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The History of Playing Cards

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The History of Playing Cards tv THE HISTORY PLAYING CARDS, WITH guttcimits of ijjtir xtst in CONJURING, FORTUNE-TELLING, AND CARD-SHARPING. Ike. hlsiov. EDITED BT THE LATE Rev. Ed. S. TAYLOR, B.A. AND OTHERS. LONDON : JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, PICCADILLY. 1865. n/^ /•" TWO CARICATURE CARDS FROM A PACK FORMERLY BELONGING TO THE LATE COUNT d'oRS AY. PREFACE. Five years ago I pin-chased from an eminent French publisher some tasteful wood-engravings, illustrative of the History of Playing Cards. These, with the small work in which they originally appeared, were placed in the hands of the late Rev. Ed. S. Taylor, of Onnesby St. Margaret, Great Yarmouth, as mate rial for a History of Playing Cards, English and Foreign, which he had offered to undertake for me. The readers of Notes and Queries will remember this gen tleman as the valued contributor of many curious articles to that useful periodical. His knowledge was wide and varied, although his tastes were of that peculiar kind which delights in the careful exploration of the bye-ways, rather than the high roads, of learning. The first part of the work was soon in the printers' hands, but ill-health followed, and the book proceeded slowly up to the time of the Editor's decease, two years ago. It was deemed necessary to mention this fact, as some of the references are to matters long since passed, although they are stated as of the present day. IV PREFACE. To tlie French Illustrations have been added several facsimiles of old cards from the Print-room in the British Museum, and other sources. The third and last division of the work — that treating of Card-Oonjuring, Fortune-Telling, and Card- Sharping — might have been extended to a much greater length, but it was found that the size of the work, as projected, had already been much exceeded ; and so the writer was necessarily compelled to omit much that he had collected upon these curious subjects. Hereafter a small volume, entirely devoted to their consideration, may probably see the light. With these explanations the present book is given to the world, not as an exhaustive treatise upon the subject, but rather as a popular compend of facts and anecdotes relating to a pastime which has amused all classes of society for many generations. One more statement — this time in our own behalf — is, perhaps, necessary. The student or the antiquary, acquainted with the larger works of Breitkopt, Singer, and Chatto, writers who have so elaborately treated our subject, is reminded that many facts and par ticulars, unknown to those learned enquirers, may be found scattered through our pages. J. C. H. Piccadilly, W. CONTENTS. o5*& PART THE FIRST. CBAZTER. PAGE. I. INTRODUCTION 1 Cards and Gipsies— French Claim to Invention of Cards Unfounded— Tarots. II. OMENTAL ORIGIN OP CARDS .... The Gipsies in India — Their Expulsion, and Arrival in Europe — Description of Tarot Cards — Their Oriental Character— Livre de Thoth — Chinese and Persian Cards — Indian Cards— Notices of Cards before Charles VI. of France — Naibi — Retention of the Ancient Divinatory Use of Cards by the Gipsies. IIL Introduction of Cards into Southern Europe 36 Route of Cards into Europe— Germany, Italy, or Spain —The Moorish Invasion — National Styles of Play — Priority of the Spanish Game. IV. Date of Introduction of Cards ... 42 Statutes of the Band, a.d. 1332— Edict of John I. of Cas tile, a.d. 1387 — Alleged Interpolations — Documentary Evidence in favour of Italy — Order of the Introduc tion of Cards— Spain and^Italy, Germany, France, and England. VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER. PAGE. V. Introduction op Cards into France . 48 The Era of Agincourt — Expedition of Duguesclin, a.d. 1366— Game of Brelan— Edict of Charles V.— Confort D'Amy — Cards Prohibited, 1397 — Jacquemin Grin- gonneur. VI. The Cards of Charles VI. Modification of Tarots — Le Roman du Roy Meliadus — The Cards of Charles VI. described— The Venetian Tarots— The Introduction of Queens in the French Game. VII. Invention of the French Cards and Game of Piquet 63 Cards in France at the End of the Fourteenth Century — Reduction of the Pack-^-Influence of the Invention of Wood Engraving— The "Coursube" Cards — Temp. Charles VII.— P. Daniel's Interpretation of Piquet— Summary. VIII. Cards in England 85 Early Notices Unsatisfactory— Game of King and Queen — Quatuor Reges or Chaturanga— Chess and Cards — Creag— The English in Guienne, a.d. 1366— Dr. Stuke- ley's Cards— Chaucer— Knave and Valet— Mr. Chatto's Cards and the Rose of Lancaster — Importation of Cards Prohibited, 1463— Paston Letters, 1484— Act of Parliament against Cards, 1495 — Henry VII. and James IV. IX. History of Tarots, as told by themselves 107 Changes in Design — Germany — Formschneiders and Briefmahlers— Export Trade — Trappola— Early Ger man Cards— Fantastic Varieties— The Master of 1466— Circular Cards — Jeu de Mantegna — Incorrect Usage of Tarot and Trappola— Modern Varieties and Quasi- Tarots. CONTENTS. Til CHAPTER. PAGE. X. Modern History op French and English Cards 138 Definition of Piquet Cards — Cards in England, Spanish or French? — Mediaeval Costumes — Rowlands* Tracts. Importation, and Home Manufacture — Price— Jehan Volay — French Cards, Charles IX. — Louis Quatorze — Flemish, Bijou, and Fancy Packs — The London Com pany — English Cards— Puritan, "Sciential!," Satiri cal, Political — Cards of the French Revolution, of the Empire, of the Restoration — Russian, Dutch, Spanish, aud Napoleonic. XL The Application of Cards to* Science . 187 The Abbe Gualtier— Murner— Logical Cards — The Games of Desmarets, Historical, Geographical, &c. — De Brianville's Heraldic Cards — English and Scottish Heraldic Cards— Scientiall Cards — Astronomical and Fortune-Telling Cards — German Astrological and Geographical Cards. XII. Card Miscellanies 216 Legislation — Nomenclature — Manufacture. PART THE SECOND. L The Games of the XVth. and XVIth. Cen turies 249 IL Card Plating in the XVIth. and XVIIth. Centuries 288 Style of Play in the Sixteenth Century — Early Authori ties^ — Cards Used as Figures— Card-Playing at Christ- mas — For and Against — Irish Carrows — Ririconete and Cortadillo — Card Playing in Scotland— Henry of Navarre — Bassompierre and Biron — Sully — Don Antonio Pimentel— Reign of Louis XIII.— Gaming Prohibited — James I., a Card Player— The Basilicon Doron — Harington's Games — Games of the Seven teenth Century— Card Titles— Puritan Abhorrence of Cards. III. Card Plating in France during the XVIlTH. AND XVIIlTH. CENTURIES . 31 S Card-Playing an Institution of State — Mazarin — Gaming an Engine of Policy— Anne of Austria— Cards in the Camp — Maria Theresa — Hocca — Gourville — Death Bed of Mazarin— The Age of Festivals— Card Sharping at the Court — De Langl^e and Madame de Montespan — Hocca Supplanted by Bassette — Dangeau — The Duchess de Mazarin — Prominent Players — Gambling at Versailles — Dangeau and his Career — His ready Poetical Talents— Elected Grand-master of the Order of Lazarus — Singe du Roi — Princesses Smoking — De moralization of the Army — Card Ball— Langl^e and the Duchess of Burgundy— Brelan and the Death Chamber — Monsieur and the Dauphin— The Gambling Ladies— Madame de Clerembault — Madame de Polig- nac — Princess Harcourt — Fun for an Elector — Cards Murder Political Life. IV. Louis the Grand to Louis the Lock- maker 348 Louis' Legacy — The Regent's Interdict— The Political Game of Piquet — Law, King of Gamblers — Enormous Stakes— Boneuil Murdered— Lettres Persanes — Vol taire— Candida's Experience — Voltaire no Gambler— A Lull— Circe Dubarry— Je Suis Frite !— Vingt-et-un —"Whist, Horace Walpole's mention of it— Electress of Saxony— Sovereigns Cheat only for Crowns— The Times out of Joint. CONTENTS. IX CAAPTKR. PAGE. V. Card-Playing in France from Louis the L.OCKMAKER TO LOUIS NAPOLEON . .361 Marie Antoinette— Why M. Poincot got a Chair — Profits of M. de Chalabre— Louis Loses Louis d'Ors— Marly enPolisson — Card-Sharping — Revolutionary Gambling — Biribi, the Game of the Mob — The Palais Royal — Gambling General — Barere's House and the Suit of Clubs— Bouillotte a Revolutionary Game— Napoleon a "Whist Player — Josephine — Marie Louise — Napoleon preferred Vingt-et-un — M. de Talleyrand Invented for Whist — Junot — Napoleon's Opinions on Card- Playing — Conversation with Las Cases — Gaming houses Licensed — Paoli— Gaming in Corsica — Napo leon's Nine of Diamonds — Gaming Disreputable — The Code Napoleon— Its Provisions — Suppression of the Houses — Statistics of Gaming— Expenses and Profits — Massena — The Island of Amathonte — Russian Gaming. VI. Card-Playing in England in the XVIIth. Century 389 Political Card Squib at the Close of the Commonwealth — The Restoration — Cards and Dice Rampant — Lady Castlemaine — Legislative Enactments— Pepys at a Gaming-house— The Royal Revels —Venetian Gam bling — De Gramont— Theophilus Lucas— Moll Davis — Colonel Panton — Nelly Gwynn — The Duchess de Mazarin — Etherege — Tom D'Urfey — Clancy — "Nail ing your Man" — Invention of Whist — Death of Charles the Second— James the Second— Anne. VTL Card-Playing in England during the XVIIIth. Century 412 The Georges— Addison on Gambling— Ombre — Pope's De scription of Belinda's Game — A Gaming House Staff — A Child Staked at Cards — Newmarket — Osterman — Frederick, Prince of Wales— Bubb Doddington — The Duke of Cumberland — Play in Walpole's Time — Loo — Sir William Burdett and Lord Castledurrow— Lord Rodney — O'Birne — " Doctor, you are to Deal ! "—Faro — A Strange Whist Party— Wilberforce— " Robbing the Mail ! "— Selwyn— Miss Vernon — Count Adhemar — Caricature Cards. CONTEXTS CHAPTER. PAGE. VIII. Card Notabilia in our own Day . 439 Card-Playing as a Gambling- Rage Dies Out— The World Wiser— The "Hells" of London— Archdeacon Butler — Jeremy Taylor— Cards Spiritualized by a Soldier — Card Idolatry in India — Sarah Battle— Southey's Game — Changes in Cards Puzzling to Players— Im provements in Cards — Cards for the Blind — "The America." PART THE THIRD. I. Fortune-telling 453 Early Historical Cartomancy — Phillippe Le Bon — Marco- lini — 11 Bagatello — Galasso — Bacon — Cuffe — Lent- hall's Fortune-Telling Cards — Methods of Use — The Sybil's Leaves.
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