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Plato Journal DEZ 2013 ISSN 2079-7567 I3 eISSN 2183-4105 Established 1989 http://platosociety.org/ Papers William H.F. Altman “The Missing Speech of the Absent Fourth: Reader Response and Plato’s Timaeus-Critias” David Levy, “Socrates vs. Callicles: Examination and Ridicule in Plato’s Gorgias.” Nathalie Nercam, “En tout et pour tout (Théétète 204a-210b)” Matthew Robinson, “Competition, Imagery, and Pleasure in Plato’s Republic, 1-91” Scott J. Senn, “Ignorance or Irony in Plato’s Socrates?: A Look Beyond Avowals and Disavowals of Knowledge” INTERNATIONAL PLATO SOCIETY PLATO INTERNATIONAL PL ATO Société Platonicienne JOURNALInternationale Associazione Internazionale dei Platonisti Sociedad Internacional de Platonistas Internationale Platon-Gesellschaft Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Universiy Press 2 | Enicaper ficaed susta nondin is es nonim et dolore CREDITS EditOriAL BOARD INterNAtiONAL PLATO Francisco Gonzalez SOcietY EXecutiVE University of Ottawa COmmittee (2013-16) Irmgard Männlein-Robert President: Francisco Bravo Universität Tübingen Universidad Central de Venezuela Angela Ulacco President: Gabriele Cornelli Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Universidade de Brasília Vice President: Tom Robinson ScieNtific BOArd University of Toronto Luc Brisson Ex-President: Mauro Tulli CNRS – UPR76 Centre Jean-Pépin, Paris Università degli Studi di Pisa Tomás Calvo Next President: Luc Brisson Universidad Complutense, Madrid CNRS – UPR76 Centre Jean-Pépin, Paris John Dillon Next President: Olivier Renaut Trinity College, Dublin Université Paris Ouest – Nanterre-La Défense Thomas M. Robinson Next President: Arnaud Macé University of Toronto Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Livio Rossetti Università di Perugia Representative for Europe: Christopher Rowe Francesco Fronterotta Durham University La Sapienza – Università di Roma Samuel Scolnicov † Representative for Europe: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Mary Margaret McCabe Shinro Kato King’s College, London Tokyo Metropolitan University Representative for North America: Noburu Notomi Verity Harte Keio University, Tokyo Yale University, New Haven Representative for Latin America: INterNAtiONAL PLATO Raul Gutierrez SOcietY EditOriAL Universidad Católica del Peru COmmittee Representative for Asia, Australia, Franco Ferrari and Africa: Yuji Kurihara Salerno – Coordinator Tokyo Gagukei University Filip Karfìk Representative for the C. J. Fribourg de Vogel Foundation: Carlos Steel Dimitri El Murr Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Paris Marcelo Boeri Santiago de Chile Lesley Brown Oxford LOREM IPSUM | 3 SUMMARY 5 EDITORIAL PApers 7 “The Missing Speech of the Absent Fourth: Reader Response and Plato’s Timaeus-Critias” William H.F. Altman 27 “Socrates vs. Callicles: Examination and Ridicule in Plato’s Gorgias.” David Levy 37 “En tout et pour tout (Théétète 204a-210b)” Nathalie Nercam 51 “Competition, Imagery, and Pleasure in Plato’s Republic, 1-91” Matthew Robinson 77 “Ignorance or Irony in Plato’s Socrates?: A Look Beyond Avowals and Disavowals of Knowledge” Scott J. Senn BOOK REViews 111 Plato and the Post-Socratic Dialogue: The Return to the Philosophy of Nature. By Charles H. Kahn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 249. $90.00 (hardback). ISBN-13: 978-1-107-03145-6. William H. F. Altman 115 “Reading Plato is like Solving a Jigsaw Puzzle: Mary-Louise Gill’s Philosophos A Discussion of Plato’s Missing Dialogue.” Georgia Mouroutsou 127 GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS 4 | Enicaper ficaed susta nondin is es nonim et dolore EditOriAL | 5 first time has the form that its content merits. EDITORIAL This will make it more attractive and more useful both as a venue for publishing one’s own work and as a source for consulting current research in the field. For this we owe a debt of gratitude to the current president of the International Plato Society, Gabriele Cornelli, who from the very start of his mandate made it a priority to improve Francisco J. Gonzalez the standing and visibility of the journal and who University of found the right publisher for this end. Ottawa There have been internal changes as well. After some years as sole editor, including for the present volume, I have now been joined by two co-editors: Irmgard Maennlein-Robert of the University of Tübingen and Angela Ulacco of the University of Freiburg. We can only expect and hope that the workload for the journal will increase in coming years and this expansion of the editorial board will enable the journal to cope with this increasing workload. In particular, this expansion, along with a new Scientific The current volume of the Plato Journal Committee drawn from members of the Advisory constitutes an important turning point in the Board of the International Plato Society, will help history of the journal and as such is characterized speed up the review process that has been by both the old and the new. What is ‘old’ is that rather slow in this transitional year. here, as in the last volume, we have a collection of very strong papers displaying a wide diversity Finally, I wish to thank, first, those who of approaches and topics. The goal of the journal submitted their work to the journal this last continues to be what it always has been: to year, not only those whose work is included disseminate important new research on Plato in the present volume, but also those whose and the Platonic tradition, just as the goal of the submissions had to be rejected as a result of International Plato Society is to promote and the rigorous and blind evaluation process that provide an international venue for such research. the journal needs and wishes to maintain. The But the journal has now a new look and, far from journal, like any other journal, can succeed only being something purely cosmetic, this new look as long as there are scholars wiling to submit represents a major change in the journal’s profile their work to it for evaluation and indeed many and standing. For the first time the journal has a more than those whose work will ultimately publisher and this not only improves the look of be published within it. But the success of the journal, but also gives it the same standing as the journal also depends, of course, on the print journals in the field when it comes to citation, evaluators who must sacrifice a significant indexing and access. Furthermore, the journal will amount of their precious time for work that is now be both an electronic and print journal in that anonymous and uncompensated. They too the publisher will make printed copies available must receive our thanks; this volume is their on demand. In short, the journal now and for the work as much as that of anyone else. 6 | Enicaper ficaed susta nondin is es nonim et dolore PAPERS William H. F. Altman | 7 Despite Diskin Clay’s claim that “the great The Missing Speech gaps in the universe of the Platonic dialogues… of the Absent Fourth: are beyond the reach of even speculation,”1 Mary Louise Gill has recently published a fas- Reader Response and cinating book on Plato’s missing Philosopher. Plato’s Timaeus-Critias In its Introduction she writes: Plato did not write the Philosopher becau- se he would have spoiled the exercise had For Stanley Fish he written it. In finding the philosopher through the exercise, the student becomes a philosopher by mastering his methods, and thus the target of the exercise is inter- William H. F. Altman nally related to its pedagogical purpose.2 [email protected] At the heart of Gill’s attempt to fill in this “gap” is the three-fold claim that Plato delibe- rately created the puzzle of the missing Philoso- pher for a pedagogical purpose, and, moreover, that he created that puzzle for us: Plato uses the devious strategy I have at- tributed to him [sc. he ‘hides the pieces of the puzzle and its solution in plain AbstrAct PAPERS sight’] because, by making his audience work very hard to dig out his meaning, Recent Plato scholarship has grown increas- he fosters in them (and us, his modern ingly comfortable with the notion that Plato’s art readers) a skill in reading and a compe- of writing brings his readers into the dialogue, tence in using dialectical techniques and challenging them to respond to deliberate developing new ones.3 errors or lacunae in the text. Drawing inspiration from Stanley Fish’s seminal reading of Satan’s Not only by leaving Philosopher unwri- speeches in Paradise Lost, this paper considers tten, but also in any number of other ways, the narrative of Timaeus as deliberately unreli- Gill’s Plato both “provokes”4 and “tests”5 his able, and argues that the actively critical reader readers, i.e., us. Although Gill’s attempt to lo- is “the missing fourth” with which the dialogue cate Plato’s missing Philosopher in the astute famously begins. By continuing Timaeus with reader’s response to its absence is particularly Critias—a dialogue that ends with a missing germane to the subject of this paper, it is worth speech—Plato points to the kind of reader he emphasizing that Gill’s is but the most recent expects: one who can answer Critias’ question addition to a growing body of literature re- (Critias 107a4-6): ὡς μὲν γὰρ οὐκ εὖ τὰ παρὰ σοῦ flecting a new trend in Plato’s reception: an λεχθέντα εἴρηται, τίς ἂν ἐπιχειρήσειεν ἔμφρων increasing concern with the central role of the λέγειν; http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_13_1 8 | The Missing Speech of the Absent Fourth: Reader Response and Plato’s Timaeus-Critias reader’s response in interpreting the dialogues. (3) that Plato intends us to read the discourse Two recent
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