June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 1832i Upon the disposition of the Jackson cordance with the previous order, that Jeremiah J. Donahue Demetria F. Aspiras amendment, any rollcall votes ordered on the Senate stand in adjournment until Kenneth F. Dalton Carl D. Maddy Dale W. Croteau Howard E. Hall the Kennedy-Cranston amendment the hour of 10 a.m. Monday next. Thomas J. Jozwiak Norman L. M. would occur. The motion was agreed to; and at 4: 30 Donald E. Sapp Peleholani At the hour of 1 o'clock p.m. on Tues­ p.m. the Senate adjourned until Mon­ Charles R. Blanar Lonnie L. Hyatt day, the so-called ceiling amendment day, June 10, 1974, at 10 a.m. William W. Arrington Richard E. Rainville will be called up by Mr. HUMPHREY, on Eugene Lister James A. Irwin which there is a time limitation of 1 Robert C. Jacobson John C. Leith III hour and 15 minutes. NOMINATIONS Robert L. Ferguson Larry H. Oliszewski Dennis G. Johnson Thurman G. Upon the disposition of the Humphrey Executive nominations received by the Junius S. Clemmons Fogelstrom amendment the Senate will proceed to Senate June 7, 1974: William J. Gural Denis J. Mayberry vote on the final passage of the military IN THE COAST GUARD Robert S. Tekesky Ronald E. Curtis procurement bill. That will also be a The. following officer of the U.S. Coast Donald A. Perillo Norvie S. Gillikin rollcall vote. Guard for promotion to the grade of lieute­ Kenneth R. Land Gary L. Perry Upon the disposition of that bill, in the nant (junior grade): Jack E. Voss Carl L. Ditmll,rs event action has not been completed on John S. Calhoun Phillip R. Mell Samuel G. Cottrell, Jr. the energy appropriation bill action Richard A. Eppley Darold W. Smith The following Re~erve officers of the U.S. John W. Mullaney, Jr. Larry M. Conard would then be resumed thereon. Coast Guard to be permanent commissioned Richard w. Collins Walter J. Hanson Other bills which may be called up on officers in the Regular Coast Guard in the Clarence W. Parker Kent W. Kramer Tuesday and subsequent , thereto are­ grades indicated: Elson C. Brittle Ronnie L. Kunz but not necessarily in that order-S. 3523, Lieutenant commander Jesse O. Rowe Dennis C. Dougherty a bill to establish a temporary national James F. Brodie, Jr. Gerald D. Kerns James R. Stith commission on supplies and shortages; Garran C. Crow Carl w. Feil Jack B. West s. 585, a bill to amend section 303 of the Joseph A. Petit Henry L. Riebel Lieutenant Frederick M. William E. Richardson Communications Act of 1934; H.R. 8217, William G. Fisher Hal W. Cohoon Harrison Robert G. Hunter an act to exempt from duty certain Larry J. Balok Peter B. Fontneau Charles E. Kelly Norman A. Swanson equipment and repairs for vessels oper­ Robert W. Cathey Johnnie L. Johnson Leonard J. Edward F. Nuzman ated by or for any agency of the United James C. Arritt Roger D. Chvalier Antoszewski Nich V. Swanson States-a so-called tax bill. Of course, Charles E. Hughes Carl D. Main Victor H. Huck, Jr. Marion C. Parker there are other measures on the calendar Michael F. Peter T. Isaksen Charles J. Cannon, Jr. Noel E. Crowley which will be cleared for action by next McCormack David L. Crede James P. Contratto Patrick J. O'Hara. week. Conference reports may be called Lieutenant (junior grade) David E. Clark Frank H. Legate Daniel L. Farr Robert L. Sturgis James J. O'Brien up at any time and yea-and-nay votes Donald J. Dokken Alice T. Jefferson can occur thereon. The following temporary officers of the U.S. William R. Garinger Russell R. Griffin The debt limit bill will come along be­ Coast Guard for promotion to chief warrant Angel M. Lopez Robert T. McLaughlin fore the end of June. The House is ex­ offi.ce1•, W2: Charles A. Brinson Librado Torres pected to complete action on at least Milton D. Moore, Jr. Frederick R. Hill Grodon L. Pierce William Heelan eight appropriation bills, plus perhaps a William A. Dickerson, Robert E. Drake Dale R. Wilkins Michael J. Monroe continuing resolution by the end of June, III James E. Andrews Jose G. Jimenez Bernard A. Kincaid so Senators are informed that several ap­ Charles W. Belsky Charles E. Isgett Terry 0. Gallaher propriation bills will be cleared for ac­ The following temporary chief warrant of­ Thomas J. Hickey Harry R. Bishop ficers, W2 of the U.S. Coast Guard to be tion by the Senate Committee on Appro­ perman~nt chief warrant officers, W2: priations and will be on the calendar and Howard F. Wirt Charlie C. Brogdon ready for floor action by the end of June. Richard E. Chris M. Percival CONFffiMATION Friday sessions may be expected from D'Entremont Fred Dombek, Jr. Executive nomination confirmed by the now on. Rollcall votes can be expected to William M. Roney John W. Littleton, Jr. Senate June 6, 1974, not listed in RECORD occur daily. John W. Warren, Jr. Robert D. Tate That is about it. Desmond B. Connolly David K. Winchester of June 6: Robert L. Joubert Victor H. Henkel, Jr. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Gary E. Hodge John M. Terrell J. William Middendorf II, of Connecticut, ADJOURNMENT TO 10 A.M. MONDAY Milton H. Meekins Llewellyn D. Midgatt to be Secretary of the Navy. John W. Massey Richard F. Edwards, (The above nomination was approved sub­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ John R. Cotter Sr. ject to the nominee's commitment to respond dent, if there be no further business to Walter D. Moulton Ralph Skonieczny to requests to appear and testify before any come before the Senate, I move, in ac- George C. Tureman Roland M. Bowen duly constituted committee of the senate.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HERB HOFFMAN-A DEDICATED I joined hundreds of others who bade mittee on the Judiciary, succeeds Donald E. PUBLIC SERVANT-RETIRES him farewell at a reception in the Deputy Channell, who :for the past 17 years served as Attorney General's office. director of the Association's Washington of­ Now: Herb is leaving the committee fice. Channell, who recently resigned to en­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. staff and retiring from Government serv­ ter private practice in Washington, will serve OF NEW JERSEY as a legislative consultant to the ABA. ice. However, I am pleased that the Hoffman's appointment was announced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American Bar Association has seen flt here by Bert H. Early, ABA executive direc­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 to avail itself of Herb's talents as di­ tor. Under Hoffman's leadership, Early said rector of its newly created governmental the American Bar Association will expand its Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, after 30 relations office. I congratulate the ABA public service efforts with the Congress and years of public service, Herb Hoffman, on its choice, and wish Herb every suc­ with the· federal agencies. He added that the counsel to the Subcommittee on Crimi­ cess in his new career. ABA's office here also will provide a wider nal Justice of the House Judiciary Com­ range of governmental information services mittee, is retiring. The ABA release which announced the to state and local bar associations and to I first came to know Herb when ''he appointment follows: other affiliated bar groups. headed the Legislative Office in the De­ AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION NAMES HOFFMAN As the ABA's highest staff officer in Wash­ DmECTOR OF GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ington, Hoffman will direct the Association's partment of Justice, and through the OFFICE years came to respect his legal judg­ liaison with the three bra'1ches of the fed­ WASHINGTON, D.C., May 28.-The American eral government. The headquarters of the ments, boundless energy, and dedication Bar Association today appointed Herbert E. 180,000-member ABA is in Chicago. to the public interest. Hoffman, of Arlington, Va., as director of !ts Hoffman, a native of New York City, was When my predecessor as the chairman newly named Governmental Relations Office graduated from New York University with a of the Judiciary Committee enticed Herb here. bachelor of science degree in 1937 and re­ to join· the committee staff '3 years ago, Hoffman, who is counsel to the House Com- ceived his law degree there in 1939. He prac· 18322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 ticed law in New York City for two years be­ Il. His brother Joseph was reported miss­ To achieve this goal, Jim Hooker not only fore World War II and for two years after. ing in action at that time, but was fortu­ carries out his Federal functions J.n a fair, During that war, he served as a chief war­ nately spared and retmned to Buffalo. humane, and understanding way, but bas ex­ rant officer and for two years as an assistant Another brother, Michael, was wounded panded his talents to the community in the division judge -advocate, 11th Airborne Divi­ field of youth activities, the West Side Boys sion. His work took him to the South Pacific in the Philippines, but refused to allow Club, the Front Park Hockey Club, to men­ and Japan. a recommendation for a Purple Heart tion a few, and all of these added efforts di­ Hoffman joined t he legislative section, Of­ for fear of further distressing his mother. rected at making better citizens and a better fice of the Deputy Attorney General, in 1948 In April 1973, our office was able to assist community and a better life. and was named its chief in 1961. He has in research medical records, and Michael I would like to join your post in honoring served the House Judiciary Committee since received his medal 27 years late-but, this man by presenting to him a flag that flew 1971. over the Capitol, specifically for him. Hoffman since 1967 also has served as ad­ sadly, only 2 months later he died. junct professor of law at Georgetown Uni­ I had the privilege of serving in the All in all, it was a memorable event­ versity Law Center. His teaching specialty Buffalo Common Council with a fourth a refreshing display of patriotism and has been legislation. He also has lectured on brother, the late Anthony Lombardo. The recognition of service to our country. legislation for the U.S. Department of Jus­ gallant mother of these men, Mrs. Cathe­ With people like these respecting our tice a.nd the U~S. Civil Service Commission. rine Lombardo, was one of the distin­ honoTable, hard-won traditions, we can He and his Wife, Beth, who is principal of guished guests at the festival. feel the future of our Nation is secure. the Drew Model Elementary School in James Hooker is certainly a most de­ Arlington, .are the parents of three children. Their son. D.avid, is an attorney in Tucson. serving recipient of the Americanism Their daughter, Joan, teaches in Arlington, Award this year. His biography follows: and their d.aughter, Barbara, studies at Johns J ames M. Hooker, a native of Western New DR. BURNS SPEAKS ON INFLATION Hopkins Universit y. York, is Director of the Buffalo Regional Office of the United States Veterans Adminis­ t ration and also Chairman of the Federal HON. GARRY BROWN Executive Board. OF MICIDGAN After pursuing his educat ion locally, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AMERICAN!Sl"\1: AT FRANCIS A. LOM­ joined t he 'l'"nited States Air Force in Decem­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 ber 1942. He saw thirty-six months service BARDO AMERICAN LEGION POST with the Twelfth Air Force in Africa, Sicily 1031 Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speak­ and Italy, receiving an honorable discharge er, on May 26 the distinguished Chair­ in December 1945. Shortly thereafter he was man of the Federal Reserve Board, Dr. accepted into membership of Troop I Ameri­ Arthur F. Burns, addressed the graduat­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI can Legion Post No. 665 in Buffalo. ing class at Illinois College. He patrioti­ OF NEW YORK A career employee, he joined the Veterans Administration when offices were opened in cally and perceptively spoke on a subject IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Buffalo in March 1946, serving in various re­ of vital importance to the young people Thursday, June 6, 1974 sponsible capacities until June 1966 when he in his audience, because he identified a was transferred to the Baltimore Regional problem that threatens their life styles, Mr. DULSKI. MI·. Speaker, on May 25, Office of the Veterans Administration as their economic opportunity, and their 1974, I had the great pleasure of attend­ Assistant Director. In September 1970, he freedom. But, Mr. Speaker, his message ing the seventh annual dinner-dance returned to the Buffalo Office serving as As­ is a message that should be heeded not festival of the Francis L. Lombardo sistant Director until receiving his current appointment. just by the recent graduates of Illinois American Legion Post 1031, of Buffalo, College but by every citizen of our coun­ N.Y. As Director of the Veterans Administration Regional Office, he has jurisdiction over and try, because the problem he discussed In addition to being a pleasant social responsibility for the integrated program of threatens us all with the same debilitat­ event, it was also an inspiring occasion veterans• benefits consisting of compensation, ing consequences. during which the annual Americanism pension, education, loan guarantee and vet­ Dr. Burns discussed the problem of Award was presented to Mr. James M. erans assistance activities in the 31-counttes inflation-its causes, effects, and remedy. Hooker, director, Buffalo regional office, of Western and Central New York. He has In defining the se1·iousness of the prob­ U.S. Veterans' Administration, and I had been recognized on numerous occasions by lem of inflation, Dr. Burns stated: the honor of presenting MI·. Hooker with the Veterans Administration for sustained The gravity of our current inflationary an American flag which had been flown and outstanding performance rendered in providing service to veterans and their problem can hardly be over-estimated . . . If over our U.S. Capitol for him. families. past experience is any guide, the future of Post 1031's oommander, Samuel C. While assigned to the Veterans Adminis­ our country is in jeopardy. No country that Nicosia. had warm greetings for those in tration Regional Office in Baltimore, Mary­ I know o! has been able t.o maintain wide­ attendance. and I join in congratulating land, he wa-s actively involved in establishing spread economic prosperity once inflation got Chairman Vito Andriaccio and Cochair­ one of the initial Federal Executive Boards in out of hand. And the unhappy consequences man Charles J. Monteleone: the nation, as directed by the President. are by no means solely of an economic char­ acter. If long continued, inflation at any­ As Commander of the Francis A. Lombardo, Upon return to the Buffalo area he continued his involvement, currently serving as Chair­ thing like the present rate would threaten American Legion Post No. 1031, this past year the very foundations of our society. has been a challenging opportunity to service man of the organization of Federal executives my fellow comrades. dedicated to improving delivery of Govern­ Dr. Burns listed the following among This evening highlights for all good Le­ ment services in the Niagara Frontier. On special causal factors contributing to the gionnaires the activities which a cooperative June 19. 1973, he was awarded the John E. Foley Memorial Award by the Federal Execu­ inflationary pressures that abound in the organization can accomplish with able a-ssist­ land: ance of the Ladies Auxiliary. The attendance tive Board of Buffalo for outstanding service conveys the friendship and support we re .. within the community and for an exemplary With production rising rapidly across the ceive from not only Legionnaires but from record of integrity and devotion to public world, prices of labor, materials, and finished the local community. I invite all veterans service. products were bid up everywhere. To make who are not members of veterans organiza­ Although a member of a number of vet­ matters worse, disappointing crop harvests tions to close ranks and be counted again. erans• organizations, he has been most active in a number of countries in 1972 forced a Th1s years committee headed by Vito An· as a Legionnaire, currently serving as Com­ sharp run-up in the prl-ces of food last year. driaccio, chail'man and Charles J. Monte .. mander of Troop I American Legion Post No. The manipulation of petroleum supplies and leone, co-chairman are to be coI).gratulated 665. prices by oil-exporting countries gave an­ for the success of tonight's affair. other dramatic push to the general price It was a great pleasure for me to pre­ level last autumn and ea.1:ly this year. . • • The toastmaster, New York State Sen­ sent the flag to Mr. Hooker, and I would Recently, our price level has also reacted ator John La Falce, did an excellent job, . like to insert my statement: strongly to the removal of wage and price and the program was impressive, with a controls-a painful, but essential adjustment "Americanism"-an endless quest for in the return of free markets. particularly fine speech by Buffalo City something new-to make our country and Court Judge Carmelo Parlato. -0ur communi.ty a better place t.o live in. It But Dr. Burns went on to identify the Post 1031 ls named 1n honor of Cpl. 1s almost a religion-it 1a a thing of spirtt. It more basic causes of inflation as being Francis A. Lombardo, who died 1n action ts a goal. not only for a free life-but a increased dependence on Government during the invasion of Italy in World War better life. enterprise and less on individual 1nitia- June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18323 tive in the attainment of economic ob­ harvests in a number of countries in 1972 Actually, the sales of some of our nation's forced a sharp run-up in the prices of food leading business firms have been on the wane jectives. He properly pointed out that last year. The manipulation of petroleum for a year or more. Their costs, meanwhile, while Government endeavors to foster supplies and prices by oil-exporting coun­ have continued to soar with increasing wage prosperity and to mitigate economic tries gave another dramatic push to the genM rates and sharply rising prices of materials. adversity are laudable objectives, they eral price level last autumn and early this The effect on business profits was ignored have resulted in the governmental budg­ year. The influence of these factors is still for a time because accountants typically etary affairs getting sorely and danger­ being felt in consumer markets. reckon the value of inventories-and also the ously out of hand. He termed the infla­ Recently, our price level has also reacted value of machinery and equipment used up tion that ensued from this loss of budg­ strongly to the removal of wage and price in production-at original cost, rather than controls-a painful, but essential adjustment at current inflated prices. These accounting etary restraint as "the most dangerous in the return of free markets. practices create an illusory element in economic ailment of our time." These special factors, however, do not profits-an element that is not available for Dr. Burns told his audience what we account for all of our inflation. For many distribution to stockholders in view of the must do as a nation and as individual years, our economy and that of other na­ need to replace inventories, plant, and equipM citizens to cope with this crucial problem. tions has had a serious underlying bias ment at appreciably higher prices. Worse He stated we must resist swift expansion toward inflation which has simply been still, the illusory part of profits is subject in money and credit. Our Federal budg­ magnified by the special influences t hat l to the income tax, thus aggravating the de­ have mentioned. terioration in profits. This result is especially etary affairs must be handled more unfortunate because of the shortage of inM responsibly. We must improve our in­ Ironically, the roots of that bias lie chiefly in the rising aspirations of people dustrial capacity that now exists in key sec­ dustrial efficiency and individual pro­ everywhere. We are a nation in a hurry for tors of our economy-particularly in the ductivity. We must strengthen competi­ more and more of what we consider the good basic materials area. tion in our private enterprise system. things of life. I do not question that yearnM By early this year, a confrontation with Augmented incentives to produce should ing. Properly direct ed, it can be a powerful economic reality could no longer be put off. be adopted. As consumers, we should force for human betterment. Difficulties Major business corporations found that the adopt more careful spending habits. arise, however, when people in general seek volume of 1nvestible funds generated inter­ to reach their goals by means of short cuts; nally was not increasing fast enough to fi­ This distinguished American conclud­ n ance the rising costs of new plant and ed his remarks by observing that while and that is what has happened. Of late, individuals have come to depend equipment, or of the materials and supplies there is no easy way out of our inflation­ less and less on their own initiative, and needed to rebuild inventories. Businesses ary morass, the elimination of inflation more on government, to achieve their eco­ began to scramble for borrowed funds at is essential to our Nation's future. nomic objectives. The public nowadays ex­ commercial banks and in the public markets Mr. Speaker, I include the full text of pects the government to maintain prosper­ for money and capital. Our financial marM Dr. Burns' remarks to the graduating ous economic conditions, to limit such de­ kets have therefore come under severe strain. clines in employment as may occasionally Interest rates have risen sharply; savings class at Illinois College at this point in flows have been diverted from mortgage lendM the RECORD: occur, to ease the burden of job loss or ill­ ness or retirement, to sustain the incomes of ing institutions; security dealers have exM ADDRESS OF FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD CHAIRl'vIAN farmers, homebuilders, and so on. These are perienced losses; prices of common stocks ARTHUR F. BURNS laudable objectives, and we and other na­ have declined; the liquidity of some enterM It is a pleasure to be with you today here tions have moved a. considerable distance prises has been called into question; and in the heartland of America. As graduates of toward their realization. Unfortunately, in tensions of a financial nature have spilled this College, you are launching your careers the process of doing so, governmental over into international markets. at a challenging but troubled time. Con­ budgets have gotten out of control, wages Concerned as we all are about the economic fidence in established institutions, partic­ and prices have become less responsive to consequences of inflation, there is even ularly in our government, is at a low ebb. the discipline of market forces, and inflation· greater reason for concern about the impact And hopes for the future of our economy has emerged as the most dangerous economic on our social and political institutions. We have been shaken by the debilitating effects ailment of our time. must not risk the social stresses that perM of inflation on the nation's businesses, The awesome imbalance of the Federal sistent inflation breeds. Because of its capri­ workers, and consumers. budget is probably the contributory factor cious effects on the income and wealth of a Inflation is not a new problem for the to inflation that you have heard the most nation's families and businesses, inflation inM United States, nor is it confined to our coun­ about. In the past five years, total Federal evitably cause disillusionment and discon­ try. Inflationary forces are now rampant in expenditures have increased about 50 per tent. It robs millions of citizens who in their every major industrial nation of the world. cent. In that time span, the cumulative desire to be selfMreliant have set aside funds Inflation is raging also in the less developed budget deficit of the Federal government, in­ for the education of their children or their countries, and apparently in socialist coun­ cluding government-sponsored enterprises, own retirement, and it hits many of the tries as well as in those that practice free has totaled more than $100 billion. In fi­ poor and elderly especially hard. enterprise. nancing this deficit and also in meeting huge In recent weeks, governments have fallen The gravity of our cmTent inflationary demands. for credit by businesses and con­ in several major countries, in part because problem can hardly be overestimated. Except sumers, tremendous pressures ha. ve been the citizens of those countries had lost con­ for a brief period at the end of World War placed on our credit mechanisms and the fidence in the ability of their leaders to cope 11, prices in the United States have of late supply of money has grown at a rate incon­ with the problem of inflation. Among our been rising faster than in any other peace­ sistent with price stab111ty. own people, the distortions and injustices time period of our history. If past experience I am sure that each of you in this grad­ wrought by inflation have contributed ma­ is any guide, the future of our country is in uating class is a.ware of some of the trouble­ terially to distrust of government policies, jeopardy. No country that I know of has been some consequences of inflation. The prices and even to some loss of confidence in our able to maintain widespread economic of virtually everything you buy have been free enterprise system. Discontent bred by prosperity once inflation got out of hand. rising and are still going up. For the typical inflation can provoke profoundly disturbing And the unhappy consequences are by no American worker, the increase in weekly social and political change, as the history of means solely of an economic character. If earnings during the past year, while sizable other nations teaches. I do not believe I long continued, inflation at anything like in dollars, has been wiped out by inflation. exaggerate in saying that the ultimate con­ the present rate would threaten the very In fact, the real weekly takeMhome pay of the sequence of inflation could well be a signl.fi­ foundations of our society. average worker is now below what it was cant decline of economic and political freeM I want to discuss briefly with you today a year ago. Moreover, the real value of ac­ dom for the American people. the sources of our inflationary problem, the cumulated savings deposits has also declined, There are those who believe that the strugM havoc being wrought in the economy, and and the pressure of rising prices on family gle to curb inflation will not succeed and the steps that must be taken to regain gen­ budgets has led to a worrisome increase in who conclude that it would be better to ad­ eral price stability and thus strengthen con­ delinquency rates on home mortgages and just to inflation rather than to fight it. On fidence in our ~ation's future. consumer loans. this view, contractual payments of all sorts­ A large part of the recent upsurge in prices Many consumers have responded to these wages, salaries, social security benefits, in­ h as been due to special factors. In most developments by postponing or cancelling terest on bank loans and deposits, and so years, economic trends of individual nations plans for buying homes, autos, and other big­ on-should be written with escalator clauses tend to diverge. But during 1978 a business­ ticket items. Sales of new autos began to so as to minimize the distortions and in­ cycle boom occurred simultaneously in the decline in the spring of 1978, and so too did justices that inflation normally causes. United States and in every other major inM sales of furniture and appliances, mobile This is a well-meaning proposal, but it is dustrial country. With production rising homes, and newly built dwellings. The weak­ neither sound nor practical. For one thing, rapidly across the world, prices of labor, ness in consumer markets, largely engendered there are hundreds of billions of dollars of materials, and finished products were bid up by inflation, slowed our economic growth outstanding contracts-on mortgages, public everywhere. rate last year some months before the effects and private bonds, insurance pollcies, and To make matters worse, disappointing crop of the oil shortage began to be felt. ,the lik&--that as a practical matter could 18324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 not be renegotiated. Even with regard to new clubs, a.nd churches-to probe beneath the hope that the members of this graduating undertakings. the obstacles to achieving sat­ superficial explanations of inflation that are class will join with other citizens a.cross the isfactory escalator arrangements in our free the gossip of everyday life. Productivity country in a great national crusade to put an a.nd complex economy. where people differ councils tn local commul!lties and enter­ end to inflation and restore the conditions so much in financial sophistication. seem prises, establlshed for the purpose of im­ essential to a stable prosperity-a prosperity insuperable. More important still, by making proving efficiency and cutting costs, can be whose benefits can be enjoyed by all our it easier for many people to live with in­ directly helpful in restraining inflation. people. This objective is Within our means flation. escalator arrangements would gravely While I am on the subject of what individ­ and is essential to our nation's future. weaken the discipline that is needed to con­ uals can do to be helpful, let me note the duct business and government affairs pru­ need for rediscovery of the art of careful dently and efficiently. Universal escalation. I budgeting of family expenditures. In some of a.m therefore convinced. is an illusory and our businesses, price competition has atroph­ JUDICIARY COMMITTEE SHOULD dangerous quest. The responsible course is ied as a mode of economic behavior, in part ENFORCE ITS SUBPENAS IN to fight inflation with all the energy we can because many of our families no longer exer­ COURT muster and with all the weapons at our cise much discipline in their spending. We command. have become a nation of impulse shoppers, One essentla.l ingredient in this struggle of gadget buyers. We give less thought than HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH is continued resistance to swift growth in we should to choosing among the thousands money and credit. The Federal Reserve Sys­ of commodities and services available in our OF WISCONSIN tem, I assure you, is firmly committed to this markets. And many of us no longer practice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES task. We intend to encourage sufficient comparative price shopping-not even for Thursday, June 6, 1974 growth in supplies of money and credit to fi­ big-ticket items. Careful spending habits are nance orderly economic expansion. But we not only in the best interest of every family; Mr. FROEHLICH. Mr. Speaker. I have are not going to be a willing party to the they could contribute powerfully to a. new spoken out on several occasions about accommodation of rampant inflation. emphasis on price competition in consumer the desirability of the Judiciary Commit­ As this year's experience has again indi­ markets. tee seeking to enforce its Presidential cated, a serious effort to moderate the growth I do not expect that the path back to of money and credit during a period of reasonable price stability can be traveled subpenas in court. Certainly, the Presi­ burgeoning credit demand results in higher quickly. Indeed, our government will need to dent does not have the authority to re­ interest rates-particularly on short-term take numerous steps to reduce the inflation­ ject in toto the committee's legitimate de­ loans. Troublesome though this rise in in­ ary bias of .... ur econom:- besidr those I have mands for information; but I am equally terest rates may be, it must for a time be emphasized. The forces of competition in certain that the committee's authority tolerated. For, if monetary policy sought to labor and product markets need to be to demand evidence from the President prevent a. rise in interest rates when credit strengthened-perhaps by establishing wage is not unlimited. Regrettably, the latter demands were booming, money and credit and prlce review boards to minimize abuses view, up to this point, has not found would expand explosively, with devastating of economic power certainly through more effects on the price level. Any such policy vigorous enforcement of the anti-trust laws, much favor among my colleagues on the would in the end be futile, even as far as besides elimination of barriers to entry in committee. interest rates are concerned, because these skilled occupations, reduction of barriers to On Wednesday, June 5, 1974, the Wall rates would soon reflect the rise in the price i.Mport s from abroad, and modification of Street Journal published an outstanding level and therefore go up all the more. We minimum wage laws to improve job oppor­ editorial on this very issue; and I am must not let that. happen. tunities for teenagers. Impediments to in­ happy to report that the Journal's edi­ But I cannot emphasize too strongly that creased production that still remain in farm­ tors have taken a position similar to my monetary policy alone cannot solve our stub­ inf, construction work, and other industries born inflationary problem. We must work need to be removed. And greater incentives own. This cogent editorial may cause simultaneously at lessening the powerful un­ should be provided for enlarging our capacity many of the members of the committee derlying bias toward inflation that stems to produce industrial materials, energy, and to rethink their positions on the role of from excessive total demands on our limited other products in short supply. the courts in the impeachment. The edi­ resources. This means, among other things, But if inflation cannot be ended quickly, torial appears below: that the Federal budget has to be handled neither can it be eliminated without cost. IMPEACHMENT AND THE COURTS more responsibly than it has been in the s"me industries will inevitably operate for We do not see how congress can vote past. a time at lower rates of production than they on the substance of a. case for impea.chmen t Incredible though it m ay seem, the Con­ would prefer. Government cannot-and unless it first encourages the courts to handle gress has been operating over the years with­ should not-try to compensate fully for all questions of evidence and executive privilege, out any semblance of a rational budget plan. such occurrences. Such a. policy would in­ which otherwise will be intractable proce­ The committees that consider spending oper­ volve negating with one hand what was being dural snarls. While the House Judiciary Com­ ate independently of the committees that attempted with the other. mii;tee has so far refused to seek adjudica­ consider taxes, and approprations them­ But government does have a proper ameli­ tion, we hope and trust the matter is not yet selves a.re treated in more than a dozen dif­ orative role to play in areas, such as hous­ closed. ferent bllls annually. All of this means that ing, where the incidence of credit restraint As one straw in the wind, we note that the Federal budget never really gets con­ has been disproportionately heavy. The spe­ Senate Majority Leader Mansfield has asked sidered as a. whole-a. fa.ct which helps ex­ cial burden that has fallen on homebuilding the Supreme Court to forego its usual sum­ plain it ls so often in deficit. should be lightened, as ls the intent of the mer recess, holding itseU ready to decide Fortunately, after many years of advocacy ho1.1Sing aids which the Administration re­ questions affecting Watergate. In alloWing by concerned citizens and legislators, this cently announced. And my personal judg­ Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski to skip the glaring defl.ciency in the congressional ment is that lt would be advisable, too, for usual appellate level and scheduling a July budget process is about to be remedied. Bills government to be prepared, if need be, to ex­ hearing on his subpoena of Oval Office tapes, that would integrate spendlng and trucing pand the roster of public-service jobs. This the Court not only took the major! ty leader's decisions have passed both the House and particular means of easing especially trouble­ advice but expressed its own willingness to the Senate. This is a most encouraging de­ some situations of unemployment will not involve itseU in Watergate proceedings. velopment, a.nd we may confidently expect add permanently to governmental costs. And We are at a bit of a loss to understand the final action soon by the Congress on this in any event, it would conflict much less with Rodino committee's adamant opposition to landmark legislation. basic anti-inflation objectives than would invoking the court. But we have been In­ Procedural ~hanges, however, will mean the conventional alternative of general mon­ creasingly impressed by its general handling little unless the political wlll exists to ex­ etary or fiscal stimulus. A cut in personal of the impeachment probe, and we would be ploit the changes fully. And this can happen income taxes. for instance, would serve to far from surprised if it yet decided to go to only if the American people understand the perpetuate budget deficits. Not only that, court in the face of presidential refusals to nature of the in.fl.a.ti.on we have been ex­ it might prove of little aid to the particular yield more evidence. Surely the committee periencing and demand appropriate action by industrles or localities that are now experi­ can understand that the n~tlon deserves a their elected representatives. encing economic difficulty. Much the same vote on the substance of alleged presidential As you leave this hall today, I w-ge you would be true of a monetary policy that per­ wrongdoings, not on the prerogatives of to give continuing thought and study to the mitted l'apid growth of money and credit. Congress versus the prerogatives of the problem of 1n1latlon. If it persists, it will There is no justification for such fateful Executive. affect your personal lives profoundly. Where steps at this time. The committee's refusal to go to court possible, I urge you to assume a leadership 'In concluding, I would simply repeat my would be easier to understand if It had been role in getting peopl~ everywhere interested central message: there is no easy way out less careful generally, for the quickest ex­ ln understanding inflation and in doing of the inflationary mora.ss into which we planation is that 1t feels it needs the proce­ something about lt. In the great .. town hall" have allowed ourselves to sink through neg­ dural issue to make a case against the Presi- · tradition 1>f America, much ean be accom­ ligence and imperfect vision. But I am con­ dent. The House could find no groµnd.s on plished lf people organize themselves-in fident that we will succeed if the Amert.can which to Impeach Andrew Johnson, for ex­ their offices, trade unions, factories, social people become more alert to the challenge. I ample, until it forced him into an impasse June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18325 on prerogatives. Similarly, we now learn, American people with the financial af­ But a 12-story reinforced concrete when Tammany Hall Democrats impeached fairs of their elected officials, I recently structure, covering 3.2 acres. a garage and removed a threatening New York gov­ made public information with respect to for 72 cars and housing about 700 em­ ernor, the grounds were campaign fund vio­ lations and -refusing to cooperate with the my income during 1973, and the taxes ployees at an estimated cost of $12,253,- impeachment panel. paid by me to the Federal Government 529 may cause some Americans to won­ As we have said before, we think the com­ and to State and local governments. der if we are providing a mission to mittee's demand for further evidence is en­ To augment that information. I am at Japan or if we are planning on turning tirely justified by the ambiguity of the tran­ this time publishing details concerning it into a colony. scripts so far released; we think the Presi­ the assets which Mrs. O'Hara and I The fact that the State Department dent ought to accede or at least ask the have accrued over the years. experts claim that the cost of the new courts to rule and accept the outcome. But Mr. Speaker, my wife and I and our chancery may be paid for through Jap­ it is also true that by demanding more and more the committee can keep the procedural seven children have a home in Utica, anese land deals will also be little solace issue alive forever, regardless of any issue of Mich. We purchased that home in 1958 to the American taxpayer. He may won­ substance. Iii can unilaterally create its own for $17,000, and paid off the mortgage in der why if the State Department is mak­ grounds for impeachment. April 1974. We also have a residence in ing profitable deals on his overseas If the committee allowed the courts to the Washington area which we purchased investment, the money is not returned arbitrate, procedural issues would be grounds in 1967 at a cost of $50,000. The mort­ to the public treasury like a portion of for impeachment only if the President de­ gage balance on this house is $34,348.94. the taxpayers' is. cided to defy both branches. In that case We have two family cars-a 1970 they would be good grounds indeed. But by Some people still remember the lavish allowing the courts to impose limits on its Dodge Dart and a 1972 Dodge Sportsvan State Department complex in India at a demands, the committee would lose the one on which we owe $1,507.09. We have a cost of $6 million, to separate the State option through which it can assure itself of sailboat which we purchased last year for Department personnel who lived like grounds for impeachment. No doubt a fear $1,500. kings from the average poor Indian, and that the substantive case alone will not be In addition, we have $9,296.13 in sav­ then was given to the Indian Govern­ enough is the reason some partisans paint ings in the Congressional Employees Fed­ ment. Some may wonder if this may be the whole idea of adjudicating as something eral Credit Union, and approximately the fate of our new "Empire" State De­ of a Nixon plot. but the committee itself $524.23 in my checking account. I also ought to be above that kind of thinking. partment building in Tokyo, when we There are of course more solid fears about own one share of A.T. & T. stock which Americans are ousted from there. I in­ involving the court, as the discussion nearby presently has a market value of $46.50. sert related news clippings to follow my shows. To rule on evidence, the courts would I am one-third owner of three pieces of remarl{s at this point: have to decide in their own minds what con­ investment real estate which I purchased [From the Washington Post, June 2, 19741 stitutes an impeachable offense. But surely jointly with my brother and a friend. U.S. READIES TOKYO SITE FOR EMBASSY the argument that they cannot do this with­ They are an unimproved lot which we (By Ian Mackenzie) out asserting the power to overrule Congress• acquired for $9,500; a house which we eventual decision strains at gnats and swal­ ToKYo.-The wrecker's ball is tearing the lows elephants. purchased for $6,500 with the intention innards out of the sedate white-walled We also doubt that the Congress really of renovating and then renting it; and chancery of the United States mission in wants to a-rgue that the courts have no place another house for which we paid $15,- central Tokyo to make way for a 12-story because impeachment is a purely political 400 and on which we have a mortgage reinforced concrete structure. matter anyway. It is of course true that pub­ balance of $12,400. The new office building, due for completion lic opinion will eventually be decisive, but Looking toward the future. I am con­ in mid-1976, will be the largest U.S. embassy the public is too sensible to see the impeach­ tributing to the Federal employees re­ building in the world, housing about 700 ment issue as one of prerogatives of the 8 employees now scattered in seven area build­ branches of government. We should think tirement plan into which I now pay per­ ings. that all branches should try to meet the real cent of my congressional salary each year An .embassy pamphlet describes the old issue. which is whether or not the President and in which I have an equity of $37,- chancery and two adjacent apartment build­ is guilty of wrongdoing. 160.05. ings turned into offices as "two story struc­ Obviously a great many people have al­ Mr. Speaker, I am publishing this in­ tures . . . built in an eclectic style with ready made up their minds, both pro and formation, not because of any require­ Oriental, Spanish and American colonial con, on the President's guilt. But there are ment of law or regulation, but solely in overtones." also those of us who find the current evi­ the public interest. In so doing, I recog­ "The exterior was stucco with extensive dence quite ambiguous and a.re interested 1n nize use of wrought iron, copper and decorative trying to establlsh the truth about so serious there are conflicting rights involved. pillars. Inside, many of the walls were pa­ a matter. The truth will not be established On the one hand, there is the right to nelled in American walnut and the floors by impeaching the President for refusing privacy, which, I submit, public officials were primarily of Vermont marble," it adds. subpoenas or citing him for contempt of possess just as much as do private cit­ Whatever the style, the old chancery added Congress. Going to the courts is the best izens. On the other hand, there is the a touch of serenity to a busy corner of Tokyo, route for forcing out the relevant evidence; people's right to know. and many are sad to see it go. Congress• function is to then render its judg­ By releasing our financial information The ambassador's residence, built in the ment on where the truth lies. in this instance, Mrs. O'Hara and I are same style, will remain just behind the new In accepting the Jaworski appeal, the Su­ building. preme Court has moved some way towards giving up some of our right to privacy. A document recovered from the corner­ accepting its part of those tasks, though the But if it hel_ps in a small way to restore stone of the old chancery says the American issues in that case will stlll be far from those public confidence in those who the people mission has been on the same site since that would arise 1n the full context of an elect to represent them, our doing so 1888. impeachment probe. Congress• next step will have served a useful purpose. The land originally was a graveyard when ought to be a suit putting the issue squarely, purchased by Baron Okura in 1888. He even at the risk of giving up sweeping but erected a building on the site for the Amer­ ultimately empty claims of unilateral Juris­ ican minister and in 1889, the Japanese gov­ diction. In deciding whether to take that ernment bought the land from the baron. and course, Congress needs to ask which is more leased it to the American government. important, rhetorically defending its prerog­ STATE DEPARTMENT GOES The original buildings, including the am - atives, or arriving at the truth about Water­ HIGHRISE IN TOKYO bassador's -residence, chancery, office build­ gate. ings and stables, stood until September l, 1923, when they-along with much of the HON. JOHN R. RARICK rest of Tokyo-were destroyed in an earth­ quake. FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF LOUISIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ground was broken for the new building in 1929, a.nd it was completed 1n 1931 at a Thursday, June 6, 1974 cost of $553,005. President Herbert Hoover HON. JAMES G. O'HARA was criticized &t the time for the projected OF :MICHIGAN Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker. a new U.S. cost. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES embassy building in Tokyo may not seem During World War II, the embassy build­ of great importance since all indications Thursday, June 6_, 1974 ing was cared for by the Swiss legation. are that the State Department and for­ But a postwar acquisition by the U.S. gov­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, in the in­ eign aid crowd are running the United ernment has more than covered "the cost ot terests of more fully acquainting the States !or the benefit of foreigners. the new chancery-$12,253,529. 18326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 The allied occupation forces took over the of New Delhi like a sore thumb. And like dogs, American beer, cokes and soft lee cream nearby offices of the South Manchurian Rail­ a sore thumb, it has been an irritant ever and relax in the swimming pool and on the ways Co. in 1945. since it was built. baseball diamond. The U.S. government in turn bought the The south block complex, as it is known The handful of AID staffers and their fami­ brick office building from the Japanese gov­ to AID staff members, was living proof that lies who wlll remain in New Delhi to over­ ernment in 1952 and turned it into an annex the United States owned more of India's see outstanding loans, the large school lunch for the overcrowded embassy. Now the U.S. rupees than was good for either currency. program and a few other extant projects are has sold the annex to a development com­ The decision to build the complex, with being transferred to rented houses or em­ pany. food for peace rupees, was made in 1969, bassy compound apartments. The new chancery, covering 3.2 acres, will when AID had 260 Americans working in In­ Ironically, just as the south block is being consist of a 12-story high-rise tower, a three­ dia and the United States was spending what given up, the U.S. embassy finds itself need­ story rise portion and a basement. It will in­ considered "funny money" on anything it ing at least 20 new apartments for staff mem­ clude a garage for 72 cars, auditorium and could think of, just to get rid of some bers. A 12-unit building was recently com­ C{l.feteria as well as embassy offices. of it. pleted and plans for others are on the draw­ As one AID insider put it, "The way we ing boards. {From the Washington Post, July 16, 1973] were buying and spending in those days would make your hair curl. Anything, any­ U.S. TO END AID PROGRAM IN INDIA body wanted was okay." HEROIN (By Lewis M. Simons) The south block concept fit in perfectly NEW DELHI, July 15.-In the next couple with that kind of mentality. After all, the of days, as soon as Prime Minister Indira reasoning went, India is a hard place for HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN Gandhi gets over a case of flu, U.S. Ambas­ Americans to live in. The weather is misera­ OF NEW YORK sador Daniel Patrick ~oynihan will call on bly hot at least half the year, and all year­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES her and close out an era. round in some parts; You cannot drink the Thursday, June 6, 1974 The ambassador will inform the prime water without boiling it; you cannot buy a minister that the much-maligned U.S. aid steak; outside the big cities there's no place Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am program to India is officially ended, at her to swim, etc., etc. In short, wouldn't it be pleased to join my distinguished col­ government's insistence, after 22 years and nice to have a place where we could get league from New York (Mr. WOLFF) in an expenditure of $10 billion. away from India, even for just a little while. Moynihan will also present Mrs. Gandhi The south block is just such a place, "An introducing a resolution calling upon the with a proposal for disposing of $840 million ostentatious American ghetto, but the best Turkish Government to halt its efforts in Indi':l.n rupees held by the United States damned oasis in the Indian desert" as one at lifting the ban on opium production. as a result of Indian payments for American AID staffer put it. The complex consists of With over 200,000 heroin addicts in grain supplied during the famine years of a clustered six-story building containing 30 the United States, we cannot be com­ the 1960s under the Food for Peace program. roomy two-and three-bedroom apartments; placent in combating this deadly plague. Finally, Moynihan will turn over to the a hotel with 18 double rooms as well as a The critically serious problem of heroin prime minister a $6 million complex of lux­ dining room, cocktail lounge, reception room, addiction calls for immediate and mas­ ury buildings occupied by the U.S. Agency library, four-lane bowling alley and swim­ for International Development (AID) in New ming pool. The whole thing is swathed in sive attention; this crime and health Delhi. The complex was completed just two tinted glass, lined with wall-to-wall carpet­ problem taking its heaviest toll on our years ago. ing, cooled with central air conditioning, young people. So far as the Indians are concerned, the sweetened with piped-in stereo music and Heroin traffic is a lucrative business for most important of the three components of lubricated with pure drinking water right drue- peddlers throughout the world ne­ the package will be Moynihan's proposition from the taps. cessitating international cooperation if regarding the U.S. rupee holdings. In addition to these living and playing we are ever to rid ourselves of this grow­ These rupees are held in the Reserve Bank facilities, the complex has a sprawling, low­ ing scourge. of India and they represent a drain on the slung office block, a giant warehouse and a Indian economy because of the enormous covered garage. These buildings have already The Turkish Government has recently interest the account commands--interest been turned over to India which has in­ indicated that it is considering lifting the that is piling up faster than the rupees stalled members of its science and technology ban on poppy cultivation. Our Nation themselves can possibly be spent. ministry in them. pressed hard for the institution of the The ambassador, who recently returned The rest of the buildings will be turned ban, and expended over $35 million in from consultations with President Nixon, re­ over by the end of September. Such a trans­ assistance to Turkey to provide relief to fuses to reveal details of the plan until he fer was envisaged in 1969. The agreement those poppy growers who were adversely has seen Mrs. Gandhi. He said only that the signed by AID and the Indian government affected by the ban. proposal falls "somewhere between zero and then said India would receive the complex infinity." In other words, it will not insist "when no longer required for the support of Reports from our drug enforcement of­ that the mammoth account remain in the the United States assistance program in ficials indicate that the ban was effective, Indian bank, nor will it write off the entire India." drying up opium trade in Turkey, sub­ matter, as the Indians would like. Barely a year after the construction ended, stantially diminishing heroin traffic here Sources familiar with the proposal say it is Mrs. Gandhi said India had had enough of at home. Prior to the poppy ban, it was a good one, from India's viewpoint and that U.S. AID and the staJI was quickly run down reported that there were over 500,000 lVIrs. Gandhi ls likely to accept it. Her only to its present 12 Americans. heroin addicts in our Nation. The ban, reason for rejecting it, the sources speculate, A major unknown is how the Indian gov­ combined with effective rehabilitation would be political, not economic. ernment is going to cope with the huge cost The prime minister and members of her and expertise needed to run the modern com­ programs, reduced this figure to 200,000 government periodically trot out the "rupee plex. Electricity alone costs $67,000 a year. over the past 2 years. problem" when they want to accuse the Total annual operating costs are $160,000. We cannot quarrel with that kind of United States of worming its way into the An American engineer who just completed success. We must forcefully convince the Indian economy. But the United States may an overall inspection of the plumbing and Turkish Government that we are com­ not spend any of its rupee holdings without water purification plant told AID staffers he mitted to ending the drug plague in our India's express consent. expected the whole system would cease func­ tioning in six months after the Indians take own Nation and need their cooperation Moynihan hopes his plan will be the first in doing so. Accordingly, our resolution important step toward putting Indian-Amer­ over. ican relations on a normal nation-to-nation Cyril Peters, an Indian national who has calls upon our diplomatic leaders to step basis. been manager of the complex since its com­ up negotiations with Turkey, urging that As much an ideological variants and mili­ pletion, says it will take even less time. nation to subsist in any further poppy tary alliances, the donor-debtor relationship "The government won't be able to run it," cultivation. ha.s helped sour India on the United States said Peters. "I'd hate to see it three months If we are unsuccessful in our negotia­ and vice versa. after they move in. Under my management, tions, we must certainly take action in The prime minister's attitude makes clear everyone does whatever is required of him. The government will have to worry about the form of cutting off U.S. assistance to that there is no point to the old kind of re­ internal Turkey. While I am reluctant lationship for either side. Knowing this, Moy­ caste. Higher caste people won't help with nihan is eager to clear the decks before his low-level jobs. It will be a mess." to impose upon the policies of another stewardship moves into full gear. The end of the south block complex does country, opium growth in other nations He views the transfer of the U.S. AID com­ not mean that the American community in threatens the lives of all Americans. plex of buildings to the government of In­ New Delhi will no longer have a refuge from Without wholehearted global cooperation dia as symbolizing an end to one era and India. we solely cannot prevent the onslaught the start of another. There is still the American Community of the drug epidemic. The collection of white brick buildings Support Association, where Americans can Accordingly, I am pleased that so many sticks up from the desert on the south edge taste such joys of home as hamburgers, hot of our Members have joined in this im- June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18327 portant effort. A bipartisan majority of reclamation as required 1n the bill, is maximum possible loss which could re­ House Members, including a majority of neither physically nor economically f ea­ sult from no spoil on steep slopes has Foreign Affairs Committee members, sible in a given area. Until such proof been set at 16 million tons, while the have joined us in sponsoring this legisla­ is provided, it is assumed that all areas maximum probable loss is set at 4 mil­ tion. Such an impressive deluge of sup­ may be open to surface mining for coal. lion tons, both regarding 1975. In the port from the Congress, should help our Indeed, it is quite conceivable that no case of estimated losses from the return negotiators to forcefully convey to the State will choose to so designate areas, to approximate original contour provi­ Turkish Government that we do, indeed, even after setting up the required plan­ sions, the comparable figures are 26.9 mean business, and that we will not drag ning process. This provision in the bill million tons and 3.5 million tons respec­ our feet in combating the plague of drug is entirely discretionary, both as to State tively. Now, even if the two highest esti­ addiction in the United States. The se­ and Federal lands. The actual designa­ mates are totaled-16 plus 26.9-it is riousness of the heroin problem cries out tion of State areas as unsuitable for difficult to comprehend how the immedi­ for an exhaustive effort at containment. surface mining must be triggered by ate annual loss in production of 67 mil­ We must remain firm in our commitment persons who come forward with docu­ lion tons was reached by the Federal to stamping out the deadly flow of drug mented evidence as to the character of Energy Office. traffic. Wherever it may emanate and the land involved and the feasibility of Considering that some of the assump­ whoever it may involve. reclamation. Mr. Sawhill's conjuring up tions underlying estimates are highly a "nationwide ban on new mining," with questionable, there is all the more reason coal production losses upwards to 350 to doubt the validity of these Federal En­ SCARE TACTICS ON STRIP MINE million tons per year by 1985, makes ergy Office allegations. BILL sense only to those who choose to misin­ For example, one assumption is that terpret the whole intent of the bill. for maximum possible losses due the Second. Prohibition of mining in na­ steep slope requirements, all projected HON. PATSY T. MINK tional forests-section 209. coal production from slopes of 20 degrees OF HAWAII Mr. Sawhill's statement that the fore­ or more would be lost. In other words, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES closu:rn of the surface mining of coal on is assumed that under the steep slope national forests lands will eliminate 15 provisions of the bill, no coal surface Thursday, June 6, 1974 percent of the Nation's recoverable sur­ mining would be feasible. This assump­ Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, on May 29, face minable reserves is grossly over­ tion is not supportable. As the commit­ John C. Sawhill, Administrator of the stated. It is particularly so because he tee report for H.R. 11500 makes clear in Federal Energy Office directed a letter to has provided no indication of what pro­ considerable detail (p. 102), experience Representative CRAIG HOSMER in which he portion of the 7 billion tons of coal re­ with surface mine operators in both has distorted the impact and the purpose serves underlying national forest lands Pennsylvania a-nd West Virginia shows of H.R. 11500, the Surface Mining Con­ are recoverable by deep mining meth­ conclusively that new techniques such trol and Reclamation Act of 1973. This ods. The Bureau of Mines' analysis sim­ as the "haulback" method or the "modi­ bill, reported out of the Committee on ply states that: fied block cut" method are being devel­ Interior and Insular Affairs on May 30, Prohibition of surface mining on national oped successfully to restore the site to has been endorsed by both the United forests would sterilize some 7 billion tons of the approximate original contour on Mine Workers of America and the Wall reserves, an amount that must be recog­ steep slopes by retaining the spoil on the Street Journal. nized as having a sizeable impact on the bench. Mr. Sawhill is trying to scuttle H.R. total near surface, easily minable reserves. A study conducted jointly by two con­ 11500 with a completely unsubstantiated To proceed from that general state­ sulting firms, Mathematica, Princeton, charge that "it would seriously cut exist­ ment to the Sawhill claim that 15 per­ N.J., and Ford, Bacon & David, New York, ing coal production and also remove vast cent of the Nation's recoverable surface N.Y., for the Kentucky Department of amounts of coal reserves from future mine reserves of coal would be pre­ Natural Resources and Environmental production." I have carefully examined cluded by this section is to strain one's Protection and for the Appalachian the various points at issue raised in Mr. credulity. In another example of his Regional Commission, and published last Sawhill's letter, comparing them with the cavalier treatment of facts, the Admin­ January, concluded that: final report of the Bureau of Mines istrator goes on to state that: Complete contour restoration methods are which analyzes the possible and probable We cannot, within any reasonable degree generally desirable and feasible using exist­ effects of H.R. 11500 on coal production of accuracy, at this time calculate the effect ing equipment, and also that such methods through 1980, and I must say, Mr. on immediate production. a.re roughly comparable in profitabillty to Speaker, that I can find little or no justi­ existing conventional contour methods and fication for such a statement. On the con­ This statement, while implying the ef­ can be practiced using existing equipment. trary, it would appear that Mr. Sawhill fect might be severe, actually ignores the There is thus every reason to believe was chosen to serve-perhaps unwit­ committee's excepting from the national that as long as the market for coal is tingly-as a spokesman for industrial forest lands ban all existing operations, strong from all indications-and this is groups which have decided that strong or those having substantial legal and fi­ bound to be the case-the industry can effective Federal-state regulation of coal nancial commitments as of September 1, and will find ways of producing coal surface mining cannot be tolerated. 1973. All such operations would continue within the limitations established in the Let me review the points raised in under the bill; therefore there would be bill for steep slopes. Mr. Sawhill's letter. no decrease in coal production from this Regardless of all this, Federal Energy First. Designation of areas unsuitable category. Office has chosen to adopt the "maximum for surface coal mining--section 206. Third. Approximately original contour possible loss" figure predicated on a total Mr. Sawhill's notion that a nationwide and steep slope provisions-section 211. shutdown of surface mining on steep ban on the surface mining of coal is im­ The figures presented by Mr. Sawhill slopes. Nor does he attempt to explain plied by the bill, constitutes a complete for estimated coal production losses due in what matter it was concluded that misreading of the section which requires to certain provisions restricting the surface mine operators, despite the evi­ States to establish a planning process placement of spoil on steep slopes and dence to the contrary which is readily enabling objective decisions as to which requiring return of the mine site to its available in Pennsylvania and West Vir­ areas of land-if any-are unsuited for approximate original contour, upon com­ ginia, will be unable to adapt to these all or certain types of surface coal min­ parison with the Bw·eau of Mines analy.. requirements in the bill. ing operations. It should be clear from sis reveal a further disregard for reality. Until he comes forth with data which any reasonable interpretation of the Up to 2.5 billion tons of coal would be refutes the conclusions of the mathema­ language of this section that the plan­ permanently lost to mining, with an tica study and minesite evidence in the ning process within a State would be immediate annual loss in production of Appalachian Mountains, Mr. Sawhill's based on the premise that areas must be up to 67 million tons, according to the estimates of coal production losses in designated unsuitable for surface min­ Federal Energy Office Administrator. these two categories will not be taken ing only if they are demonstrably not Referring to tables in the Bureau of seriously by those who value truth. reclaimable. The burden of proof is upon Mines analysis on which this assertion Fourth. Minimize hydrologic balance the petitioner in each case to show that appears tll be based, it seems that the disturbance-section 211. 18328 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 The statement that provisions in the erence right method which returns no rev­ of the Teamster, the official publication bill requiring minimization of disturb­ enue to the lessor (Federal Government) of the Teamsters Union. I believe it is ance to the hydrologic balance on the be.sides the $10 filing charge. amazingly appropriate to current events, minesite and on surrounding areas will In view of the vast tonnages of coal in light of the fact that it was written mean "19 million tons per year of near contained in these leases, and the mini­ half a century ago, and I call it to the term production could be precluded, and scule payments which the Department attention of our colleagues. The item 12.5 billion tons of coal could be pre­ of Interior requires, it appears highly reads as follows: cluded from future mining" also appears unlikely that surface mine operators will WILL TEAPOT DOME PROBE BE BLOCKED BY to have no foundation in fact whatso­ abandon their lucrative operations sim­ ANCIENT TRICK? ever. The Bureau of Mines analysis con­ ply because the bill requires that they The expected has happened--0ut from no­ fines itself to commenting that these dicker with the surface owner for his where comes the news that "the people are provisions in the bill are too general but consent before stripping the coal. Cer­ weary of Teapot Dome." made no estimate of losses of coal pro­ tainly, if surface owners elsewhere in When a probe gets "hot"; when it strikes duction which might theoretically re­ pay dirt, then the cry is heard, "The people the Nation-with the melancholy excep­ are tired of the mess; let us stop; this hurts sult. How Mr. Sawhill arrived at that tion of Kentucky-enjoy the right of government." horrendous loss of 12.5 billion tons of consent prior to entry upon their land The rogues in high places do not think of coal is a complete mystery. for surface mining of coal, there is no government until they fear exposure. Fifth. Federal lands-section 225. justification for withholding that same The daily press quotes one well-known Another tenuous assumption underlies right from the owner of land acquired steel manufacturer thl:1-t "Teapot Dome is the estimate of 20 million tons lost under a Federal patent. hurting business." through the supposed moratorium on This manufacturer, who sold defective Seventh. Subsidence from Under­ armor plate to the government, does not ex­ new surface mining starts on Federal ground Mining-Section 212. plain how publicity of wrong can injure lands and on Indian lands. Mr. Saw­ The only way to characterize the Fed­ business. hill's presumed 12- to 18-month mora­ era.I Energy Office estimate of 100 mil­ The people are merely told tha.t it does. torium is a dubious assumption at best lion tons of coal production to be lost No reason is given. They are expected to take because of the 2-year leadtime which from 1977 onward because of the bill's up the cry. is generally required for starting up the provisions for controlling surface sub­ They are supposed to believe that their large operations which are the rule on jobs will be affected, or that the public will sidence from underground coal mining is spend less money if a. group of brave sena­ Federal and Indian lands. The existing that it is a complete stab in the dark. tors expose crookedness, graft, purchased in­ backlog of orders for large equipment is Under the bill no regulations or require­ fluence and private exploitation of natural well-known in the industry-and is, in ments would come into effect for 2 years resources. fact, the inspiration for a provision after date of enactment, pending the To be classed with the "somebodies" of the which the committee inserted into the outcome of a study to be conducted by moment is to repeat, parrot-like, a weariness bill which would allow exceptions to the the Secretary of Interior. It would ap­ of congressional probes. approximate original contour and spoil pear that the Federal Energy Office has In the circle affected, ridicule and bore­ dom is quite the proper attitude today. placement provisions during the interim made no effort to assess what type of This is carried along by the waterboys of period, in cases where there is a docu­ regulations might result, nor what prob­ privilege-its press, its moralists, its editorial mented lack of appropriate equipment. able impact might be had by those regu­ writers, its cartoonists, its movie films, its There is no indication as to how either lations on the productive cap·acity of devotees, its secret agents and its open de­ Mr. Sawhill or the Bureau of Mines ar­ the underground coal mining industry. fenders. rived at their respective estimates of the Once again, Mr. Speaker, how can we In time a hostile public atmosphere is cre­ outcome of this hypothetical moratorium take such estimates seriously? How can ated. The populace unconsciously accepts on new surface mines on Federal and this cheap cynicism, this disloyalty to coun­ we be expected to accept these specious try, and the champions of the people are Indian lands. It is therefore difficult to predictions of coal production losses, or shoved aside while the thieves escape with know how much credence should be ac­ accept the unspoken implication that all the loot. corded this nebulous prediction. over America the lights, the air-condi­ This is the psychology that privilege is now Sixth. Protection of the surface own­ tioners, and the TV sets will begin going attempting to "put over" on the people. The er-section 710. off if this bill is enacted? There are trick has been worked time and again. According to the Sawhill letter, be­ scare tactics, pure and simple. They The present situation recalls this state­ should be dismissed as being of little ment by a magazine writer, several years ago: tween 14 and 18 billion tons of federally "Every time I have followed the crooked owned coal could be precluded where the consequence. politician it has led me to the back door of surface ownership is non-Federal. Which Instead, I would urge my colleagues to a respectable business man." figure you prefer depends on whether heed the sensible and sane admonitions Organized labor insists on the widest pub­ you lean toward the Department of the of Business Week magazine, which in licity and the most complete probe where Interior or toward the National Coal As­ its issue of May 25 offered the following it is hinted that wrong exists. sociation, representing as they do the full calm appraisal of H.R. 11500: This policy injures no honest man and it amount of coal reserves underlying non­ Environmentalists oppose the strip mining strengthens our government. Federal lands and in Federal ownership. bill reported last week by the House Interior Publicity will not harm honest business, Committee because they think it ls too per­ though stock jugglers, exploiters of the peo­ Again. there appears to be no way of ple's resources and "sure-thing" :financiers verifying these estimates. No discernible missive. The coal companies oppose it be­ cause they think it is too tough. Actually, may be affected. attempt has been made to determine it ls a sensible compromise between two con­ No man will eat less food, or build less what proportion of the surface mine filcting national interests-the need to pro­ houses, or harvest less wheat, or manufac­ operators who are prepared to dig coal duce fuel at a reasonable price and the need ture less shoes because thieves in high places on these highly productive lands would to preserve the environment. The House have been uncovered. gain the surface owner's consent, as re­ should adopt it, and a. conference committee quired by the bill, or what proportion should reconcile it with a blll already passed would relinquish their Federal coal leases by the Senate to give the Nation its first rather than pay what might be neces­ effective regulation of a practice that is INTEGRATION: WE MUST CONTINUE sary to get that consent. chewing up 12,000 acres of land a week." The economic priorities report pub­ lished recently by the Council on· Eco­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL nomic Priorities-a study of public and WATERGATE DEJ.A VU OF NEW YORK Indian coal leasing in the West-has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this illuminating review of the costs HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Thursday, June 6, 1974 involved. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the 20th 247 of the 474 leases have been issued by OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anniversary of Brown against Board of the Department (of Interior) at competitive Education has inspired widespread lease sales, but 171 of those were granted Thursday, June 6, 1974 without competition since one or no bid­ awareness of just how much and how lit-· ders appeared. The average winning bid at Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ tie progress we have made in the past two these 171 lease sales was only $2.87 an acre. er, I recently came across an article decades. Many Southern schools are now Another 210 leases were granted by the pref- which appeared in the April 1924 edition desegregated. Many Northern ones are June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18329 now all-black. We continue to strive to­ and situated in a neighborhood domi­ basis and from year to year. Regular ward true integration: the way is hard, nated by low-income public housing. The teachers stay with their classes in read· and has been getting harder recently, students of both schools are character­ ing labs, and 71 percent of the faculty but we cannot turn back from our goal. ized by high mobility, low mastery of are assigned to classrooms. As the following radio editorial by New basic skills, and a wide range of motiva­ In school B there is no school wide plan York's WWRL indicates, segregation tional levels. In addition, both are title I for the teaching of reading and no ad­ threatens the long-run viability of this schools. These two schools were selected ministrative leadership to that end. Reg­ society: for the study because one shows a mark­ ular teachers do not stay in reading labs AND WE KNOW WE Do edly higher level of reading achievement with their students and thus have less Twenty years after the famous U.S. Su­ over the other year after year despite the familiarity with their total per!ormance. preme Court decision which opened the way close parallels in student body composi­ Only 59 percent of the faculty have reg­ to desegregation of the nation's public tion and neighborhood demography. ular classroom assignments. schools, segregation is now a growing fact The high achieving school, identified Despite higher pupil/teacher ratios of life in New York and other northern cities. This sad truth is pointed up by Dr. Kenneth only as school A, has an enrollment that and similar instructional resources, B. Clark, Distinguished Professor of Psy­ is 98 percent black and Hispanic, 99 per­ school A is characterized by good staff chology at City College of the City Univer­ cent eligible for free lunch, a pupil/ morale, effective leadership, good com­ sity of New York. Dr. Clark said that segrega­ teacher ratio of 33/1, and a school utiliza­ munity relations, almost no violence, and tion in such public schools is greater today tion of 103 percent. School B-with a a minimum of discipline problems. than it was in 1954. consistent record of low reading achieve­ School B is described as having low He writes (in an article in the New York ment on standardized tests-is 88 percent teacher morale, more vandalism, fragile Times) that segregation does irreparable black and Hispanic, and has 90 percent of ties to the community, constant student damage to human beings. It dehumanizes black and other minority-group youngsters its students receiving free lunches, a 76- fights and parent-teacher confronta­ by making them feel rejected and stig­ percent utilization of plant, and a 28/1 tions, and is characterized by "divisive­ matized. It creates deep feelings of guilt student-teacher ratio. ness, disorder, and disillusionment." within white children. A panel of experienced New York City Not surprisingly, interviews with As Dr. Clark puts it, we cannot uEe the educators from various universities and teachers revealed that those in school B excuse of the Germans in World War II who academic disciplines was chosen for the are pessimistic about their impact on claimed not to know about their extermina­ review. In their 2%-month study they their students, and those in school A, tion camps. We know what we're doing. We must turn ourselves around and face found many additional parallels between while not entertaining remarkably high­ up to the fact that segregation damages us the two schools. Techniques of teaching er expectations for their students, ex­ all-black or white-and it must be faced reading were similar, both had equal ac­ press less skepticism than those in up to. cess to the same teaching resources, and school B. teacher competency seemed fairly equiv­ At the end of the investigation pe­ alent. Teachers in both schools had prob­ riod, 90 children were selected from the TIME FOR A FRESH LOOK AT 01..TR lems teaching reading, and in fact, the 2d, 4th, and 6th grades of each school for SCHOOLS panel found a rather general lack of informal textbook reading tests to ascer­ knowledge about effective reading teach­ tain functional reading levels. Despite all ing in a cross-section of the staffs of both the similarities in student ~ackgrounds, HON. HERMAN BADILLO schools. teachers and teaching techniques, phys­ OF NEW YORK To ascertain the relative success of one ical plant, instructional resources, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school over the other, the panel had to neighborhood makeup, the panel found look further. They found that school A that 40 percent of the students in school Thursday, June 6, 1974 has a principal who has been there 12 A read at or above grade level compared Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, it has be­ years and who has not only selected three to 20 percent for school B. School A also come fashionable in certain academic assistant principals with strong elemen­ has a lower percentage of its pupils read­ circles to disparage inner-city schools tary education backgrounds for his staff, ing 2 or more years below grade level. and to dismiss out of hand the education but has also assigned overall responsibil­ These findings bore out the results of the of the poor as an exericse in futility. I ity for reading improvement in the school State's pupil evaluation program and refer not only to such putative authori­ to one of them. The panel found a stable city metropolitan achievement tests ties as Coleman and Jencks but also, re­ atmosphere in the school, with low teach­ which had also placed school A con­ grettably, to colleagues in the House who er turnover and only one teacher griev­ sistently higher than school B and pro­ were once in the vanguard of the Federal ance filed in 12 years. Parents are wel­ vided a major reason for 'i,he selection of drive for equal educational opportunity come in the school and have a special the two for further analysis. but have now raised their voices for an room set aside for their use. Residents of The implications of this report cannot end to compensatory instruction for chil­ the neighborhood studying for high be ignored. To quote from its own con­ dren with learning disadvantages. school equivalency also have a separate cluding summary: It is my view that these skeptics are room. Interviews in the community as­ This study has demonstrated that schools reacting prematurely to spurious evi­ certained that parents are generally sat­ with comparable student populations and dence drawn from less than adequate isfied with the job the school is doing. resources can produce students with signifi­ documentation. It is one thing to find no And teachers expressed satisfaction with cantly different reading skills. This finding gains in achievement after several years demonstrates that although nonschool fac­ the teaching atmosphere and general tors cannot be ignored, school factors can be of injection of title I funds into a school, working conditions. much more significant than generaily and quite another thing to find out why School B on the other hand has a acknowledged. The stress on nonschool fac­ there is no improvement and what can be principal of short tenure and an admin­ tors too often leads to a justification for done. istrative staff drawn from secondary failure which then leads educators to act as A recent study of two New York City schools. There is no parents' room and 1f the children cannot learn, which in turn elementary schools by the Office of Edu­ little community involvement. There is produces the atmosphere in which the chil­ cation Performance Review, an investi­ also noticeably more vandalism as evi­ dren in fact do not learn. gative arm of the New York State Legis­ denced by broken windows. In 1 month The last sentence is crucial and, in lature, has convinced me that there are alone, 11 teacher grievances were filed. fact, describes what all too often hap­ approaches to educational evaluation be­ Unlike school A, teachers are generally pens in the inner-city schools in a cycli­ ing overlooked which could lead to new unhappy teaching in school B and com­ cal progress that foreordains so many conclusions about the educability of the plain of the violence and new discipline urban children to failure in school and children of the poor. The study results problems which divert much of their diminution of their potential for success­ are embodied in a report entitled "School Factors Influencing Reading energy. ful endeavor in the larger society. Achievement: A Case Study of Two In­ More significantly, school A has spe­ I believe that the New York State Of­ ner City Schools." cial classes for learning problems, in­ fice of Education Performance Review For the study, two ghetto schools were service classes in reading techniques for has done a signal service with this in­ chosen, each with more than 50 percent teachers, a schoolwide reading plan, and vestigation and report. It holds out spe­ of its students from families on AFDC sequential reading materials on a daily cial promise for those of us who are 18330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 1, 1974 concerned over the generally poor per­ point up the urgent need for restoration above all for what he was as a human formance of our metropolitan school. In of civil rights in that corner of the world. being; as a kindly and gentle and gen­ New York City, for example, only about With this in mind, I warmly endorse erous friend. We miss him, and extend one-third of all elementary and second­ a unanimous resolution of the New York deepest sympathy to his wife Nellie and ary students are reading at or above City Council calling upon the United son Daniel. grade level. That would be a discourag­ Nations to: ing statistic but for the fact that the (1) Request the Government of Great scores turned slightly upward this past Britain to cease and desist its barbaric prac­ year for the first time in nearly a decade tice of force-feeding Irish political prisoners; of decline. Clearly, despair and retreat (2) Of keeping them confined in in­ REMARKS OF CONGRESS:MAN are not called for, as they never are stitutions far removed from their homes, con­ CRANE FOR AMA CONVENTION trary to recognized practices and rules of ANAHEIM, CALIF. when the education of our young people civilized society; is the issue. (3) To restore civil rights to its minori­ The National Center for Health Sta­ ties in north-east Ireland and particularly HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT tistics recently reported that tests con­ the writ of habeas corpus; OF CALIFORNIA ducted with 6, 768 youngsters from 1966 ( 4) To restore the right of its minority IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to 1970 reveal that there are 1 million to be openly confronted by their accusers; Americans in the 12 to 17 age bracket ( 5) To restore trial by jury; Thursday., June 6, 1974 (6) To inquire into the prison conditions who cannot read at the fourth-grade in England and Northern Ireland and par­ Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, my level. Minorities and children of the poor ticularly the women's prisons in both coun­ colleague from lliinois, Congressman stand generally lower in achievement, but tries; PHIL CRANE, on December 5, 1973, ad­ the Center found illiteracy extending (7) To require the Government of Great dressed the American Medical Associa­ through all strata of our society, includ­ Britain to immediately release all political tion convention, morning session of the ing children from families with more internees and prisoners whether in Northern House of Delegates, Anaheim, Calif. than $15,000 income annually. Ireland or Great Britain. Mr. Speaker, because this address by The time has come to find out why I further believe that the time has my colleague (Mr. CRANE) was a culmi­ our schools are failing, and put those come for the House to act on House Res­ nation of long discussions that had oc­ lessons to work. The New York City olution 766, which expresses the sense of cured within the framework of the Amer­ study shows that one factor-strong ad­ this body that- ican Medical Association and has subse­ ministrative leadership and pla.nning­ The Irish people ought to be permitted to quently triggered other events of i:iterest can prove to be a major difference in the exercise the right of national self-determi­ to this body, I felt that my colleagues performance of students in a school nation, thus returning the disputed six coun­ would wish to be aware of these com­ comparable in every observable way with ties to the Irish Republic, unless a clear ments regarding the Professional Stand­ a school lacking such superintendency majority of all the people of Ireland, in a ards Review Organizations. and establishing a record of consistently free and open plebiscite, determine to the As a result of our colleague, Mr. low achievement. contrary. CRANE'S speech to the American Medical The U.S. Office of Education has begun Association, the position recommended evaluating its programs under a congres­ IN MEMORY OF CHESTER E. by Mr. CRANE has been sustained by the sional mandate to do so, but its findings MERROW Association of American Physicians and are tentative and incomplete to date. I Surgeons, which has filed suit to have the am therefore turning over the New York PSRO law declared unconstitutional. report to USOE, with an urgent request HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI A substantial number of practicing for an assimilation of its techniques and OF WISCONSIN physicians and other professional people departures for more meaningful and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the medical field have been most useful evaluation of Federal programs in Thursday, June 6, 1974 interested in the general concepts de­ the Nation's schools. veloped in Mr. CRANE'S remarks: Schools can and do make a difference. Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, one of SPEECH BY CONGRESSMAN PHILIP CRANE Teachers' job satisfaction, parents' re­ my truest privileges in my years in Con­ Thank you very much Dr. Shields ... I gard for their school, and childrens' will­ gress has been to serve as a friend and deem it a great privilege to have this op­ ingness to participate in the school were colleague of Chester E. Merrow. portunity to come before you today in this all measures of the relative effectiveness Chet was already a well-established capacity. I am one of a number of members of the two New York schools studied. and respected Member of the House when who were instrumental in getting Dr. Heard Other conclusions, including the need I came to this body as a freshman 1n the to come to Washington to talk to us. He gave of his time and energy at our request to for intensive training for the teaching of 8lst Congress. After I was appointed to present an evaluation of how we in Ccngress reading, deserve the scrutiny of the ed­ the Foreign Affairs Committee, my as­ might most effectively deal with the ques­ ucational community. sociation with and admiration for him tion of the possibility of repeal of the Pro­ No reasonable person in this country grew. fessional Standards Review Organizations. wants t.o see the schools fail. There is Merrow brought to Congress the quiet PASSAGE OF PSRO no acceptable reason that they should. humor of a New Englander and the close I think, to give you a. brief history of the Though money helps in certain ways, the attention t.o facts of a good. school­ House action, it's 1mportant for you to know emphasis must be taken off evaluating teacher, which he was before entering that the House hadn't the vaguest idea. of whether Federal funds have an impact politics. As a senior Republican on the what it voted on when the PSRO legislation' by themselves. It is what happens within Foreign Affairs Committee, he was an went through the House. We did not intro­ the classroom and emanates from the outstanding practitioner of bipartisan­ duce it in the House. It was introduced in the Senate and ta.eked onto a. complex, administrative policies of the school that ship in foreign affairs. lengthy social security bill. The Senate bas in the end determines how much its stu­ His accomplishments in this field are no rules with respect to germaneness. This dents learn. There is a valuable lesson notable. He was a delegate to the United clearly would have been ruled a. non-ger­ here if we will but put it to use. Nations international conference on edu­ mane amendment to that legislation had it cational and cultural relations in London been introduced in the House. This was the in 1945. He was a congressional adviser deceptive way PSRO slipped through and I NORTHERN IRELAND RESOLUTION to the 1946 UNESCO conference in Paris can assure you that probably 90 % of the members of the United States Congress to­ and a member of the U.S. delegation to day haven't the fuzziest idea what a PSRO HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO UNESCO from 1946 to 1949. He was a is. They don't understand the concept-they OP NEW YORK major contributor on our committee in don't even know tha.t they cast a vote on it. shaping economic development assist.. SIGNATURES ON PETITION FOR REPEAL OF PSRO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance legislation. He is particularly well Thursday, June 6, 1974 I say that advisedly because I had the op­ remembered for his effective support of portunity to talk to any number of my col­ Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. the United Nations and peaceful solu­ leagues on the subject in attempting to Speaker, the recent tragedies and general tions to lntematlonal problems. recruit signatures on that letter that we unrest tn Northem Ireland continue to Mr. Speaker, I remember Chet Merrow sent to you. I'm confident I could have pro-· June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18331 duced, as Dr. Shields indicated, easily a lnm­ we have done without government interven­ know a lot of physicians after that decided dred signatures on that letter, based on the tion in medicine in this country and what it was hopeless to fight the Federal leviathan principle involved in this issue, if members they have done with varying degrees of gov­ on principle, that "pragmatism" or "realism" had had the chance to evaluate the merits ernment intrusion in the delivery of health dictated attempting to control and direct or demerits of PSROs. However, in talking care in countries that have gone that path, from within as the only chance of preserving to members I asked them first the question, our performance is without peer. This is not a semblance of private practice. But one "Do you know what a PSRO is?" If they to suggest that we are without problems. must be careful when he succumbs to this answered in the negative, I didn't proceed But we are closing the gap on those prob­ reasoning that he does not give away more any further. Secondly, those who indicated lems more effectively under our approach than he has to. In looking over some of the some vague understanding, but uncertainty than are countries which have turned to recommendations that you've come up with, as to where their constituents in the medical government for solutions. Getting in bed the first one says, "at this time--and this is profession stood, I said, "Don't sign this until with people in my profession is the most substantiated by ranking members of the you talk to your physicians back home." One disastrous possible course you can take. As House Ways and Means Committee-at­ of the ways I've managed to achieve some physicians, I know you are committed to tempts to repeal PSRO would be fruitless." degree of credibility with my colleagues is providing the best possible health care, and Let me assure you first that the Ways and by attempting conscientiously to avoid get­ certainly as a potential patient, I have a Means Committee is not the exclusive com­ ting them into a situation where they may vested interest. mittee to talk to on this. Secondly, there is have .political problems back home. I think PRINCIPLES INVOLVED potentially a whale of a lot of support in it's important for you to know as well that But beyond that, I have a vested interest in that Congress for outright repeal. Thirdly, there are a number of bills that have been certain overriding principles that are at stake what support is not there is primarily the dropped in the hopper in the House calling in this great battle. Those principles don't result of a lack of understanding of what's for the outright repeal of PSRO by members touch physicians alone because there is vir­ happened, and that even includes members whose names were not on the letters. Fur­ tually no business or profession today that of the Ways and Means Committee. As a ther, there are members on the other side Congressman, I'm telling you that this is not of the aisle who have indicated their opposi­ is not under the threat of governmental in­ tervention. We have a collective fight on our a lost battle. Moreover there is no reason why tion to PSROs, but whose names do not you cannot explore a variety of options appear. The only one of those whom I talked hands, gentlemen, and that fight is not confined to the battles that preoccupy your simultaneously. They are not mutually ex­ to personally as I was leaving the floor was clusive. You don't have to give up the effort Congressman Rarick. This was because John attention today. That's just a part of it. But that, too, is a part of my reason for being to repeal only because you think a more has been in the vanguard of this fight from likely alternative is to attempt to clean up a the beginning, submitted the first repeal bill, here. My work involves battles across the broad spectrum of all our business-profes­ bad law. In addition to this you can at the and has the greatest number of co-sponsors same time contemplate working for repeal on his bill. sional interests in the effort to preserve a free society. And it is for that reason, perhaps through the court.s. I would certainly be MY OWN CONCERN ABOUT PSRO far more than any other, that I am here with willing to stand beside any physician or any Now let me briefly explain some of my you today. association of physicians that refuses to reasons for concern. First of all, as Dr. OBJECTIONS TO PSRO comply with this law on the grounds that Shields noted, I come from a family of phy­ Now it seems to me in talking to physi­ it does violence to the ethics of the medical sicians. I was the black sheep, having gone cians that there is no one who will defend profession. into the history profession, because I had the concept of PSRO in principle. The ob· PRINCIPLES AT STAKE too many sympathetic pains to suffer the jections to PSROs are abundantly plain to It is important for all of us to keep in rigors of medical school. But on the other you, but there are two critical ones that mind, as I said earlier, that there are precious hand, I do have an appreciation of what strike me as overriding. One is the idea that principles at stake here. I was the only mem­ the American medical practice is all about you can have laymen impinging their judg­ ber who testified before the Ways and Means and I think I have probably as great a ments on the best professional judgment of Committee in opposition to any govern­ respect for it as any member you'll find in mental intrusion in the so-called health care the Congress of the United States. physicians. ESTEEM OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION field. I was the only member. And at the MY CONCERN ABOUT OTHER PROPOSED MEDICAL time I testified, the man chairing the com­ LEGISLATION Do you really think that the average pa­ mittee, Mr. Burleson, observed that this was As some of you know, I have not co-spon­ tient in this country is going to repose greater certainly a "novel" point of view, that it had sored your particular legislative alternative confidence in government or in bureauc­ never been presented to that committee. I to Senator Kennedy's National Health Insur­ racy than he will in his physician? I can got into all the alleged shortcomings of ance Bill. When I was approached to be a co­ guarantee you he won't. You're in a unique health care here in the United States and sponsor of that legislation, I indicated that position. The recent Gallup poll, as you . pointed out that when you make compari­ I would not because in my judgment it did que position. The recent Gallup poll, as you sons with other countries, you'll see we're not best serve the interest of American medi· know, revealed the fact--out time and time closing the gap on the remaining problems cine. I still hold that point of view. I have again-that the physician is the most re­ we have faster through free medicine than not co-sponsored the administration's ap­ spected man in our society. By contrast, the any other countries that have opted in favor proach; I have not co-sponsored the health people in my profession have just slipped of socialized medicine and that any effort to industry's approach; I have not co-sponsored below the used car salesman. The used car suggest we have a health care "crisis" in the hospital association approach. By pro­ salesman is at least providing a service in the America is pure hokum. private sector. I would raise the question ducing an alternative, you have given away NOT MUTUALLY EXCLU:SIVE POSITIONS half the battle at the outset. And I can't put as to how much positive good people in my enough emphasis on that point. With re­ profession are doing for anyone. And I don't But to go on here With another recom­ spect to PSRO, the question is one of options mean because we're consciously malicious. mendation, it's suggested that a position of available to you people in the medical pro­ We fall into the category Justice Brandeis non-participation would tend to make Asso­ fession. described in the Olmstead case when he said, ciation efforts to seek amendments to PSRO "Americans should be most on guard against or to modify similar regulations, similarly NO HEALTH CARE CRISIS fruitless. That is absolutely not true. If any­ In debating, the worst approach you can encroachments against their liberties when government's intentions are beneficient ... thing, the more vigorous the opposition, the take is to concede your opponent's premise. greater the Willingness of politicians to seek In my judgment, that's what the adminis­ when its policies are initiated by men of zeal, well-intentioned but without under­ a compromise. You can go on record as a na­ tration has done, that's what the medical tional body, condemning on principle what profession has done, the health insurance standing." That's precisely the situation we're in today with respect to PSROs. you know in your hearts to be wrong and people have done it, hospital associations simultaneously work for other alternatives have done it. You have implicitly accepted INVASION OF PRIVACY behind the scenes in the event we can't win Kennedy's analysis of the problem; viz., that Now in addition to this, the potentials for on the question of outright repeal. This is a there is, indeed, a health care crisis in Amer­ inva.sion of patients' privacy is a clear viola­ part of what I mean about these positions ica. Your response to this claim is you have tion of the Hippocratic Oath and your pro­ not being mutually exclusive. a better approach to deal with that alleged fessional ethics. In the Ellsberg case, burglars crisis. I totally reject the premise and I EFFECT ON OTHER HEALTH LEGISLATION had to break into a psychiatrist's office to get Another position stated here says that would be more than happy to spend any files. With this law the bureaucrats can sim­ time with you back in your home states de­ "noncompliance or non-participation would ply walk into a psychiatrist's offir~ and re­ also weaken Association efforts to affect other fending my position. I think the evidence is view any patient's records. I can bssure you abundantly available to one and all to prove pending and future health legislation." the point, that we have the best medical that if you brought this point home to poli­ Again, I would differ. In fact it indicates a care here in the United States of any com­ ticians, you've got a sensitive issue for get­ lack of understanding of how the political parable country or collection of countries ting politicians to understand the inadvis­ ability of this legislation. process works. Each one of you has input. in the world. And I don't care if you want And if you don't think you have input on the to get into the discussion of infant mortality PRAGMATIC APPROACH politicians, I can guarantee you, you have rates, maldistributlon of doctors, doctor­ I can understand why you've taken some input on their constituents. If Senator Ken­ patient ratios, medical costs, what-have­ of the actions you have. I fought the battle nedy attempts to ride that hobby horse of you. If you make a comparison because what with you in '65 on the Medicare question. I national health insurance into the White 18332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·June _1, 1974 House, he's not going to make his major us believes that there are principles involved the Natural Resources Council indicating thrust until 1975. It's a. ]><>lltical issue and I in this issue that -are worth defending. And that the environmental impact will be don't think any one of us should be deceived there are members down there who wlll go very destructive and will destroy valuable about that point. In the meantime, between to bat for you. Even if you don't come out for now and 197.5, you have an opportunity col­ repeal, I and a number of my colleagues wlll and irreplaceable wildllfe habitats while lectively to taJk individually to patients. Pa­ continue to wage the battle because patients not producing a significant amount of tients are voters. And if you alert them to are going to be concerned about this, even energy-an estimated 1 percent of New the danger, then you can generate a massive if the physicians will not lead the fight. Sec­ England's total electricity supply. Hope­ political ~uence. Another statement claimS ondly: Speak up to your patients. Get the fully, the environmental impact state­ that "Repeal of PSRO would leave the medi­ patients involved in this battle. You com­ ment along with the additional study cal profession still subject to other legislative mand their respect and they trust you. Let made possible by today's appropriation controls which already exist, perhaps more your impact be felt. Thirdly: Influence your will set the record straight and provide distasteful." Well, to be sure, that's a possi­ local politicians. Don't necessarily depend bility, upon speaking as a voice from the House of a factual basis whereby we can then Delegates. Communicate individually with decide on the feasibility of constructing COMPLl'.ANCE DESTROYS YOUR PROFESSION Dickey-Lincoln. I commend to my col­ But let me just tell you one other thing. your own Representatives and Senators. If we are going to draw the battle lines on Speaking to us personally does have political leagues the Natural Resources Council's principle-and in my judgment, that's how effect. And fourthly: As Abraham Lincoln article which follows: said, "Let us have faith that right makes they should be drawn-the best way calcu­ THE NATIONAL RESOURCES COUNCIL CASE might." I mean, we've got to have faith in lated to permit the government intrusion AGAINST DICKEY-LINCOLN free institutions and we've got to be willing that could ultimately destroy your profes· Since 1968 the Natural Resources Council slon, 1s to get compliance. If you draw the to stand up and be counted on the side that we know to be right. We must be aware has opposed the flooding of the Upper St. battle lines on the basis of the professional John River for the purpose of producing elec­ judgment of the physician versus the gun of compromises with evil. As Pope said: "Vice is a. creature of such frightful mien, that tricity. Once again the Dickey-Lincoln HydYo_ that's being pointed at his head by govern­ electric project is being proposed and again ment, and I can assure you beyond that, to be hated means but to be seen; but seen too oft, familiar with her face, we first en­ we are opposed to it because our studies show that once they identify the politicans as that it will be environmentally very destn1c­ the enemy, the politicians will back off in a dure, then pity, then embrace." I would hope and pray, gentlemen, that you wlll not be tive, will destroy valuable and irreplaceable hurry. This kind of legislation cannot sur­ wildlife habitats, will not produce a signifi­ vive without your consent and your com­ guilty of t hat and I would hope and pray that we might join in a common effort here in cant amount of energy, will be an economic pliance. It's a total impossibility. This ts boondoggle, and will destroy a valuable re­ m01·e "foot-in-the-door" legislation as you behalf of private practice. We may not win all of our objectives, but if you come out newable forest resource. In short, the NRC know. The supporters of Medicare back in believes that the proposed Dickey-Lincoln 1965 were candid enough to acknowledge forthrightly in behalf of right principles, you've got the opposition on the defensive project to be an 111 conceived and unjustifi­ that it was foot-in-the-door legislation ulti­ able waste of Maine's valuable natural re- mately for a government take-over of the immediately. We may have to settle for some­ thing less than what we want. But a position sources. medical field. And I submit to you t hat thiS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT is just another part of it. of principled opposition to government inter­ vention gives us the best political leverage If the Dickey-Lincoln project were ever RECOMME N DATIONS in terms of dealing with people who view completed it would flood and permanently I have probably exceeded my time con­ politics as the art of compromise. You don't destroy 88,600 acres of Maine's wilderness straints but let me, if I may, continue fo:r start with a half-way house position to begin forest lands with the Dickey dam and an ad­ just a couple more moments to pass on some your negotiations unless you're prepared to ditional 2,200 acres with the smaller Lincoln recommendations. One: Don't despair. I lose your position altogether. Finally, I would dam. An addit ional area would be destroyed think the most pernicious doctrine in Wash­ only remind you of a quotation by Woodrow by the transmission line right-of-way which ington today, and I see it in business associ­ Wilson, who was a student of history before would traverse at least 150 miles of this ations, I see it in the professional a.gsocia­ being elected President. Wilson made the highly productive and scenic wilderness por­ tions, is a certain feeling of despair over observation that the history of liberty is a. tion of our state. The total area flooded the inevitability of legislation. Well, that history of limitation of governmental would be substantially larger than Moose­ doctrine of inevitability is the rankest super­ power-never the increase of it. "When we head Lake but would not even begin to ap­ stition that Karl Marx ever advanced. I had resist concentration of power," Wilson said, proach the environmental value of Moose­ a student who came up to me some years ago "we are resisting the powers of death. For the head. The level of this new lake will rise and when I was teaching, and he said, "Dr. Crane, destruction of human liberty has ever been fall 40 feet every year and sometimes will I believe in your philosophy and your prin­ preceded by concentration of governmental drop 4 feet a day. This fluctuation would an­ ciples and your values and your ideals, bu1i power." nually produce a. useless set of mud flats of let's face it, the United States is finished. I thank you gentlemen. 33,600 acres after the lake has been drawn Western civilization is down the drain. We're down for energy production. The lake would inevitably moving on to some kind of bland be full only during the spring shortly after socialism. So, in effect, why fight it; ea.t the snow has melted. In 1955, the Federal In­ drink and be merry for tomorrow we die." ter-Agency Committee recommended that-­ And I said, "Young man, I can appreciate THE NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL because of its "unique upland wilderness your feelings because a.t one point in my CASE AGAINST DICKEY-LINCOLN character, its outstanding scenic and geolog­ undergraduate career I almost bought that ical features, mountain pea.ks, lakes, forest vicious concept. But think for a moment, and marshlands"-the reach of the upper St. if you and I refuse to give in and we fight. HON. JAMES C. CLEVELAND John River Basin should be set a.side to pre­ And in turn we win two converts each to­ serve the unspoiled wilderness character of morrow and in turn we enjoin them to win OF NEW HAMPSHIRE the Great Maine Woods. The construction of two converts each. Before long we'd be a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dickey-Lincoln in the middle of these woods would result in a level of intrusion and eco­ majority. And if a majority of Americans Thursday, June 6, 1974 believe as we believe then can you tell me logical disturbance throughout the entire that the United States is finished and west­ Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, today's region that would forever destroy its wil­ ern civilization is down the drain?" He said, House vote on public works appropria­ derness quality. .. I never thought of it that way." I added, tions included an expenditure of $800,000 In addition to all the :flooding, the De­ "You have been removed from the battle for preconstruction planning for the boulie Mountain region's outstanding scenic because you bought a false premise. And that and recreational attributes would be defaced is the doctrine of inevitability. And because Dickey-Lincoln hydroelectric project in to provide concrete aggregate and facing you did, you have been as effectively removed northern Maine. This appropriation, stone for the dams. Actually, construction from the battle as if they had put you up which includes $150,000 for preparation would have to take place not only a.t the two against the wall and blown your brains out. of the environmental impact statement dam sites, but also at five other sites where But they managed to do it more economi­ required by NEPA, represents an effort dikes would have to be built at the headwa­ cally, they saved a bullet, because they did to examine the project further in light of ters of other watersheds such as the Allagash it with a false Idea." recent arguments citing significant Wilderness Waterway. Now, gentlemen, I'm telling you there are changes in favor of construction. Wll.DLIFE HABITATS good ideas and right principles and if you The NRC is also opposed to the destruction people, who are inost immediately affected, While I am not yet convinced that con­ of one of Maine's :finest and most productive will not be in the vanguard of :fighting for struction is warranted, I did support wildlife habitats. If this project were ever those principles, then to be sure, we may lose appropriating this $800,000 in order to completed, Maine fishermen, in addition to the battle in Washington; it will simply be a provide some badly needed facts, not the having lost about 57 miles of the St. John, matter of time. They'll take us salamt-style­ least of which involve the very serious would also lose some of the best brook trout a. slice today and a slice tomorrow and a slice environmental concerns. A good case in :fishing streams in the ea.stem United States, the next day. But I think that everyone of point is the following article prepared by including 23 miles of the Big Black River, 25 June 7, 1974 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 18333 miles of the Little Black, 7 miles of the Poc­ Lin09ln School to pre!e1·ence customers and the truth. The B/ C ratio of 2.6 cited for wock, 4 miles of the Chimenticook, and 65 none will be sQld to private utilities." · Dickey-Lincoln has literally nothing to do miles o! other less well-known streams. Thus, 33% of the 1.1 billion ~w hours gen­ with the benefits derived from it or, more Hunters would lose 17,600 acres of deer erated by Dickey-Lincoln would be essen­ surprisingly, the cost of building it. yard, supporting 2200 white-tailed deer, a tially base loaded for Maine. The remaining Here is how that number (B/C) is derived. population that could support up to 30,000 66 % would be peaking power for New Eng­ First, it is clear that the dams will generate hunter-days each year. In addition, abOut land. All the power would be distributed to electricity of some economic value. What is 2800 acres of duck-breeding habitat and some public authorities. Consumers served by the "the value of that electricity (i.e. what are the of the best woodlands producing warblers private utilities would receive no benefits. benefits)? The answer, according to the Fed­ and woodland birds would be lost. In the The two Dickey-Lincoln dams would pro­ eral prescription, is found by going to the past, this part of the Maine woods has served vide about 1.1 billlon kilowatt-hours of elec­ alternative private project that would be as a wildlife reservoir from which other areas tricity per year. For reference, New England's needed to exactly simulate the electrical out­ have been re-populated-by moose, for exam­ electricity consumption in 1972 was 64 bil­ put of Dickey-Lincoln. Thus a private project ple. The area is also an important black bear lion Kw hours. In 1980, if the present trends composed of gas turbines and oil fired power habitat. continue, consumption will be about 100 bil­ plants is imagined which would, 1) pay Fed­ ENERGY lion Kw hours. Thus, if the project were to eral and local taxes, 2) borrow at an interest The primary justification for this pro­ be completed by 1980, it would contribute rate of 8% %, and 3) be based on plants sepa­ posed giant dam-840 feet high and 9,260 about 1 % of supply. By 1990, assuming the rately located in Maine and southern New feet long-is that it will be an important same growth rates, it would supply % % of England. The current price of that power source of cheap electric energy. The facts, supply. Clearly, Dickey-Lincoln could not ( $44 million) -as determined by the Federal, however, demonstrate that this is not true. make any substantive contribution to New Power Commission by a formula which no · Even by Maine standards, Dickey-Lincoln England's electricity supply. one seems to know or understand-con­ wlll produce only an insignificant amount of Although Dickey-Lincoln would have a stitutes 96 % of the benefits of Dickey­ energy !or Maine and New England. negligible effect on electricity supply, it could Lincoln. There are additional $2.1 mlllion First of all it needs to be understood that in fact somewhat alleviate the peak demands worth of annual benefits derived from flood the project will be ·producing mostly peaking on New England with its power. As now control (.1 % of all benefits), redevelopment power for only a few hours each day such as proposed, 725 MW of Dickey-Lincoln would (1.7 % of benefits) and recreation (a dubious in the early evening hours when there is the supply about 690 million Kw hours of peaking 2.7 % of benefits). Thus total benefits (an­ greatest demand for electric power. In con­ electricity per year. This means about 2% nual) amount to $4:6.5 million. trast to this is the atomic Maine Yankee hours of operation per day ( or as they say Strangely enough, the costs ot Dickey­ plant at Wiscasset and the Central Maine this 725 MW would have a plant !actor of Lincoln are not in any way related to the Power Company's new oil-fired plant on 11 % 2% /24). Typically, 20% of installed cost of building the project. To determine Cousins Island in Yarmouth. Dickey would capacity has been for peaking. By 1983 it is the cost (for the B/C ratio only) the Corps produce less than 25% of the capacity of estimated there wlll be 35,000 MW of in­ estimates the current cost of building the these plants individually and both of them stalled capacity. Thus 20 % of this would be project and then determines the annual in_­ are capable of operating 24 hours a day. about 7000 MW of peaking power. Conse­ come needed to pay back an Imaginary 3 %, % Secondly, using the numbers game, pro­ quently, Dickey-Lincoln could supply about loan over 100 years for constructing it. How­ ponents imply that Dickey-Lincoln would 10% of needed peaking capacity. The need ever, the Corps deletes from the construction have made "all the difference" in the energy for this peaking capacity and alternative costs $60 million of transmission costs (a.bout crisis. They cite the 1.1 blllion kw-hr per sources has already been discussed above. 12 % of total costs) because it thinks that year electrical output, which sounds like a In summary, Dickey-Lincoln would supply the private utillties may let them use the lot until you realize that a small oil fired lines from Maine to Boston. These purely plant supplemented with some gas turbine about 1 % of New England's energy need by 1980 and only % % by 1990. We believe that imaginary pay back costs amount to $17.7 peaking generators would produce the same million per year, and when divided into $46.5 electrical output as Dickey-Lincoln's two burden of destruction which Maine would bear does not justify this insignificant con­ :million above yield a B/C ratio of 2.6. dams. Whether Dickey's peaking power is Now, several points need to be made. First, needed at all depends on other peaking fa­ tribution to New England's electricity supply. the Corps would actually build the dams at cillties already built or which are planned an interest rate of 5 and % %, to be paid to be built such as hydro pumped storage ECONOMICS back over 50 years. The 3%, % interest rate is systems. There are alternatives to pea.king . An evaluation of this project requires an a totally academic exercise, a fiction author­ power plants, such as peak demand pricing examination of the complex economics of ized by the Congress to make pork barrel which would tend to reduce pea.ks, and thus the project. How much will it cost? The trou­ projects look attractive. According to the eliminate the need. Boston Edison is also ble here is that there are today only propo­ Corps, the actual annual costs of paying back considering new storage systems including nents who tend to understate the costs and the loan would amount to $35.6 mlllion, in­ batteries, compressed air underground, and opponents who probably overstate them. The cluding full transmission costs. This would fuel cells for peaking. · following have made the following estimates,' yield a B/C ratio of only 1.3. At an interest Another important problem arises if New Rep. T. P. O'Neill, Jr.: $500 mlllion; Sen. Wil­ rate of 6 and 'Vs% the B/C ratio drops to· England peaks are materially broadened by liam Hatha.way (D. Maine, a proponent): 1.1. And at the going market rate of_8 and peak demand pricing. This is likely to occur $273 million; Boston Edison: $1 blllion; and % %, annual pay back costs rise to $50 mil­ to alleviate the needs for expensive peaking the Corps of Engineers: $356 mlllion. The lion and the B/C ratio drops to .95. Taking units. It is a goal of both consumer and en­ Corps estimate neglects about $50 mill1on in into account the lost taxes that would other­ vironmental groups to force rate structures transmission lines and in:flation. If costs wise be paid by the utilities would~drop the to reflect the costs of supplying additional inflate at a modest 6% per year then the B/ C ratio even further. energy and demand. If as a result of revised project cost would double in ten yea.rs when It is clearly misleading to cite Dickey­ rate schedules the demands are broadened, it is possible it might be completed. Cost Lincoln as any kind of a yardstick against then Dickey-Lincoln will become less im­ could then be as high as $800 m1111on. cur­ which to compare New Englan~ utilities. portant because it can operate only 2% hours rently the cost estimates appear to vary What does a yardstick mean in this case? per day (due to inadequate flow of water in by 300%. Dickey-Lincoln shows a B/C greater than 1· the St. John River). Cycling units, operating For the amount of money involved the only if money is given away at less than its a larger fraction of the week, will then as­ amount of electricity supplied is small. This true value and if the taxes paid by the utm-· sume a larger fraction of the generating load. fact is the principal problem with Dickey­ ties are used against it. (We have not yet At the moment of course no one knows what Lincoln: it just isn't going to make any begun to calculate the environmental costs will happen to demand because of higher fllel difference in supply. As a consequence, even not quantified or included in any of the B/ C costs a.nd energy conservation measures. if the electricity were free, it couldn't reduce calculations.) Looking at the proposal generally one sees prices by more than about 1 % (recall that FOREST RESOURCES that the Dickey-Lincoln project would con­ peaking power electricity costs more than sist of two dams. One of 760,000 Kw capacity Maine's forest provides the state with an off-peak power). According to the Corps of economic backbone which is threatened by at Dickey; one of 70,000 Kw at Lincoln Engineers annual savings to New Englanders School. Thus, total capacity would be 830,000 development pressures. The value of this would amount to $11 billion. Since last year continuously renewable resource will con­ Kw. New Englanders paid about $1.7 billion for According to the Zinder Report on NE elec­ tinue to increase 1! it is not unreasonably electricity, one can see that the reduction disturbed. The NRC believes that the Dlckey­ tricity supply: "The power from Dickey-Lin­ would amount to only .6 % , a very small coln School will be marketed by the Depart­ Lincoln project would be a major and un- ment of Interior. The plan is to sell 105 MW amount. 1'easonable disruption of Maine's :forest re­ at 50 % capacity factor to preference custom­ In fact, the economics of Dickey-Lincoln, sources. ers, municipals and REA cooperatives in are the most commonly misrepresented and The forest lands to be flooded are currently Maine, and the remaining 725 MW at peak­ misunderstood feature of the Dickey-Lincoln owned by private land holder's and several ing power to preference customers through­ project. In particular, the Benefit/Cost ratio large corporations. Sixty-one percent is in out New England. Agreement has been is generally (mis) understood to somehow private ownership and 39% is in corporate reached by the Department of Interior to represent the ratio of economic return to ownership. In addition, this state owns market essentially all the output of Dickey- investment. Nothing could be further from 2867.11 acres of the land through its publio CX:X:--1156-Part 14 18334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 lots. The Dickey-Lincoln project would for­ Additional sources include individuals who ever remove from forest production at least were interviewed by the author. That when government takes-by tax­ 70,000 acres which a.re currently growing The Natural Resources Council offices are ation or erosion of purchasing power­ timber. It would adver,:;ely effect the produc­ located at 20 Willow Street in Augusta, one man to bestow upon another, it di­ tion on thousands of additional acres. Cur­ Maine. The NRC has a special committee minishes the incentive of the first, the rently, a.n average acre of productive forest which will continue to study the Dickey­ integrity of the second, and the auton­ land adds about $200 yearly to Maine's econ­ Lincoln project. omy of both, is not a theory. It too, is a omy. Using the conservative figures of 70,- 000 acres at $200 produces a negative eco­ fact. nomic impact to Maine's economy of $14,- Adam Smith's teachings contributed 000,000 yearly. These figures do not include much to the thought of the framers of the additional acreage taken out of produc­ THE 250TH BffiTHDAY OF ADAM our own system of government. Smith tion by the transmission lines, roads, con­ SMITH: THE TRUE LIBERTARIAN shared the constitutionally limited gov­ struction, and the generating facilities. Nor ernment instincts reflected in 1776. He does it even begin to consider the forest area HON. JACK F. KEMP argued strongly for liberty. He cam­ which will be lost to the development which paigned hard for freedom to trade. And tho project would attract. OF NEW YORK his voice was heard. Constitutional gov­ One of the most important elements of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Maine's unique enviroment is its forest and ernment in its modern sense was born as ,especially its wild forest. Dickey-Lincoln Thursday, June 6, 1974 a concomitant of the free market ecor. would be a major set back to our forest at Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the true omy. a time when they are explosively increasing lover of liberty loves freedom for its own Would he not be distressed, if he knew in their economic and recreational value. sake, whereas he who supports freedom what course this Nation of ours is fol­ STATE CONTROL only because it will have consequences lowing today in its economic, fiscal, and The Dickey-Lincoln project is a federal of which he approves is not so com­ monetary policies-policies designed and project. Because of this the NRC wrote to mitted. Adam Smith was the "true liber­ executed for the moment, not for the Senator William D. Hathaway on March 21, tarian." strength of our future? 1974, posing this following issue: To Adam Smith, political liberty was We should-we must-heed Adam "We are obviously very concerned about Smith's teachings, for it is an adage as the environmental impact of every major in­ as important as economic liberty; in dustrial development within the State of fact, he believed they were indivisible. old as man's study of history that the Maine. You are obviously well aware that It is no coincidence that the world's quickest way to destroy a free society Maine has several licensing laws which are two greatest "libertarian" documents is to destroy its money first. intended to reduce the impact of industrial were published in 1776-Thomas Jeffer­ Mr. Speaker, Adam Smith was also a development and to make it as compatible as son's Declaration of Independence and professor of moral philosophy at the Uni­ possible with the environment. These state Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. versity of Glasgow in Scotland. laws a.re considered to be of a. landmark na­ The world remembers him as the auth­ ture nationally. In particular, Maine's Site Mr. Speaker, today marks the birth­ date-June 5, 1974---of that great cham­ or of "The Wealth of Nations." Because Location Law, which ls administered by the of the fame justly accorded that classic, Department of Environmental Protection, pion of economic truths. and the laws creating the Land Use Regula­ In an age-like ours-when the funda­ few remember that Smith was also the tion Commission have particular relevance mentals of economic laws are being sub-­ author of an earlier book, "The Theory to the Dickey-Lincoln proposal in that the sumed to apparent political expediencies, of Moral Sentiments." dam construction, genera.ting facilities and it is important to note both the life of In his biography of Adam Smith, Dr. flooded areas, if permitted to be built, will be this great Scottish economist and moral E.G. West writes that: in LURC's jurisdiction as will also be some philosopher and the profound teachings If The Wealth of Nations had never been of the transmission facilities. In the orga­ written, this previous work would have nized areas of the state the transmission which he gave to the world. It is indeed earned for him a prominent place in intel­ facilities will be covered by the Site Loca­ ironic that the principles he espoused lectual history. tion Law. We would like to know if your and which led to such great progress for office and other Congressional members plan so many are today held in such low West explains that: to provide for Maine's right to review the esteem. It behooves us to better under­ In The Wealth of Nations (Smith) deals Dickey-Lincoln proposals at the proper time stand those principles of freedom. primarily with the strong motives; in The in terms of our state laws or do you propose It would be in error to call Adam Moral Sentiments with the higher ones. What to have the project completely pre-empted is it, he asks in the latter work, that prompts from state review through the federal pre­ Smith the "father of free market eco­ ordinary people to be benevolent as well as emption clause of the U.S. Constitution. It nomics." Quite to the contrary, Smith self-interested? To be virtuous as well as would appear that since Maine will be bear­ rtever held himself out as a theorizer of mundane? To be humane as well as human? ing the major impact of this project if it a new school of economics. He was-and ls ever completed then we should have a with great force of intellect-simply re­ West also explains why Karl Marx's major say in how extensive that impact is." vealing economic truths which emerged interpretations of Adam Smith were a On April 1, 1974 Senator Hathaway from his extensive studies of the his­ "serious misrepresentation." And, answered our inquiry by stating: tories of nations and civilizations. "whereas Karl Marx was later to admon­ "I would like to assure you that the project That the market economy-allocating ish Smithian capitalism for causing will be subject to all of the provisions of resources by the free play of supply and people to lose their identities in the pur­ State law that apply to the project. In addi­ demand-is the single economic system suit of wealth, it was Smith's claim that tion the Corps of Engineers will have to pre­ it was only within its province that men pare an acceptable environmental impact compatible with the requirements of per­ sonal freedom is not a theory. It is a fact. could successfully discover themselves." statement." Mr. Speaker, I hope we will heed the It is, therefore, not clear as to whether That the market economy is at the the residents of Maine and their state gov­ same time the most productive supplier lessons of history and advance forward ernment agencies would have any control of human needs is not a theory. It is a on the principles of liberty, economic and over the project. fact that the only real way to raise the political, as taught to us by both Adam It also needs to be noted that there have standard of living of the people is to Smith and Thomas Jefferson. been any public hearings concerning this increase the amount of capital invested project in the state which would have to per capita, thus leading to better tools absorb the negative impact and resulting and more productivity and the result-­ costs. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS SOURCES higher real wages. It is a fact. This paper was prepared by NRC's staff That when government interferes with attorney and executive director, Clifford H. the work of the free market economy, it Goodall. The NRC is Maine's largest private tends to reduce the moral and physical HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH environmental organization. Sources of in­ strength of the Nation, is not theory. It OF NEW JERSEY formation for this paper include the NRC's is fact. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That when monopolistic, unfair re­ library; A Study of the Dickey-Lincoln Hydro­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 electric Project by Rosemary H. Manning for straints on trade go unchecked by con­ the Sierra Club, New England Chapter; and sumer choice, it leads to destructive eco­ Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I am today material supplied by "The Friends of nomic concentration, is not a theory. It placing in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the the St. John", 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. is a fact. results of a questionnaire which was June 7, 1914 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18335 mailed to my 11th District constituents FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN AND His most outstanding literary contribu­ in late March of this year. The results MRS. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN tion was "War. Peace, and the Presi­ are based on approximately 20,000 re­ A, TAX INFORMATION dency," which was published in 1968. plies from every community in the 11th Congressional salary______$42, 500 Since then, Henry Paolucci has been Congressional District of New Jersey. Adjusted. gross income including expressing his timely views through his Details of the returns follow: salary, law practice, interest and monthly newsletter. entitled ''State of the dividends ------51, 461 10,681 Nation." It has been through his work (In percent) Federal income taxes ______State income taxes______1,242 on this publication that Hem·y Paolucci has gained national prominence and ac­ Unde· B. UNSECURED INDEBTEDNESS claim for his uncanny prophecies about Yes No cided None. the great issues which confront this Na­ C, SECURITIES-VALUE JUNE l, 1974 tion today. One prime example has been l. Extending the President's authority Burlington Industries (132 shares)- 2, 904 to impose wage and rrice con· Dr. Paolucci's views on our present pm:­ trols beyond their Apri 30, 1974, Carrier Corporation (114 shares)--- 1, 254 suit of detente with the Soviet. The con­ expiration date? ••• -----········· 43. 3 42.1 14. 6 Commonwealth Edison Co. (bonds) - 25, 000 cern and caution he raised back in 1969 2. A constitutional amendment to pro· First National Bank of Joliet (965 hibit abortion? •••••••••••••••••• 23. 5 68. 6 7 9 represented a mere voice in the wilder­ 3. The President's impeachment (i.e., · shares) ------53, 480 ness, yet today his views are shared by to bring to trial before the Senate) Illinois Securities Co. (350 shares)-- 17, 500 by the House of Representatives?. 57. 7 32. O 10. 3 Keystone Fund (128 shares)------384 many responsible Americans who have 4. Increasing the $750 tax exemption Marcor (20 shares)------500 grown apprehensive and alarmed at the rate? •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 86. 8 7. 7 5 5 5. Termination of tax benefits to the oil · Niagara Mohawk Power Co. (30 problems which have ensued with industry such as the depletion shares) ------300 detente. allowance? ••••••••••••••••••••• 75. 7 14. 2 10. 1 Pan American World Airways ( 40 6. Imposition of export controls on Professor Paolucci, as he is also known, scarce agricultural commodities shares) ------160 is actively involved in the Walter Bage­ such as wheat in order to hold D. OTHER BUSINESS ENTITIES WITH SERVICE AS hot Council on National Sovereignty, an down prices for Americans? •••••• 87. 2 7. 9 4. 9 MANAGER, DIRECTOR OR PARTNER 7. Stiffer antitrust laws to limit owner· organization which he founded and is ship of multiple energy resources Partner in law firm of O'Brien, Garrison, dedicated to scholal'ly resea1·ch, lectur­ (for example oil companies own· Berard & Kusta., Joliet, Ill. with no ing, and publishing to the end of secur­ ing coal, oil shale, and geothermal practice in Federal courts or before Federal power sources)? ••••••••••••••••• 81. i 11. 7 6. 7 ing our Nation's sovereign values. 8. A Government corporation to develop agencies). Personally, I have known Henry Pao­ and produce energy resources in E. REIMBURSEMENT FOR EXPENDITURES (O'EHER , competition with the private oil THAN FROM U.S. GOVERNMENT) EXCEEDING lucci to be a warm and loyal friend. He companies? ______53. O , 36. O 11. 0 is a man both knowledgeable in his views 9. Federal operating subsidies for the $1,000 Nation's mass transit systems? •••• 69. 1 21. 1 9. 8 Republican National Congressional and steadfast in his convictions. He is not 10. Relaxing auto emission standards and afraid to articulate unpopular views, and pollution controls in view of the Committee ( contribution made to present enerfiy situation? ••••••••• 42. 0 48. 0 10. 0 all Republican first-term Congress- throughout his career he has been able men for public relations expenses) $3, 000 to command the highest levels of respect 11. A R~!i~~:J ~~a 8th~~~~~~n~r~r::ei~ ~ social security and covering vir· F. OTHER FINANCIAL REPORTS and acclaim from all those who deal with tually an medical bills?.. ••••••••• 68. 9 21. 5 9. 6 Report of financial interests filed with Clerk him, whether they agree with him or not. 12. Financing Federal political campaigns He is a true intellectual, who has never with public tax funds rather than of the House pursuant to rule XLIV for private contributors? ••••••••••••• 52. 1 33. 7 14. 2 the House of Representatives for each lost grips with the views of the common 13. Continuation of year round daylight year. man. saving time? •••••••••••••••••••• 51. 5 34. 7 13. 8 The Flushing Conservative Club in TRIBUTE TO DR. HENRY PAOLUCCI, awarding Henry Paolucci their prestig­ The 11th Congressional Distl'ict in­ "MAN OF THE YEAR" ious Man of the Year award described cludes the following municipalities. Henry Paolucci as all should know him: Belleville, Bloomfield, Caldwell, Cedar An inspil'ing lecturer, teacher, and writer, Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Irvington, HON. MARIO BIAGGI author of hundreds of articles and books on Maplewood, Montclair. every subject from ancient history, to the his­ North Caldwell, Nutley, Orange, Rose­ OF NEW YORK tory of science, philosophy, government and land,, South Orange, Upper Montclair, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES political affairs-a sel! effacing helper to all Verona, West Caldwell, West Orange. Thursday, June 6, 1974 who call upon him. Professor Paolucci serves as a constant model to us an. But especially North Arlington, Little Falls, West Mr. BIAGGI. Ml'. Speaker, on June 14, as a. truly dedicated American. He readily Paterson, and Hillside. an esteemed friend and colleague, Dr. deserves our friendship and affectionate re­ Henry Paolucci, vice chairman of the spect. New York State Conservative Party, will Mr. Speaker, there is little I can add be awarded the distinguished "Man of to that tribute except to say that it is in­ FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF CON· the Year Award" by the Flushing Con­ deed a high privilege for me to have a GRESSMAN AND MRS. GEORGE M. servative Club. It is a :fitting honor to man the caliber of Dr. Paolucci as a O'BRIEN this great man, and I will have the dis­ friend. I wish him continued success in tinct honor of being the honorary chair­ the coming-years. man of this event. At this time, I would HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN like to pay a special tribute to the dis· OF ILLINOIS tinguished career and work of Dr. Henry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Paolucci. ELECTION REFORM AND THE POST When we speak of Henry Paolucci, we CARD REGISTRATION BILL Thursday, June 6, 1974 are referring to one of the foremost Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, while I spokesmen for the ideals of conservatism have serious concerns about protection in this Nation. Henry Paolucci has dedi­ HON. JOHN B.ANDERSON of the individual against invasion cated much of his life to the New York OF ILLINOIS of privacy, the times in which we live State Conservative Party, and his most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dictate that those who seek election to significant contribution came in 1964 public office must disclose information when he rnn under the Conservative Thursday, June 6, 1974 about their personal finances or be sub­ banner for the U.S. Senate. His articu­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. ject to criticism, if not mistrust. late manner and wealth of knowledge on Speaker, in a recent newsletter to his Therefore, Mr. Speaker, further imple· issues made him one of the most memo­ constituents, our colleague from New menting the action taken by the House rable candidates for public office in the York (Mr. HORTON) was precisely on tar­ in requiring its Members to report history of New York State. get when he referred to the pest card sources of income to the Committee on Yet, Henry Paolucci's work has ex­ registration bill as having been "devel­ Standards of Official Conduct, I include tended far beyond the campaign arena. oped with the best of intentions, but not the following additional information on He has ably served the Conservative rooted in reason or fact." Congressman the finances of my wife and myself: cause as a lecturer, teacher, and author. HORTON. goes on to recite in very concise 18336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 and convincing terms the reasons that ticipation in State and local elections be­ its prpyisions carefully. I hope, too, that many of us felt strongly compelled to op­ cause some voters believe themselves to be they .recognize the firm determination of pose that measure: it would have re­ registered for both elections. There is also ample evidence that election the -Congress in fully implementing the sulted in an administrative nightmare; fraud will be made easier under a postcard provisions of the resolution. it would have encouraged an increase in system because there are not adequate checks The statement follows: election fraud at a time when we are within the system to determine if a voter SAIGON, June 4.-The US Mission spokes­ desperately trying to clean up the elec­ has registered in another area. In fa.ct with man issued the following statement today. tion process; and it may well have led millions of postcards circulating through The delegations of the United States and to a decline rather than an increase in the mails, it is easy to see how election fraud the Republic of Vietnam to the Four Party voter turnout--thus undermining the could be accomplished. Joint Military Team (FPJMT) met today at very goal purported by the bill. A brief check oif the handful of areas· the FPJMT's regularly scheduled plenary ses­ Mr. Speaker, especially at this time around the country which have already em­ sion. The DRV and PRO delegations were not braced the postcard registration system re­ at the. meeting. We have no indication when when the siren call of "reform" fills these veals little evidence that the money and they plan to return, but we earnestly hope it Chambers, it is important that our ac­ effort spent in organizing the system has had will be very soon. tions be tempered with a firm sense of any discernible effect on increasing the per­ The sole function of the FPJMT is to pro­ realism and a prudent ability to distin­ centage of voters. In fact, it can do just the vide a forum for the Four Parties to help guish between the ~rappings of reform opposite. The experience with postcard regis­ each other get information on the missing and the substance of constructive tration in Los Angeles, Philadelphia., Wash­ in action and to locate, care for, and assist change. Our colleague from New York ington, Hawaii, Montana. and Minnesota. re­ in the return of the remains of the dead. has displayed this ability time and again veals that as many as one-third of the post­ These responsibilities provided for in Ar­ cards returned a.re illegible or incomplete. 'ticle 8(b} of the Paris Accords are humani­ in the past, most ·recently in his ap­ There is reason to be concerned that only tarian and not political. The obligation to proach to the post card bill. I therefore 55 percent of those old enough to vote did, carry them out is unconditional and is in include the full text of his newsletter at in fa.ct, do so in 1972. There is simply no evi­ no way linked to any of the other provisions this point in the RECORD: dence, however, that this costly, confusing, of the Accords. POST CARD REGISTRATION: A r:'AULTY ANSWER and disorganized plan is the way to increase The United States and the Republic of TO ELECTION REFORM voter participation. We do want to make Vietnam feel compelled to continue their ef­ (By Congressman FRANK HORTON) voter registration as simple as possible. Many forts to resolve all cases of those still missing states, including New York, have made great in action. They will continue to meet at the The figures are disquieting. Barely half of progress in this direction through such de­ regularly scheduled times each week to carry the voting age population participated in the vices as permanent personal registration, ex­ forward that portion of the FPJMT's task 1972 Presidential Election, down from 64 tended registration hours and dates, con­ which concerns only the Republic of Vietnam percent in 1960. The drop has been a steady venient locations for voter registration and the United States. Until the other side one, and worry over the trend has prompted booths. However, the answer to voter a.pa.thy return to their places a.t the conference table, several of my House colleagues to push for does not lie in postcard registration systems, which we strongly hope they will soon do. adoption of a new plan-voter registration but in a deeper examination of our political The absence of the communist delegations by mail-in an attempt to beef up the num­ processes. is the latest in a serious of similar interrup­ ber of Americans who go to the polls every tions of the work of the FPJMT since its for­ four years to select a President. mation over one year ago. Their obvious in­ On its face, efforts to increase the num­ tent has been to turn the clearly humani­ bers of people voting for President would MISSING IN ACTION IN tarian tasks defined in Article 8(b) and the seem an "apple pie" issue-assuring the bill SOUTHEAST ASIA uncertainty of over 1400 American MIA fami­ of easy passage. But the House of Repre­ lies to their own political purposes. The sentatives voted 197 to 204 to defeat the bill. United States can only regard such cynicism Having voted against the measure, I support HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI with deep regret. The dead are past the ca.res that decision. OF WISCONSIN of the world. There is no honor in bartering The bill may have been developed with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with their bones. the best of intentions, but it is not rooted The largest portion of the crash and grave in reason and fact. Thursday, June 6, 1974 sites ab9ut which we have information are Succinctly stated, the plan would have in North Vietnam or in remote areas of established a Voter Registration Adminis­ Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ South Vietnam where control is disputed by tration within the General Accounting Office day of this week, June 4, the House of the Vietnamese parties. In the implementa­ (GAO) to direct a massive effort to register Representatives resoundingly reflected tion of Article 8(b}, the primary aim of the qualified voters for Federal elections. The its support for a solution of the MIA United States since the signing of the Paris potential voter could register in any state problem when it voted 273 to O for House Accords has been to obtain information on . to vote simply by filling out and returning Concurrent Resolution 271. these sites and to obtain the return of the a post card to the appropriate State official. The tragic failure to obtain from North remains of the Americans who died in com­ He would then be entitled to vote in Federal munist captivity. The names of these Amer­ election contests but not necessarily in State Vietnam and the Vietcong a full and ac­ icans were contained in lists provided us by and local contests unless the State system curate accounting of more than 1,000 the other parties in Paris at the time of the was coordinated with the Federal system. Americans who remain missing in South­ signing of the Accords. To date, after more Because of the strong opposition to the east Asia is certainly one of the bitterest than one yea.r's effort, we have received the postcard plan by many elections officials aftermaths of the Vietnam conflict. To remains of only 23 Americans from the DRV. around the country, it is unlikely that many their families and loved ones it remains The DRV refused to return the remains of states could be persuaded to revamp their a deep and hurting agony. a twenty-fourth American buried a.long side systems along the lines of the new Federal The stubborn insensitiveness of the his comrades in Hanoi because he allegedly program. Therefore, in some states one would died before he could be captured and became be required to register twice in order to vote North Vietnamese and Vietcong in failing thereby technically "missing in action" rather in both Federal and State elections. to live up to the JJledges it made in sign­ than "died in captivity." This would create an administrator's night­ ing the Paris cease-fire agreement amply Since the signing of the Paris Accords the mare. States which do not adapt their sys­ reflect their inhumane attitude. As my United States and the Republic of Vietnam tems to the new pl&.n would have a dual sys­ distinguished colleague from Iowa, the have been cooperating in attempting to re­ tem, one for Federal and one for state and Honorable H. R. GRoss, noted on the solve the cases of the MIA's of concern only local and would be required to maintain floor Monday, they have now suspended to them. The ambush and murder of Captain dual records and ballots, causing unneces­ further talks of the four party joint mili­ Rees and his comrades a.t Binh Chanh on sary confusion among elections officials and December 15, 1973 and subsequent state­ voters. Thus, each citizen in those states tary team. ments by the other side, made clear that this would have to understand ( 1) whether he That fact and other pertinent obser­ portion of the work of the FPJMT would have is, in fact, already registered for Federal and vations were noted in a statement issued to be given even greater emphasis if we State elections and no ca.rd return is neces­ by the U.S. Mission in Saigon on June 4, were to keep faith with the families of our sary, (2) whether the ca.rd he fills out and a copy of which I am placing in the REC­ missing in action. mails to his State official entitles him to vote ORD and recommend to the careful read­ Since that time, we have undertaken a ing of my colleagues. variety of efforts involving all categories of in Federal and State elections, and (3) Vietnamese society, official and unofficial. whether the card he fills out entitles him to As chairman of the House Foreign Af­ From all these elements. including also vote in Federal elections only and he must fairs Subcommittee on National Security RVNAF units, government agencies and pri• still go to the polling place to register to vote Policy which considered House Concur­ vate individuals, we have always received in State elections. Experts fear that the com­ rent Resolution 271, I sincerely hope the full and effective cooperation. The Vietnam­ plications may result in a decrease in par- North Vietnamese and Vietcong will note ese people know so well the anguish and June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18337 heartbreak arising from lack of knowledge already have residential, farm, business, clearly reflected the price rises that accom­ of the fate of their missing husbands, or industrial property on the land that panied the Arab oil embargo. brothers and sons. They have determined to Soviet oil prices were not increased for the do whatever they possibly can to help alle­ does get :flooded. Tocks Island also would Communist countries because the five-year viate the anguish of the families of their protect Delaware River bridges upstream plans allow for only minor fluctuation in American allies who still confront the same and many publicly owned facilities along the current contracts. uncertain ties." the river that stand to be damaged or The Soviet Union has been encouraging its destroyed if we have another flood like allies to look elsewhere to meet their grow­ 1955 or worse. ing oil needs, and it is believed likely that As I said in the beginning, I fully rec­ Soviet oil prices for the socialist bloc will TOCKS ISLAND DAM ognize the need for a complete environ­ be adjusted upwards when the new five-year plans for 1976-1980 are negotiated. mental review. I am hopeful that this The Soviet Union was not hesitant to peg HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE will be completed forthwith, and that the its Western orders to the new market prices. various governmental entities can once Last year for example, while Denmark bought OF NEW JERSEY and for all resolve this very important 41 million fewer tons of Soviet oil, it paid out IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matter. two and a half times what it had in 1972. Thursday, June 6, 1974 West Germany and Belgium were confronted with increases approximately as steep. Aus­ Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, today THE RUSSIAN OIL DEAL tria, Britain, Sweden and Italy paid slightly I voted with the majority of my col­ lesser increases for Soviet oil. leagues in favor of H.R. 15155, the Pub­ Last fall, the Soviet press denounced as a lic Works/AEC appropriations bill, HON. JOHN R. RARICK "canard" Swedish radio reports that Soviet tankers were carrying oil to the Netherla:nds which contained a provisional appropri­ OF LOUISIANA during the oil embargo. The Soviet press ation for the Tocks Island Dam in New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agency Tass, alleged that the reports were Jersey. Thursday, June 6, 1974 launched to "poison the atmosphere of trust" I say provisional because while the between Moscow and the Arab countries that bill provides funds for construction, the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, while most had made the Netherlands a specific target of money is not to be obligated until the of the world still smarts from the re­ the embargo. action to the Russian wheat deal and But the current figures show that the various governmental parties involved Soviet Union last year boosted oil exports to can resolve the matter and bring it be­ then the Russian butter deal, we now the Dutch by a third, to over 3.2 million tons, fore the House and Senate for a final learn that the Soviets reaped nearly $1 and charged them nearly three and a half decision. billion in windfall profits from their times what they had paid in 1972. This provision is a direct result of the world oil deal. Weste-rn economic observers here point out expressions of concern that were forth­ Interestingly enough, while the Arab that Moscow was honoring export commit­ coming from New Jersey Governor Byrne oil states were boycotting the Nether­ ments made with the West before the em­ lands, their Soviet friends used the boy­ bargo, but they do not dispute that the and others, indicating that further en­ Soviets moved swiftly to take advantage of vironmental impact studies need to be cott by increasing their oil exports to the prime oil prices. made. the Dutch by one-third and increasing · I share this deep concern that every the charge by 3 % times over the price reasonable effort must be made to as­ in 1972. sure that this project, sweeping in nature Apparently, the profit motive at the as it is, will be a sound one from an en­ exploitation of the "industrialized na­ PRESIDENTIAL HOMES vironmental point of view. tions" is no longer considered criminal. But, Mr. Speaker, I represent a con­ I ask that a related newsclipping fol­ stituency which lives along the Dela­ low. HON. J. J. PICKLE ware River in south central New Jersey. [From the Washington Star-News, June 5, OF TEXAS I feel a profound obligation to work in 1974] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their behalf, and to support projects RUSSIA HAS WINDFALL PROFIT ON INCREASED Thursday, June 6, 1974 which I believe are in their best interests. OIL PRICES I have concluded that the Tocks Island (By Christopher S. Wren) Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, there has project-the dam-is of extreme impor­ Moscow .-The jump in world oil prices been much discussion about the expendi­ tance to my constituency for two rea­ enabled the Soviet Union last year to reap ture of public funds on Presidential sons: First, water supply; and second, nearly a billion dollars more in oil revenue homes, particularly with reference to flood protection. with only a modest increase in exports. President Nixon. The Subcommittee on Windfall profits were taken at the expense Some of the waterfront communities of a number of countries in the west hit hard Government Activities of the Govern­ draw their water from the river and by the Arab oil boycott, according to newly ment Operations Committee recently many, like Camden, collect their sup­ released Soviet foreign trade statistics. published a report on this matter, and it plies from groundwater wells. Like the By contrast, the Communist countries were should be noted that it received a unan­ supply of our neighbor across the river, generally confronted with a negligible rise in imous vote of 36 to O. In that report the the city of Philadelphia, the intrusion of Soviet oil prices. committee agrees on the sum expended high concentrations of saltwater from The figures in the 1973 Soviet foreign trade on Presidential homes, not only on Pres­ the ocean, in event of another drought of handbook indicated that the Soviet Union ident Nixon but on President Johnson. has prospered from the higher world market the 1960's or worst, would threaten to prices spurred by the Arab oil embargo which Some of the critics have contended make our fresh water brackish and Moscow consistently supported. that our colleague JACK BROOKS might therefore unusable, including well water Last year, the Soviet Union increased its have been a bit partisan because of his and also future use of the wells. The exports of oil and oil products slightly more close friendship with President Johnson. guaranteed minimum flow of fresh water than 10 percent but boosted their overall The report does show that the Federal into the estuary at Trenton from Tocks earnings more than 44 oercent. Government spent less than one-third Island would keep the saltwater front The export revenue rose from nearly 1.7 the amount spent on President Nixon's down below the mouth of the Schuylkill billion rubles in 1972 to just over 2.4 billion rubles last year. This is a dollar increase of home but it is good to know that the en­ River, thus protecting these supplies more than $900 million, based upon the pre­ tire committee has agreed unanimously from contamination. vailing 1973 exchange rate of $1.34 to the on this report, and points out the good job As for floods, my district fortunately is ruble. performed by Congressman BROOKS. I not threatened like the areas upstream. In the same p·eriod, oil exports went from think an editorial from the Beaumont I know that great advances have been 107 million metric tons to 118.3 million met­ Enterprise is of particular interest and made in terms of progressive thinking ric tons. The majority of the increase went to I insert it in the RECORD at this point. for activities on control of future devel­ the socialist countries at well below the spiraling market price, meaning that the [From the Beaumont (Texas) Enterprise, opment of flood plains and that Tocks profits came entirely from non-Communist May 28, 1974] Island is not a necessity for protecting customers. A metric ton 1..; roughly equiv- PRESIDENTIAL HOMES those sections still in their virgin state. alent to seven barrels. . Critics of U.S. Rep. Jack Brooks' probe of However, only an impoundment on the While the Soviet trade statistics spanned government spending on President Nixon's river can succeed in protecting those who all of 1973' without further breakdown, they private homes have wondered aloud why a 18338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 similar investigation hasn't been done into Last Saturday afternoon, a smaller but the market if tuna remains economically expenditures on the late President Johnson's equally appreciative gathering of wives attractive to the housewife. Maintaining the private property. and children of workers turned out at competitive edge over other meat proteins There now has been such a study. will require vigilant efforts to Improve ef­ In compiling it.<, report on the $17.1 million San Diego Marine Construction, Inc .• for ficiency at all levels of production and dis­ in public funds spent in connection with launching of the third in a series of four tribution. Nixon's retreats at San Clemente and Key modern fishing craft built for Trident Catching more tuna won't be easy in the Biscayne, Brooks' House government activ­ Industries. This was the Katherine Lisa, yea-rs a.head. The U.S. tuna industry can't ities subcommittee also looked into how which, like those before her, will fish sustain itself in the long term solely on the much the government spent on LBJ's private for the Del Monte Corp. catches of our historic fishing grounds off property. Del Monte's president, R. G. Landis, North and South America.. We must find new The subcommittee found that about $5.9 fishing grounds, and this will require greater million was spent in connection with two used the occasion to relate some of the scientific knowledge of fish populations and of his ranches near Johnson City and an things the tuna industry has been doing sustainable catch levels. office he maintained in the Federal Office to help meet the dilemma of most house­ The U.S. tuna. industry must have asur­ Building in Austin. wives-how to get the best food bargain ances that our boats will have access to The total spent on or in support of LBJ's in the face of runaway prices. waters within a. reasonable distance of for­ properties is nearly one-third the a.mount Mr. Landis' remarks contained good eign shores. Quotas on catches must be kept spent in connection with Nixon's retreats. news not only for the bargain shopper, at acceptable levels. And we'll have to develop Some will contend, of course, that since but for workers dependent on continuing new fishing techniques and gear to allow us Brooks was very close to the late President to opera. te in new fishing grounds. Johnson, the subcommittee's finding may not a healthy fishing industry. These challenges can be met. We can do so be the whole story. His address follows : by demonstrating the aggressiveness and It should be noted, however, that the report LAUNCHING OF THE "KATHERINE LISA" imagination which has ma.de tuna. people the containing both the Nixon and Johnson (Address by R. G. Landis, President and innovators and modernizers of the U.S. :fish­ investigations was approved by a. 36-0 vote Chief Operations Officer, Del Monte Cor­ ing industry. Tuna is a growth business with of the entire House Government Operations poration) bright prospects for the future. Committee. Two of the 16 Republicans For the second time in only seven months, In closing, I want to wish a. happy and suc­ abstained. Del Monte Corporation has had the pleasure cessful future for the "Katherine Lisa," After release of the report, Brooks said of having a part in the launching of a tuna. Captain Joseph and his crew. Bon voyage! that the "taxpayers deserve greater con­ boat in this yard. La.st October, two of our sideration when public funds are being used executives were here to witness the launch­ to finance new heating systems, a. sewer line, ing of the "Patricia Lee" and the "Theresa a shuffleboard, den furniture and lawn and Ann"-the first of four seiners being built shrub maintenance in the name of providing for Trident Industries. When the "Katherine TRIBUTE TO AMOS LYNCH security." Lisa" slides down the ways in a. few minutes, The investigation found public funds had it'll be three down and one to go. been spent on those items at Nixon's I'm pleased to say that the "Katherine HON. LOUIS STOKES residences. Llsa."-like the other two before her-wlll be OF OHIO The study accused the Secret Service of fishing for Del Monte. She'll bring to nine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES abusing the discretion Congress has tradi­ the number of tuna seiners fishing !or my tionally given it concerning the use of company. That's a. far cry from the fleet size Thursday, June 6, 1974 government funds and personnel, and also of only a. few yea.rs ago. criticized the General Services Administra­ Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I would A lot has happened in the marketplace like to bring to the attention of my col­ tion for letting non-government personnel­ over the past few years, and tuna has "caught such as Nixon's personal lawyer, Herbert on" with consumers like never before. Of leagues the long and distinguished career Kalmbach-initiate government expendi­ the 45 per cent increase in domestic tuna of Mr. Amos Lynch, general manager of tures and then soliciting after-the-fact re­ consumption recorded in the 12 years be­ the Columbus Call & Post, and the trib­ quests from the Secret Service in an effort ginning in 1960, a. little more than half oc­ ute which will soon highlight his most to legitimize such expenditures. curred in 1972 a.lone. Then, in 1973, demand outstanding achievements. We agree with the committee recommen­ for tuna reached record levels in this coun­ dation that future expenditures of public The Call & Post has performed a vital try. U.S. tuna retail sales last year totaled service to the black community, as well money should be limited to no more than 670 million dollars-up 20 per cent from one principal privately-owned residence at 1972, and 63 per cent from 1971. La.st year's as the community-at-large, and its suc­ a time, but that the Secret Service be free sales ma.de tuna. one of the leaders in super­ cess and fine service is due in large meas­ to seek whatever a.id might be needed in an market sales in this, the world's largest tuna.­ ure to the efforts of Mr. Amos Lynch. emergency or temporary situation. consuming country. An Appreciation Day banquet will be As Brooks bas noted in the pa.st, if some Why the rising popularity of this fish? held Wednesday, June 12, 1974, in multimilliona.ire--like Nelson Rockefeller­ We'd like to think promotion by the industry Columbus, Ohio, to honor Amos Lynch were to become president, the taxpayers could and its individual members has had a favor­ end up footing the bills for improvements at for more than 30 years of journalistic able impact on the consumer's awareness of contributions to the community. dozens of private homes a.round the world. tuna..•.. through recipes and other com­ munications to home economists, school The sentiments of the Lynch Appre­ teachers, food editors, and consumers. These ciation Committee expresses, I am cer­ efforts have been supported by advertising tain, the feelings of many citizens of the A TIME FOR TUNA and other promotional techniques. Industry­ community that has so greatly benefited wide promotional efforts a.re conducted from Amos Lynch's many years of meri­ through the Tuna Research Foundation. torious service: But the inflationary squeeze on consumer We in Columbus feel that Amos Lynch has HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN pocketbooks also played an important role consistently demonstrated a. rare sensitivity OF CALIFORNIA in the rising consumption of tuna.. I refer to vital community issues and has worked IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES specifically to the relatively higher price of dlligently to bring a.bout solutions to the dif­ beef and pork that caused consumers to ficult problems this community has faced. Thursday, June 6, 1974 look for alternate sources of meat protein. He stands out prominently in the state of Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, ship Budget-stretching dishes a.re in vogue--a.nd Ohio for the high editorial benchmarks he what works better in a. casserole than tuna? has established. He has clearly demonstrated launchings are an increasingly familiar And when the average consumer comes sight in my congressional district. Vessels that a newspaper has the responsibility to to fully appreciate the nutritional value of go beyond educating, informing, and enter­ produced there range from tuna boats to tuna., we could see an even greater rise in taining, but most often be out in !rant, big oil tankers. consumption. Nutritional labels on canned representing the interests of its readers and A San Diego ship launching is a sight products initiated last year, tell quite a story working for a better quality of life. to behold. Earlier this year the Maritime for tuna. A 6 Y:z ounce can of tuna provides 100 per Accordingly I am submitting to the Administrator, the Honorable Robert J. cent of the U.S. recommended daily allowance Blackwell, said he never had seen a larger RECORD a brief biographical sketch which of protein. It contains 110 per cent of the gives only a few of Amos Lynch's con­ crowd for a launching than when Na­ R.D.A. for niacin, 80 percent for vitamin tional Steel & Shipbuilding Corp. sent the Bl2, 35 per cent for phosphorus, 15 per cent tributions and achievements throughout 38,300-ton tanker Cherry Valley down for magnesium, 10 percent for iron, a.nd 6 his outstanding journalistic and civic the ways. The company had made a per cent for vitamin B2. Think about it! career. I urge my colleagues to join me "family day" of the occasion, and nearly 1974 is shaping up as a good fishing year, and the citizens of Columbus in this 15,000 happy people were on hand. a.nd we can expect to see continued growth of tribute to Amos Lynch: June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18339

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH politan Area Community Action Organiza­ public service, I have many times over ob­ The son of Mrs. Beadle A. Lynch and the tion. served that the foundation received at Ran­ "Man Of The Year," 1974, East High School dolph-Macon was broad and sustaining. This late Dr. Herston H. Lynch, Amos Lynch was foundation was built on strong principles, born in Columbus, Ohio, July 5, 1925. Student and Faculty Community Award. He began his professional career as a sports "Oscar Gill Community Service Award," grounded on the life experiences of those who 1974, Sideliners, Incorporated. had gone before. writer with the Ohio State News in 1943. This is a good country. When World War II began, Amos Lynch SERVICE AWARDS Yes, we are going through some troubled entered the United States Navy where he Columbus Recreation Department. times; but, of the more than 90 count ries I served as a medical corpsman. After the War, Neighborhood House. have visited, I haven't found one where I he returned to his former position and within National Foundation (March of Dimes). would like to take up permanent residency. a few years became the Managing Editor of Franklin County Society for Crippled Chil- Mr. Jefferson said it best when he offered the Ohio Sentinel. Subsequently, he held a dren. the thought that democracy can only survive variety of challenging positions that included Boy Scouts of America. if the people have faith in their government. work in public relations, advertising, and Tuberculosis Society of Franklin County. There is something in the ancient precepts. marketing. In 1962, he joined the staff of the Big Brother's Association of Columbus. There are verities, truly eternal. There are Columbus Call and Post where he is still Central Ohio Heart Association. things for which one must stand and fight General Manager. United Negro College Fund Columbus Cam- and deliver in unpopular times and during His civic career is as distinguished as his paign. the occasions where one is caught up in deal· professional service. He was among the or­ Columbus Urban League. ing with unpopular causes. ganizers of the Mt. Vernon Avenue District Columbus Branch NACCP. Some of you, in your own life's progress Improvement Association and currently Modroes Club of Columbus. have found yourselves veterans of lost holds offices in or is director of the following U.S. Navy Recruiting Command. causes-like myself, a son of Confederate vet­ organizations: Eta Phi Beta Sorority. erans: My grandfather and my great-grand­ Mt. Vernon Avenue District Improvement Asbury Methodist Church. father Confederates. I have fought in lost Association. Ohio School for the Blind. causes all my life. Columbus Area Chamber of Commerce. Linden Eagles' Athletic Association. Look at who I am and where I am. But I Columbus Business League. Sigma Tau Lambda Sorority. plead-as one who is a veteran of lost Merry Makers Club, Inc. Columbus Golden Gloves Tournament causes--for adherence to the eternal verities Columbus Town Meeting. Committee. and I hope that that's what will be taught Junior Achievement. Douglas House Management Group. above everything else: that there are certain His pa.st activities include work with the A graduate of South High School in Co­ fundamental rights which endure and which Spring Street YMCA and many other social lumbus, he attended Ohio State University. are inherent in the concept of humanity agencies serving the Near Eastside. He has He is an aictive member of the Shiloh Baptist which one must forever and forever believe coordinated recreational and community ac­ Church, and he and his wife, Gerri, are the in and fight for-for the dignity of human­ tivities for many civic organizations, and paren ts of two sons, David and Amos, Jr. kind and for the right of every human being has held-offices in the South Side Settlement to be judged equally and fairly by his peers, House and the Isa.belle Ridgeway Home for and for the obligation of every human being the Aged. to respect those judgments founded upon Amos Lynch has been actively involved in A MESSAGE FOR GRADUATES our sacred traditions and our sacred doc­ the field of civil rights, having served a.s trines. chairman of the Columbus Urban League Never before has the wisdom of our fore­ from 1966 to 1973. He has consistently dem­ HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON fathers been put to such a test as today. onstrated a concern for those in need, and OF VIRGINIA "Every government degenerates when has served as chairman of many charitable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trusted to the rulers of the people alone. The activities, including once serving a.s the di­ people themselves, therefore, are its only rector of the United Appeal. Currently, he Thursday, June 6, 1974 safe depositories,'' Mr. Jefferson also said. is the director of the Columbus Business Mr. ROBINSON of Virginia. Mr. Not too long ago, on a hillside in Pennsyl­ League which he helped organize in the mid­ vania prior to speaking to several hundreds Sixties. Speaker, on June 2, 1974, a distinguished of people, I was asked by a college student: His many achievements have earned him Member of the other body, the Honor­ "Senator, how can I have confidence in our a great number of honors and awards. He able HUGH ScoTT of Pennsylvania, was government?" He, obviously, was anguished has been named "Man of the Year" for 1974 the commencement speaker at Ran­ because of the drumbeat of events which by the Columbus Metropolitan Area Com­ dolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va., in have since become known as "Watergate." munity Action Organization, as well as by my congressional district. I hope my answer was not received as a the East High School students and Faculty. Although Virginia has a fully accred­ simplistic solution to a heavy and burden­ The following are but a few of the awards some problem. I said: "The system is work­ he has received for outstanding community ited Senator ScoTT of its own, we con­ ing. We will be justified in placing our faith service: tinue to claim a share of the Mhieve­ in the system." HONORS FROM TRADE ASSOCIATIONS ments and affections of Senator SCOTT That was nearly a year ago. And I stand of Pennsylvania, because of his family on that statement today. The system is work­ Merit Awards for "Best Examples of Pro­ associations in Virginia, his earned de­ ing. And it will continue to work. moting The Negro Newspaper," 1952, 1953, Other countries have fallen for less. and 1957-59 from the National Newspaper grees from Randolph-Macon College Publishers Association (NNPA). and, in law, from the University of Vir­ Over the last six months the governments ginia, and his valued service as a mem­ of at least eight nations have been over­ Merit Awards for "Public Service," 1956, turned. Some of our warmest allies are among 1959, and 1971 from the NNPA. ber of the Board of Visitors of the Uni­ them: Great Britain and Canada .•. France Meritorious Service Awards, 1957 and 1968, versity of Virginia. and Iceland . . . Portugal and Denmark . . • from the Mt. Vernon Avenue Dist rict Im­ As a matter of interest to the Mem­ West Germany ••. even Luxembourg. provement Association. bers of the House, I include, under leave Those governments did not possess the OTHER HONORS to extend my remarks, the text of the built-in protectiveness of our system. "Young Man Of The Year," Spring St reet address of the distinguished minority It ls this balance which makes it all work. YMCA, 1947. leader of the other body on the occasion The Congress is facing up to its responsi­ Jaycee nominee "Young Man Of The Year, of the commencement exercises of Ran­ bilities. 1957. dolph-Macon College, as follows: The Judicial system has found some to be Special Award for "Helping Ohio Sentinel guilty, has discharged some from indictments Readers Live Better Electrically," Columbus SPEECH BY U.S. SENATOR HUGH SCOTT and has freed others. & Southern Ohio Electric Company, 1957. I understand that the graduating class The Executive continues to run the na­ Outstanding Service Awards, 1965-69, East asked that I speak this year. As we know this tion, despite the pressing problems caused by High School Distributive Education Clubs of is a break with gradua.tions of the recent past the wrongful acts of employees who never America (DECCA). when the ceremonies were kept short and to were elected to public office. Outstanding Service Award, 1966, Ohio the point. These wrongs hurt all who are charged DECCA. No greater honor can be extendl)d to a with helping our political system to work. Honorary Life Membership, 1968, East High graduate. Be<:ause each of us who holds in trust the School DECCA. I hope my remarks will get a passing grade public's faith has been stung by the venom and that I wlll not exhaust your attentive of zealots and amateurs and by persons who One of "Ten Men Of The Year," 1968, by faculties. don't know what it is to run as a candidate the Columbus Ci"izen-Journal. Fifty-five years ago I wore the traditional for public office ... to experience the exalta­ ''Outstanding Achievement in Journal­ cap and gown for the first time at my gradu­ tion of winning and have the grace of los­ ism," 1967, Second Community Church. ation. And since leaving this beautiful ing-in fair contests. "Man Of The Year," 1974, Columbus Metro- campus pursuing a career in law and then in Three weeks ago I challenged law school 18340 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June. 7, 1914 graduates of the University of Virginia to struct the House conferees to uphold the remember always that a presumption of in· sources, not an investment in fleets of nocence exists in this country. Esch amendment to H.R. 69, the Elemen­ buses, is the way to improve education for If this cherished liberty is to be lost, my tary and Secondary Education Act. This all, black and white. friends, then we will have become a banana action was intended to reaffirm the com­ What is wrong with the schools so republic. And, as one who has read the law mitment of the House of Representatives many poor blacks are forced to attend is for more than 50 years, I don't see this to strictly limit cross-district school bus­ not the absence of white children. What happening. ing. It is my hope that the overwhelming is wrong is official unconcern, inadequate An orderly process is underway. A House vote by which this measure passed \""1ill Committee-38 members, including two expenditures of public money, and per­ women, and everyone of them a lawyer, each convince our colleagues in the Senate vading ignorance as to how best to teach elected by the constituencies of 22 states­ that our opposition to busing is firm and childJ:en who come to school profoundly is sifting the evidence to determine whether resolute. As the newest Member of the disadvantaged in almost every way. the President should be impeached, which is House, I want to make clear my position If we are to achieve quality education to say, charged with offenses against the of this issue. for all, it is essential that the precarious Constitution. Let me state at the outset that the amity and good will between the races This is our system. commitment to save the neighborhood not be further eroded. It is essential that If this committee votes on articles of im­ school must be matched by an equally peachment, 435 men and women will hear a higher priority be given to education the evidence and debate what's at issue. If strong commitment to educationally pro­ on our national list of priorities. the Senate becomes the forum for trial, it ductive schools. If we seek to guarantee We must not allow this issue to erode will do its duty in full consciousness of the the right of the student to attend the public support for better education. Sup­ special oath each Senator will take. school nearest his or her home, should port for improved educational facilities is This is the way it will work. we not seek to guarantee that the neigh­ a fragile commodity, depending on the This chain of events was ordained nearly borhood school will provide a sound, personal and political commitment of 200 years ago. It has built-in checks and quality education? Many schools do not balances to ensure the innocence of the in­ parents, teachers, students, and legisla­ nocent and find the guilt of the guilty. provide a quality education. Indeed, there tors. Busing for racial balance would tear Again I say this is a good country; in fact, would be no discussion of busing had we apart this support, causing irreparable it's a great country. done a better job of providing each damage to education in America. When the seas become rough we should neighborhood school with the necessary A policy of massive busing, based on a reflect - on the accomplishments. tools to educate effectively. misplaced emphasis on race, would sim­ Many can remember the difficult times of The evidence paints further to the fact ply exacerbate the growing attitude that this nation. We have lived through them that black neighborhoods, ethnic neigh­ says, "What in the world is going on?" all-and have become stronger for it. borhoods, and poor neighborhoods--the In this year of 1974, the nation is at peace. We would wind up with a net loss, rather Not an American soldier is being drafted to neighborhoods with the geratest need for than a net gain, in our school systems. raise his weapon in defense of liberty and of a quality education-are the same areas Federal financial aid to schools would be this country, and we thank God for that. that suffer most from discrimination in bogged down in controversy, resistance to We are talking to the Russians. educational facilities. This House, there­ school millages would increase, and ra­ We are talking to the Chinese. fore, must move to erase this discrimi­ cial antagonisms would be accentuated. We have negotiated a peace settlement in nation. This House must carry its com­ If it were only a question of political the Middle East, a vital disengagement signed mitment to the neighborhood school fur­ only this week. risk, that risk might be taken. But the We are negotiating trade agreements ther. This House must act to insure that concept of widespread busing to pm·sue throughout the world. all of om· children are provided with the racial balance rests on a faulty, race Over the five years Richard Nixon has been basic educational tools necessary for a conscious premise. It is presumptuous President the focus of federal spending has happy and productive life. and patronizing to suppose that black been turned completely around: forty-nine Additionally, we must move to erase children, in whose interest the concept is cents of every dollar for human services in the discrimination that has led to this advanced, can only be educated if a cer­ comparison with twenty-nine cents of every problem. I support the elimination of dis­ tain percentage of white faces is pro­ dollar for defense. crimination in any form. I believe that We have the lowest peacetime unemploy­ duced in the same school, by transport ment. the elected leaders of our Nation have if necessary. While inflation continues upward, the rate an obligation to see that laws are en­ Moreover, many of the proposed bus­ of climb and prices at the consumer level is acted and enforced to erase the last ves­ ing plans that some courts are now con­ not as high as in other countries. While not tiges of legal and illegal discrimination, sidering, with their preoccupation with that comforting, economists predict an im· as well as the economic and social scars social engineering, would make blacks provement this year. that past discrimination has produced. a permanent minority in each and every But the significance is we are at peace. We must work to promote racial har­ Campuses are quiet. school, even in predominantly black Schools have been integrated. mony. My record has always been one of neighborhoods. The unfairness of such a More people than ever before are working. supporting and fighting for civil rights design, and the loss of community voice And the country is strong enough to stand legislation. I will continue to work to­ in school matters, should be obvious. the functioning of its own Constitution. ward those goals. But cross-district bus­ Black parents want more say, not less, To get involved is a privilege and a chal­ ing does nothing to promote racial har­ in how their schools are operated and lenge. Work within the system. Make changes mony and understanding. how their children are educated. This to improve it; but don't run away from full Cross-district busing in pursuit of cannot be accomplished by creating "su­ involvement in our working system in this, racial balance is a bad policy. Such the greatest country in this world. per school districts" and sending off our I leave you with a verse which has remained schemes are shortsighted, highly divisive, children in all directions. with me since I listened to our Commence­ and generally lacking in educational, It must be recognized that the devel­ ment speaker in 1919: legal, and political good sense. oping controversy involves at least two "Four things a man must learn to do When black students were, in many essential elements: Education and race If he would keep his record true: parts of the country, bused past schools relations. The element of race relations is To think, without confusion, clearly near their homes to predominantly black many-faceted and is intertwined with To love his fellow man sincerely schools, that was wrong. To now bus such problems as job opportunities, crime To act from honest motives purely whites and blacks past the schools near­ and the fear of crime, economic disad­ To trust in God and heaven securely." est their homes to various more distant vantage, housing, and family environ­ schools, on the basis of race, is a mistake. ment and motivation. Extensive busing ESCH AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69 Widescale busing will not, in my judg­ will not solve any of these problems. ment, improve the quality of education. Sound public policy should seek to Indeed, such busing, if it is for the pur­ maximize good will and public support HON. BOB TRAXLER pose of pm·suing racial quotas, is certain for quality schools. It should avoid the OF MICHIGAN to arouse antagonism and divert public creation of questionable formulas and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attention from the essentials of good edu­ dogmas which would wrench apart the Thursday, June 6, 1974 cation: Good teachers, good facilities, delicate fabric of our American society and financial support by Federal, State, and which might convulse, year after Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, yester­ and local governments. year, the emotions and the palitics of our day I voted in favor of a motion to in- Equitable distribution of public re- beloved land. I trust that our Nation will June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18341 choose wisely and act wisely in the times "Federal grant assistance to the states, t o as you must , that the majority of the states be made possible under a national land use will act responsibly, and it is up to the Con­ ahead. b111, will enable the states and their con­ gress to give them that opportunity. Failure stit uent regional and local jurisdictions to to do so either will result in an increase prepare and implement badly needed land in the trend toward no-growth, as more and NATIONAL REALTY COMMITTEE use plans which provide for a balance be­ more communities reach the limits of their DISPUTES "NO GROWTH" UNDER tween environmental protection and the ability to cope with land use decision mak­ THE LAND USE PLANNING ACT attainment of economic and social objectives. ing or, as Senator Jackson has often pointed Without adequate financial assistance these out, will inevitably lead to increasing federal agencies will be hard pressed to deal effec­ usurpation of land use planning functions. tively with the disturbing trend of no-growth Neither appears to be a very attractive alter­ HON. MORRIS K. UDALL policies that have been emerging in many native. communities across the country." OF ARIZONA Very truly yours, THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY ALBERT A. WALSH, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Undue burdens on the real estate industry Presi dent . Thursday, June 6, 1974 due to unreasonable regulations or incon­ sistent public policy can also lead to a no­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, allegations growth atmosphere because developers will that the Land Use Planning Act, H.R. hesitate to sponsor and finance new projects. BIBLIOGRAPHY: SOUTH VIETNAM'S 10294, will lend to "no growth" have H.R. 10294 should be a st rong aid in reducing POLITICAL PRISONERS been raised recently by opponents of these burdens. this legislation. I think it is a totally The focus of H.R. 10294 is on a compre- • false argument and have said so repeat­ hensive approach to land use planning. The HON. BELLA S. ABZUG edly. I am now joined in that analysis by bill provides for consideration and balancing OF NEW YORK of a full range of environmental, economic the National Realty Committee, Inc. In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the letter that follows, this organiza­ and social needs. Some have criticized the bill because it contains a detailed listing of Thursday, June 6, 1974 tion-not known for supporting legisla­ the elements of the planning process. This tion that would be detrimental to their criticism is unjust for two reasons: first, a Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the admin­ economic interests-endorses H.R. 10294 comprehensive approach to land use plan­ istration claims that "only a handful" of and very explicitly Poo-pooh's the "no ning ls just that, comprehensive, and a fail­ prisoners in South Vietnam are being growth" myth as "more emotion than ure to address any of the elements of the held because of their opposition to the substance." As the letter makes clear, planning process will not make them any less necessary; second, states may use the Thieu regime. Those who challenge this those areas where "no growth" morato- bill as a guide in enacting state land use claim are accused of getting their infor­ 1·iums and the like have occurred are ex­ enabling legislation, and the listing of ele­ mation from Hanoi. On the contrary, amples of the kind of frustrations that ments of the planning process will help alert respected individuals and organizations results from the lack of rational plan­ the state legislatures to the broad range o! all over the world have described in vivid ning. responsibi11ties that should properly be as­ detail the detainment of thousands of signed to the state and local planning Thieu's opponents, and the barbaric con­ I include the letter and urge all Mem­ agencies. bers to give this responsible and rational Others have criticized the bill for inclu­ ditions under which they are confined analysis their close attention: sion of environmental considerations as part and of ten tortured. I would like to insert NATIONAL REALTY COMMITTEE, INC., of the planning process. In response to that, in the RECORD a partial list of scow·ces New York, N.Y., June 5, 1974. we can only point out that development from which my colleagues can obtain Hon. MORRIS K. UDALL, o! all kinds is subject to a growing host of further information: Chairman, House Subcommittee on Environ­ environmental regulations. Such regulations BmLIOGRAPHY ment of the Committee on Interior and inevitably impose restrictions on develop­ 1. "A New Phoenix Program," by Deputy Insular Affairs, Longworth House Office ment, but to expect that one can engage in Ho Ngor Nhuan, American Report, Jan. 29, Building, Washington, D.C. meaningful land use planning without con­ 1973, p. 5. DEAR CONGRESSMAN UDALL: The National sidering environmental constraints is folly. The National Realty Committee has con­ 2. "Thieu's Campaign of Terror", Chris Jen­ Realty Committee, Inc., which has long been kins, American Report, Jan. 29, 1973, p. 6. interested in comprehensive land use legisla­ sistently advocated a comprehensive land use 3. Message from the Central Executive tion, has considered the claim made by crit­ planning approach through which, in a single Counsel (Vien Hoa Dao) of the Unified Bud­ ics o! the Land Use Planning Act o! 1974 process, environmental factors are considered dlst Church of Vietnam, on the occasion of (H.R. 10294) that the legislation will create along with economic and social factors. There the Proclamation of the Cease-fire, Saigon, a "no-growth" atmosphere. It is our firm are four reasons for advocating this ap­ Jan. 30, 1972. conviction that this criticism is groundless, proach. First, it allows policy makers to find 4. "U.S.-Thieu Prisons", News From Viet­ and we anticipate the real effect of the bill a balance between environmental. economic nam, Feb. 1, 1973, p. 5. wm be just the opposite. That is, it wm of­ and social needs. Second, it encourages con­ 6. "Tet in Paulo-Condo" Le Trac, News fer both a cure and a preventative for the sistency in the land use programs. Third, it from Vietnam, Feb. 1, 1973, p. 12. kinds of problems that give rise to a "no­ brings regulations and standards together in 6. Statement by 31 groups and individuals growth" atmosphere. These problems can be one place and makes it easier for developers demanding release from prison, Saigon, Feb. viewed from two perspectives, from the point to assess, in advance, the prospects for ap­ 2, 1972. of view of the states and localities and from proval of proposed developments which are 7. "Two French advisors feat the •Liquida• the point of view of the real estate industry. subject to regulation. Fourth, it allows for tion' of Saigon political Prisoners", Le STATES AND LOCALITIES a simplification of pre-construction review Monde, Feb. 3, 1973. States and localities develop no-growth at­ processess. 8. "The Life and Death of Nguyan Ngor titudes because of an lnabiilty to cope with We feel that these !our aspects o! a com­ Buong" Dispatch News Service International, the complexities of the diverse pressures on prehensive approach favor rather than im­ Feb. 5, 1973. their land resource and because of the result­ pede the real estate industry. Both the detail- 9. "Repression and Torture by the Saigon ing adverse impact on environmental ameni­ 1ng of the elements of the plann1ng process Penitentiary Regime", Vietnam News and Re­ ties and on the economic and social struc­ and the inclusion of environmental consid­ ports, Feb. 4-Mar. 4, 1973, p. 10. ture of the community. The sole intent of erations in H.R. 10294 will encourage the 10. "Saigon bypasses Accord in Freeing H.R. 10294 is to provide grant monies to en­ states to establish land use planning proc­ Many Prisoners", Sylvia Fox, New Yorh courage the states and localities to develop esses that exhibit these favorable aspects. Times, Feb. 6, 1973, p. A-30. planning processes that will enable them to Much of the criticism of H.R. 10294 seems 11. "Saigon Frees 10,600 Vietcong Prison­ deal effectively with the complexities of land to be more emotion than substance, and ers", Thomas W. Lippman, Washington Post, use decision making. To the extent that they the "no-growth" criticism is an example. 2/ 8/ 73 p. A 30 accept the challenge, and develop effective In our judgment, the principal benefit o! 12. "Memorandum to the International planning processes, the basis for state and H.R. 10294 is that it provides states and Conference on Vietnam and Indochina", local no-growth attitudes should be miti· localities with both opportunity and re­ Amnesty International, International Secre­ gat ed. sources for comprehensive land use planning. tariat, 53 Theobald Road, London, England, In a. recent speech, David E. Stahl, Execu­ The responsibility for action rests with the 2 / 9 / 73 tive Vice President of the Urban Land Insti­ states and the localities. Therefore, whether 13. "South Vietnam Threatens to Stol)" tute, stressed the importance of federal fl· one tends to oppose or support the goals of Freeing Reds", St. Louis Post Dispatch, nancial assistance to states and localities and H.R. 10294 is a reflection of some degree of 2/ 16/73, p. 16-A the beneficial impact that this could have in one's confidence that the states and localities 14. "The Treatment of Political Prisoners countering the tendency to develop no­ will use the opportunity and the resources 1n by Saigon Does not Seem to Conform with growth policies: a responsible and effective manner. We feel, the Jan. 27 Accords", Letter from 8000 Polit- 18342 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 1cal Prisoners in Con Son Prison to the ICCS 50. "Heroes and Victims," Robert Jay vilian Campus," James Anderson, Toronto and JMC Feb. 17, 1973 Tifton, N.Y. Times (Op. Ed.), 3/28/73. Globe and Mail 6/19/73. 15. "Some Flaws in the Cease-Fire", Joseph 51. "Unfinished Crusade," James A. 86. Report of Mission Team from Quebec B. Treaster, N.Y. Times, 2/18/73 Wechsler, N.Y. Post. Section of the International Committee for 16. A Letter from 124 Disabled Political 62. Debates of the Senate, Honorable Mr. the Liberation of South Vietnamese Political Prisoners from Con Son to the ICCS & JMC Cameron (Canadian Senate), March 29, 1973. Prisoners to South Vietnam in April, 1973, Feb. 20, 1973 63. "Why Canada Should Ca.re About Con Montreal (62 Elgi:r: Ave., Toronto, Ontario 17. "Thieu Must be Pressured to Free Polit­ Son," Sean Rossiter, The Vancouver Sun, M5R166), 6/9/73. ical Prisoners," The Ann Arbor News, 2/22/73 3/29/73, p. 6, 7. 86. "The Forgotten Civilians in South Viet­ 18. "On the Question of Civilian Prisoners 54. "The Terrible Truth," Harriet Van namese Jails," Charles Taylor, Toronto Globe in South Vietnam", A Press Release, Saigon Horn, N.Y. Post, 3/30/73. and Mail. Embassy, London, 2/23/73 55. "Whom We Welcome," Anthony Lewis, 87. "Jails Hold Political Prisoners," Bishop 19. "Political Prisoners in South Vietnam", N.Y. Times, 3/31/73. Thomas J. Crumbleton, National Catholic NBC Nightly News, Interview by Dennis 66. "What's Left Behind," N.Y. Times, Reporter, May 11, 1973. Troute with David and Jane Barton in Sai­ 4/1/73. 88. "Saigon Strongly Denies the Allegation gon, Washington Report, 2/28/73 (6:30 PM) 57. "President Thieu, the Panhandler and of the Two Quebec Visitors" Le Devoir, 20. "Terror in Thieu's Prisons", J.P. Delvis the Private," Rep. Robert Drina.n, Congres­ 5/ 14/ 73. and Andre Menvas, American Report, Feb. sional Record, April 2, 1973, pp. 10649-10568. 89. "Study of Terror," Committee for the 1973 58. "South Vietnamese Political Prison­ Release of the Political prisoners in South 21. "Prison Witnesses", News From Viet­ ers," Rep. Harrington, Congressional Record Vietnam, Stockholm, 1973. nam, 3/1/73 (Montreal, Canada.), p. 4,5 April 2, 1973, pp. 10662-10663. 90. "Investigation Report based on Trip 22. "U.S. Thieu's Terror Against Political 59. Interview with President Thieu, Le to South Vietnam on May 16-30, 1973 on Prisoners", Tran Phu, News From Vietnam, Nouvel Obsevateur, 4/2/73. Behalf of the Canadian Branch of the Inter­ 3/1/73 (Montreal) p. 6. 60. "Judge Not," James Wechsler, N.Y. national Committee to Free South Viet­ 23. "Many New Tiger Cages" John Champ­ Post, 4/3/73. namese Political Prisoners," S. J. Noumoff lin, Washington Post, 3/ 3/ 73 61. "POW's and Thieu," Harriet Van Horne, professor of Political Science, McG1ll Uni­ 24. "South Vietnamese Describe Torture in N.Y. Post, 4/4/73. . versity. Prison's Tiger Cages" Syvia Fox, N.Y. Times, 62. Letter of 8,000 Political Prisoners in 91. Official Telegram sent by Colonel Ngu­ 3/3/73 Con Son, Win, 4/6/73, p. 3. yen Van Crau, Bureau Chief of National 25. "Saigon's Political Prisoners Tell of 63. Official Telegram, Text No. 7167/N2/B, Phoenix Committee to all Provincial Chiefs Torture", Jacques Leslie, L.A. Times, 3/4/ 73 April 5, 1973, on behalf of the National Po­ and Security Committees, dated April 5, P 1, 10-A lice Command, General Secretary of the Na­ 1973 published in La Monde, May 17, 1973. 26. "Saigon to Trade Off Chan", Henry S. tional Council of Operation Phoenix, Chief 92. The Forgotten Prisoners of Nguyen Van Bradsher, Washington Star-News, 3/ 5/ 73 of the Office, Colonel Nguyen Van Gia.u. Thieu, by a group of French University Pro­ 27. "Tiger Cages and Our Foreign Policies", 64. "The PW Show," Pete Hammill, New fessors, Paris, May, 1973. Rep. Augustus Hawkins, Congressional Rec­ York Post, 4/6/73. 93. "Thieu's Political Prisoners," A Re­ ord. 3/7/73 ("Tiger Cage" Victims cite South 65. The "Reada.ptation Camps", in Phong port by Hans Gooran Frank, Secretary Gen­ Vietnamese Torture by Jacques Leslie) Din Province (Delta) Conradin Prison Red eral International Commission of Inquiry 28. "Skeleton-Like Men Tell of Torture in Cross Report VII, April 7, 1973. into US Crimes in Ind~hina, June 1, 1973. Saigon's Tiger Cages", Roland Pierre Parin­ 66. "Our Honor in Cages", Don Lure, News­ 94. "Senator Kennedy Charges Adminis­ ga.ux, Toronto Star, March 7, 1973, p. 69. day, April 8, 1973. tration Cover-up and Deception on Prisons 29. "Shackled in the Tiger Cages of Con 67. "The POW's Story", NY Times-Edi­ and Political Prisoners in South Vietnam and Son", Anthony Lewis, The Irish Times, Dub­ torial, April 8, 1973. Urges President to Withdraw Funding for lin, March 7, 1973. 68. "Riot Police Hold · Off Protestors as Public Safety Purposes", Senator Edward 30. "Released from Tiger Cages, Ex-Pris­ Thieu Confers with Pope", Odette Mengin Kennedy, Press Release, June 4, 1973 oners Give Details", Roland Pierre Paringaux, AP, NY Post, April 9, 1973. 95. "Prisons and Political Prisoners in Des Moines Register, March 7, 1973. 69. "A Different Protest", Toby Marko­ South Vietnam, speech by Senator Edward 31. "Prisoners Tell About Torture", Jacques witz-Letters to the Editor, NY Post, April 9, Kennedy, reprinted in the Congressional Rec­ Leslie, L.A. Times, March 8, 1973, p. 1, 2-A. 1973. ord, June 4, 1973, pp. 17839-17849. 32. Letter from Students and Pupils Im­ 70. "Thieu Triumph", James Wechsler, NY 96. "Prisons and Political Prisoners in prisoned in South Vietnam to the President Post, April 10, 1973. South Vietnam", Press Release from Senator of Four Delegations of the ICCS & the Presi­ 71. "Thieu Visits Pope, Who Bids Him Free Edward Kennedy, 6/4/73 dents of the Military of the Four Parties, Political Prisoners", NY Times, April 10, 97. "Prisons and Political Prisoners in Saigon, March 10, 1973. 1973. South Vietnam", Senator Edward Kennedy, 33. "The Other Prisoners", Tom Wicker, 72. "Of prisoners, Torture and the Antiwar Congressional Record, June 4, 1973 119, #84 N.Y. Times, March 11, 1973, PE-15. Movement", Letters to the Editor, NY Times, 98. UAW Council of Canada Urges the Re­ 84. "Saigon's Instant Criminals" (Peri­ April 12, 1973. lease of Political Prisoners, Fort Elgin, On­ scope) Newsweek, March 12, 1973, p. 17. 73. "Thieu Visit", Orion Mehus, Letters to tario June 8-10, 1973 35. "Saigon May Release Thieu Foe to the Editor, NY Times, April 14, 1973. 99. "Minh Bids Saigon End Curb on Crit ­ Victory", Charles Mohr, N.Y. Times, March 74. "Prisoners-Forever Amber", Francis ics", AP, N.Y. Times, 6/5/73 12, 1973. Starner, Far Ea.stern Economic Review, April 100. The Canadian United Auto Workers' 36. "The Italian Committee to Save the 16, 1973, p. 15-20. Resolution from the National Council Meet­ Political Prisoners in South Vietnam", Press 76. "Face the Nation", CBS News, Guest ing in Port Elgin, June 9, 1973 "Rapes Bulletin, March 12, 1973. Nguyen Van Thieu, Reporters George Her­ Thieu", Resolution #7. Political Prisoners in 87. "South Viets Violate Pact on POW's", man (CBS News), Peter Arnett (AP) and South Vietnam Tom Wicker, N.Y. Times, March 13, 1973. Marvin Kalb (CBS News), April 18, 1973, 101. Letter to Don Luce from Huynh-Tan­ 38. Le Monde, March 16, 1973. 11:30 AM-12 Noon Washington, D.C. Mam, Former President of Vietnam National 39. Patricia De Beer, Le Monde, March 16, 76. "1600 Held on Island, Saigon Deputy Student Union, Chis Hoa Prison, Saigon, 1973. Says", NY Times, April 19, 1973. June 11, 1973 40. "The Other Prisoners", Time, March 19, 77. "Visit to South Vietnam", Thelma 102. Testimony of John Champlin, MD. to 1973. Baker Report, April 19-26, 1973. House Foreign Affairs Committee, 6/11/73 41. "Con Son Prisoners", David De Voss, 78. "Civilian Release Due in South", NY 103. "Misuse of Tax Fund for Saigon's Po­ Time, March 19, 1973. Times, April 25, 1973. lice and Prison Systems", Women Strike for 42. "Vietnam- the other Prisoners", Time, 79. "Saigon Uses Torture", Michal Cleroux, Peace, Press Statement, June 11, 1973 March 19, 1973. Voice of Women, (Toronto), April, 1973, p. 1. 104. "Thieu Refuses to Discuss Prisoner 43. "Silence Greets POW's Ta.le", Mary 80. "General Mish Proposes Political Pro­ Situation", Ngo Vinh Tong, Boston Phoenix, McCrory, N.Y. Post, March 20, 1973. gram", NY Times, May 2, 1973. June 26, 1973 44. "Who wm Ask Thieu", Mary McCrory, 81. "Report on Con Son Prison", The Com­ 106. "Statement of Senator James Abour­ Time, March 19, 1973. mittee to Reform the Prison System of ezk before the Senate Foreign Relations 45. Statement by The International Red South Vietnam, May 5, 1973. Committee on SVN Political Prisoners", Sen­ Cross Committee (ICRC), March 21, 1973. 82. "South Vietnam: A Question l)f Tor­ ator James Abourezk 46. "Tiger Cages Restrict Peace Possibility", ture," Broadcast 5/7/73 in London, England, 106. Committee letter from Father Chan Rep. Charles Rangel, Congressional Record, World in Action Series, Granada Television Tin on behalf of the Committee to reform March 22, 1973, H2104. (British Independent Broadcasting Author­ the prison system to ICCS, Heads of Buddhist 47. "A Young Frenchmen Accuses Thieu ity). and Catholic Religions and Chairperson of of Destroying the Opposition", Clement 83. Letter from Nguyen Van Trung, Chair­ the Senate, June 30, 1973 Trudel, Le Devoir, 23, 24, & 27 March, 1973. person, to Senator J. W. Fulbright, Chair­ 107. "Union Leader dies in Vietnam Pris­ 48. "Peace Candidates Freed by Saigon" AP person for the Improvement of the Prison on", Fox Butterfield, NY Times, July 4, 1973 N.Y. Times, March 27, 1973. Regime in South Vietnam May 6, 1971. 108. "Torture Charges Denied by Saigon", 49. "Beyond Dzu's Release," N.Y. Post. 84. "Canadians Urge Check of Vietnam Ci- AP, NY Times, 7/10/73 June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18343 109. "Release for the Prisoners", lsstte, 143. "War is not Pea<:e", B1·onson P. Clarke, 2. Floor Speech, 4/ 2/ 73. 3. "Thieu's Policies", Editorial from N.Y. June 1973 NY Times, 12/10/73 110. Interview with Thieu, Vietnam Report, 144. "Indochina. Aid", Senator George Times, The Nation, The War Resisters League, 7/ 15/ 73 . ' McGovern, Congressional Record, 12/11/73 4 / 3/ 73, p. 10874. 111. "Report on Quang Ngai Province since 145. "Profiles of Vietnamese Who Are Now 4. The Pope and Thieu's Prisoners", Speech the January Ceasefire", Jane and David Political Prisoners", American Report, and N.Y. Times article of April 10, 4/ 10/ 73, p. 11711. Barton, 7 /18/73 12/ 24/ 73 112. "South Vietnam: School of Hard 146. "Saigon Reports Accord on POW's", 5. "Political Prisoners in South Viet Nam: An Appeal from Leading Lawyers and Clergy Newsweek, Reuters, NY Times, 12/28/73 Knocks", July 23, 1973 in Japan", Congressional Record, Extension 113. "Clandestine Document Assails South 147. "The POW's We Left Behind", Fred Vietnam on Prisoners", Thomas Lippman, Branfman, Ramparts, 12/73 of Remarks, 5/ 9/73, p. 15115. 148. "Political Prisoners in South Viet­ 6. Documents on South Vietnamese Pris­ Washington Post, 7/27/ 73 9/ 13/73, 29747. 114. "Thieu's Ex-friend Spurns Amnesty nam" Amnesty Report, Amnesty Interna­ oners, p. 7. Remarlcs on DOD appropriations, 12/ 20/ Offer", Joseph B. Treaster, NY Times, 7 / 28/ 73 tional Publications (53 Theobald Road, Lon­ 73. p. 42895. 115. "Peace with Honor", Anthony Lewis, don, England) 149. "The Situation to Date", Amnesty In­ 8. "More Millions for South Viet Nam", Ex­ NY Times, July 1973 tension of Remarks, 3/ 20/74, p. 7546. 116. Open letter to all groups and indi­ ternational Report, London, 1/ 9/ 74 150. "Breaking Faith in Vietnam", Richard 9. "Political Prisoners in South Viet Nam", viduals concerned about the problem of pol­ Extension of Remarks, 3 / 21/ 74, p. 7829. itical prisoners in South Vietnam from stu­ A. Falk, The Nation, 1/12/74 151. "What of the Missing?", The New Re­ 10. Remarks during debate opposing aid to dents and intellectuals now being held as Viet Nam 4/ 4/74, p. 9853, further remarks political prisoners in South Vietnam, August p1tblic, 1/19/74 152. "Political Prisoners in South Viet­ p. 9825. 8, 1973 11. Letters from Saigon legislators, 4/ 4/ 74, 117. "The Role of the Security Commissions nam", Rep. William Archer, Congression,al Record, 1/22/74 p . 9875. in South Vietnam", by Dr. Nguyen Due Guy, 12. "Political Prisoners in South Viet Senator South Vietnam, January 1973 153. "American Group Charges 'Police State', Starvation in Vietnam", Stephen Wer­ Nam", 4/9/74, p. 9373. 118. "Torture by Saigon in Jails Reported" 13. Open letter to Ambassador to South Sidney H. Schanberg, NY Times, 8/13/ 73 roiel, Boston Globe, 1/22/ 74 154. "Special on South Vietnam Torture Viet Nam, Graham Martin, Extension of Re­ 119. "Australia Protests on Political Pris­ marks, 5/ 1/ 74, p. 12756. oners" Washington Post, 8 / 14/73, p.A-8 Indictment of Thieu Regime", Boston Globe, 120. "Deceiving the American People", Don 1/22/ 74 Luce (A response to State Department and 155. "Critic of Saigon Regime under House Saigon Allegations about Political Prisoners Arrest", AP, Washington Star-News, 1/27/ 74 in South Vietnam), American Friends Service 156. "NY Man Visits South Vietnam Con­ ASSESSING THE WAR ON POVERTY Committee Indochina Program, August, 1973 cludes his Son Died in Vain", Stephen'. Wer­ 121. "Saigon Imprisons Heads of 3 Unions", niel, Boston Globe, 1/27/74 Fox Butterfield, NY Times, 9/4/ 73 157. "The 'Cease-fire War' Goes on", Rich­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL 122. Testimony on Political Prisoners in ard Dudman, St. Louis Post Dispatch, 1/27/74 OF NEW YORK 158. "Dissident's Son Released", NY Times, South Vietnam to the Asian and Pacific Af­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fairs Subcommittee of the Committee on 1/ 28/74 Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 159. "Saigon and Vietcong to Resume Pris­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 oner Exchange Next Week, Breaking Dead­ by David and Jane Barton, 9/9/73 M!·. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, 1974 is a 123. "Thieu tightens his Grip", American lock", David Shipler, NY Times, 2/2/74 160. "The Indochina Peace Pledge Legisla­ Report, 9/10/73, p. 1, 6 year for recording milestones of progress 124. Testimony of John Champlin, MD to tion: An analysis", Hon. Ronald Dellums, toward racia.I equality in this country. the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congressional Recor xtensions of Remarks, The 20th anniversary of Brown against Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee, 9/13/ 2/ 4/ 74 Board of Education has inspired analysis 73, "Regarding the Prison System in Southern 161. "Ying Kelly: US Ambassador Claims No Political Prisoners", Congressional Record, of and comment on the efficacy of de­ Vietnam" Extension of Remarks, (Inserted by Hon. segregation in equalizing public education 125. "Dear Colleague", Letter by Repre­ 2/5/74 for all schoolchildren. Another impor­ sentative Augustus F. Hawkins, 9/13/ 73 Ronald Dellums) 162. "South Frees 200 Viet Cong Captives", 126. "Senate Liberals Will Oppose Aid to tant anniversary has virtually escaped Tammy Arbuckle, Washington Star-News Saigon Police", Seymour M. Hersh, NY Times, notice: 1974 marks OEO's 10th birthday 2/8/74 , and its death. 9/ 16/73 163. "State Department Bars Viet Jail 127. "Paying for Thieu's Police", Time, To become full-fledged, equal partic­ Probe", Jeremiah O'Leary, Washington Star­ 9/17/73 News, 2/9/74 ipants in all levels and aspects of Ameri­ 128. "Foreign Aid and the Plight of Polit­ _164. "Four Silent Men in a Saigon Cell", can life, blacks need education and eco­ Washington ical Prisoners" Mary McCrory, Victor Britta.in, London Times, 2/11/74 nomic power. Brown confronted the Star-News, 9/18/73, p. A-5 165. "Law and Injustice", Robert Ransom, former requirement. Ten years ago, 129. "Statement of Fred Branfman", Con­ American Report, 2/14/74 President Johnson declared a war on gressional Record, 166. "Nguyen Tong Released from Prison" 130. "Aiding Foreign Police", Minneapolis poverty to achieve the latter. The re­ Washington Post, 2/24/74 ' cently abolished Office of Economic Tribune, 9/20/73 167. "US Supports Saigon Prisons?", Jona­ 131. Washington Post, Thomas Lippman, than Gray, Christian Science Monitor 3/6/74 Opportunity won several skirmishes in 9/ 25/73 168. "Man Who Remains a Captive' in Sa.i· spite of the complexity of the problems 132. "Caged by Saigon", Fred Branfman, gon", Victor Brittain, London Times, 3/7/74 it faced. In addition to substantive pro­ NY Times, 9/27/73 169. "Vietnamese Complete POW Ex­ grams, OEO achieved an intangible but 133. "Political Prisoners in South Viet­ change", David Shysler, NY Times, 3/9/74 important psychological change in the nam", Report of the Italian Mission of In­ _170. "Big Minh Issues Open letter", Dien attitudes of and toward poor people. As quiry, Pastor Tullio Vinay and Son Enrico Tin, (Saigon Newspaper), 3/10/74 Chiavacci, September, 1973 171. "Indigenous Allens", Phi Bong Far Roger Wilkins indicates in the follow­ 134. "Saigon Opposition Regroups, Makes Eastern Economic Review, 3/11/74 ing article from June 4 New York a Cautious Comeback", Mathew Seiden, 172. "Buddist Delegation Halted in Effort Times, the poor are no longer invisible, Baltimore Sun, 11/2/73 to Visit Saigon Jail", NY Times 3/12/ 74 and they are no longer powerless: 135. "A Soft Touch", Hai An, Far Eastern 173. "Viet Protesters Ask Release of Stu­ THE WAR ON POVERTY: 10 YEARS LATER Economic Review, 11/5/73 dent", Philip A. Mccombs, Washington Post 136. "White Mice? Not Any More," US News (By Roger Wilkins) 3/17/74 ' The House of Representatives voted the and World Report, 11/5/73 174. "Draft Dodging Vietnam Style", 137. "Fight over the Dismissal of Union other day to repeal the Economic Oppor­ Leader", London Times, 11/6/7:1 Philip A. Mccombs, Washington Post, 3/23/ 74 tunity Act of 1964 and to let the Office ot 138. "Tenacious Ba Thank vs. Thieu", Dan­ 175. "A Document Presented by the Viet­ Economic Opportunity die next month. The iel Rodill, Chicago Tribune, 11/18/73 namese Community on Political Prisoners in Senate is likely to follow suit. The Times 139. "South Vietnam Unions Boycott Oil South Vietnam", Agence France Presse, Paris, reported that "few members . . . rose to Company Goods", London Times, 11/21/73 3/24/74 mourn the end of the agency," which had 140. "Reports 60 Nations are Using Tor­ I have spoken on this subject many been intended by President Johnson to bring ture", UPI, St. Louis Post Dispatch, 12/3/73 "total victory" in the war against poverty. 141. "Plea. for Prisoners", Agence Fl'ance­ times and inserted documents in the REC­ The mind ran back ten years to the spririg Presse, Washington Post, 12/5/73 ORD, as follows: of 1964 when Bill Moyers turned from a 142. Document of the Vietnamese Com­ 1. "Terror in Thieu's Prisons", from Amer­ visitor in his White House office, punched his munity on Torture in South Vietnam, AFP ican Report, Congressional Record, Extension telephone console with the heel of his shoe Paris, 12/10/73 ' of Remarks, 3 / 15/ 73, p. 8326. and took a • caU from a Congressman who

. j ~ 18344 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 wasn't sure what he thought about the been laid to await the next cycle of legisla­ point,. and both Houses have passed legisla­ poverty proposals. There was Texas oll in tive creativity. tion calling. for the crucial base I just out­ Mr. Moyers' voice but steel !n the political It wasn't "total victory" but it was a good lined in the battle to reduce our fire loSGes. turkey he was talking. When he was through, beginning. And it was far from the total Each bill calls for a national fire train­ the man's vote was firm. failure and the unmitigated mess its de­ ing and education system-a fire academy The White House heat was on. Though tractors claimed it to be. system-a. national fire data system, re­ incubated under John F. Kennedy. the search and development on fire problems. poverty program was to be Lyndon B. John­ and programs to help burn victims. Each bill son's first major legislative effort. He wanted places responsibility for a new Federal agen­ a win badly, and he got it. REMARKS BY DR. BETSY cy in the Department of Commerce. Since The field was brand new. and idealists, these elements are common to both bills, we visionaries, politicians, hustlers--bureau­ ANCKER-JOHNSON can expect them to be included in the final cratic and otherwise-and, ultimately, the Act. poor all rushed in. Sargent Shriver donned Although some aspects of the final version a new hat and soon his intense driving brand HON. JOHN W. DAVIS of the legislation are as yet undetermined, I of structured chaos turned O.E.O. into the OF GEORGIA would like to describe how the Department hottest shop In Washington. In the country­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Commerce regards its forthcoming assign­ side, the booklet of community action guide­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 ment of the steps we are taking toward the lines became. for a itme, a new Bible. An formation of the new Bureau. instant body of Talmudic scholarship sprang Mr. DAVI;S of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, First: we will form a fire Advisory Commit­ up around the words "maximum feasible on Monday, May 20, I had the pleasure tee composed of representatives from all parts participation of the poor." of addressing the annual convention of of the fire community. This Committee will Congressmen and mayors quickly became the National Fire Protection Association include persons representing the following leery. The voiceless poor were becoming a. interest and expertise: loud unmanageable rabble-containing, in­ in Miami, Fla. Adding to that pleasure Fire Prevention Experts. cidentally. the seedbeds of viable new power was the fact that the Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting and Training Experts. rivalries-with which they had to contend. Control Act of 1974, which had already Fire Data Specialists. Horror stories about mismanagement, dis­ passed the Senate by a vote of 62 to 7, Public Information and Media Profession- courtesy. radicalism and thievery were soon had just passed the House of Representa­ als. being fed back to gleeful conservatives in tives by a vote of 352 to 12. Building Code and Design Officials. Congress. Beneath all the clamor, however, Appearing on the same program was Exper,ts in Insurance Matters. real change began to occur. New programs Consumer Representatives. were developed out of community action. my good friend and the much admired Physicians. Among them: Headstart, Legal Services, in­ Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assistant Manufacturers. novative manpower efforts and new health­ Secretary of Commerce for Science and Consumer Representatives. delivery programs. But the main develop­ Technology. I was so impressed with her And Others as Appropriate. ment was that groups of hitherto powerless remarks that I wanted to share the fol­ Members of the Joint Council of Fire Serv­ people had, for the first time, the opportunity lowing comments with my colleagues: ice Organizations Will be central on the Com­ to handle sufficient amounts of money to REMARKS BY DR. BETSY ANCKER-JOHNSON mittee. Our goal is to have not only these generate for themselves the beginnings of I am delighted to be here today to dis­ stalwarts on the Commitee, but to have rep­ some power. They also developed government cuss the role of the Federal government in resentatives from every facet of the complex m.anagement skills and new community serv­ reducing our nation's appalling losses from "fire community" as well. The Committee ices opportunities for people who needed fire. must be carefully composed of advisers who jobs. The distinguished gressman from Geor- are informed on every aspect of this issue It was not a neat and tidy process, and gia, Mr. Davis, has described the legislation that touches upon the life of every American. hostility grew. President Johnson became he has done so much to bring into being­ The importance of this Advisory Committee disenchanted and left office Without fully leglslation whose purpose is to make a con­ cannot be overemphasized. It will be helping comprehending the real accomplishments of certed attack on our dreadful fire problem. to establish a government agency to accom­ the program. Over time, Richard M. Nixon He has articulated horrifying statistics, and plish our national goal of cutting in half became a determined foe of O.E.O. He suc­ I shall not repeat them. Nevertheless, I can­ our fire losses in one generation. ceeded in dismantling it and in scattering not begin Without re-emphasizing the hu­ Steps have been ta.ken already to draw up the programs all ever the domestic side of man dimension of this national tragedy. a charter and select the sorts of members I'm the Government. 'I'he idea of a focal point Fatalities are our primary concern. But describing. We are looking not only for highly for poverty in t:he Government-a place those who survive injury by fire endure inde­ experienced, qualified people, but for people where advocacy, e:valuation planning and scribable pain. Severe burns cause damage who are dedicated, who will donate at least governmental oversight could come to­ to vital organs, necessitating prolonged and two days per month for a year for Committee gether-is dead. meetings, and who will serve on associated But the legacy is real. Legal Services­ complex medical treatment. Victims and subcommittees. It will be a. very demanding thought by many to be the most effective their families are drained financially and term of public service to assist in what I and economical tool in the effort to empower psychologically and society pays indirectly believe to be a very important task. the poor-seems fairly sure to win its perilous through loss of productive working time. The Committee will offer advice regarding two-year fight for survival. Headstart appears Those who fight fires work in the most the organizational framework of the new to be a permanent $500-million Federal ef­ dangerous occupation in the country. Many Bureau. The Committee Will carefully moni­ fort. Community action-supported by a pay with their lives, sacrifices that must be tor the early development of the new Bureau broad coalition of governors and mayors, in­ swiftly reduced. including its practices and policies. We expect cluding George C. Wallace--seems destined Clearly, America's losses from fire, the it to make major contributions to the new to continue in some form or another as a worst in the industrial world, must be radi­ Bureau's long term strength. kind of ombudsman for those who need gov­ cally reduced. Our commitment is to see The Director, in keeping with the legisla­ ernmental services. The House bill would that a national fire prevention program ts tion, will be selected and appointed by the send it to Health, Education and Welfare. established as quickly and effectively as is President. Secretary Dent and I have been Senator Jacob K. Javits intends to try to set humanly possible. giving consideration to the advice which we up a new independent Community Action­ In August 1973, I testified before the Sci­ may suggest to the President regarding the Community Development Administration. ence, Research and Commerce Subcommit­ qualifications of the new Director for Presi­ Whichever form finally emerges, barring a tee of the House Committee on Science and dential consideration. These qualifications veto, Mr. Nixon seems to have lost his fight Astronautics (Mr. Davis' subcommittee) on may include: to destroy the heart of the anti-poverty the pressing need for fire legislation. During Should be a prominent figure in the fire effort. testimony, I especially stressed the need community; for a systems manag JMent approach to a Should have experience with firefighting The principal legacy is that the poor are national fire prevention program. and prevention; a little stronger, ~onsiderably more self-aware I told the Committee, and the Senate Should be familiar with the national fire and somewhat more self-sufficient. In many Commerce Committee a month later, that problem; instances, their vision of their own potential a three-pronged attack is an essential base Philosophically, should have the view that has been enlarged. There ts around the coun­ for fire legislation. This attack must in­ the national fire program is to supplement try a network of poor people and their ad­ clude an education and training program, a local programs, and not supplant them; vocates who know something about manipu­ fire data. system, and a research and de­ Should be skillful in working with people lating the system in order to allevia-:;e velopment program, united by a single, inte­ who hold different views, With the ability to poverty. That network did not exist in 1964. grated systems management approach. bring them to concensus; Citizen participation has become a part of Both Houses of Congress and the Execu­ Should have demonstrated management our legislative landscape. The "invisible tive Branch have used "America Burning," skills; poor" have become visible and.have entered the report of the National Commission on Another priority of the Committee will be the nation's consciousness. A foundation has Fire Prevention and Control, as a starting to advise us on the detailed organization of June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18345 ; the new Bureau. We now see the Bureau as If all these experts work together we can the Headquarters, the hub of the National being composed of the following units: effectively control fire hazards. We'll need Academy System. National Fire Data System. the expertise of architects, construction engi· The participation of the fire services them• National Academy System. neers, applied. technologists, and scientists. selves will be essential to the success of the Research and Development Program. We'll need the help of building code officials Fire Academy. By both advising us on how to Public Awareness Program. and the voluntary standards groups such as proceed and in providing capable, experi­ Let me emphasize again the goal proposed NFPA. As the Nation's fire services turn more enced personnel to help staff the Academy. by the National Commission, namely the re­ and more to prevention activities-inspec• the fire services will prove integral to a duction by 50 percent of the Nation's fire tions, public education, and the like-they smooth-working system. We'll also need spe­ losses in one generation. We believe this is will add a new dimension to the effort to cialists in education for the development of a difficult but attainable objective. We shall remove unreasonable fire risks from our sur• education and training materials, and peo· focus on saving lives but expect economic roundings. ple experienced in operating tralntng losses to be reduced dramaticall:- also. The There will al ways be unexpected careless­ institutions. fire problem is complex. Attacking it success· ness and accidents that start fires. Protection In summary, the formation of a National fully necessitates marshaling a host of dif· from these requires an ever-vigilant well· Bureau of Fire Prevention is the central ferent talents and integrating them into a equipped fire service. The firefighter's job is focus of both the Legislative and Executive team able to work together toward our com­ dangerous, demanding work; we all know Branches' effort to fight fire. It ls clear we mon objective. that. Some two hundred firemen die in the need a multi-disciplinary approach. Our Now I'd like to describe briefly this team, line of duty each year, making theirs the challenge is to assemble all these talents and namely the four units of the new Bureau as most hazardous job in the country. We owe forge them into a solid front. We must find we see them at this time. the firefighters a great deal. Certainly there a balanced leadership capable of doing thls NATIONAL FIRE DATA SYS'f'EM must be a major effort to improve the tech· with a Ininimum of delay. I am confident 1f; nology they use, such as protective equip­ can be done, with the advise and partlclpa.­ We must collect more and better data on ment. The fire services need the most modern fire incidents to gain a more detailed under­ tion of those with expertise to offer. Your procedures and facilities. The technology help and the help of the entire fire commu­ standing of what we are up against. The on­ necessary for the firefighter will be the re­ going systems such as your Uniform Fire nity will be essential if we a.re indeed to re• sponsibility of the new Bureau. Its develop­ duce our Nation's terrible losses from fire. Incident Reporting System (UFIRS), the ment will require a close partnership between Consumer Product Safety Commission's Na­ fire technologists and experienced firefighters. ·{ tional Electronic Injury Surveillance System, the various state reporting systems from cor­ NATIONAL FmE ACADEMY SYSTEM 1 oners and fire marshals, the National Bureau The Fire Academy System, headed by a CLARKE-McNARY ACT OF 1924 .J of Standards' Flammable Fabrics Accident superintendent, will provide training for fire­ i Cases Testing System (FFACTS) and their fighters across the Nation. A major effort to National Fire Loss Survey being done in con­ provide better training must be provided. HON. JULIA BUTLER HANSEN junction with the Bureau of Census-all The U.S. already has many existing train· these and others must be fed into a central ing establishments. Large urban fire depart­ OF WASHINGTON data bank within an integrated system. ments typically have their own training divi· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sions which handle recruits and specialist The central data bank will become the Thursday, June 6, 1974 heart of the National Fire Data System. It is training. Smaller and volunteer departments already being pilot-tested at the National are often served by State vocational training Mrs. HANSEN of Washington. Mr. Bureau of Standards. We plan to transfer it offices, or by State university or community Speaker, June 7, 1974, is the 50th anni­ to the new fire Bureau as soon as the Bu· colleges. This informal system is not uni· versary of an extremely significant piece reau is formed. Data specialists will be re­ form in quality and varies from region to re­ of forestry legislation-the Clarke-Mc­ cruited to implement the program. gion. The education and training program we propose would help improve the existing Nary Act of 1924. This legislation set the PUBLIC AWARENESS State and local fire education and training stage for Federal-State cooperation over The collection of data is essential to all capability. the years in carrying out key activities to aspects of the formation of a fire prevention Several existing state training schools will help insure the protection and perpetu­ bureau-with one exception. We don't need be upgraded to provide regional centers for ation of our Nation's forestry resources. to gather data in order to recognize one job training Iniddle-level firemen in techniques which has been long ignored. This is the task of strategy and tactics not available locally. Congress, in passing the Clarke-McNary of educating the public. We must increase Certain of these centers will undoubtedly Act, recognized the need for a new ap­ public awareness of fire prevention. This will specialize in areas of interest to a certain proach in meeting the tremendous prob­ re_quire specialists in psychology, public opin· region. For example, wildfires might be a top lems then existing on the Nation's pri­ ion, and public education through the media. priority in western regions. In Texas and vately owned forest lands. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Oklahoma, fires at the oil well-head are a For several years forest fires had been One of the most important tasks we face special problem. In densely populated areas, rampant throughout the land. Much of is the elimination of unreasonable fire haz­ high-rise fires must be addressed, and so on. the Nation's forest resource was going ards in our environment. A fire hazard typi· Prevention programs will be emphasized as well as inspection programs and public up in smoke. In addition, millions of ca.Uy arises not from the presence of a par· acres were badly in need of reforestation ticular material, but from the combination education. Among other things the Academy of a particular material used in a specific System would provide course material for to both reclaim and protect the land dev­ way, exposed to a certain probability of igni· specialized and advanced training programs. astated by fire, and to restock depleted tion. Consider the total system. It is not Such courses might cover prevention of tank lands. very helpful to condemn wholesale, say, the car fires, chemical, and other special hazards. The Clarke-McNary Act established use of cellular plastics. It may be very much There is also a need to develop advanced the concept of a Federal-State partner­ to the point, however, to consider controlling training materials and new types of courses ship in meeting the needs of private for­ the use of certain such plastics as insulation at the management or command level in co­ operation with State universities. For exam­ estry in fire protection, procurement, in living areas. production and distribution of trees and Each situation must be viewed in its broad· ple, areas such as examination structure and est context. To do so effectively requires promotion policy, resource deployment, use improved forest management. Th~ act combining the talents of many-manufac­ of computers, and municipal budgeting and recognized the importance of establish­ turers of materials, ranging from plastics to finance should be strengthened. ing strong forestry organizations at the wood furniture; fire prevention experts; fire· The training program will have a function State level. It recognized that such State fighting and training experts; fire data spe­ broader than firefighter training. There will forestry organizations would play the key cialists; educators and public information be courses for other persons needing fire role in bringing adequate protection and experts; building code and design officials; safety information, such as code officials, improved management to privately­ insurance experts; consumer representatives; building inspectors, equipment manufactur­ owned forest land. medical doctors, and others. Through every.. ers, and industrial fire safety managers. day experience, :firefighters contribute to the Moreover, the program will develop material These were the concerns, and the vast a.mount of knowledge that must be ac.. for public educators. Here the approach will hopes, when President Coolidge signed cumulated and organized effectively. They be to develop specific information for spe­ the act on June 7, 1924. Following enact­ notice, for example, the color of smoke, a cific audiences. Statistical data will be used ment of the Clarke-McNary Act, forestry transient phenomenon, which aids in the to identify problem areas and appropriate within the United States took on a new analysis of fire. The experiences and impres· audiences. life. The 25 participating States repre­ sions of those who risk their lives to fight A central program will be established for senting close to half of the privately fire must be gathered systematically and uti.. command courses and courses in public ad· owned forest lands in America moved lized to prevent future fires. ministration for senior officers. This Will be quickly to set up State forestry organiza- 18346 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 tions to work cooperatively with forestry Other sections of the act dealt with billion was in the form of grants to pay for agencies at the Federal level, and with enlargement of the National Forest Sys­ the arms that were rushed to Israel la.st Oc­ individuals and associations at the State tem. They provided for the addition of tober; the balance is to be in loans, span­ ning a three-year period. As a result, the and local level. suitable lands in public ownership to the Israel taxpayer has carried a huge foreign Under one provision of the act the national forests, and for enlargement by currency debt burden for many years, by Federal Government set up a fund, to purchase, gift or exchange of certain pri­ far the largest in the world. be matched by the States, to assist in vate owned land. Over the years, 580,000 It is largely for this reason that the Amer­ the critical area of ii.re protection. In acres have been added through purchase ican Israel Public Affairs Committee, speak­ 1925, when the .first $200,000 was appro­ for the production of timber, protection ing for many _major American Jewish orga­ priated for this effort it seemed like a of navigable streams, or irrigation, and nizations, has proposed that the foreign as­ great deal of money, but the funds al- 355,000 acres have been acquired through sistance program now pending before Con­ gress be revised in order to increase the . located by the States not only matched, donation. Another 1 7 million acres of a.mount of grant assistance for Israel from but exceeded the Federal contribution. cutover of denuded forest lands have $50 million, the figure proposed by the ad­ Today, 73 percent of our Nation's com­ been added to the national forests within ministration, to $250 _million. In addition, mercial forest lands, approximately 363 authorities granted under the act. our Committee has urged that $100 mlllion million acres, are in private ownership. The foresight of our colleagues, Rep­ of the $300 million in military credits for The protection and management of these resentative Clarke of New York, and Israel be transformed into a grant. and other forest and related rural lands Senator McNary of Oregon, deserves to We urge this not solely because the admin­ is vital to our Nation's economic, social, istration has proposed to send $427.5 million be brought to the attention of this body in grant military and support assistance to and environmental health. and to all Americans on this 50th an­ Egypt and Jordan, and possibly an addi­ As a result of Federal-State coopera­ niversary of the act. It is an outstanding tional $100 million to Syria. We submit the tion authorized under Clarke-McNary, example of successful congressional and case for a more equitable program for Israel fire protection is now provided on more executive responsiveness to the needs of partly because her people are the highest than 626 million acres of privately owned the people, and to our Nation's natural taxed in the world, partly because the Arab forested and related lands. The tremen­ heritage. It is of special significance since attack last October dealt a severe blow to dous significance of this effort is reflected it also stands as an outstanding example Israel's economony, and partly because the in the great reduction in acres devastated of successful Federal-State partnership arms balance may now be shifting danger­ by fires and in the number of fires. In 1924 ously against Israel because of the reckless in getting a job done. proliferation of sophisticated weapons, both 92,000 fires were reported in 25 States. by the Soviet bloc and by Western coun­ burning over 29 million acres of private tries, to the Arab states in Israel's lmm.ediate forest lands. Last year, with all 50 States neighborhood and to the Persian Gulf. reporting, the area of privately owned PERSPECTIVE ON U.S. AID TO I. L. KENEN, forest land burned was under 2 million ISRAEL Chairman, acres, the number of fires reported was American Israel Public Affairs Committee. 118,000. Considering that the number of WASHINGTON, fires reported represents all 50 States, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN and that the population and use of these OF MASSACHUSETTS B-1 BOMBER IS AN IDEA WHOSE areas has dramatically increased the pos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TIME HAS GONE sibility of man-caused fires, it is ap­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 parent that both prevention and con­ trol efforts have been exceedingly effec­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I repro­ HON. LES ASPIN tive. duce here an excellent letter entitled OF WISCONSIN The success of these efforts in limit­ "Perspective on U.S. Aid to Israel" from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing massive destruction of our Nation's the Washington Post on Thursday, June timber, water, wildlife, and other critical 6, 1974. This letter is written by the ex­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 forest resources is due in large part to traordinarily well informed Mr. I. L. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, an editorial efficient, progressive, and modern State Kenen, the chairman of the American in the Akron, Ohio, Beacon Journal on fores try organizations. Their efforts in Israel Public Affairs Committee of Wash­ June 4, 1974, succinctly outlines the case this area have been directed at working ington, D.C. for a careful examination of the B-1 toward a fully coordinated, unified fire The basic facts in this letter should be program. Members of this body who have control system, with effective protection kept in mind by all of us during the followed the progress of this enormously organizations set up at major fire hazard forthcoming debate concerning proposals expensive project know very well that areas throughout the country. Additional to give assistance to the nations of the many questions remain unanswered, but protection by these organizations have Middle East. the B-1 charges on. It is time to slow the potential in the future to reduce fire Mr. Kenen's letter follows: down what is more an ornament inspired damage to farm properties and rural PERSPECTIVE ON U.S. Am TO ISRAEL by Air Force traditions than a proven communities throughout the Nation. There has always been a tendency to exag­ strategic need. These activities in fire control, coupled gerate the a.mount of American assistance What the editorial says is what the with a massive program of education in which has been extended to Israel by the distinguished gentlemen from Ohio (Mr. fire prevention, are a credit to the con­ United States government because most ar­ SEIBERLING) and South Dakota (Mr. cept of Federal-State cooperative efforts ticles fall to distinguish between grants and McGOVERN) have so well detailed in their loans. recent study on the B-1 issued by Mem­ in meeting the needs of our Nation. Typical of this distortion was the UPI Another major aspect of the act was report published in The Washington Post a bers of Congress for peace through law. cooperation in the procurement, produc­ week a.go and, we assume, in many other The editorial follows: tion, and distribution of forest planting papers a.round the world. In that story the B-1 BOMBER Is AN IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS stock and tree seeds to be used for author not only indiscriminately lumped GONE establishing forest, windbreaks, shelter­ grants with loans but also confused yearly Look, up in the defense budget: more allocations. expensive than six new B-52s but no more belts and, woodlots on denuded or non­ The record of U.S. aid to Israel shows that capable of penetrating Soviet air defenses, forested lands. the largest part of this assistance was in the with a price tag that grows like cancer. It's Over the past 50 years, 14 % billion form of loans rather than grants and that a bomber; it's a bomb; it's a fiscal night­ trees have been distributed under this these loans have been repaid as they fell mare: It's a B-1 ! due. Between 1946 and 1973 the United The B-1, pushed by the Air Force as the authority. When this act was passed, ap­ States gave $58 billion in military grants to "only answer" to updating the aging B-52 proximately 80 million acres were in need many countries, but Israel never received manned bomber fleet, is buzzing Congress of planting. During the past 50 years, any grant military assistance from the right now. It hopes to grab .another $499 this has been reduced to approximately United States until last October, when she million so a fourth prototype can be built 40 million acres. Such efforts have helped was confronted by overwhelming Soviet-sup­ and the B-1 program can press on. plied firepower on her northettn and south­ Akron Rep. John Seiberling and South to avert potential timber shortages, ern frontiers. Dakota Sen. George McGovern have been reclaimed thousands of acres of land, and The administration then recommended an lea.ding efforts to shoot down the B-1, so far provided new income-producing oppor­ emergency assistance program of $2.2 bil­ to no avail. The plane survived its budget tunities in rural America. lion !or Israel, but of this amount only $1 fight through House flak, but we hope for June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18347 better aim in the Senate, which still has to MICHAEL ZONE, CHAMPION OF THE partner in a neighborhood grocery store and, consider the mmtary budget. PUBLIC INTEREST later, a travel agency. The travel agency In an era of nuclear warheads and multi­ grew out of Zone's helping immigrants to headed missiles, and of small tactical wars establish themselves. which require high-performance fighter­ When Zone was appointed to council in bombers, the B-1 doesn't flt. This military HON. JAMES V. STANTON 1960, he handled City Hall matters while program makes about as much sense as sink­ OF OHIO Mrs. Zone fielded complaints from the ward. ing billions into battlehips when the real IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. Zone or one of his two oldest daugh­ muscle now belongs to aircraft carriers and Thursday, June 6, 1974 ters is expected to succeed him in council. missile cruisers. Zone suffered a heart attack in 1958 and So far, all this rather humdrum machine Mr. JAMES v. STANTON. Mr. Speak­ has had heart problems since then. Despite has shown is the ability to soak up tax er, with a great deal of regret I announce doctors' warnings to take it easy. Zone kept money. In 1970, the Air Force said the B-1 Cleveland's loss by death of Michael up a rigorous schedule. This year's budget would cost $30 million a plane. Now it is at hearings sometimes lasted 12 hours a day. $61.5 million, and one critic, Rep. Atis Pike Zone, veteran of 14 years as a city coun­ After coming home, Zone would stay up of New York, insists the cost is really closer cilman and of nearly 25 years in service late preparing for the next day. to $75 million a plane. That's without ar­ to the community for the public good. "I was always after him to slow down," maments and sophisticated electronics Michael Zone worked hard for his city Mrs. Zone said. "He would say, 'OK, but first equipment. and was respected and admired by all I have some things to do. Then I'll take it Now the General Accounting Office re­ those who knew him. Even before his easy.' But there were always new things he veals that in the last year alone, the B-1 appointment to the city council he served wanted to get done." fiasco has ballooned into a $1.67 billion cost All day yesterday, W. 61st St., a short, shady overrun, draining tax dollars from impor­ his community in other ways, most nota­ street lined with big double houses with tant national needs. bly by helping immigrants to establish manicured lawns was clogged with cars as Rep. Seiberling is right that the B-1 is themselves in the city. Those of us who judges, councilmen and plain people "marginal" and offers only "slight advan­ knew him will sorely miss him. stopped to visit the Zone family. tages" over the existing B-52. Not only that, At this time I would like to insert into Zone was born, raised, married and went the earlier estimated $9.4 billion price tag the RECORD these newspaper articles from into business within a few blocks of the for the fleet will hit $15 billion, and Seiber­ the Cleveland Plain Dealer which de­ house at 1367 W. 6lst St., where the family ling and McGovern estimate that an $8.5 scribe the type of man that Michael Zone has lived for 14 years. billion air refueling fleet would have to be The Zones were married in 1944, two weeks built to give the bombers long range ca­ was: before he went overseas during World War MICHAEL ZONE pability. II. He was captured after the Battle of the And long range capability for what? To The cause of good government for Cleve­ Bulge and spent more than three months in head for Moscow to be blasted to shredded land has suffered a setback with the death a German prison camp. aluminum and titanium before crossing the of Councilman Michael Zone at the age of 54. After the war, he worked in a factory and Soviet bord()l'? Why put men in a cumber­ Zone was more than a trusted and con­ scientious representative of the West Side as a juvenile probation officer while attend­ some airborne target to do what a subma­ constituency he served for nearly a quarter ing John Carroll University and Fenn College. rine with Poseidon missiles can accomplish century. His field of interest in civic matters, He awoke early yesterday complaining of with greater efficiency? and his vision, extended well beyond his chest pains. Then he collapsed. A fire emer­ Somehow, the entire B-1 project smacks ward 3 base. gency squad rushed him to St. John Hospital, of one more chrome-plated gadget for the Zone made himself knowledgeable of city­ where he was pronounced dead at 2: 55 a.m. Air Force to use to employ its swollen offi­ wide problems and worked toward their solu­ Zone was active in many political, civic and cer ranks, rather than the result of cool, tion. He was a vigorous champion of the church organizations. analytical study of current te<:honology and public's interest in transit service, urban re­ In 1961, the Italian government awarded weaponry, and U.S. policy directions. newal, parks and Iakefront uses. In recent him the Star of Solidarity for his work in It is time to look objectively at the ar­ years he earned especially high marks for Italian-American relations. Last year, he was gument that we must have long-range vigilance as chairman of council's Finance named man of the year by the Cleveland Holy manned heavy bombers because "we've al­ Committee, the overseer of city spending. Name Society. ways had them." In sum, Zone was dlligent in his duty in Besides his wife, he is survived by his A heavy bomber, built primarily to deliver his city as well as to his ward, which is what mother, Elizabeth Barone Zone, and seven nuclear payloads, has only limited use in good councilmanic service is all about. children; Mary Beth, 25; Michael, 23, Mar­ brushfire wars. B-52s were used in Vietnam, garet Rose, 21; Martin, 16; Madelyn, 14; Mat­ but it is debatable how effective they were FUNERAL THURSDAY FOR CITY COUNCIL'S thew, 10, and Melissa, 8. Another son, Mark and whether they would be as effective now, MICHAEL ZONE, 54 is deceased. with recent developments in surface-to-air Cleveland City Council paid its respects The family will receive friends at the missiles. yesterday to Councilman Michael Zone, D-3, Craciun funeral home, 6204 Detroit Ave. NW, And in a full-blown nuclear war, it is hard who had been one of council's most power­ from 2 to 5 p.m. and 7 to 10 p.m. today and to imagine relying on the relatively slow ful and popular members. tomorrow. manned bomber to deliver the U.S. strike Zone, a councilman 14 years and chair­ force. man of the finance committee, died early We have nearly 8,000 strategic nuclear war­ yesterday morning, apparently of a heart heads in our arsenal, compared to only 2,600 attack. He was 54. DR. DONALD B. RICE, JR. for the Soviet Union. Each can destroy a city, Several councilmen helped draft a reso- Sanford Gottlieb, executive director of SANE, 1ution passed at last night's meeting salut­ notes that we will soon have 36 warheads for ing Zone as "one of the city's finest legis­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON each of the Soviet Union's 219 major cities, lators . . . whose sage advice was sought by OF MARYLAND plus thousands of tactical nuclear weapons, the politician and treasured by the newest and the missiles to deliver them. immigrant." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Where does the B-1 fit in this picture of But the most telling tribute was Zone's Thursday, June 6 1974 modern warfare? As a constant deterrent to own legacy: Of the 27 pieces of legislation 1 a sneak attack? Not likely. Mr. Gottlieb passed by council committees yesterday, 25 Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently, points out that even if the Russians de­ bore Zone's name as sponsor or cosponsor. Dr. Donald B. Rice, Jr., of Frederick, stroyed every American ICBM in every silo. Council President George L. Forbes said Md., was installed as president of the "A single hard-to-locate Poseidon submarine he relied more on Zone than any other Rand Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif. I could devastate 160 separate major targets in council member. want to congratulate Dr. Rice on his the Soviet Union. Instead of emulating the "He was an expert on finance," Forbes latest achievement following a distin­ Soviets in meaningless buildups, the United said. "If Mike said we were oversold on States should try to negotiate reductions in bonds, I took his word for it.' guished career in Government. overkill capacity." Mary Rose Oakar, D-8, a freshman coun­ Dr. Rice is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Rep. Seilberling made a ringing indictment cilman, said Zone had been tolerant of the Donald B. Rice of Frederick. Don Rice is of the B-1 when he said: "If nuclear war new councilmen's demand to be heard and a local businessman and former alder­ occurred ... there could be eight successive spent time helping educate them. man and mayor of the city of Frederick. nuclear missile salvos-four on each side and Mayor Ralph J. Perk, who had served in I share their pride in their son's achieve­ answering the one before-before the B-1 council with Zone, recalled he and Zone had ment. would be in a position to do any damage. The met last Thursday to talk about coopera­ war would be over before it could get into tion between the executive and legislative Dr. Donald B. Rice, Jr., graduated from action." branches. He said Zone should be remem­ St. John's High School in Frederick, re­ At a time when military spending tops $100 bered as a councilman who put the good of ceived a degree in chemical engineering billion, there is no sense in shoveling billions Cleveland first. from Notre Dame University, and served of dollars into a modernized flying dinosaur Zone's wife, Mary, had been his secretary in the U.S. Army. Following his Army like the B-1. when he was selling life insurance and his service, he worked in the Defense De- 1 18348 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1914 partment as director of cost analysis. described the amendment as an effort "to eral funding for some of our most vital pro­ After that he became assistant director slash $700 million across the board from grams: for example, $% of _a billion for drug of the Office of Management and Budget. necessary defense spending." abuse enforcement and prevention programs, At the age of 32 he was named president What the President failed to say was that $2 billion for energy research, $700 million this amendment was an effort to keep the for pollution control; and $7.5 billion for all of the Rand Corp. upcoming military budget from going any the federal education programs. higher than this year's budget, after making Or consider that the Administrati.on has allowances for pay increases and inflation. impounded nearly twice that $6 billion figure In fact, Mr. Nixon never mentioned in his from programs in such critical areas as DEMOCRATIC RESPONSE TO PRESI­ speech the total amount of his military housing, health, education, water treatment DENT'S MEMORIAL DAY ADDRESS budget for t h e -fiscal year starting July 1st: and mass transportation. Is it not outrage­ the figure is a staggering $98 billion, taking ous to pump money into an already bloated account of related items such as the A.E.C.'s defense budget to help stimulate the econ­ HON. EDWARD I. KOCH weapons program. This is $13 billion more omy while refusing to spend funds au­ OF NEW YORK than the comparable budget for the current thorized by Congress for essential domestic year. That's an increase of 15.4 %. Even after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES programs? deducting the amount of the increase that is In his Memorial Day address, President Thursday, June 6, 1974 accounted for by pay increases and inflation, Nixon also spoke disparagingly of an effort t he increase is $8 billion or 9.4%. made in the House of Representatives to Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, on June 3, No where in h is Memorial Day address did eliminate funds for the further development our distinguished colleague from New Mr. Nixon even mention these increases, of a new generation of bomber, the so-called York, Mr. JONATHAN BINGHAM, responded much less did he explain why they were B-1 bomber. This amendment was offered by to the Memorial Day address delivered necessary in a time of peace and improved my colleague from New York, Congressman by President Nixon. Mr. BINGHAM'S re­ relationships with the great communist Pike, who has had many years of experience marks were carried on WCBS radio in powers. Mr. Nixon did say "in 1974 our hopes as a member of the Armed Services Com­ New York, and I am sure they will be for a last ing peace are brighter than at any mittee. of interest to all of us. Charging the time in living memory", and he also said We already have a strategic bomber fleet "We have developed a new relationship with composed of 496 aircraft. This is four times President with making misleading, high­ the leaders of the Soviet Union, after a long larger than the Soviet bomber fleet, and the ly political, and inappropriate remarks and costly period of confrontation that be­ Soviet bombers have such liimted capabilities on Memorial Day, Mr. BINGHAM explained gan more than a quarter of a century ago." that they a.re hardly considered a factor so in some detail the recent congressional If these things are true, and I believe they far as the relative strategic nuclear ca.pa• debate on military spending and Demo­ are, why then do we have to increase our bili ties of the two superpowers are con - cratic attempts to cut it. The text of his military spending? Why do we have a military cerned. budget far larger than ever before in peace­ The proposed B-1 is supposed to have capa­ remarks follows: time? bilities superior to those of the B-52, but SPEECH OF REPRESENTATIVE JONATHAN B. At this time in our national history, our even so there is serious question as to BINGHAM, RESPONDING ON BEHALF OF THE military expenditures should be going down, whether even the B-1 would be able to reach DEMOCRATIC PARTY TO PRESIDENT NIXON'S not up. By 1948, three years after the end targets in the Soviet Union in view of the MEMORIAL DAY ADDRESS of World War II, our defense budget was less Soviets' highly sophisticated ground-to-air President Nixon began his Memorial Day than 10 % of the wartime high. Two years defensive missiles. address to the nation with appropriate com­ after the Korean war, defense spending fell And the cost of this B-1 bomber program ments on the need to remember and to to less than half of the 1952 peak. Yet today, is astronomical. In the last four years the honor those Americans who gave their lives two years after the end of American involve­ estimated cost of the B-1 program has gone in America's wars. ment in the Vietnam war, the military up from $9.4 billion to $15 billion. When He said nothing, however, about the need budget Mr. Nixon is asking for is substan­ such costs as armaments, avionics, decoy to remember, and to treat decently, those tially higher than it was at any time during missiles, a compatible fleet of new tankers Americans who served in, and survived, that tragic war. and operation and maintenance are added, America's wars. The fact is that our veterans Congressman Aspin's proposal for a cut of the estimated cost rises to $35.5 billion, mak­ are not being properly remembered. Those $700 million to keep the military budget ing this marginal weapons system the most who are on veterans' pensions find their from rising was actually a very modest pro­ costly in our history. benefits reduced when Social Security pay­ posal. In a re-port to the Congress, a distin­ And why do we need a new bomber fleet ments go up, so that in fact they are dis­ guished group of former Defense Depart­ anyway? criminated against as compared with other ment and other government officials has rec­ Without bombers, even without our force Social Security recipients. And the veterans ommended that $11-billion be cut from the of land-based intercontinental missiles, we of our most recent and unpopular war, the defense budget without in any way impair­ have in our nuclear-armed submarine fleet tragic struggle in Vietnam, are not receiving ing our national security. more than enough capability to destroy the the same kind of educational benefits their That such a large cut is not outlandish Soviet Union even after a nuclear attack World War II and Korean War predecessors upon us. It is this capability which provides can be seen from the fact that the Secretary us with an effective deterrent to any Soviet did. The necessity of correcting these injus­ of Defense admitted to a Congressional Com­ tices should have been recognized on Memo­ attack, because the Russians know that, if mittee last February that the proposed mili­ they were to start a nuclear war, they would rial Day. tary budget includes $6-billion for the pur­ Most of Mr. Nixon's address was concerned be destroyed. And there is nothing to be pose of stimulating the economy. gained, in terms of our national security, by with America's military expenditures, and Why, you may well ask, do we need to as such was most unfortunate. It was unfor­ developing the capability of destroying the stimulate the economy with additional gov­ Soviet Union's cities three or four or ten tunate, not so much for what Mr. Nixon ernment spending? As Mr. Nixon pointed out actually said, as for its innuendoes and, times over. This is what is known as "over­ most of all, its omissions. The net effect of in his most recent economic message, in­ kill.'' For us to develop this capability is not these innuendoes and omissions was a mis­ flation is the gravest problem we face, and only wasteful of our resources, but it is leading and highly political speech, inappro­ extra government spending is generally re­ bound to be regarded by the Soviets as priate for Memorial Day. garded as inflationary. threatening. Mr. Nixon praised as patriotic Americans But let's assume that, because of rising In spite of the alarmist statements that those members of the Congress who have unemployment, some additional government emerge from the Pentagon about the danger supported his demands for a sharply in­ spending ls a good idea. The fact remains of our becoming a second-rate power, the creased military budget, and he implied that that upping defense outlays is the poorest fact is that we are already far ahead of the those members who want to see the milit ary way to spend the money, for several reasons: Soviets in terms of deliverable strategic budget cut are not for a strong America. first, its impact is slow; second, defense weapons. According to the Center for Defense This is nonsense. The issue is not whether spending cannot be targeted to particular Information, an organization headed by a America should be strong-every Member of geographic depressed areas; third, military retired Admiral with a fine record in the Congress believes that--rather the issue is spending goes largely to industries employ­ Navy, the U.S. has three times as many ing skilled, well-paid workers, whereas un­ strategic nuclear warheads as the Soviet, whether America must also be threatening, 7940 as against 2600, and ls continuing to provocative, and wasteful. I think not, yet employment ls most severe among unsk.illed, low-income people; fourth, military spend­ produce them at a rate of four a day, as the military budget proposed by President against one a day for the Soviets. Nixon is all of these things. ing as a stimulus to the economy ls particu­ larly wasteful, because, instead of providing It is true that the Soviet Union has more Let's get down to specifics, especially about land-based intercontinental missiles than we those omissions I spoke of in Mr. Nixon's services vitally needed to our states, cities, do, but ours are equipped with multiple- war­ address. and rural communities, it creates only super­ heads which can be independently targeted, Mr. Nixon spoke disparagingly of an fluous military hardware. so-called MIRVs, which greatly increases amendment proposed in the House by Con­ It is shocking to compare this $6 billion their capabilities. The Soviets have only re­ gressman Les Aspin of Wisconsin who serves item injected into the military budget for cently begun to test such weapons and hence on the Armed Services Committee. Mr. Nixon non-military reasons with the level of fed- are years behind the United States in the June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18349 deployment of these fearsome MIRV-ed mis­ "To care for him who shall have borne THE WAR ON POVERTY: 10 YEARS siles. the battle and for his widow and his LATER Another area where th U.S. is almost out­ orphan.'' of-sight ahead of the Soviets is in large at­ tack aircraft carriers. The U.S. has 18, in­ Two Sam Rose Awards will be given cluding those under construction. The Soviet annually--one for a specific accom­ HON. RICHARD BOLLING Union has exactly zero. It ls building one or plishment and one for general accom­ OF MISSOURI two relatively small carriers with very lim­ plishments in helping veterans and their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ited capabilities. And yet the Navy is con­ beneficiaries to obtain benefits. Thursday, June 6, 1974 stantly trying to tell us that the U.S. is in The specific accomplishment award danger of becoming a second-rate naval will be given for an achievement result­ Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, Roger power. Even the office of the secretary of ing in material improvement in service Wilkins' perceptive piece "The War Ori Defense recently characterized some of these Poverty: 10 Years Later" puts in per­ Navy press releases as unduly alarmist. to veterans and their dependents. The In his Memorial Day address, President award for general accomplishments will spective the most controversial piece of Nixon also attacked an amendment that recognize consistent high standards of legislation of the 1960's. May "the next would have called for the withdrawal of performance to give compassionate cycle of legislative creativity" come soon 100,000 American troops from overseas within timely and beneficial service. and do more and better faster for the eighteen months, an amendment proposed Sam Rose joined VA's predecessor poor. by the Democratic Majority Leader, Repre­ agency, the Bureau of War Risk Insur­ I include the following article from the sentative Thomas O'Neill of Boston. New York Times, June 4, 1974: Mr. Nixon made it sound as if this amend­ ance, as an insurance expert in October THE WAR ON POVERTY: 10 YEARS LATER ment would have required a unilateral cut 1917. He returned to VA in 1919 follow­ in our forces in Western Europe. While such ing World War I military service. (By Roger Wilkins) a step is favored by some distinguished mem­ In 1938 he was named chief of the con­ The House of Representatives voted the bers of Congress, notably Senator Mansfield, tact division at central office and served other day to repeal the Economic Opportun­ there are many others in both parties who in that position until his retirement from ity Act of 1964 and to let the Office of Eco­ believe that force reductions in Western Eu­ VA in 1965. He then joined the Washing­ nomic Opportunity die next month. The Sen­ rope should if possible be achieved through ton headquarters staff of the Fleet Re­ ate is likely to follow suit. The Times re­ negotiation and agreement with our NATO ported that "few members ... rose to mourn allies and the members of the Soviet bloc. serve Association where he served until the end of the agency," which had been in­ But the amendment proposed by Congress­ his death on May 13, 1973. tended by President Johnson to bring "total man O'Neill would have left open the ques­ The idea to perpetuate the memory of victory" in the war against poverty. tion of where the troop reductions would be Mr. Rose through creation of the new The mind ran back ten years to the spring made. If some could be made in Europe service awards was proposed by Wash­ of 1964 when Bill Moyers turned from a visi­ through the process of negotiation and ington correspondent Sarah Mcclendon tor in his White House office, punched his agreement, fine. If not, then the entire who had frequently sought information telephone console with the heel of his shoe 100,000 could be withdrawn from the Far East and assistance for veterans through Mr. and took a call from a Congressman who where they are no longer needed. The group wasn't sure what he thought about the pov­ of former Defense Department officials I men­ Rose. It was quickly endorsed by his erty proposals. There was Texas oil in Mr. tioned earlier has concluded that the with­ colleagues in VA. Moyers' voice but steel in the political turkey drawal of 125,000 of our military personnel VA officials who served with Sam he was talking. When he was through, the from Asia would be "a minimal first step Rose agree that 'his near half-century ca­ man's vote was firm. Congress could take this year." reer with the agency was one of unin­ The White House heat was on. Though President Nixon has vetoed many bills for _terrupted outstanding performance. incubated under John F. Kennedy, the pov­ essential home-front purposes-bills for vet­ erty program was to be Lyndon B. Johnson's erans, for schoolchildren, for older people­ first major legislative effort. He wanted a win but he has never vetoed a bill for a military badly and he got it. purpose, no m,a.tter how wasteful or how dan­ STOP NEW SPENDING PROGRAMS The field was brand new, and idealists, gerous. He seems to have the same priorities visionaries, politicians, hustlers-bureau­ as the Pentagon brass-hats. HON. BILL ARCHER cratic and otherwise-and, ultimately, the Isn't it time the American people de­ poor all rushed in. Sargent Shriver donned a manded those priorities be turned around? OF TEXAS new hat and soon his intense driving brand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of structured chaos turned O.E.O. into the hottest shop in Washington. In the country­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 side, the booklet of community action guide­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, all of us lines became, for a time, a new Bible. An in­ VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION ES­ share a desire for peace in the Middle stant body of Talmudic scholarship sprang TABLISHES THE ANNUAL SAMUEL East and it is our sincere hope that peace up around the words "maximum feasible ROSE AWARDS participation of the poor." will come soon to this troubled area. Congressmen and mayors quickly became We must look at the proposals for the leery. The voiceless poor were becoming a Middle East very carefully. Secretary of loud unmanageable rabble-containing, inci­ HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN State Henry Kissinger testified before the dentally, the seedbeds of viable new power OF SOUTH CAROLINA House Foreign Affairs Committee that rivalries-with which they had to contend. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States is considering provid­ Horror stories about mismanagement, dis­ ing $100 million in aid funds for re­ courtesy, radicalism and thievery were soon Thursday, June 6, 1974 being fed back to gleeful conservatives in building the Quneitra area of the Syrian Congress. Beneath all the clamor, however, Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, as chairman Golan Heights if the cease-fire is main­ real change began to occur. New programs of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs 1 tained. This aid would be in addition to were developed out of community action. am personally pleased to announce that the $250 million which the United States Among them: Headstart, Legal Services, in­ the Veterans' Administration has estab­ plans to grant to Egypt. novative manpower efforts and new health­ lished awards to honor the late Samuel I have very serious reservations on delivery programs. But the main develop­ Rose, known to many in Congress, the these aid proposals. Our foreign policy ment was that groups of hiterto powerless mistakes in the past should have taught people had, for the first time, the oppor­ press, and veterans groups as "Mister tunity to handle sufficient amounts of money VA." us the lesson that we cannot "buy" to generate for themselves the beginnings of As a member of the Committee on Vet­ friends and that we cannot "buy" peace. some power. They also developed government erans' Affairs, I was privileged to work This aid proposal comes at a time when management skills and new community serv­ with Sam Rose during many of his 27 the Federal Government is running a ices opportunities for people who needed years as chief of the contact division in deficit and the American people are suf­ jobs. VA's central office. He was highly re­ fering from the problems of inflation. It It was not a neat and tidy process, and spected by his colleagues and, more im­ is time for us to realize that large new hostillty grew. President Johnson became disenchanted and left office without fully portantly, by t'he people he served-vet­ spending programs-abroad and at comprehending the real accomplishments of erans and their families. With compas­ home-strike at the very foundation on the program. Over time, Richard M. Nixon sion and understanding, he individual­ which we must depend-the strength of became a determined foe of O.E.O. He suc­ ized the daily work of a huge Govern­ the U.S. dollar. We must get back to a ceeded in dismantling it and in scattering ment agency, setting an example for all balanced budget if we are to stop infla.. the programs all over the domestic side of and bringing meaning to VA's motto- tion. the Government. The idea of a focal point CXX--1157-Part 14 18350 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 for poverty in the Government--a place undercut the careful deliberation which hand and taking it a.way with the other where advocacy, evaluation, planning and the other body must give to this far­ is an injustice which Congress should cor­ governmental oversight could come to­ reaching legislation. rect promptly. The elderly poor need both gether-is dead. the S.S.!. increase and the social security in­ But the legacy is real. Legal Services­ House Resolution 774, therefore, is nec­ crease. thought by many to be the most effective essary to put the Export-Import Bank on and economical tool in the effort to empower notice that we will not back down in our t h e poor-seems fairly sure to win its peril­ support for persecuted religious and ous two-year fight for survival. Headstart ethnic groups who demand their right to MAINLAND CHINA'S REAL appears to be a permanent $500 million Fed­ emigrate. Had I been able to be present, INTENTIONS eral effort. Community action--supported by a broad coalition of governors and mayors, I would have voted in committee to re­ including George C. Wallace--seems destined port the resolution out favorably, but I HON. JOHN E. HUNT to continue in some form or another as a am gratified at least that it has been al­ OF NEW JERSEY kind of ombudsman for those who need gov­ lowed to come to the floor, even in this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernmental services. The House bill would back-handed manner. I urge its adoption send it to Health, Educaton and Welfare. at the earliest possible date. Thursday, June 6, 1974 Senator Jacob K. Javits intends to try to set Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, recently some up a new independent Community Action­ interesting information came to my at­ Community Development Administration. Whichever form finally emerges, barring a tention regarding the real motives of veto, Mr. Nixon seems to have lost his fight SOCIAL SECURITY INCREASE FAILS mainland China's detente policy with the to destroy the heart of the anti-poverty TO KEEP PACE WITH INCREASED United States and Japan. The source of effort. COSTS OF ELDERLY the information is the China Letter and The principal legacy is that the poor are I recommend this report to my col­ a little stronger, considerably more self­ leagues: aware and somewhat more self-suffi­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL THE CHINA LETTER cient. In many instances, their vision of Don't pooh-pooh all those reports that the their own potential has been enlarged. There OF NEW YORK Nationalist Chinese on Taiwan publish from is around the country a network of poor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time to time about developments in China. people and their advocates who know some­ thing about manipulating the system in or­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 The Nationalists do have some excellent intelligence sources and increasingly have a der to alleviate poverty. That network did Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, thousands not exist in 1964. Citizen participation has proven track record of being right on the of elderly citizens in New York City did mark about major developments in the main­ become a pa.rt of our legislative landscape. land. The "invisible poor" have become visible and not receive any benefits from the 7 per­ have entered the nation's consciousness. A cent increase in social security benefits The first detailed report, for example, on foundation has been laid to await the next which went into effect on April 1. As the late Defense Minister LIN PIAO's plot to stage a coup d'etat against MAO TSE-TUNG cycle of legislative creativity. a result of Congress' failure to pass leg­ came from the Nationalists. It wasn't "total victory" but it was a good islation which would have enabled senior Only much later did Peking reveal a docu­ beginning. And it was far from the total fail­ citizens receiving SSI payments to re­ ment outlining the plot, a document identi­ ure and the unmitigated mess its detractors claimed it to be. ceive the social security increase without cal to the one i.ssued months earlier by Tai­ a corresponding reduction of their SSI pei. benefits, a great many of our elderly Now the Nationalists have come up with poor are being denied the financial as­ another extraordinary set of Chinese Commu­ sistance they require in order to cope nist documents that spell out in candid de­ FREEDOM OF EMIGRATION tail the reasons for Peking's efforts to expand with the ever-increasing rise in the cost relations with the U.S., Japan and other na­ of living. tions. HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO I am taking the liberty of placing in The set of three documents was prepared the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an editorial about a year ago by the Kunming Military OF NEW YORK which was recently aired on WINS Region for use in lectures on China's current IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES radio in New York regarding the failure foreign policy. Thursday, June 6, 1974 of Congress to act on this important mat­ Because the documents provide a useful insight into Chinese foreign policy thinking, Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. ter: we are summarizing for you the main points Speaker, as an ardent cosponsor of SOCIAL SECURITY INCREASES FOR THE contained in them. House Resolution 791, I was dismayed to ELDERLY POOR In the first document, three things stand learn upon my return to my duties some (By Robert W. Dickey) out: days ago that the Committee on Banking The social security increase which went 1. China considers the Soviet Union its into effect on April 1st represents no in­ most dangerous and important enemy. It sees and Currency had ordered an identical crease a.t all for more than 100,000 elderly Moscow as by far the most aggressive nation bill, House Resolution 774, reported with New Yorkers in the new supplemental secu­ in the world and the one that is most actively the recommendation that it not be rity income program. seeking to expand its influence over other na­ adopted. This legislation expresses the They will have their S.S.I. payments tions, especially in Asia. sense of the House that the Export-Im­ reduced by the a.mount of the 7 % increase in 2. Because of the trauma of Vietnam, the port Bank and other Government agen­ social security benefits, which adds up to Chinese now consider the United States less cies take no action on applications of a net gain of zero. That's because when Con­ dangerous. But while China views the U.S. as gress voted the social security increase last being weaker, it considers it necessary to ineligible nonmarket economy countries December, it did not provide any provision maintain attacks on certain American pol­ until the Senate acts on the Trade Re­ that would permit people to receive their icies. form Act. That act, of course, contains full S.S.I. benefits and the full amount of 3. One of the primary objects of denounc­ the Vanik amendment, which I also co­ the cost of living increase a.s well. ing the Soviet Union and the United States sponsored, and strikes a powerful blow Thus any increase in social security bene­ is to improve China's image in the eyes of for freedom which is sure to be heard in fits must be offset by a corresponding cut in the so-called Third World countries. the Kremlin and other capitals of S.S.I. payments. And, as a. result, the people The second document consists of a detailed! who most need help wind up getting no help analysis of why China. considers the Sovie~ repressive countries throughout the a.t all. This is completely unfair. Union its greatest danger. world. The cost of living, which is going up every­ But the third document, which explain9 The Vanik amendment precludes where is particularly high in New York and with surprising frankness the Chinese lead­ credits to such countries which deny presents a severe hardship for the elderly ership's thinking on the reasons for seeking their citizens the right to freely emigrate. poor. The purpose of the new supplemental rapprochement with the U.S. and Japan, i.t Although it is aimed primarily at the security income program was to replace Wel­ most telling. Soviet Union for its repressive treatment fare as a means of providing needed financial For one thing, it reflects continuing prob· aid to the elderly poor, the blind and hand.i• lems within the Chinese leadership over the of its Jews, the legislation has a broader capped. move to improve relations with the United ethical application not restricted to any The fact that people receive such assist­ States and to invite RICHARD NIXON to one country or any one persecuted mi­ ance does not cancel out the need to pro­ Peking. nority. For the Export-Import Bank to vide cost of living increases to help them More important, it spells out the objectives extend such credits at this time would be cope with unchecked inflation. China is pursuing in establishing closer ties an insult to the House and a move to We think that extending a.id with one with the U.S. Those objectives are: June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18351 1. To create problems between the United influences, and deprives the world of .one head Parliament even while he was still in States and the Soviet Union to slow down of her foremost statesmen. Yet, it is be­ power. their detente. This has long been assumed cause of his works, that his memory will Napoleon did not hate the Duke d•Enghien by outsiders to have been one of Peking's in person or as such . .He feaTed ll1s political primary objectives. linger on for years. This is the sign of a rivalry. Napoleon was in power. The Duke 2. To drive a wedge between the U.S. and great·man we honor today, a great man, was not. lt was the Duke who was executed. the Nationalist Chinese on Taiwan as part Duke Ellington. Exceptions to this rule a.re, of course, found of the preparation for the eventual return of in assassinations; but these do not proceed Taiwan to Peking's control. under the color of administration of justice. 3. To open the way for an improvement of The practice of self-righteous justification relations between China and America's al­ IMPEACHMENT PERSPECTIVE exhibited by man in his dispensation of "jus­ lies and friends throughout the world but tice" from a seat of power has always been especially in Southeast Asia. a shuttlecock batted back and forth. Not only 4. To provide an opening for China to be­ HON. BOB WILSON church history, including in particular the gin exerting an influence on the people of the OF CALIFORNIA post-Reformation era, but the history of the United States. Gleefully, the documents re­ British monarchy, with which as Americans fer to the China-mania that hit the U.S. in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we have some acquaintance, runs over with the wake of Nixon's visit. Thursday, June 6, 1974 the shuttlecock of political "justice", alter­ These same four objectives are cited with nating with who it was that wielded power. reference to the establishment of diplomatic Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I have It goes without saying that the outs alter­ ties between Peking and Tokyo. recently shared with my colleagues in the nately were justified by outrage over the And there also is a significant revelation House several noteworthy commentaries "inhuman" and cruel acts and atrocities of that one reason Peking is giving Japan a by Mr. 0. R. Strackbein and am pleased the ins. To us of today it is quite clear much harder time than the 'U.S. on the Tai­ to include an additional brief essay as a that there was little to choose on this score wan question 1s that a deteriorating relation­ portion of my remarks: between this side or that. It was the cruelty ship between J,apan and Taiwan will influ­ of the times that was inflicted indifferently, ence other Asian nations in their attitude IMPEACHMENT PERSPECTIVE: LOOKING IN THE whether this Side or that was in powe,r. Jus­ towards China. MIRROR OF HISTORY tice was a word to which homage must be All in all the documents reveal a well­ (By 0. R. Strackbein) rendered. conceived foreign policy strategy and one From time to time statistics on crimes Unquestionably some progress has been that adds a slightly sinister note to the committed throughout the country, some­ made; but let us not be too self-congratu­ "smiles diplomacy" the Chinese recently have times classified by cities, States or regions, latory! Our own history, as we read it a oon­ been pursuing. are given to the public. The trend seems un­ tury or two or three after the facts, is not fortunately to be upward. without its flaws, for, we after all, were the However else crime may be classified there heirs of our progenitors, and we, too, were seem to be no statistics that classify crimes products, in our conflicts, in our harmonies DUKE ELLINGTON on a political basis or a religious basis. To be and our interests, of emotions and passions. sure, we do have classifications according to In our earlier history as a nation our con­ race and color. That fact, however, is ir­ flicts and our alignments, were no less than HON. MARIO BIAGGI relevant to the question of criminality ac­ today in response to what we at that time perceived as our interests. How different is it OF NEW YORK cording to political partisanship. Do Demo­ crats, Republicans or independents commit today? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more crimes per a hundred thousand people? Why were Hamilton and Jefferson at odds? Thursday, June 6, 1974 It seems safe to say, we have no idea; and Did not each believe himself right and the no allegation in any such direction would be other one wrong? They came from diverse Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, it is my tenable. backgrounds, but they would hardly have distinct honor to join with many of my Why ask the question? What difference explained their differences on that basis. It colleagues in this special order paying does it make? would have seemed too shallow! When it tribute to the memory of the great Duke That the question is not wholly irrelevant came to a very close personal question, Ellington. may be deduced from the historical fact that Hamilton threw his influence behind Jeffer­ son to give .him the presidency when the Last week, the Nation and the world so-called political crimes have borne a close correlation to the accidents of political power choice fell to the House of Representatives mourned the announcement of Elling­ (the word "accident" being used in the sense because of a tie vote in the election of 1800. ton's death. Tributes flowed in from all of something not being caused by the element Why? Hamilton hated Jefferson from par­ corners of the world, and from people of under consideration) . tisan motives, but he hated Aaron Burr yet all walks of life. From President Nixon, Burnings at the stake, committals to dun­ more. The latter in turn had his revenge to the schoolchildren of the Soviet Union geons, beheadings, have seemingly always when he killed Hamilton 1n a duel. who were treated to his music, fond re­ been associated with political or religious Burr himself was tried for treason during flections and high praises for this great accidents of power. Whoever was in power the Jefferson Administration. John Marshall, man were received. dispensed the sentences. Chief Justice -of the United States, presided When an overthrow occurred the victims at the trial. He bore a deep hatred, reported­ Duke Ellington was unquestionably the also changed. The question of justice, even ly, of Jefferson. Burr was acquitted. Did most dominant force in the :field of jazz. though it was the subject of much pious pro­ Marshall's hatred of Jefferson have a bearing For more than a half a century, Elling­ fession, was, as we see it today, a colossal, on the outcome? ton's work in jazz had gained him un­ transparent hypocrisy. Otherwise why was it Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868. paralleled international acclaim. Such that it was always the "ins" who meted out He had been badly beaten at the polls in the classics as "Sophisticated Lady," "Mood "justice", and the "outs" who suffered the Congressional election. The Radical Repub­ Indigo," and "Take the 'A' Train" cata­ punishment? licans were overwhelmingly victorious. Had The two daughters of Henry VIII, Mary and his party prevailed in the house would he pulted Ellington into his paramount posi­ Elizabeth, were caught in a web spun of the have been impeached? tion, and in turn brought jazz from its strands of religious differences ( Catholic and Do Democrats impeach Democrats? Do infant stages to the point today where it Protestant). It was to be a question of time Republicans impeach Republicans? Had the ranks as one of the paramount aspects of and the turn of political fortunes that was 1972 victory of Nixon also swept a majority the American cultural scene. to determine who was to have whom be­ of Republicans into the House and Senate, Equal to his contributions to the world headed. Elizabeth had greatly feared for her would he face impeachment today? of jazz were his contributions to the own life from her sister. When she (Eliza­ History seems to answer that question un­ beth) became queen, however, it was the mistakably, the exceptions being assassina­ world at large. Duke Ellington was fondly Catholic head of Mary that was severed by tions; and, of course, many of these were also referred to as America's "Ambassador of the axe in the Tower. The two sisters had politically motivated. They represented direct Good Will." He brought his array of tal­ professed much love of each other. Elizabeth action rather than self-styled judicial proc­ ents to as far a way as the Soviet Union, wept when Mary lost her head; but, "politics esses. yet no matter where he visited, he is politics"! It (politics) is still the source Is impartiality humanly possible, and brought with him excitement and enjoy­ of a not inconsiderable degree of bitterness. therefore justice itself, when the political ment, and served to enhance this Na­ In France it was not Bourbons or Capetians victor brings the vanquished to trial before tion's image around the world. who guillotined Bourbons or Capetians. It the bar of Justice controlled by the victor? Mr. Speaker, this Nation has lost was the Jacobins (during the Revolution). Political impartiality as a repository of the a They also took off the head of Marie Antoi­ cause of justice is probably a contradiction giant of a man, a man who reigned at the nette rather than eat cake. It was not to a in terms. . top of his profession through several Stuart rival that Charles I of England lost The duel has been abolished. As an arbiter, generations. His loss leaves the music his head, but to Parliament over which he it became too obvious to our growing sensi­ world without one of its most powerful had lost control. He. could not very well be- bilities, that it was superior marksmanship 18352 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 19?'4 rather than Justice that prevailed. How much Whereas, this system advocates that a phy­ better is the accident of the political upper­ sician give the last expensive care to a pa­ the question of how much her nuclear ha.nd? Political rivalry, partisan vehemence tient rather than that of the best quality, breakthrough cost us and the other coun­ and intemperance, popular emotions, cen­ and tries which have poured funds into her tered in a political majority exercising the Whereas, this systeln creates situations in ~conomy, supposedly to keep it from go­ upper hand, are not the constituents of Jus­ which the confldentla.lity of a patient-phy_ mg through a condition of constant tice. Quite the opposite. sician relationship may be compromised, and cris~s. Certainly, without outside help, Is there not a better way of dispensing Whereas, this system places hospital ad­ India could not have afforded the money justice? Will history simply write: In the ministrative staff in the position of deter­ and the effort demanded for nuclear re­ year 1974 a heavily Democratic Congress im­ mining admissions on the basis of whether peached a Republican President who had the care to be given meets regional standards, search. So the conclusion is plain enough. been re-elected in 1972 with all the electoral and India accepted aid while spending her votes except those of one State and the Dis­ Whereas, this system, in general, dehu­ own resources on a hidden project, de­ trict of Columbia, as in 1868 a heavily Radical manizes the practice of medicine, and plorable to the extreme in judgment of Republican Congress impeached a President Whereas, this system creates another ex­ this country and others which furnished who had lost control of the House (much as pensive bureaucracy without adding any new the aid. Charles I had lost control of the House of or improved health services to recipients ot Now we learn from a Time magazine Commons) as a result of a Congressional social security, now, therefore, be it report that India is planning to spend election? Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Can we move from beheading as a remedy Florida: That the Congress of the United $316 million over the next 5 years on for settling political conflicts, on to impeach­ States is requested to adopt HR 11394 which atomic energy development while 25 per­ ment by a partisanly divided body, on to would repeal Part B of Title XI of the social cent of her people subsist on subpoverty something a little closer to the classical de­ Security Act and appearing as 42 U.S.C. incomes. Meanwhile, the World Bank re­ mands of Justice, as the centuries pass? § 1320c-§ 1320c-19, relating to Professional ports that India will need some $12 bil­ How is progress to be achieved in the re­ Standards Review, be it further lion in aid over the next decade. Right finement of Justice if it is not ma.de when Resolved that copies of this memorial be now a proposed $75 million Indian aid the occasion for it arises? dispatched to the President of the United project is awaiting approval here. Are Partisan judgments spit against the very States, to the President of the United States face of Justice. Is the fiber of our sense of senate, to the Speaker of the United States we going to continue giving our funds justice yet so gross that we cannot perceive .House of Representatives, and to each mem­ a way in circumstances such as these? the mockery of a partisan proceeding ( so ber of the Florida delegation to the United There is nothing that India can gain roundly condemned by history as inju­ States Congress. in a peaceful and progressive way from dicious) in which the party in power sits in her nuclear achievement that was not al­ judgment on those in a minority position? ready available to her through the co­ No doubt we shall see. operation of this country, the Soviet Did our Constitution-makers contemplate INDIA'S DECEITFUL NUCLEAR Union, Britain, and the other nuclear that a President might be tried by a Congress SUCCESS of a different political complexion from his? powers, except, perhaps, China. Yet In­ We have had only one experience of the kind dia, in a sense of pride which seems and it was very nearly disastrous! HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS strange in the light of the handouts and OF PENNSYLVANIA the nuclear secrecy, elected to go it alone. She should be given this option in other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matters too. I, for one, have had enough FLORIDA LEGISLATURE ASKS Thursday, June 6, 1974 of this kind of doubledealing at the ex­ PSRO REPEAL Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I should pense of the American taxpayers and in like to add my voice to those of others in defiance of this country's purposes in the Congress who have condemned the du­ world. HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG plicity of India in accepting our hand­ OF FLORIDA outs while secretly spending her money IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and efforts on perfecting and exploding a BISHOP WELSH TO HEAD NEW Thursday, June 6, 1974 nuclear device. ARLINGTON DIOCESE Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker. Despite Prime Minister India Gand­ on May 23 the Florida Legislature en­ hi's assurances that the Indian accom­ plishments will be used only for peaceful HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL acted House Memorial 2792, requesting OF VIRGINIA the Congress to approve H.R. 11394, purposes, the fact rem.a.ins that her coun­ which would repeal the professional try has added immeasurably to the world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problem of keeping the nuclear menace Thursday, June 6, 1974 standards review portion of title XI of under control. the Social Security Act. The Gandhi arguments that India, be­ Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. For the information of my colleagues, ing a nation of great population, deserves Speaker, the northern Virginia area in the text of the memorial is herewith to be a nuclear Power, that China's pos­ which many of our Government em­ appended: session of the bomb makes it. mandatory ployees live has been established as a Whereas, the Legislature of the State of for India to have it in order to remain new Roman Catholic diocese by Pope Florida is concerned about the standard of competitive, and that membership in the Paul VI. It is an honor for us to have medical care given to citizens of the state "Nuclear Club" is essential to India's the new diocese of Arlington, Va., in our who are recipients of social security, and ever-growing metropolitan area. Whereas, HR 11394 which is now pending status in the world, all fail to hold water. in the Congress of the United States would India obtained the nuclear power by The Most Reverend Thomas J. Welsh repeal Pa.rt B of Title XI of the Social deceit. While hunger stalked the land, has been appointed as the first bishop of Security Act, and India took aid funds from abroad and the Arlington diocese. His assignment to Whereas, Part B of Title XI of the Socia.I then, in secret, spent her scientific ef­ the new diocese will meet a real spiritual Security Act creates Professional Standard forts and resources on nuclear research. need of northern Virginia Catholics. Review Organizations, and It is as simple as that. And as reprehen­ Bishop Welsh was born in Weatherly; Whereas, the system created therein re­ Pa., on December 20, 1921. He attended moves a physician's individual professional sible. What might India have accom­ plished for her people if this effort and St. Nicholas Parochial School, Weath­ judgment as to the best care for a patient erly; the Weatherly High School; and by the imposition upon such physician of money had been used, say, on agricul­ regional standards of care, and tural development? St. Charles Semina:ry, Philadelphia. Whereas, this system provides for a with­ No other nuclear power achieved the Father Welsh was ordained to the priest­ holding of payment by the Social Security dubious status of having "the bomb" hood on May 30, 1946. After his ordina­ Administration if the method of treatment while being sustained by handouts from tion he continued his studies at the used has not been authorized by a Profes­ abroad. Certainly, we did not. Neither did Catholic University, Washington, D.C. sional Standards Review Organization, and the Soviet Union or China. Britain be­ During his priestly career he sc~·ved as Whereas, this system provides little reason­ came such a power as a part of our own teacher at Bishop Newman High School able recourse for a physician or patient in accomplishment. The French achieve­ and associate pastor at Holy Child disagreement with a ruling by a Professional ment came after France left our aid list. Parish, both in Philadelphia. He also Standard Review Organization, and Thus, the unique case of India raises served in the Archdiocesan Curia, and June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18353. became rector of his Alma Mater, St. a. Yes. (61.7). THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Charles Seminary. On April 2, 1970, he b. No. (27.6). c. No opinion. (10.7). was ordained as auxiliary bishop· of 6. Should the Congress propose a constitu­ Philadelphia. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI tional amendment to prohibit the busing of OF NEW JERSEY Bishop Thomas J. Welsh has also been public school students in order to achieve active over the years, in the Washing­ racial balance? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton area; primarily at the National a. Yes. (69.3). Thursday, June 6, 1974 Catholic Conference where he served as b . No. (31.5). Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, at the a member of the priestly formation com­ c. No opinion. (9.2). 7. Should various policies designed to up­ March 6, 1974, discussions of the United mittee and the education committee. grade the environment (e.g., controls of auto­ Nations Human Rights Commissio~ I extend a welcome on behalf of north­ mobile exhaust emissions, restrictions on in· which considered the Report on Geno­ ern Virginia residents to Bishop Welsh. dustrial use of so-called "dirty" fuels, etc.) cide of the Subcommission on the Pre­ be modified in order to combat· the current vention of Discrimination and Protection energy crisis? a. Yes. ( 50.1) . of Minorities, the Representative of the QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS b. No. (46.5). United States, Mr. Philip Hoffman, spoke c. No opinion. (4.4). in support of a move by the Turkish 8. Sho:uld the Congress enact a national Permanent Representative, Mr. Osman health insurance program (which would, in Olcay, to remove from the report a brief .HON. WENDELL WYATT effect, be an extension of the Medicare Pro­ reference to the 1915 genocide of the OF OREGON gram to cover the entire population)? Armenians by the Turks. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. Yes. (49.9). This acquiescence of our U.N. Repre­ b. No. (41.0). Thursday, June 6, 1974 sentative to delete reference to the first c. No opinion. (9.1). genocide in the 20th century is an affront Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, I would like If yes, how should it be financed? a. Increased Social Security taxes? (26.1). to civilized people everywhere. to share with my colleagues and all who b. General tax revenues? (51.7). Archives and libraries around the are interested, the results of my 1974 c. Otherwise? (23.2). world abound with the history of the hor­ congressional questionnaire. It should be 9. Should access to and use of marijuana rible slaughter of 2 million Armenians emphasized that I mailed my question­ be treated in the law much the same as alco­ by barbaric Ottoman Turks. Lengthy and naire to my constituents, First District, hol is now? innumerable accounts concerning this Oregon, in late February of this year and a. Yes. (42.7). genocide were written by our Ambas­ as volunteers were used for the tabula­ b. No. (49.9), c. No opinion. (7.4) . sador to Turkey, Henry Morgenthau, Sr., tion the results have just been completed. 10. Should those persons who deserted other diplomats, missionaries, journal­ Therefore, the results are not actually from the armed forces or evaded the draft ists, travelers, and eyewitnesses, and current; 226,000 questionnaires were during the Vietnam War be granted some carried by newspapers around the world. mailed and approximately 31,000 were form of amnesty? Speeches were delivered in the U.S. Con­ returned. a . Yes, now. (21.3). gress at the time, and resolutions intro­ 1974 QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS FOR CONGRESS­ b. Yes, but at some time in the future. duced condemning the Turks for their MAN WENDELL WYATT, FIRST DISTRICT, (1.7) . c. Yes, but only upon completion of some official policy of genocide. President OREGON Woodrow Wilson, as well as other heads [BY percentage] form of equivalent service. (39.7) d. (36). of state, reported on this sordid episode, 1. Do you think that President Nixon: No. a. Should be impeached by the House of e. No opinion. (1.3). and proclaimed a policy of seeking an in­ 11. In what areas of domestic concern do dependent homeland for Armenians. The Representatives? (12.7). the most important problems now facing b. If impeached by the House, should be American military mission's report to the tht United States lie? (In order of impor­ U.S. Congress revealed .the massacre of convicted by the Senate (and thus removed tar.~.) from offict:;-? (30.1). 1. Inflation. (44.9). Armenians as the "most colossal crime of c. Resign from office? (16.2). 2. Honesty, credibility in government. all age$." d. Remain in office and complete his elected (29.2). Minister of War, Enver Pasha, leader term? (37.6). 3. Energy resources. (10.8). of the young Turk movement which e. No opinion (3.6). 4. Law and order. (4.4). came to power in 1909, along with co­ 2. Should the Congress enact legislation to 5. Responsiveness of the political system. dictators Djemal Pasha, minister for provide for public (i.e., tax-supported) fi­ (3.8). marine, and Talaat Bay, Turkish minis­ nancing of federal election campaigns? 6. Environmental pollution. (3.2). ter of the interior, authorized the plan a. Yes, but only Presidential campaigns, 7. Unemployment. (2.1). (13.6). 8 . Welfare programs. (0.7). to exterminate the Armenians. This was b. Yes, for both presidential and congres- 9. Drug abuse. (0.4) . the first time in modern history that such sional campaigns. (39.8). 10. Civil rights. (0.3). high officials of a legally constituted gov­ c. No. (39.6). 11. Housing. (0.2). ernment planned the systematic destruc­ d. No opinion. (7.1) 12. Should all candidates for Federal Office tion of an entire people on ethnic and 3. Should newsmen (radio, TV, newspapers, (President and Congress) be required to religious grounds. The leaders of Nazi magazines) be protected by law from being make public the detalls of their financial Germany came later. forced to disclose confidential sources of in­ status. (i.e., disclose their sources of income, investment holdings and other relevant per­ The plan of genocide was conveyed to formation to courts, congressional commit­ sonal information?) the internal authorities by a series of tees, and other investigatory bodies? a. Yes. (79.1). telegrams from Interior Minister Talaat a. Yes, in all cases. (30.4). b . No. (15.9). beginning in February 1915 and continu­ b . Yes, except in cases involving national c. No opinion. (6.0). ing for about a half year thereafter. On security. (31.4). 13. Would you favor Government owner- the nights of April 24-25, the leaders of c. Yes, except in response t o a specific ship and operation of the oil industry? the Armenian community were rounded court order. (20.0). a. Yes. (26.9). up with such completeness that there was d. No. (16.4). b. No. (65.6). not even internal leadership to plead for e. No opinion. (2.8). c. No opinion. (7.6). the defenseless Armenians scattered 4 . Should the Congress require that each 14. Would you favor legislation requiring throughout Turkey and concentrated in of the States establish a "no-fault" automo­ oil companies on a regular and continuing the east. Thus began the wholesale bile insurance program? basis to disclose their profits, reserves, and a. Yes. (50.0). supplies? slaughter of 2 million innocent Arme­ b. No, the matter should be left t o the a. Yes. (87.2). nians. individual st ates. (39.7). b. No. (9.9). Ambassador Morgenthau recounted c. No opinion. (10.3). c. No opinion. (2.9). the satanic horror visited upon the Ar­ 5. Sh ould the Congress establish a Federal 15. Would you favor tax on excess profits of menians in many books and articles. In Consumer Protection Agency empowered to oil companies? the "Secrets of the Bosphorus," he ~:epresent consumer interests before federal a.. Yes. (78.4). stated: ugencies and in the courts and to enforce fed­ b. No. (16.8). I am confident that the whole history of ual consumer protection programs? o. No opinion. (5.8) • . 1.11.e human race contains no such horrible 18354 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 197.~ episode as this. The great massacres and times, when crossing this stream, the gen­ nation only a few years. Threatened by persecutions of the past seem almost in­ darmes would push the women into the wa­ significant when compared to the sufferings ter, shooting all who a.ttempted to save them­ armed attack by Turkish nationalists, of the Armenian race in 1915. selves by swimming. Frequently the women the weakened Armenians accepted a A historical account of this black themselves would save their honour by jump­ cease-fire imposed by Soviet Russia and period in history can be found in the ex­ ing into the river, their children in their were forced to submit to the incorpora­ arms. ... It ls absurd for the Turkish gov­ tion of Armenia into the U.S.S.R. To cellent book, "Armenia: The Case for a ernment to assert that it ever seriously in­ this day, the heroic Armenians struggle Forgotten Genocide," by Dickran H. tended to deport the Armenians to new for national identity and independence. Boyajian. The book contains a collection homes; the treatment which was given the Today, monuments to the Armenian of diplomatic and other documents of convoys clearly shows that extermination was martyrs can be found in Los Angeles, the time, along with many eyewitness the real purpose of Enver and Talaat. Beirut, Marseille, Yerevan, the capital accounts, of man's inhumanity to man. The New York Times reported in its is­ of Armenia, and at the Armenian home In his article, ''The Greatest Horror sue of September 21, 1915, that Mehmed in Emerson, Bergen County, N.J., a dedi­ in History," which appeared in the Red Cherif Pasha, former Turkish Minister to cation at which I was privileged to ap­ Cross magazine, March 1918, Ambas­ Sweden, who had fled from Turkey, wrote pear. sador Morgent,hau stated: a letter to the editor of Journal de Gen­ Mr. Speaker, in order that the victims The final and the worst measure used eve, in which he branded "the Armenian of this genocide are not forgotten, I have against the Armenians was the wholesale atrocities perpetrated under the present introduced the following joint resolu­ deportation of the entire population from regime as surpassing the savagery of tion: their homes and their exile to the deserts, H.J. RES. 1048 with all the accompanying horrors on the Genghis Khan and Tamerlane." The let­ way. No means were provided for their trans­ ter continued: To designate April 24 of each year as "Na­ portation or nourishment. The victims, To be sure, the state of mind of the Union­ t ional Day of Remembrance of Man's In­ which included educated men and women of ists was not revealed to the civilized world humanity to Man" standing, had to walk on foot, exposed to until they had openly ta.ken sides with Ger­ Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ the attacks of bands of criminals especially many; but for more than six years I have resentatives of the United, states of America organized for that purpose. Homes were liter­ been exposing them in the Mecheroufiette in Congress assembled, That April 24 of each ally uprooted; families were separated; men (his newspaper, published first in Constan­ year is hereby designated as "National Day killed, women and girls violated daily on the tinople, then in Paris) and in different jour­ of Remembrance of Man's Inhumanity to way or taken to harems. Children were nals and reviews warning France and England Man", and the President of the United States thrown into the rivers or sold to strangers of the plot against them and against certain is authorized and requested to issue a proc­ by their mothers to save them from star­ nationalities within the Ottoman borders, lamation calling upon the people of the vation. The facts contained in the reports notably the Armenians, that was being United States to observe such day as a day received at the Embassy from absolutely hatched. If there is a race which has been of remembrance for all the victims, espe­ trustworthy eyewitnesses surpass the most closely connected with the Turks by its fidel­ cially those of Armenian ancestry, of the beastly and diabolical cruelties ever before ity, by its services to the country, by the genocide perpetrated in 1916 in Turkey. perpetrated. or imagined in the history of the statesmen and functionaries of talent it has world. The TurkiSb. authorities had stopped furnished, by the intell1gence which it has all communication between the provinces manifested in all domains-commerce, indus­ and the capita.I in the naive belief that they try, science, and the arts-it is certainly the NO-FAULT INSURANCE could consummate this crime of the ages be­ Armenians.... Alas! At the thought that a fore the outside world could hear of i-t. But people so gifted, which has served as the the information filtered through the Con­ fructifying soil for the renovation of the Ot­ HON. JOE MOAKLEY suls, missionaries, foreign travellers, and even toman Empire, ls on the point of disappearing Turks. We soon learned that orders had been from history-not enslaved, as were the Jews OF MASSACHUSETTS issued to the governors of the provinces to by the Assyrians, but annihilated-even the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES send into exile the entire Armenian popula­ most hardened heart must bleed; and I de­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 tion in their jurisdictions, irrespective of age sire, through the medium of your estimable and sex. The local officers, with a. few excep­ journal, to express to this race which ls being Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would tions, carried out literally those instructions. assassinated, my anger toward the butchers like to submit the conclusion of a report All the able-bodied men . had either been and my immense pity for t he . i~tims. drafted into the Army or been disarmed. The on no-fault auto insurance for my col­ rem.a.1.ning people, old men, women and chil­ On December 21, 1918, the Turkish leagues to consider. The experience dren, were subjected to the most cruel and Minister of Foreign Aff'airs, Mustafa with no-fault insw·ance in Massa­ outrageous treatment. Resahad Pasha, stated to the Turkish chusetts can help us to draft better Fed­ eral legislation. In his book, "The Murder of a Na­ Parliament: tion," Ambassador Morgenthau described A pallid light extends on the atrocities The report follows: in gruesome details how the extermina­ committed against the Armenians, atrocities No-FAULT PROPERTY PROTECTION-CHAPTERS tion of the Armenian people was per­ which raised the indignation of humanity; 978 AND 1079 OF THE ACTS OF 1971 it gave us land (Armenian land) transformed In 1971 the Legislature turned its atten­ petrated ruthlessly and with beastly into a gigantic slaughter house. savagery: tion toward the area. of automobile property damage and collision insurance and applied And thus, as the exiles moved, they left Recapitulating some of the events during the period of the Ottoman Em­ the no-fa.ult principle to it, which resulted in behind them another caravan-that of dead Chapters 978 and 1079 of the Ads of 1971. No and unburied bodies, of old men and women pire, from 1822-1909, 1 million Armeni­ other facet of insurance has caused such dis­ in the la.st stages of typhus, dysentery, and ans, Greeks, Bulgarians, Kurds, and content and aggravation amongst the public chole1·a, of little children lying on their backs Assyrians were murdered by Ottoman as has property damage. In 1971 the Com­ and setting up their last piteous walls for Turks. History records the senseless missioner of Insurance estimated that of all food and water. There were women who held 2 1915 the complaints received by his department up their babies to strangers begging them to hecatomb of million Armenians in and nearly 200,000 Greeks from 1918-23. covering all fields of insurance approximately take them and save them from their tor­ 80 per cent of these complaints pertained mentors, and failing this, they would throw Not until Nazy Germany has there been anything comparable in world history. to problems in the automobile property them into wells or leave them behind bushes, damage area. . that at least they might die undisturbed. President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. To understand the problem under the old Behind was left a small army of girls who had Congress and the American people ac­ system of property damage it is a.gain neces­ been sold as slaves-frequently for a med­ tively supported Armenian independence sary to remember that it was based on fault. Jidie, or about eighty cents-and who, after and claims for a homeland. Similar ef­ If A was involved in a motor vehicle accident serving the brutal purposes of their pur­ forts came from other governments. The with B and A incurred damage to his car chases, were forced to lead lives of prostitu­ origins of the Armenian people may be he could only recover if B was at fa.ult and t ion. A string of encampments filled with the traced back to 2350 B.C., and biblical A was free from fault. Experience under the sick and the dying, mingled with the un­ history records that the ancient kingdom fault system indicated that in many in· buried or half-buried bodies of the dead, of Armenia was the first nation to em­ stances the company's response would be marked the course of the advancing throngs. to deny the claim because their insured brace Christianity. either did not report the accident or de­ Flocks of vultures followed them in the air. An independent Armenia was declared and ravenous dogs, fighting one another for layed for too long a. period of time before 1.be bodies of the dead, constantly pursued on May 28, 1918. This new nation, a reporting the accident. Other instances hav~ i11em. The most terrible scenes took place fitting monument to the victims of 1915 shown companies offering inadequate at the river, especially the Euphrates. Some- and earlier, survived as an independent a.mounts or even completely denying liability June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18355 and refusing to pay an amount. All of these OPTION II, RESTRICTED COVERAGE for any length of time awaiting a decision methods resulted in prolonged delays to This option provides coverage whereby a by the insurance company. the Massachusetts motorist. He was then left motorist can recover for damage to his car There would seem to be a great deal of with the following alternatives: from his own insurance company only un­ misunderstanding as to Option II. Many 1. Hire an attorney and be forced to pay der the following conditions: have asked: "if the property protection plan legal fees out of the amount he recovered to is no-fa.ult, why is it necessary to prove a. Cases where the motorist either is or that the other party was at fault in order to repair his car and then only after consider­ would have been entitled to recover in tort able time has elapsed in awaitin~; court recover under Option II?" against the other party. Thus, where the in­ The plan is still no-fault; the insured action. sured is able to demonstrate reasonable proof 2. Collect from his own colllsion policy if will still recover from his own insurance com· of negligence on the part of the other party, pany and does not have to file a claim against he had this coverage, yet having to deduct he can recover under this option. whatever deductible he had chosen from the the other party's insurance company, as was b. Cases where the motorist's vehicle is done in the past. Since the plan is compul· amount he recovered which might be sub­ struck while lawfully parked. stantially less then the actual damage sus­ sory and the limit to which a person may c. Cases where the motorist's vehicle is recover is the book value of his car. the tained to the vehicle. All of which amounted struck in the rear by another vehicle moving to a profession of negligence in the accident options are designed to give the motorist in the same direction. three choices which would best fit his needs. and risked non-renewal by the company and d. Cases where the other party is convicted ineligibil1ty for merit-rating discounts. Obviously, since the coverage is different, of (1) operating under the influence of al­ the rates will vary with the coverage a person 3. Accept an inadequate amount from the cohol or narcotic drugs, (2) driving the wrong company and pay the remainder out of his would buy. It was felt by the drafters of the way on a one-way street, or (3) operating legislation that basing Option II on the own pocket if he was in fact offered any at an excessive rate of speed. amount at all by the company. showing of fault was the logical median be· Those motorists who would select this cov­ tween the All Risk Coverage of Option I, Throughout these deliberations there were erage would probably be those who carried oonsiderable delays which the motorist and the No-Coverage Tort Exemption of just property damage coverage under the old Option III. could not cope with if he needed his car re­ system and feel that their car ls not worth paired before he could put it back on the In determining what option he should protecting against all damage-just damage take, the motorist should take into consid­ road. Being a typical motorist, he would have caused by another motorist. Thus those mo­ to use his car daily which put him in a eration the premium he would have to pay torists with older cars would tend to select plus the deductible he is taking, either $50 pathetically weak bargaining position with this option. Again this option is provided an insurance company that could wait for­ or $100, and then compare that figure to with a mandatory $100 deductible with the the book value of his car. If that figure comes ever and invest any money it had set aside $50 buy-back provision, and legislation has in its loss reserve for that case. close to the book value of his car, then he In order to rectify these inequities in the been filed in 1973 which offers the option should seriously consider taking a lower former system, no-fault property protection with no deductible. option, OPTION III. NO COVERAGE FOR OWN CAR legislation was developed which comple­ RESULT OF NO-FAULT BODILY INJURY INSURANCE ments the existing landmark no-fault bodily Under this option the motorist is not PRIVATE PASSENGER VEHICLES injury law. Under Chapter 978, Property Pro­ entitled to recover damages for his own I. The state wide rates on compulsory no­ tection Insurance is now compulsory in vehicle even if he is free from fault and Massachusetts, and it is on a no-fault basis. fault bodily injury have decreased approxi­ the other party is negligent, so that the elec­ mately 37 % since the inception of no-fault Formerly, a motorist would buy property tion of this option bars all claims for loss damage insurance to protect himself in case in 1971. In some communities the decrease or damage to his vehicle which he might has been even greater, for example, the he damaged another car and was at fault. otherwise have had. He does, however, re­ This necessitated a motorist to purchase average rate decrease for Boston has been tain his tort exemption up to $5,000 so that 48%. This result is surprisingly greater than insurance that would cover him in case he he is exempt from any liability for prop­ collided with a new and expensive car most people had expected. Indeed, it is inter­ erty damage which he might cause: i.e., out esting to note that according to figures sup­ (Cadillac). However, under the No-Fault of state cars, and any other personal or real Property Protection Law, a person buys in­ plied by the Department of Insurance, had property that he may hit such as a tele­ it not been for no-fault the rates for 1972 surance to protect his own car, and the rates phone pole or a building. On the surface are dependent on the type of car and its age. would have been approximately 70-SO% it might appear that the motorist who selects higher than the 1970 pre-no-fault rates. Now, a person with a 1964 Chevrolet buys this option does not have adequate coverage insurance to cover that car and not the other Since there is no longer any need to prove but it should be borne in mind that this fault in an accident, where the injury to the person's car. option is the lowest in cost of all three op­ Basically, the No-Fault Property Protec­ motorist, passenger or pedestrian is less than tions and might be advantageous for a mo­ $2,000 for medical, hospital, funeral expenses tion law allows a motorist to select the type torist with an older and inexpensive automo­ of coverage which will sufflciently protect and loss of wages; and also recovery for pain bile who would not have any large repair and suffering has been denied for under his own vehicle in case of damage, grant him bills if his car were damaged particularly a tort exemption for damage he may cause in light of the fact that property protection $500, the reduction of this costly litigation to other vehicles, and provides compensation has resulted in a cost savings to the premium insurance is only paid up to the limit of the payer. to repair his car within 15 days after sub­ actual cash value of the vehicle. mitting an itemized estimate. Secondly, the amount of claims filed has Although property protection insurance SERVICE FEATURE decreased tremendously, especially in the is compulsory, it offers three options to a The main intent of this legislation is to higher territories. When no-fault was passed, :motorist which allows him to choose the provide better service through the 15 day it was expected that it would effectively \Coverage which best protects the type of service feature of the plan. As we pre­ eliminate nuisance claims, and it has, espe­ car he drives. Basically, the plan can be best viously mentioned, the greatest problem fac­ cially in those areas that experienced an understood by analyzing the three options, ing the Massachusetts motorist is that of inordinately high number of them. all of which grant the motorist an exemp­ recovering the amount owed to him within Upon the enactment of no-fault, the Leg­ tion in tort for an:- damage he may be liable a period of time to allow the motorist to use islature provided for a 15% decrease on all for. this compensation to repair his vehicle so motor vehicle insurance rates for 1971; how­ OPTION I. ALL RISK COVERAGE that he can have his car back on the road ever the Supreme Judicial Court ruled that This option provides for the insurance without lengthy delays. unconstitutional and decreed that the Legis­ company of the insured to pay for all direct Thus, payments under option I, the All lature could only cut rates 15% for the or accidental damage to his motor vehicle Risk Coverage, are to be made within fifteen compulsory bodily injury insurance, to which regardless of his fault or negligence up to a. days after receipt by the insurance company the no-fault law pertained. As a result, all limit equal to the actual cash value of the of proof of insurance, accident, and the motorists enjoyed a 15% decrease in their vehicle minus any deductible. This coverage amount of the loss or damage claimed. In or­ compulsory bodily injury premiums in 1971, is in essence that of a motorist who carried der to prevent the insurance company from regardless of what territory they garaged both property damage and collision coverage delaying making payment or denying liabil­ their car. under the old system. It should be noted that ity, a penalty provision has been inserted into The rates for 1971 were further reduced this coverag~ is provided with a $100 deduct­ the law which would allow a motorist who 25.9 % in 1972 as a result of Chapter 977 of ible common in many collisio1- policies un­ has not been compensated within this fifteen the Acts of 1971, the so called "Rebate Act", der the former system. There is also a pro­ day period to commence an action of con­ which required the insurance companies to vision allowing motorists to buy back $50 tract in court and recover double the amount grant a partial rebate of the 1971 rates, which of the deductible from the insurance com­ of damages claimed if the court determines was upheld by the courts. This resulted from pany; and legislation has been filed in 1973 that the insurer was unreasonable in refusing the unexpected success of no-fault in 1971. which would offer option I with no deduct­ to pay the claim. This is the key to thll no­ It was discovered that the claim frequency ible. Motorists who will select this coverage fault property protection concept, for if the for 1971 had decreased significantly and the will be those who formerly carried property legislation is to be successful, motorists must total loss and expenses of the companies was darna.ge and collision coverage--motorists be compensated for their losses within this overestimated, resulting in an unfair profit with _late model cars and more expensive ve­ amount of time in order to put their car back or windfall of $35,030,143. The fair profit hicles who want to protect their investment. on the road and not leave it deteriorating which the companies were entitled to was 18356 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 $1,339,377 or 1 % of their earned premiums. plan. Today, two years after the system, the Duke Ellington came to realize, how­ As a result of the Rebate Law, the insurance predicted reductions have become evident by companies were required to return this unfair dollar and cent savings. ever, that even the label of "Negro profit to the consuming motorist which was In regard to Option II coverage, the same music" was too restricting a definition 25.9 o of the premium paid on compulsory estimates apply, 85-90% of the motorists of his genius. The work he did, especially bodily injury insurance for 1971. Thus, the would pay less for Option II coverage than in his later years, transcended all defini­ tot al savings in 1971 was approximately 37%. they would pay for property damage in 1971. tion. He took what were essentially In 1972 the rates were further reduced by The coverage provides a tort exemption plus European structures, such as the suite, 27.6 '', , resulting in a total rate reduction the ability to recover damages if the other and built around them a web of African under no-fault of 38.5 % state wide. party is negligent and identifiable. Today, rhythms, American blues melodies, and In 1973 the Insurance Department was able the no-fa.ult system of savings has become t o use the actual experience of the first year a reality by reducing rates for this coverage his own unique and magnificent har­ C'f no-fault, 1971. The experience was based in most cases. monies to create what could only be on a pure premium basis (premium loss and In regard to Option III it was predicted called Ellingtonia. expenses). It was found that the experience motorists would be paying between $60.50 and The Duke made jazz a legitimate art on the state-wide level warranted a 2.5 % $14.00 for an exemption from tort for any form for many who refused to take it increase in the rates, which suggests a level­ damage for which they might be liable. To­ seriously. Though it took many years for ing of the rates. When the over-all state rate day, that range has been lowered consid­ critics to listen seriously to jazz, it did level factor and experience factor wa-s applied erably. to the experience of the fifteen territories, it In conclusion, before making any decision not take so long for "classical" composers was discovered that in 1971 the pure loss cost as to the results of no-fault in the area o! to begin to listen. Duke Ellington's effect increased in the lower territories (7 through property protection as a whole, it is impcr­ on them has ma-de him, along with Stra­ 15) , while it decreased in the higher terri­ tant to remember certain determina.bles. Any vinsky and Ravel, among the most in­ tories ( 1 through 6) • rates which may not have decreased as pre­ fluential composers of the 20th century. The high rates for the lower territories in dicted can only be explained by the sky­ It will probably be as a composer that 1973 reflect their experience under no-fault. rocketing costs of auto repairs within the he will be most remembered, but iron­ What happened was the rates of the lower pa.st two years and the sudden jump of some ically, Duke always thought of himself territories were reduced too much in 1971 and cities to higher priced territories due to in­ 1972. In 1973, the pure premium loss, as based creased claims frequency. as primarily a pianist, and an under­ on the 1971 No-Fault experience, did not go rated one at that. His piano style was, like down enough to justify a rate decrease. As a everything about him, uniquely Elling­ result, the rates were increased in these ter­ ton and even the most casual jazz listener ritories to re.fleet their actual experience in DUKE ELLINGTON could pick it out of a dozen other styles. 1971 under no-fault. Duke really played two instruments II. What does the future have in store for however, the piano and the orchestra. no-fault bodily injury in Massachusetts? It would seem that rates will continue to level HON. RALPH H. METCALFE Perhaps one of the integral parts of his off to a point which will show a differen­ OF ILLINOIS genius was his belief that the band, and tiation based on true claim frequency, minus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the styles of the men who played in it, the so-called nuisance claims. Indeed, the were a vital force in his music. Much of consolidation of the fifteen territories into Wednesday, June 5, 19'14 what he wrote, he wrote specifically for six rating territories exemplifies this result. Mr. METCALFE. Mr. Speaker, when that band. He used to say that he kept Also, the data from 1971 suggests the pos­ Duke Ellington died on May 24, a musical the band around all year long because he sibility of the creation of a new class for over liked to write something at night and 65 dlivers. There is evidence to show that era died with him. He was without ques­ these drivers may have better experience than tion the greatest composer in America's have somebody to play it for him the next younger drivers. If the statistics gathered in history. As a composer, as a pianist, as day. In fact, what he did was to create a 1973 show that to be so, the Commissioner an orchestra leader, and as a gentleman, musical extension of his genius while at of Insurance has indicated that drivers over Duke Ellington had no peer. the same time making himself an exten­ 65 can expect lower rates in future years. People started calling Edward Ken­ sion of the varied and talented musicians Chapter 451 of the Acts of 1972 has created nedy Ellington "Duke" when he was a who played with him. Duke created an a new class for drivers who have wage con­ atmosphere where he and the band in­ tinuation plans. It was felt by the drafters youngster and no man deserved the title of this legislation that it would be unfair for more. He was the personification of spired each other and through this tech. those motorists who have a wage continua­ royalty-he was urbane, he was sophisti­ nique created some of the best music the tion plan to pay the same rates for com­ cated, he was debonair, he was elegant. world has ever heard. pulsory no-fa.ult bodily injury insurance, Duke Ellington had one other attribute For all his musical accomplishments, it since they must deduct from their loss of that had nothing to do with his "peer­ is important that Duke Ellington the man wages any payment they would get under age", he was a genius. is not for gotten by future generations. their own wage continuation plan. A flat $1.00 Ellington's work transcended any With enormous talent and great pride in discount is being given to people with a wage­ his heritage and ability, Duke Ellington continua.tion plan so that statistical data on labels. He wrote rags, blues, tin pan their losses can be separately collected in alley dance tunes, extended Jazz compo­ overcame the indescribably difficult life · 1973 for the possible reudctlon in rates start­ sitions, suites, Broadway musicals, bal­ of a black musician in America. It is a · ing in 1974. lets, movie scores, and sacred music. He difficult enough life for an average man '. RESULTS OP' NO-FAULT PROPERTY PROTECTION performed his music everYWhere from to even survive. Edward Kennedy Elling­ · No-Fa.ult advocates predicted savings the Poodle Dog Lounge to Westminister ton did more than survive however. He across the state for approximately 85-90 per Abbey and every major jazz club and inspired countless other musicians both , cent of the Massachusetts motorists for two concert hall in between. by personal and professional example. · reasons; first, motorists would be able to buy In all he wrote over 1,500 tunes, some He created his own special brand of mar­ insurance up to the book value of their own say as many as 5,000. Most of what he velous music which could both entertain car rather than the value on the vehicle they did people liked to call jazz but early on and inspire. might damage; second, the new system would Duke Ellington was a genius and a decrease the number and costs of nuisance Duke Ellington saw how restricting claims. Today, after two yea.rs of no-fa.ult labels could be on his music. If his work gentleman. We will not see his like again property protection, statistical rate compar­ had to be given any label, Duke always for many years to come. isons show that those advocates were some­ preferred that it be called Negro music what correct in their estimates. Hopefully, because he recognized, years before many after examination of the following sampling PUBLIC WORKS APPROPRIATIONS of his critics ever did, that his music FOR FISCAL YEAR 1975 of rate comparisons, a better understanding was uniquely black music. of the results can be achieved. His work graphically portrayed the In regard to Option I coverage, it was pre­ black experience in urban America. HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN dicted that in the most expensive territory­ "Harlem Airshaft", "Black and Tan OF NEW JERSEY Boston--81 % of the motorists would pay less for Option I than they would pay for prop­ Fantasy", "Black, Brown and Beige", IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erty damage and collision coverage in 1971. were all Ellington tributes to his herit­ Thursday, June 6, 19'14 It should be remembered that approximate­ age. For white audiences, whether at ly 53 % of the motorists drive ca.rs four years the Cotton Club or Carnegie Hall, these Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, for over a old or older, and these people will be the early Ellington works were their only decade, I have worked on and followed ones who substantially benefit under the real insights into black America. the progress of the proposed Tocks Island June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18357 Dam project. This plan is of great im­ is singularly difficult. Perhaps we find the that rules by terror. Or about the Govern­ portance, not only to the people of reality so unbearable that we turn away ment of South Korea, whose kidnappings and rather than contemplate it. brutalities make Communist regimes look New Jersey and my district, but to those Such thoughts are provoked by fresh re­ almost decorous by comparison. (For a stu­ of neighboring States. ports on the savagery practiced by the mili­ dent to refuse to attend class in South Korea In the full Appropriations Committee tary junta in Chile. Evidence of torture in "without plausible reasons" is a crime pun­ we adopted an amendment that no Chile has been published by, among many ishable by death.} money for construction of the Tocks others, Amnesty International, the highly­ Some of the nastiest governments in the Island Dam shall proceed for 1 year until respected group that favors no ideology ex­ world today were born or grew with Amer­ the environmental and conservation res­ cept humanity. Amnesty's findings are sum­ ican aid. That being the case, the most ervations are resolved by the parties marized with telling simplicity in an article modest view of our responsibility would re­ involved. by Rose Styron in The New York Review of quire us to say a restraining word to them Books. occasionally. But we say nothing, we hear The public should understand that Victor Jara, a folk singer, was held with nothing, we see nothing. almost eveyone has always been in favor thousands of others in a Santiago sports There was a wonderful example the other of saving this wonderful area for the stadium. He was given a guitar and ordered day-funny if it did not involve so much people. Almost everyone agrees that the to play. As he did, the guards broke his suffering. The State Department said it knew recreational facilities, the flood control, fingers, then cut them off. He began to sing, of no political prisoners in South Vietnam, the fresh water supply, and the power and they beat and then shot him. Several wit­ because Saigon's stated policy "does not per­ source are needed. neses have described th at death. It is a rela­ mit the arrest of anyone for mere political t ively mild example of what Mrs. Styron dissent." Thus the thousands of non-Com­ relates. munists in South Vietnamese jails were made Many reports tell of the use of electric to vanish, the twisted creatures in tiger TORTURE shock to make prisoners "confess" to what cages waved away. Thus the idealism that their captors desire. Sexual assault is a com­ once marked America's place in the world mon theme. Mrs. Styron mentions a women's has become indifference in the face of in­ prison, Casa de Mujeres el Buen Pastor, where humanity. HON. DON EDWARDS young girls are sent from prison camps, preg­ nant, "with their hair pulled out and their OF CALIFORNIA nipples and genitals badly burned." WASHINGTON'S GREEK PROBLEM IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At least one complaint of such treatment Greece presents the extraordinary spec­ tacle of a government whose worth and stay­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 has been made officially in the Chilean courts. Mrs. Virginia Ayress complained tha..t her ing power are questioned, at least privately, Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. daughter, Luz de las Nieves Ayress, had been by virtually all of its allies. This is the result Speaker, as Anthony Lewis pointed out beaten, sexually abused, tortured with elec­ of the flailing performance of Brig. Gen. :_-i The New York Times last week, it is tric currents and-in a scene right out of Dimitrios Ioannides, chief of the military extremely difficult to arouse public con­ "Nineteen Eighty-four"-had rats and police. He ousted the former military dicta­ spiders put on and into her body. The courts tor George Papadopoulous last fall and in­ cern about the use of torture as a polit­ stalled a new junta of his own. But where ical instrument, especially when our forwarded the complaint to the armed forces. People are arrested, tortured and sum­ the Papadopoulous regime conveyed-while administration operates as if the views marily killed in Chile for any reason or no it lasted-a certain impression of harsh sta­ of the United States would have no in­ reason. Large numbers of doctors have been bility, the rule of Gen. Ioannides gives off fluence on the abuse of human rights arrested, some because they did not join in a contrary impression of weakness and im­ practiced by governments receiving our a strike last summer against the leftist Gov­ permanence. The Greek economy nourishes financial support. ernment of Dr. Salvador Allende. Amnesty the highest inflation rate in Europe. Prac­ The current situation in Chile is a has an appeal from Chilean doctors saying tically no figure of prominence has joined prime example of our Government's pol­ that 85 of their profession are in prison, held the new regime. Purges and disaffection have without any charges; another 65 are said weakened the armed forces. Just about the icy. The stories of murder and torture are only area of "achievement" lies in repres­ as well documented as they are appalling. to have been shot or died of torture or untreated wounds. sion. The regime has reopened the prison Yet Congress continues to authorize Last month the 28 Roman Catholic bishops camp on the island of Yaros. military assistance for Chile, and Presi­ of Chile, in an unusual public statement, If Greece were Lower Slobovia, all this dent Nixon and Secretary of State Kis­ condemned the practice of torture and arbi­ might be of no great consequence to Ameri­ singer continue to remain silent. trary arrest. The junta routinely denies tor­ cans. But Greece is a traditional friend and With Greece the lack of moral leader­ ture reports or, in the words of its Interior a NATO ally and, in some measure, an Ameri­ ship by the United States is even more Minister, Gen. Oscar Bonma, dismisses them can dependency. This country has sentimen­ as "damaging to the national interest." tal, moral, political and strategic reasons to reprehensible because it is so longstand­ be concerned about the continued despolla­ ing. The hallmark of the new regime was But what has all this to do with the United States? Secretary of State Kissinger has told tion of Greek public life by a small clique the reopening of the prison camp on us that this country cannot reform the of mlli tary men and police officers. During the island of Yaros. Still the American internal policies of other governments. As a the six Papadopoulous years it was feasible­ military clings to the myth that Greek generality that is fair enough. But it is not if, finally, fruitless-for the United States to military facilities are necessary to the enough when we have a share of respon­ expect that the regime would move slowly defense of the Mediterranean, and Amer­ sibility. back toward representative government. Gen. ican policy toward Greece remains one However much the Allende Government Ioannides, however, has not even gone of silence on the vital issues of human contributed to its own downfall, the United through the motions of pledging to restore States made things worse by cutting essential democracy. The sterility and narrowness of rights and a return to democratic his leadership make it unrealistic for the government. economic assistance-except to the Chilean military. Since the coup, Washington has United States to keep on believing that time There are those of us who cannot re­ given strong support to the military regime. will mellow, his rule. This removes, in our main silent and who will continue to Unlike other Western countries, we have of­ view, an important reason for deferring to remind our colleagues and constituents fered no asylum to Chilean refugees. And we the Junta, as Washington did 1n earlier years. of our total disapproval of a U.S. foreign have said nothing, officially, about the mur­ Now, if not formerly, American deference policy which contributes substantially to der and savagery. is likely only to be exploited by the dictators in Athens to solidify their own power. the well-being of the juntas in Chile and Words would matter in this instance. If Greece without raising a word of re­ the United States spoke out against the The new junta's not so subtle threat is, if straint against excesses of political torture, if our Embassy in Santiago was ac­ the United States cools, to quit NATO and tive in watching the trials and other visible thereby to dump upon Washington a whole vindictiveness. range of geopolitical troubles. Some Greeks To this end, I commend to my col­ manifestations of oppression, if more Amer­ ican lawyers joined international legal in the junta seem to think they could adopt leagues Mr. Lewis' article, as well as this groups in protesting the junta's lawlessness, a kind of neutralism on the model of Libya's morning's Washington Post editorial: if Congress moved to attach conditions to dictator Qaddafi; others do not appear to THE MEANING OF TORTURE aid, those who rule Chile would almost cer­ have thought out their country's choices. (By Anthony Lewis) tainly listen. The junta has declined to let an American BOS TON, May 29.-The use of torture as a But the present Government of the United aircraft carrier join the six destroyers already polit ical instrument is an evil beyond justi­ States shows no concern for human rights. "homeported" in Athens, until a substantial fication of compromise, a practice officially Henry Kissinger and his President were silent amount of new military hardware is forth­ condemned by every civilized society. Yet it !or months while their allies in Pakistan coming. Some American military men, eager goes on, in many places around the world, slaughtered the Bengalis. Washington has to use Greek military facilities, are prepared · and arousing people's interest in the subject nothing to say a.bout a. Greek Government to swallow this treatment in the name of 18358 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 Mediterranean strategic requirements. It be­ The major deposits of hydrocarbons are and thus continued to encourage the overuse comes increasingly a question, however, concentrated in a few relatively underde­ of energy in relation to supply. whether grand strategy compels the United veloped nations. The large industrialized na­ States to follow a policy which many demo­ tions whose life depends upon a flow of hy­ EXPLORATION cratically minded Greeks identify with an drocarbons generally do not have sources of Let's look at a typical, established oil-pro­ strategy in the long term may well require supply within their borders. The U.S. is for­ ducing area. Geologists often call such areas uncritical embrace of the junta. Grand tunate to be one of these exceptions. And basins because they are centralized areas for the United States to ensure its position with because of this and being one of the princi­ the deposits of the sand and mud that when the Greek people by stepping back a pace pal users as well as suppliers our actions in compacted form sedimentary rocks. :i:rom. the current regime now. the field of energy have for yea1·s set the When a discovery of oil and gas is made, At the very least it is time to stop the tone of world supply and pricing. and it is deemed potentially rewarding flow of high-level visitors and salutations and Americans and American oil companies enough to develop, a rush of recognition of to start strongly asserting the American in­ control 70 percent or more of the world's the new basin follows. Wildcatters, financed terest-the moral interests as well as the petroleum activity-in exploration, produc­ by industry and by speculators, pour into the political interests-in Greece's return to tion, refining and distribution. The U.S. with area. Then comes an intensive search. Start­ liberty. six percent of the world's population uses 33 ing with the first well, we can, in a time percent of the world's oil. Until the early sense, graph the exploration history of a 1960's we were net exporters of oil and be­ typical basin, coming up with a distribution curve that depicts the results of the explora­ ENERGY TODAY: A COMPLEX cause of this we set world prices. Oil the world around was sold at the U.S. Gulf Coast tory surge-a kind of productive score-card OF PROBLEMS price less the cost of transportation from which records a peak period of exploratory Gulf Coast ports to the point of use. drilling and, presumably, the development of This price was artifically held low by events new reserves. Thereafter, as the search con­ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER in the U.S. and for years the Arab oil minis­ tinu es, the quantity of drilled wells declines ters said that oil would be low in price only yearly. Eventually it sinks to zero. OF COLORADO so long as the U.S. did not need foreign oil. We can also graph the oil produced on an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These statements seem now to have been annual basis. Putting both curves into a common graph shows how the year of peak Thursday, June 6, 1974 realistic. Now that the U.S. is short of oil and using production lags behind the year of peak dis­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, many more oil than it produces and can no longer covery. independent oil and gas producers are control world prices, a monopolistic combine These curves remain uncomplicated only of oil producing countries known as OPEC when the two main factors affecting them­ headquartered in my district, Denver, "Cost of Exploration and Development" and Colo. Although they and I are sometimes (for Oil Producing and Exporting Countries) is not only setting prices but is controlling "Reward or Price for the Product"-stay the at odds, I very much respect their views the flow. This control threatens the econ­ same. With these factors constant, once a and often seek their counsel. omies of all of the world's industrial na­ basin and the discovery rate have matured, In this spirit, I would like to share with tions and reaches into the life of every na­ only a change 11: these two factors can change my colleagues a speech given by Mr. Cas­ tion. the direction of the curve. That's because well Silver, an oil producer, geologist, Developing nations aspiring for the better any grouping of discrete things awaiting dis­ and constituent of mine, in January at life will soon realize, as they apparently have covery tends to respond to the intensity of Albuquerque, N. Mex. Mr. Silver is an not yet realized, that any dreams for better­ the search for them. ment will founder or rise on the availability Consider an Easter egg hunt. Most of the "oilman," but he is also a man concerned of energy. But more importantly, availability eggs are found fa.st-until the obvious places with the energy future of this Nation. to the developing nations is as much a matter a.re denuded; thereafter the search gets His speech is as follows : of a price they can afford as it is of supply. tougher, the number of finds smaller. Dis­ ENERGY TODAY OR A FEW GLINTS FROM A Now let us go back and see whether there is couragement eventually stops the search; a MULTIFACETED COMPLEX OF PROBLEMS a possible solution to the price and supply few eggs may remain undiscovered. dilemma posed by the monopolists. The defi­ This analogy suggests a point important to ( By Caswell Silver) exploration: (1) to find the more carefully Energy is the essence of life. When we talk nition of monopoly is the concentration of supply in the hands of a few. The breaking hidden treasures takes much time and effort; about the standard of living of nations we (2) people lose interest as the search becomes use either food or energy consumption as the of a monopoly comes about when there is a distribution of supply excess to demand. less rewarding. Still, it is not quite so simple standard of comparison. Actually they are when you're hunting for a natural resource. closely interwoven because in a highly If we disregard for a moment the wider world problem, which cannot be divorced In oil and gas deposits, for example, we have mechanized, agricultural industry, as found no inventory; who knows how many eggs in the U.S., it takes 5 calories of fossil to from that of the U.S., and examine our own situation in detail we may find a suggestion originally were hidden by Mother Nature? produce one calorie of food. What's more, the obvious places under one We are all aware of the worldwide popula­ as to what we can do and where we can go. First, the U.S. is blessed with the world's state of knowledge are not the same as the tion explosion, but the explosion of energy obvious places under improved technology. consumption compounds this rate many greatest national fossil fuel resources in terms of energy, when we include coal, oil, Now we are prepared to consider the pos­ times, due to the aspirations of the develop­ gas, oil shale and heavy oil-impregnated sibility of increasing our supplies from ing nations. Energy consumption is advanc­ rocks. One-half of the potential oil area in known, older areas. Wit h increased incentive ing at staggering rates. The world has used we can for a time step up the current dis­ up one-half of all the oil previously con­ the U.S. has never been explored; by that I mean that a drlll has never penetrated these covery rate in the older areas, but the ad­ sumed in the last 11 years, and one-half the vast areas of potential oil-bearing rocks. The vance in techniques is not so great as to as­ coal previously used in the last 33 years. reasons are political, not physical, and they sure restoring these areas to their earlier The supply of fossil fuels (i.e., hydrocar­ involve emotional elements outside rational peaks of discovery and production, except in bons) is limited and therefore the hydro­ considerations. Let us examine a few of them. unusual circumstances. carbon age. the age in which we live and in Such circumstances would be the discovery which we depend on oil, gas, and coal to fuel PRICE of heretofore overlooked giant or super-giant our economies is finite in time. We have no The price of oil and gas has been legislated fields. Of the thousands of oil fields in the immediate substitutes for hydrocarbons. The in the U.S. by various means, ranging from world found up to 1971, 85 percent of the oil kinds of energy we can draw upon after the special tax considerations ( called loopholes was in less than five percent of the fields (238 hydrocarbon age ends are not at hand. We by some), the depletion allowance, and in­ fields). More remarkable: 65 percent of the are therefore bound to hydrocarbons for the tangible write-offs-to the direct ruling of petroleum (oil and gas) occurs in slightly next 30-40 years, until alternate sources of the Federal Power Commission backed up by more than one percent of oil fields-the 55 energy are available. the courts, as to the well-head price of nat­ "Super-giants". (Super-giants: a billion bar­ Recent international events such as the ural gas. All of these methods have tended rels of oil or 3.5 trillion cubic feet of natural Arab embargo on oil to unfriendly nations to hold the price of oil and gas down, thus gas or more; Halbouty et al, 1970). have shown that we cannot separate the stimulating consumption. For this reason, Prudhoe Bay, a super-giant field in Alaska, problems of energy supply as being the U.S. consumption of energy ran away from a de­ with at least 10 billion barrels of recoverable versus the rest of the world. Unless we assure clining domestic supply resulting from less primary oil, ranks approximately 20th in size the flow of vital energy to all nations, the incentive to explore. in the world. The Greater Ghawar field of seeds of discord already sown by the Arab However, with the ability to apply the same Saudi Arabia ranks number one with 75 bil­ embargo could result in bitter and disputa­ tax considerations to foreign exploration lion barrels. Kuwait, second in size, has 65 tious events to make all previous world con­ when domestic exploration became less re­ billion barrels. Such super-giant fields can flicts pall. warding, American companies went abroad, meet the production rates that would enable Tonight I'd like to talk about a few aspects carrying domestic pricing with them. Oil pro­ the U.S. to attain rapid self-sufficiency. But of the problem as seen by a geologist and an ducing and exporting nations had little they are decidedly rare. Even giant fields of explorationist, i.e., one who explores for oil choice but to accept the price schedules the just 500 million to one billion barrels of oil and gas. American companies b1·ought with them- reserves would help to change significantly June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18359 the production rate of an older producing search and nuclear fusion, which a.void the FAMILY WITH $22,000 A YEAR IS area. danger of a polluted world. SQUEEZED BY COLLEGE EX­ Old areas explored more intensely can THE THIRD GAP PENSES help to arrest the decline in domestic pro­ An unresolved energy problem contains duction from the presently daily 9.8 million the seeds of conflict among nations unsur­ barrels of oil and 66 billion cubic feet of nat­ passed by any of the so-called causes of con­ HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN ural gas. But this would provide only a brief flict of the past. Rivalry between nations for OF ll..LINOIS respite. For even improved cost factors-­ future supplies of oil has already destroyed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more sophisticated technology and higher the international monetary conference. Gold prices-could not avert the inevitable decline and silver prices a.re on a runaway spree, hav­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 in the rate of finds. ing increased 25 percent in the past few days. Mr. If the old areas will not do enough, then There is no medium of exchange capable of Mr. HANRAHAN. Speaker, infla­ we must turn to new areas to satisfy the supplying payment for oil at present world tion and the high cost of living is mak­ demands of our advanced industrial society. prices of $11 to $1 7 a barrel and on-the-cuff ing it more and more difficult for Amer­ Only these can provide the required fresh, promises of payment are no good in the face icans to make ends meet. College tuitions flush production. These areas exist in the of. inflation at unprecedented rates in great and residential fees are soon to reach the U.S. mainly in the unexplored offshore sec­ part induced by increasing energy costs. out-of-sight level. I believe an article in tors. Denied these areas (offshore Atlantic Many of the OPEC countries feel that oil left Coast, Gulf of Alaska, etc.), the U.S. oil in­ the Wall Street Journal of May 28, 1974, in the ground can only increase in value by Terry P. Brown, which expresses the dustry understandably has moved abroad. and a.re disinclined to increase production Now having discussed price and explora­ rates. way of life for one American family, will tion, you can see that we are leading up to Three Arab nations, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, be very interesting to my colleagues: the proposition that the U.S. can be self-suf­ and Libya, control 65 percent of the presently FAMILY WITH $22,000 A YEAR Is SQUEEZED ficient in fossil fuels for an interim period known proven oil reserves. They have a com­ BY COLLEGE EXPENSES until supplies run out-given an unprece­ bined population of less than 10 million peo­ (By Terry P. Brown) dented effort, because geologically the sup­ ple. Industrial nations dependent upon plies are available. WINNETKA, ILL.-"We used to think that if them, with all the armament capabilities we could get the first two kids through col­ But becoming self-sufficient in fossil fuels of modern warfare, and not including the for a short term of 30-40 years does not take lege we could relax a little," says Marty U.S. and Russia, exceed 500 million people. Douds, mother of three. "Now, we aren't so into account three gaps: the gap between Can anyone imagine a cold, heatless Euro­ now and when self-sufficiency becomes a sure." pean population because they cannot afford With a total family income of about $22,- fa.ct; the post-hydrocarbon self-sufficiency the prices demanded by the Arabs? gap; and, far more important and dangerous, 000 a year, Mrs. Douds and her husband, Among the principal nations capable of Prof. Charles (Chuck) F. Douds, aren't poor the gap in usage between the U.S. and the self-sufficiency or a large measure thereof rest of the world. World peace cannot long by any means. But with one son in college a.re the U.S., Canada, Russia, Great Brita.in and two daughters approaching college age, survive an energy gap between the have and and the Netherlands. By a rapid achievement have-not nations. Let us look at the three the Douds family is currently in the throes of self-sufficiency they could eliminate their of what is coming to be called "the middle­ gaps. own competitive pressure for world supplies FmST GAP class crisis"-the situation of having to :fi­ and might even contribute an excess of nance the higher education of children in The first gap can only be relieved by con­ supply. the face of rampant inflation. servation efforts. These involve price consid­ France and Great Britain have already "Things weren't so bad when you could erations as well as voluntary cuts in usage. made overtures of direct barter of armaments count on 3 % to 4 % inflation a year and a The nations of. the world, as well as our Fed­ for guaranteed future oil supplies. Iran, Saudi salary raise greater than that," says Mr. eral Energy Office under William Simon, are Arabia, Kuwait and Libya. a.re arming to meet Douds, who teaches business courses at Chi­ reluctantly recognizing that higher prices possible take-over attempts from within and cago's DePaul University. "The prospect of bring on lessing demand. Higher prices also without. How much unauthorized take-over inflation in double figures and two children provide the only source of funds for a more messing around by the autonomous CIA (al­ in college a,t the same time in a couple of intensive exploratory effort domestically. ready rumored in Libya) is now in progress? years is frightening. It's obvious the pinch We may get a temporary respite from the The situation is a tinderbox. Possible solu- will get worse." ending of the Arab Embargo, but this will tions are And so the Doudses are scrimping and not la.st because the Arabs have already in· ( 1) Reduction in demand. saving, making sacrifices, stashing away directed that at the most they will not go (2) Increase in supply. what they can-and wondering what con­ beyond a resumption of previous a.mounts of (3) Self-control on prices by the OPEC. tinued inflation will do to increase future oil supplied. Only the fear of military take­ ( 4) Major research efforts on alternative college costs and erode a budget that is in over will change this posture, for oil in the energy sources unfettered by special interest many respects already austere. Certainly the ground is worth more than galloping world considerations now controlling the U.S. effort. prospects aren't encouraging. "In the not­ currencies. Therefore the first gap requires Let us consider briefly ea.ch of the above. too-distant future, we could see average recognition of two things: (1) that the im­ (1) Reduction in demand will come auto­ yearly college costs of between $6,000 and mediate crisis of supply can only be solved matically with high prices. But prices which $7,000," says Byron L. Himelick of the Illi­ by conservation; (2) that we have to relieve a.re too high may bring on the world debacle nois Scholarship Commission, a state finan­ this immediate crisis of supply by rapidly we a.re trying to a.void. cial-aid agency. increasing our domestically available energy (2) Increase in supply can come about if Mr. Himelick adds that "many people are supplies. higher prices are used to increase the explor­ beside themselves now when they think of THE SECOND GAP atory effort. But mos,t U.S. congressmen paying $5,000 a year for college, but most of The second gap can only be filled by long spend more time looking for scapegoats and ways to prevent increased profits which would the prestigious private schools a.re a1ready term Telief from our dependence on fossil well above that." fuels which in turn can only be provided by normally because of taxes flow into increased exploration. The major problem, educators say, is that m.ajor research and development on alternate (3) Self-control on prices has already been skyrocketing college costs a.re coincidental sources of energy. And here we are already attempted by the Shah of Iran and King with shrinking financial-aid funds. "The cru­ running into trouble by our one-sided ap­ Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Whether their voices cial issue is finding enough money to award proach to the problem. There seems to be will be heard or whether they can withstand to everyone who needs it," says Alexander G. complete capitulation to the use of nuclear the alternative political demands of their Sidar Jr., executive director of the College :fission as the solution, and 90 percent of masses remains to be seen. Self-control on Scholarship Service, an arm of the College the research so far authorized by the Con­ prices from the oil-rich developing nations Entrance Examination Board. "And these gress is in that direction. I, for one, see Duey may be politically untenable. days more people than ever from all income Lee Ray a.nd her cohorts at the Atomic (4) The U.S. research effort has yet to be levels need help." Energy Commission as least qualified to de­ finally determined. If it can be wrested from TIGHT SQUEEZE termine the direction of energy research be­ special interest groups within the A.E.C., The prevaili.11g concept, however, is that cause of their open disregard for the prob­ there is hope. most of the limited a.id available should go lems of pollution and environmental con­ And finally, we have touched on only a few to the neediest families. Consequently, it is tamination posed by reactors. The contain­ of the thousand-and-one ramifications of the the middle-income family, like the Douds ment of plutonium formed in breeder re­ world-Wide energy crunch, which you can see family, that is often being squeezed the actors is a frightening problem that has not in the short term is more political than tightest. The Doudses, fm- example. applied been squarely faced by the A.E.C. Many physical. for an Illinois state scholarship for their son, nuclear physicisists form a body of opinion As fossil energy declines, are we coming Bryn, but were turned down. "We didn't that differs with the A.E.C. as to the needed to the nuclear :fission age which will destroy think we would have much of a chance be­ areas of research. us with uncontrollable polluta.nts? Or, will cause ot our total income," Mr. Douds says. I would like to see a far greater portion of we be able to plan for a better future­ In some ways, however. the Doudses (he is research going into other sources of energy, with wind, water, solar, geothermal and nu­ 43, she 41} are luckier than many families especially solar, wind, geothermal, coal re- clear fusion as energy sources? of similar means, since they lea.rned to scrimp 18360 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 even before inflation turned yesterday's I probably would have gone to work when same despite one less mouth to feed (with amenities into today's luxuries. In 1965, after Laurie was older anyway," she says. Bryn away at school) and fewer luxury working 11 years for a Singer Co. subsidiary The combined salaries of Chuck and Marty foods like steaks and roasts on the menu. as a senior research physicist, Mr. Douds de­ Douds total about $21,000 a year; in addi­ Although they get less for the same cided to give up what was then a "decent" tion, they receive about $1,000 in interest amount of money, "the way we spend our $13,000-a-year salary to study for his doc­ from savings and from stock dividends. "We money hasn't changed appreciably since we torate at Northwestern University. (He had haven't been very sophisticated with our started a substantial savings program for previously earned both a bachelor's degree money," Mr. Douds says. "We just take a the kids' education," Mrs. Douds says. The an d a master's degree in physics from Penn good chunk of the checks every month and family, she adds, tries to avoid credit pur­ St ate.) From 1965 to 1968, while Mr. Douds put it into savings. We haven't tried to in­ chases and has "no monthly payments on completed his course work in the department crease our financial leverage, but we haven't inSta.llment purchases or loans." Neverthe­ of industrial engineering and management been foolish with our money either." less, they do permit themselves the use of an sciences, the family income consisted of a They really can't afford to be foolish. American Express card and gasoline credit $3,400-a-year grant from the National Aero­ Indeed, the Doudses have found that their cards for what they term their "only lux­ nautics and Space Administration. A grant commitment to the education of their chil­ ury": travel. "If we have money left over," for the same a.mount of money came from dren--coupled with the rising cost of t}!is Marty Douds says, "we'd rather set it aside t he National Science Foundation in 1969. family-is causing them to adopt a more for a. yearly trip" than for any other extrav­ (Mr. Douds received his doctorate in 1970.) austere spending plan than they had en­ agance. CUTTING OUT THE FRll.LS visioned several years ago. Each of their chil­ POSTPONED LUXURY During those lean years of study, Marty dren has a savings account earmarked for This year, however, that luxury ls being Douds says, "we were forced to cut the frills college expenses; and, Mrs. Douds says, "a postponed. The Doudses have canceled · a. out of our budget . . . and we've never put good deal more money (is being put) into the planned summer vacation trip to San Diego them back." She adds: "We bought most of kids' savings accounts" than ever before. because of "gasoline shortages and rising our clothes at the church rummage sale, and MORE FORTUNATE THAN OTHERS prices." They still have hopes, however, of we never went to a movie or ate out. To this In one very important sense, the Doudses one day gettin g to Scotland, a plan that has day, we may spend $15 a year on liquor and are more fortunate than other families in taken priority over a. new car but that is $50 on entertainment." For their own amuse­ similar situations. When the family first ar­ still very much below the cause of educa ­ ment, the Doudses say, they enjoy short spins rived in Chica.go, Mr. Douds's parents bought tion. around the neighborhood on their bicycles them a. nine-room, white frame house, turn­ "When Bryn was a junior in high school ( ea.ch family member has one) or an occa­ ing the title over to their son after he received it became a goal to have $5,000 saved up for sional trip to an outdoor concert in a nearby his doctorate. "Because they did that, we were him before he entered college," Mrs. Douds park. "We wait for the movies to come on able to get through those lean years without says. "Susan will have the same thing be­ TV," says Mrs. Douds. Adds her husband : touching our savings," Mr. Douds says. "This fore she is a freshman, and so will Laurle­ "Money and material things have never been has made the major difference now in our although her need isn't as pressing now." major goals for us." ability to provide for our children." In the final analysis, the Douds family's That being said, though, the Doudses have It also has meant that no money has been existence is an lllustration of how a.n income never had any doubts about saving and necessary for rent or mortgage payments, two that only a. few years ago was more than spending money on a college education for outlays that saddle many another family. But comfortable has become a bare minimum their children, and 15% to 20% of this an­ even with that major asset, the family has for a couple oriented toward the value of nual income ls put aside toward that end. been faced with rising costs attendant to higher education for the children. It is "We've always felt the kids shouldn't have their home ownership-their electric bill, for not-at lea.st not yet-a story of true hard­ to live at home when they went to college,'' example, recently went up 11 %, and their ship. Nor do the Doudses see their lives as says Mr. Douds, "but we all agreed that if property taxes have been accelerating by being lives of hardship. they didn't go to DePaul, where tuition a.bout 7 % a year. As a consequence of these Says Chuck Douds: "We've purchased would be free, or if they didn't go to one. of and other price hikes, the family has been very little furniture in the house. But the old the state universities, they'd have to work forced to postpone some purchases and proj­ furniture, the cracks in the walls and the to make up whatever we couldn't provide." ects and, in general, to take an increasingly fingerprints on the woodwork don't disturb The Doudses' son, 18-year-old Bryn, de­ restrictive attitude toward nonnecessities. me a.t all-although sometimes we worry cided on Knox College, a small, private, lib­ Their house, for example, is over 50 years old because people may misunderstand why we eral-arts college in Galesburg, Ill. Last fall, and is badly in need of interior refurbishing. live the way we do." when Bryn enrolled as a freshman, a year at Mrs. Douds would like to have the drab, Knox, including tuition, room and board, smudged walls painted or wallpapered. She and other educational and living expenses, would also like to have carpeting la.id up­ cost $4,800; next fall, it will be about $200 stairs. The project, however, is being put off REDD FOXX LANE IN ST. LOUIS, MO. more. indefinitely. Of the total cost, the Doudes contribute "We'd like to fix up our home or buy a one-third, Bryn himself one-third (he new car," Marty Douds says, "But you only worked last summer as a. computer program­ have so much money coming in, and you HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL mer and also took a pa.rt-time job at Knox have to put priorities on what you have." grading calculus papers), and Bryn's pater­ She adds: "Right now, education comes first." OF MARYLAND nal grandpa.rents, Charles T. and Ella. Douds, The Doudses drive a 1968 Pontiac station IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supplied the x:emaining one-third under a wagon, also a. gift from Mr. Douds's parents. Thursday, June 6, 1974 policy of matching the funds that their The body ls rusting out and the car goes grandchildren earn and save toward their only a.bout nine miles on a gallon of gasoline; Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. education. (Ella. Douds, her son says, in­ but rather than buying a new car, the family Speaker, it is my pleasure to insert in herited "the money that gives them the free­ is relying more on public transportation. today's RECORD a copy of an article by dom to do these things.") What's more, Mrs. Douds took a. 12-week Mickey McTague on the commemoration Susan Douds, a. 17-year-old junior at Win­ evening course in automotive maintenance at in netka's New Trier Ea.st High School, wants the local high school last fall and has since of Redd Foxx Lane St. Louis, Mo.: t o study either architecture or engineering turned to tuning the car herself when it's A RED LETTER DAY FOR ST. LOUIS AND R EDD in college but hasn't yet decided where this needed. She says she saves $60 to $65 dollars (By Mickey McTa.gue, Jr.) st udy will take place. Should she decide on each time through her do-it-yourself efforts, His real name ts John Elroy Sanford. He a private school, the cost could well be $5,- although the payoff won't be realized for sev­ was born in St. Louis many years ago. And 000 a year. Therefore, during the two-year eral tunings because of a.n $80 outlay for the John Sanford-proprieter of "Sanford & period when Susan's college career will over­ necessary tools. Son" on NBC-TV returned to his hometown, lap with that of her brother, the Doudses Mrs. Douds says the family hasn't had a April 20th, 1974 to have a street named in could well be faced with an educational tab "strict budget" for several yea.rs, "although his honor, and to perform a. fund-raising of $10,000 a year; assuming that the children show at the famed Powell Symphony Hall pay one-third and that Mr. Doudses' pa.rents I keep a. tight eye on our food budget." Every week, she says, she takes on what for his friends, Congressman William L. Clay, pay another third, this means a. balance of License Collector Ben Goins and City Comp­ some $3,300 for Chuck and Marty. The Doud­ she calls her "Thursday night a.ssignment"­ troller, John F. Bass. ses' third child, Laurie, an 11-year-old fifth searching the newspaper food ads for the The day was almost marred by tragedy grader, will be in college in the early 1980s. latest sales, clipping coupons and ma.king when one of the workers bringing the signs­ Bracing for the impending financial drain, out her shopping list. Friday mornings, she "Redd Foxx Lane" suffered a severe heart Marty Douds, who has a. bachelor's degree goes to six stores, buying only the weekly ailment and died on the spot, just prior to in political science, went back to work la.st ba.rgainS a.t each establishment. the festivities. fall for the first time since the early days "I ca.sh a check for $70 before I leave In fa.ct, this i:hsta.nce sort of summed up of the Doudses' 21-yea.r marriage. She too and never spend more than that," she says. the struggle Redd Foxx had and other Blacks bas a job as a. research assistant at North­ "I stick to my list and avoid any impulse who attempted to achieve recognition and western University, working 20 to 30 hours buying." Because of inflation, she says, her fa.me: just a.s the "festivities" were to be­ a. week. "I'm not much of a housewife, and weekly food budget has stayed about the gin, something drastic "drags us back." June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18361 But the show at Powell· Symph9ny Hall the fund-raising ceremonies and star­ ries. · According to Administration spokes­ was a sell-out, with Foxx's friends, comedian studded show, the ringing phrases of John men who testified on nerve gas policies be­ Slappy White and other performers. . Bass, Ben Goins and Bill Clay were in the fore a congressional subcommittee earlier this Congressman William L. (Bill) Clay, Demo­ ears for all to hear: month, the review should be completed in crat of Missouri, brought his Washington "More than anything, your efforts speak the next few months. friends, Honorable Charles B. Rangel, 19th loudly and clearly that we are all stepping Meanwhile, Congress is •also faced with an D::.J:trict of New York and Congressman Louis to the tune of the same drummer, as we face important decision in the chemical warfare Stokes, 22nd District of Ohio. the grave issues of the community. We be­ area, for the Pentagon has already requested Comedian Foxx reminded all of them that lieve the people are weary of disunity and approval of funds to begin producing binary there would be "no streaking on Redd Foxx are serious in their search for political weapons at the Pine Bluff arsenal in Arkan­ Lane." unity." sas. A decision must be made this summer "We were so poor," said Redd to the crowd That they were. on whether or not those funds will be ap­ of adults and teenagers, "I was born on a In the 1973 Comptroller's race, for ex­ proved. vacant lot-and then the city made us move." ample, the Saint Louis American Newspaper These reviews and decisions are taking There were genuine tears in John E. San­ pointed out on April 26, 1973- place against a backdrop of international ford's eyes as ~icense Collector Benjamin "Although the black wards were out­ negotiations being conducted in Geneva Goins presented a special street plaque to voted, the pluralities they gave Poelker under the auspices of the 26-nation con­ Foxx declaring West Spring Avenue, "Redd (Mayor John H.) and Comptroller Bass were ference of the Committee on Disarmament Foxx Lane." enough to overcome the advantages Re­ (CCD), the ultimate aim of which is to ne­ West Spring Avenue is a street running publicans Joseph L. Badaracco and Fred gotiate a treaty banning not only the use in· ·a north-south direction between Finney Whaley (Bass' opponent) achieved in the of chemical weapons in war but also their Avenue on the south and Page Blvd. on the wards outside the black belt. Although the production and stockpiling. In other words, north. It's an area of Saint Louis that once Black wards only produced about 30 per cent the goal is complete worldwide disarmament. represented at least to some degree respec­ of the vote, Poelker got 84 per cent of it and What happens in Washington in the next tability and middle-income families, but then Bass took 90 per cent." few months will be crucial to the outcome came the 20's, the 30's, the Depression and all The article went on to say that the black of those negotiations. of the other woes that beset major cities, and political leaders were together and the vote At p1·esent, the official Administration pol­ the decline began. · · they amassed for their candidates brought icy on chemical warfare, as outlined by Congressman William L. (Bill) Clay placed them victory. This is black power in action President Nixon in a statement in November the ceremony in perspective. and it underscores a theme that we have 1969, ls that the United States will never "I can see by this throng of well-wishers," advocated in this newspaper-to be polit­ be the first to use chemical weapons in a said the First District Congressman from ically potent doesn't mean that you have to war, and that it has renounced entirely the Missouri, "who your real heroes are. They support a black candidate for every office. But use, production and stockpiling of bacterio­ are not the pimps and the black morons who it does mean that you support the candidate logical weapons. Coupled with the no-first­ are portrayed on the motion picture screens of your choice; the one who will do us the use policy, however, is the understanding of today. This is not, nor has it ever been, most good." that in the absence of worldwide chemical the true and realistic image of the Black Certainly, April 20th, 1974 was a Red Let­ disarmament, the United States army needs citizen of this country; the so-called Black ter Day for Red Foxx, and Bass, Goins and to maintain extensive stockpiles of nerve gas heroes of Hollywood are as ridiculous as was Clay and the citizens of the community. to deter other countries from initiating the shuffiin' feet of Stephin Fetchit." chemical warfare or, if deterrence fails, so The Congressman went on to say that it that the United States can retaliate in kind. was a Red Letter Day for Saint Louis and U.S. CHEMICAL WARFARE For those reasons, some 46 million pounds Redd Foxx; and, particularly for the Black of nerve gases are now stockpiled in bases community, which had banded together for POLICIES throughout the United States, in Johnston unity and community betterment. Island in the Pacific, and at one location in Congressman Charles Rangel of the 19th HON. WAYNE OWENS Germany. District of New York said " •. . it was good Unfortunately, however, since the United to come and laugh and party and get away OF UTAH States has never ratified the Geneva Proto­ from Washington-where half the White IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES col the policy of no first use of chemical House is in prison-and the other half is Thursday, June 6, 1974 weapons is nothing more than a promise, going." and until the protocol is ratified, United The Congressman said, "I congratulate Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, as a part States intentions will never have the force your political leaders in this community, of my attempt to keep the other Mem­ of international law. At present, ratification and you-the voters-you have superb lead­ bers informed of developments relevant ls bogged down in a dispute between the Ad­ ers in John Bass, Ben Goins and Bill Clay. to the House examination of U.S. chem­ ministration and the Senate Foreign Rela­ United-we can take and make many tions Committee over the Administration's stands-and together, there is very little we ical warfare policies, I have on past oc­ interpretation of the terms of the protocol. cannot do in a host of new, different ways." casions asked to have certain articles It will be crucial to the outcome of the CCD Redd Foxx's old high school band began inserted in the RECORD. I think that the talks that this impasse be broken. to play. The Vashon High School Band enclosed report from Nature magazine, The nub of the matter is that when Presi­ marchers strutted up and down Redd Foxx an international scientific journal, sum­ dent Nixon submitted the protocol to the Lane, singing, "We Shall Overcome" and marizes quite accurately the issues Senate for approval in 1970, he did so with "Glory, Glory Allelulia"- which have evolved over the past several the express understanding that riot control National press, radio and TV converged on months. Without objection, I would like agents and herbicides are not included in its the gathering as John Elroy Sanford, who provisions. In other words, even if the United grew up in the shadows of West Spring to have this article included in the REC­ States government formally ratifies the pro­ Avenue, and hustled the streets to survive ORD for the purpose of informing the tocol it would still consider itself free to use a society that would not accept him on his other Members of the international view those agents in warfare-in fact the United basis as a youth, proudly accepted the street of our activities on this issue. The ar­ States army was doing just that in Vietnam plaque: "Redd Foxx Lane," and said, "The ticle follows: at the time Nixon submitted the protocol to people of Saint Louis have saw fit to honor UNITED STATES AT CHEMICAL WAR the Senate. The Senate Foreign Relations me with a street bearing my famous TV CROSSROADS Committee argued, however, that the pro­ narne. I hope this avenue opens up a two-way tocol should include all chemical weapons thoroughfare of progress and peaceful evolu­ The prospects for international control of and it is refusing to put the matter to a vote tion for this city and this country." chemical weapons could well hang on the in the full Senate until the Administration Appearing with Congressman Clay were results of an intensive review of the United backs down from its interpretation. Comptroller John Bass and Benjamin Goins. States chemical warfare policy now being There the issue has rested for the past four Collector Goins saw the occasion as one of conducted by the Nixon administration. It years, but at least the NSC is now taking a joy and hope. "Let this be an unforgetable is the first such review for nearly five years. close look at the Administration's position. gathering-where we can look back and say Begun quietly by the National Security Whether a complete change of mind will en­ to our children, and their children ... that Council (NSC) in December last year, the re­ sue from the review is, however, doubtful to the Black Community has assumed its right­ view is a two-pronged study, first of an im­ judge by statements made by Administration ful position in politics as a functioning and passe which for four years, has prevented the United States from ratifying the most im­ officials who testified before a subcommittee free body, independent of outside forces and of the House Foreign Affairs Committee ear­ manipulation. We have not only taken the portant chemical weapons treaty ever ne­ gotiated-the so-called Geneva Protocol of lier this month. Mr. Amos A. Jordan, Assist­ FIRST step together; we are walking TO­ 1925, which bans the first use of chemical ant Secretary for Defense for International GETHER into the sunlight of a new dawn weapons in war. And, at the same time, the Security, argued that herbicides and riot of awakening.'' NSC ls taking a close look at the Pentagon's control agents played a valuable and "hu­ When the sun sank over Redd Foxx Lane plans to modernize its existing nerve gas mane" role in the Vietnam war, for example, and the thousands of well-wishers and sup­ stockpiles by replacing them with a new and he said that the Administration's posi­ porters arrived at Powell Symphony Hall for generation of chemical weapons called bina- tion has not changed. 18362 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1914 Failure to ratify the Geneva. Protocol is of any varety at the current stage of the Incredible as it may sound, Mr. Elling­ ·understandably viewed within the CCD talks Geneva. talks. The NSC review of the binary as a severe stumbling block in the path of programme will inevitably be subjected to ton composed over 6,000 pieces of music efforts to secure a more extensive treaty some critical "input" from the Arms Con­ in his lifetime, including such American which would outlaw chemical weapons en­ trol and Disarmament Agency, which has ad­ classics as "Mood Indigo," "Don't Get tirely. Furthermore, a treaty outlawing the mitted serious disquiet over the possibility of Around Much Anymore," "Satin Doll,'' production, use and stockpiling of biological a probinary decision damaging-perhaps and "Solitude." Ralph Gleason, a noted weapons, which was negotiated at the CCD fa.ta.lly-the CCD discussions. Dr. Fred Ikle, jazz c1itic and hjstorian, once called him talks a couple of years ago, is also held in Director of ACDA for the past year, said, tm­ ''America's most important composer," the Senate Foreign Relations Committee der heavy questioning from the committee awaiting a final resolution of the Geneva chairman last week that: "It is my judgment, and described him as a "master musician, Protocol dispute. based on arms control considerations-and master psychologist, and master chore­ That is bad enough, but according to a this is a personal view-that at thiS time ographer." number of observers, the Pentagon's plans the pros and cons come out in favour of not Duke Ellington's resourcefulness as a to develop binary weapons could eventually going into production (of binaries)". composer was only matched by his bril­ kill the CCD talks entirely. Binary weapons The military view, as expressed by Mr. Jor­ liance as a conductor. Widely acclaimed have been under development by the United dan, is that present nerve gas stockpiles "do as one of the greatest bandleaders of States army for the past ten years or more, not fully provide the capability we believe is necessary to adequately support all United all time, he led an orchestra which but they a.re now coming up for a }'.lumber In of crucial decisions. In short, the weapons States forces in case chemicaJ warfare is played continually for 56 years. his consist of two "relatively non-toxic" chemi­ used against us. "Binaries," he said, "provide lifetime, he received countless awards. cal components which form a lethal nerve significant operational and safety advantages and tributes for his musical excellence, gas when they are mixed together. The idea over any other known approach which could including the Presidential Medal of Free­ iS that they would be kept apa1·t until they have been selected for modernization." dom. are required for use, and they would then The situation is therefore the familiar one Mr. Speaker, words really cannot de­ be fed into separate compartments in a shell of the official United States negotiating posi­ scribe the essence of the Ellington ex­ and allowed to mix only when the shell is tion being in favour of disarmament, yet at perience; for he dedicated his life to safely on its way to the target. the same time the Pentagon is pushing for a The Pentagon's argument for binaries is new weapons programme. According to Rep­ creating his own special language-the simple enough. Since the weapons are safe resentative Patricia Schroeder, who attended universal language of one man's music. to store, produce and transport, they form the CCD talks last year as an official United I would like to take this opportunity how­ ideal replacements for the existing ageing States observer, "Where many nations last ever, to salute this man, and thank him stockpiles of nerve gases. According to official summer simply regarded the United States for the many :fine contributions he made army statements, nerve gas munitions have a-s having assigned a rather low priority to to Ame1ica. shelf life of only 15 years, and thus existing CCD activities, by mid-March, as the 26 re­ stock of filled weapons Will have to be re­ convened, one of the more influential west­ ern delegates, Dr. Alfonso Garcia Robles, placed by about 1985. Consequently, in Sep­ REALTORS SUPPORT H.R. 10294 tember last year, the army began to tout the leader of the Mexican delegation, went so far advantages of binary weapons in public state­ as to suggest that we plan to trigger a chemi­ ments and in congressional testimony, and cal arms race." Another factor which has recently been HON. MORRIS K. UDALL it has now asked Congress to approve a. re­ OF ARIZONA quest for $5.8 million to begin production of injected into the binary debate-and one 155-mm binary-equipped artillery shells. which could ultimately prove decisive-is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES potential opposition o! Western European That request is now under consideration­ Wednesday, June 5, 1974 in secret-by a Congressional Appropriations governments to the programme. In fa.ct, Mr. Committee: it is being hinted that the re­ Leon Sloss, Assistant Secretary of State for Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, a number quest is running into some trouble. Political-military Affairs, admitted under of important business and development­ The binary programme is being opposed questioning by the House Foreign Affairs Committee that the binary programme is oriented associations support the Land by a small number of congressmen concerned 1·unning into some diplomatic difficulties. Use Planning Act of 1974, including the chiefly over the possibly damaging effects of The reason is simple. Bin&ry weapons make National Realty Committee, the Mort­ a massive new chemical weapons programme sense only if they are deployed in forward gage Bankers Association, and the In­ on the Geneva CCD talks, and they seem to positions, ready to retaliate against an ag­ ternational Council of Shopping Centers~ be picking up some influential support from gressor who initiates chemical warfare. In a few conservatives connected with military Today I received a letter of support other words, nerve gases stored in depots in from the National Association of Realtors affairs-a sign, perhaps, of the way the wind the United States would be o! little use as iS blowing, iS that the House Armed Services quick 1·esponse weapons against the Soviet adding their support to this legislation. Committee recently voted to cut about $1.9 Union, and the only place it makes sense to The National Association of Realtors million from the Pentagon's request for re­ keep the weapons is in Europe. Sloss refused represents some 500,000 real estate li­ search and development related to binaries to discuss the subject In open session. but censees and 50 State associations and I {this, it should be noted, would be an en­ admitted that any attempt to expand nerve am extremely pleased to add their sup­ tirely separate demand from the demand for gas stocks in Western Europe would run into port for this legislation. I think this sup­ production funds). difficulty. One particularly effective argument, which port reflects the growing realization by Some British observers feel that the out· responsible elements of the business surfaced during the House Foreign Affairs come of all this will be that the Adminis­ Committee hearing earlier this month, is that tration will decide that the programme is not community of our need for planned, or­ the Administration is now conducting an worth the diplomatic storm that it may cause derly growth. The letter follows: "urgent review" of the binary programme and that it will eventually be stopped. But NATIONAL AssOCIATION OF REALTORS, itself, and that Congress should therefore sources on Capitol Hill, whlle remaining Washington, D.C., June 6, 1974. delay approVing the Pentagon's request for moderately optimistic, believe that the issue DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: The National Asso­ production funding, at least until the Na­ is far from decided. ciation of Realtors, an organization of 500,000 tional Security Council has decided whether real estate licensees holding membership in or not the Administration is actually in fa­ 1,630 local boards of realtors and 50 State vor of the programme. At present the Con­ Associations, ls deeply committed to the in­ gress is placed in the position of deciding DUKE ELLINGTON telligent use of the land with which we are so whether or not to provide money for a pro­ intimately involved. gramme which may be killed off by executive To that end, we have sought the deveJop.­ flat at some future date-a situation that HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI ment of sound and reasonable land use leg­ would ariSe only in the highly sensitive re­ OF NEW JERSEY islation, but we have never been blind to the gion of defense spending, and which gives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inherent dangers of seeking such an ap­ substance to the view that there ls little Wednesday, May 29, 1974 proach. Accordingly, we have expressed, both executive scrutiny of the Pentagon's annual to the Senate and to the House of Represent­ demands before their submiSsion to the Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, Ed­ atives, our overriding concern to preserve the Congress. ward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington, one of authority of state and local governments to Although that argument may ultimately the world's greatest musicians and a develop land utilization procedures. Accord­ -carry most weight in the Congress, it became cornerstone of the American cultural ex­ ingly, we have opposed any effort on the part clear during the House hearings that the perience, died May 24 at the age of 75. of the federal government to become directly binary programme could well be in trouble involved in planning the use of private land. for a variety of other reasons, and that there Known throughout the world for the Furthermor~. we encourage the participation is a division of opinion actually within the style and·the substance of his music, Mr. of the public, particularly including repre­ Administration on the merits of pushing Ellington made the magic of music crone sentatives from the real estate industry and ahead with a chemical weapons programme alive for millions. the business community, in the development June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18363 of land use procedures ait state and local customary place below the protected and attention has increasingly focused levels. American price in the immediate future. upon some form of national health in­ Last year, the Senate passed S. 268. We be­ Unless the sugar program is terminated, surance as the best remedy for the d1; ­ lieve that S. 268 violates the principle of fed­ Americans will again be paying more for fects of the current system. eral non-involvement in land use decis'1on­ sugar than they would in a free market Many Members of Congress, and citi­ m9.king. We also believe that the bill which zens who are concerned in this area, are emerged from the Environment Subcommit­ economy. tee of the House Committee on Interior and Another argument frequently ad­ trying to probe the complex professional Insular Affairs lacked those safeguards. vanced in support of this program is that and economic factors involved in the We are encouraged by Congressman Udall's the Government pays nothing to main­ various national health insurance pro­ acceptance of a number of amendments to tain it since money paid out in subsidies posals. Therefore, I am very pleased to his original bill. These amendment.s seem to to growers is offset by tariff and duty be able to submit for the RECORD the us to be more consistent with the stated following excellent analysis of the goals policy on land utilization promulgated by the revenues collected on imported sugar. and factors which ought to be carefully National Association of Realtors in 1973 and The fallacy of this assertion is that both considered in any national health insur­ 1974. subsidies and import duties are ulti­ ance plan. This analysis was presented We have pursued a course of reasonable mately paid for by the American con­ compromise in our discussions with Mr. Udall sumer. The $90 million doled out to do­ by Belle Likover on behalf of the Cleve­ and Mr. Ruppe. As a consequence of these land Chapter of the National Association mestic sugar .producers each year come of Social Workers at the Northeast Ohio discussions, we support H.R. 10294. We are out of public tax revenues. Import du­ further encouraged that, when the House Congressional Council hearings: considers land use legislation, key sponsors ties are passed along to the public in the NATTIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL of H.R. 10294 are willing to accept even clear­ form of higher prices for foreign sugar WORKERS, INC., CLEVELAND AREA er definitions of the proper roles of the dif­ and sugar products. If we abandon this CHAPTER ferent levels of government and stronger wasteful program, consumers could buy Cleveland, Ohio, May 17, 1974. safeguards to protect private property rights. sugar produced overseas at the lower Hon. LOUIS STOKES, We are hopeful that the bill will pass and world price. U.S. Representative, recognize that the acceptance of its key pro­ The bill reported out by the Committee Washington, D.C. visions by the House and Senate conferees DEAR CONGRESSMAN STOKES: We appreci­ is essential to the maintenance of the bal­ on Agriculture did provide for changes ated the opportunity to be heard at the ance which we seek. which would improve the present Sugar Northeast Ohio Congressional Hearings on Sincerely yours, Act by reducing subsidies and strength­ May 10 on the subject of a national health JOSEPH B. DOHERTY, ening the protection of the poverty­ insurance plan. President. stricken workers in this industry. Yet the This letter follows up on your request at committee bill retained the structure of the meeting for material comparing the Kennedy-Mills Bill and the Nixon plan. We import quotas and grower subsidies are sending you a comparative statement, DISSOLVING THE SUGAR ACT which keeps the price of sugar at arti­ prepared by the Committee for National ficially inflated heights. Health Insurance and distributed by the In addition, H.R. 14747 perpetuated Americans for Democratic Action, rega,rding HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN inflationary price objectives bound by a the three major proposals now under consid­ OF MASSACHUSETTS floor without a corresponding ceiling. Fi­ eration. This is the clearest statement we know of the major differences. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nally, the bill eliminated the present ex­ As you know from our enclosed testimony, cise tax on domestically manufactured Thursday, June 6, 1974 we approve the major thrust of Kennedy­ sugar while raising the price objective, Mills (H.R. 13870), but have reservations Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, 40 yea.rs further augmenting grower income while a.bout the regressive features of the contri­ ago, the United States was in throes of bringing about an inevitable increase in butions base, the hardships which the de­ an economic crisis. American farmers price to be borne by the American con­ ductibles and co-insurance features will have were destroying their crops in the fields sumer. upon the working poor and lower middle class, the lack of consumer controls, and the because the cost of harvesting exceeded Some labor groups have expressed free hand given the drug companies and med­ the value of the crops on the open mar­ fears that if the Sugar Act is allowed to ical care providers in price and fee setting. ket. To help alleviate this pressing prob­ lapse, the few existing protections for At the same time, Kennedy-Mills has more lem, Congress provided subsidies to sugar workers will disappear. I strongly progressive features than the Nixon Bill. In farmers and established market quotas support legislation to provide workers in brief these are: in a variety of important domestic agri­ our sugar fields with a fair living wage, 1. The deductibles and co-insurance fea­ cultural commodities, including sugar. decent working conditions, and adequate tures are less harsh and costly; Today, in 1974, we face a different 2. The role of the private insurance com­ protection against mistreatment or acci­ panies is reduced to that of fl.seal intermedi­ economic crisis-the skyrocketing cost of dent. Such legislation, however, can be aries as in Medicare. However, since their living. The Consumer Price Index has enacted on its own merits, without con­ track record is dubious in the latter case, risen a shocking 10.2 percent in the past tinuing to subsidize sugar growers at there should be strict controls against profit­ 12 months. To help meet this problem, public expense. It is time that Congress eering; the outdated network of quotas, sub· began living up to its responsibility to 3. A single system for all Americans as sidies, and price supports, which has stem the spiraling cost of living by giv­ against the Nixon plan of separate systems benefited domestic sugar producers at ing millions of dollars in sugar subsidies for rich and poor; public expense for the past four decades, back to the people and restoring the free 4. More equitable insurance payments ac­ should be dissolved. market in this vital commodity. cording to income; Supporters of the Sugar Act claim that 5. Somewhat better cost and quality con­ the program aids the consumer by in­ trols (these are actually absent in the Nixon suring low prices. They point out that plan); the world price of raw sugar averaged HEALTH SERVICES 6. Steps to assure basic reform of the health $9.31 per pound in 1973 while the regu­ care system, notably a Health Resources De­ velopment Board, which would address itself lated American price averaged $8.65 per to issues of health manpower development, pound. Yet these 1973 statistics are an geographic dtstrlbutlon of physicians, etc.; exception to the economic rule of the HON. LOUIS STOKES OF OHIO 7. Most significant of all perhaps is the past 20 years. In 9 of the past 10 years fact that unlike the Nixon plan, which ls vol­ and 18 of the past 20, the American price IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES untary, the Kennedy-Mills Bill is compulsory. of sugar has been higher than the world Thursday, June 6, 1974 we urge your support and attention to the price. issues in our testimony which, if translated If foreign producers had free access to Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, one of the into appropriate amendments, could for the the American market in those years, most important areas of legislative and first time in history produce a. b111 capable of American consumers would have paid national concern centers around our sys­ beginning to meet the health care needs of less for sugar and the many food prod­ tem for the delivery of and payment for all Americans. ucts containing sugar. Economic experts health services. This is, and ought to be, Sincerely, expect the world sugar price to resume its a matter of the greatest public interest, BELLE LIKOVER. 18364 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June _7, 1974 TESTIMONY FOR THE NORTHEAST OHIO We urge amendments to the Kennedy­ does not prepare patients of all ages for dis­ CONGRESSIONAL COUNCIL HEARINGS Mllls Bill to correct the inequities that dis­ charge from the hospital . (Prepared for the Social Policy and Action . criminate against the working poor and Contemporary social work with its com­ Division of the Cleveland Chapter of the lower income family. munity organizing, advocacy, and planning National Association of Social Workers by n. Cost Controls: skills also has a. critical role to play in the Ruth Ellen Lindenberg, presented by Belle Review of the bill reveals that service fee­ planning and monitoring of health care. So­ Likover and Members of the division) setting will be done by "the medical societies cial workers speak for a public which they or equivalent organizations" subject to spec­ Since the House Ways and Means Com- have intimate connections with at times of ified controls (section 2046). Supervision of greatest stress and crisis. mittee of which Congressman Vanik is a drug costing falls under a Formulary Com­ member, is currently giving attention to the mittee composed mostly of physicians. Ac­ The Kennedy-Mills Bill is silent on the Kennedy-Mills Bill, we would like to address cording to the Act prices are listed at the inclusion of social services as a required ourselves to this bill today. figure at which proprietary drugs are gen­ component in the medical care service spec­ We affirm the basic purposes of the Act ( 1) erally sold by suppliers, taking into consid­ trum. We recommend that medical social creation of national health insurance bene­ eration "reasonable allowances With respect services be included by name in the various fits aim.ing at comprehensive health care for to out-patient drugs and biologicals" (Sec­ benefit packages and defined separately in all Americans, (2) modification of the present tion 2047). Note particularly that the b111 the list of definitions for all care components. health care delivery system by adding new contains no requirement that generic drugs We also ask for provision for payment for provisions for cost and quality control, ( 3) be substituted for expensive proprietary services rendered on both agency based and the development of new health care service drugs. Indeed, the door looks not ajar but independent practice. In addition, we ask capability utilizing national, state and area­ wide open for abuses! that social workers be represented at all wide planning. We are gratified that coverage While we can hardly claim to be medical levels of policy making. is mandatory not voluntary, and universal economists, we are keen observers of the VI. Health Manpower: not categorical. We note also that there is many flagrant practices that have arlsen in Section 1417 gives the Health Insurance Re­ cognizance, unlike in the prior Medicare and fee charging for services and drugs (gang sources Development Board the mandate "to Medicaid Acts, that existing facilities and visits in nursing homes, kick-backs on provide education for health personnel where manpower are inadequate to accomplish its drugs, etc.) under Medicare. We believe that there is the greatest need". Physicians rate a purposes and can, indeed, lead to serious in­ the bill may fall to provide adequate meas­ high priority and are identified by profession flation of medical care costs unless resource ures to prevent such abuses. in the bill. We believe that social work man­ development keeps pace with need and tight We also question the role of the private power also falls into the category of greatest fiscal and quality controls are established. insurance companies under the Kennedy­ need. We therefore request that the bill be While affirming the basic thrust of Ken­ Mills Act. Past experience substantiates that amended to provide for the training for social nedy-Mills, we have serious reservations on the "Blues" and other private insurance work manpower and that appropriations be several counts: companies have done little to monitor fees provided for training and student stipends. 1. Inadequacy of coverage of t he working or to institute measures to hold the cost in poor and lower middle class. line. We believe that stringent cost controls, We appreciate the opportunity to testify, While we deplore a means test in prin­ water tight regulations, and severe penalties thank the congressmen of Northeast Ohio for ciple, we find the proposed means test to be for violations must be mandated if huge their patience, and urge their help in the particularly harsh on the lower income per­ sums of money poured into the medical care passage of a comprehensive, well-ro\Ulded son. If one is on public assistance or supple­ system are to be converted to "people" serv­ health bill. mental security income, he may make out ices, not to padding the incomes of medical Dr. Russell Roth, President of the prestigi­ reasonably well. Even the elderly under Medi­ care providers and insurance carriers. ous American Medical Association says (TV care will benefit by the addition of unlimited Ill. Consumer Representation: News, Aprll 26) there is no medical ca.re crisis. hospital days and out-patient drug benefits. The Act provides for several presumably This may well be for physicians' families These are gains. high level advisory bodies. While the Na­ whose medical care can be secured via pro­ But, what about the family whose income tional Health Insurance Resources Advisory fessional courtesy, for the drug companies lies between the legislated means test eli­ Board (Section 1401, 1421) requires a ma­ whose profits have ballooned to unconscion­ gibility level ($4800 for a family of four) and jority of members representative of con­ able proportions in the last few years, and the modest but adequate budget standard of sumer interests, it appears that physicians for doctors who in increasing numbers prac.: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (as of Feb­ and service providers may dominate the in­ tice in the lucrative specialties instead of ruary 1974, $13,190 for a family of four). Can fluential Health Insurance Benefits Advisory family medicine. such families handle deductibles and co­ Council (Section 2046) and the Formulary Ask the blue collar worker if there is a med­ insurances up to 25% of the amount by Committee (Section 2047). Lack of consumer ical care crisis. The worker whose family can­ which their income exceeds the mea.ns test? representation would seem to be a serious not get day to day maintenance medical care $8800 is the cut-off point for any reduction lack. Health care as a social utility should because its employment-related private in­ in these deductibles and co-insurances for be subject to public priorities, standards, and surance, often as high as $65 per month, does a. family of four. Deductibles and co-insur­ accountability. Consumer participation can not pay for the out-of-hospital care most ance for this family would be $1000 if illness no longer be a gesture, it should be man­ families with small children need most. Ask is incurred. This is nearly 9 % of the family's dated. We urge that the b111 be amended to the poverty level family in the inner city annual income. (The Bureau of Labor Statis­ insure this at all levels. whose neighborhood no longer has a doctor tics budgets allows roughly 5.3 % for medical IV. Long Term Ca.re: and who must utilize our crowded clinics, if expenses for its modest but adequate budget While we are heartened by the provision such are even accessible by public transpor­ family!) of long term care benefits emphasizing am­ tation. Ask the Senior Citizen at this point in Or, for example, the $7000 income family. bulatory and health maintenance services, time when Medicare currently defrays only Can it manage the required deductible/co­ we are concerned that enrollment is on a 42 % of the medical bills of the aged. insurance payments of $550 or 8% of its in­ voluntary basis. The premium of $6 per The Division on Social Policy and Action come? We do not believe they can without month is modest. Yet we have only to re­ of the Cleveland Chapter of the National As­ serious inroads on food and other essentials mind ourselves that one out of four persons sociation of social Workers believes there is or without foregoing medical care. over 65 have an income below the poverty a. medical care crisis and that large numbers Let us remember too, that the !ow income level to realize that this premium pric£.s out of people do not get needed medical care family is generally the family with young individuals who may need coverage the most. because of cost, inaccessibility, and the in­ children, prone to childhood diseases, sore We urge that long term care be made avail­ sufficiency of physicians interested in gen­ throats, earaches and the sundry illnesses able without this unrealistic premium. eral medicine. The Division urges support for prevalent in children under 12. While well­ V. Role of Social Service in a National the passage of a comprehensive national child care is provided without deductibles or Health Insurance: health insurance program financed by social co-insurance for children under 6, this does Medical social services are an integral part Security and general revenue which wlll pro­ not extend to sick-child care nor is well­ of comprehensive health ca.re, directly re­ child care available for the 6-12 year old. lated to appropriate utilization of medical vide comprehensive equity, pre-pa.id medical If we are truly concerned about the health care at all levels. While the humanitarian benefits for all Americans, guarantee cost of our children, this is intolerable. A recent concern for helping individuals and families controls, and assure appropriate professional study in Boston of 618 youth examined for a. to deal with the economic and social dis­ standards. Its criteria. for such a bill are in­ summer work program showed 47% with locations associated with lllness is the pri­ cluded in today's testimony. We urge that the physical abnormalities, 16% severe. Half of mary reason for social services in health merit of any proposed bill be judged by these. the group With major disabilities and 84% programs, these services make a distinct with minor disa."lllities were found to have contribution to the economics of medical had inadequate medical care. Other studies, care. Older persons denied social service APPENDIX: POSITION STATEMENT ON A including the draft rejection figures from planning by default end up in costly long NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN the last war, support the conclusion that The Social Polley and Action Division of children in our affluent society do not get the term care facilities. Medical care costs for care they need and in fact grow to adulthood neglected children mount when contributory . the Cleveland Area. Chapter of the National with serious correctable but uncorrected social problems are not attended. Hospital Association of Social Workers, representing defects. days a.re extended when lack of planning QOO professional social workers, wishes to go EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18365 June 7, 1974 - - . ·- on record as supporting a national health prehensive care for all; health maintenance through the budgetary process to restrain the insurance program. service, emergency care, diagnostic service, mounting cost of medical care. . To provide for the medical care needs of all ambulatory care, hospitalization, supportive 6. Encourage collaboration among private Americans, such a plan should: social <1ervices (including transportation), individual fee for service system, group de­ 1. Establish a. national health insurance mental health care, home health services, livery systems, and public programs. fund, pooling risks and financed by social .rehabilitation, and medications and appli­ 7. Provide strong incentives for group prac­ security taxes and general revenue, without ances. tice and support for the development of a reliance on private insurance. 3. Insure consumer participation at all variety of health maintenance organizations. 2. Provide a. single track program ( a pro­ levels of policy ma.king and monitoring of 8. Establish manpower and education and gram that does not separate medically care. training programs to insure the availability indigent from those who can afford to pay 4. Establish quality of care standards en­ of health care personnel of all kinds, and the for care) or pre-paid benefits without deduc­ forced by well-defined procedures. equitable distribution of health personnel tibles or co-insurance features to assure com- 5. Establish and monitor cost controls · among the population in need.

THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES NATIONAL HEALTH SECURI'rY PROGRAM COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH INSURANCE ACT Kennedy-Griffiths (S-3) (H.R. 22-23) The Nixon plan (S. 2970) (H.R.12684) Mills-Kennedy bill (S. 3268) (H.R. 13870)

Concept Concept Concept Access to full health services as a right Three programs: Health Insurance as part of the national under one program. ( 1) Employer Health Insurance Plan system of Social Security, similar in structw·e Universal comprehensive health insurance (EHIP) requires all employers to offer a baste to Medicare: for all U.S. residents regardless of age or insurance package for their employees. (Em­ Two programs: income, including built-in cost and quality ployees may elect not to participate) . ( 1) Persons under 65 to be covered by a controls. Guarantees that all Americans re­ (2) Assisted Health Insurance Plan (AHIP) basic insurance plan financed with increased ceive the same high-level benefit coverage. requires States to contract with insurance Social Security taxes. Abolishes Medicare, most of Medicaid, and carriers for coverage of low-income persons (2) Medicare retained for the aged and some 19 other governmental programs which and high-risk individuals. (Voluntary par­ disabled with expanded benefits. provide personal health services and inte­ ticipation by individuals.) Both plans use private insurance carriers grates them into the universal plan. (3) Continuation of Medicare Plan cover­ as fiscal intermediaries. ing those 65 and over with certain modifica­ tions. All three plans use private insurance car­ riers as intermediaries. Financing Financing Financing Health Security Trust Fund derived as EHIP-Erilployer must pay 65 % , 75% later. Basic Plan-Individuals pay a tax of 1 % follows: 60% from general tax revenues; the Employee pays 36 % , 26 % in three years. on the first $20,000 of income from any balance from a 3.6 % Health Security tax on AHIP-General revenues subsidize private source (including welfare benefits). The self· the employer payroll; a 1 % employee tax on insurance coverage for low-income and high employed pay a 2.5% tax on the same $20,000 the first $16,000 of individual income; a 2.5% medical risk persons. Premiums, deductibles income base. Employers pay a 3 % payroll tax on the first $15,000 of self-employment and co-insurance adjustment based on in­ tax. Federal and state contributions sub­ income, come. sidized cost of covering low-income persons. Medicare Plan-Uses present Social Se­ Medicare-Financed through a continua­ curity tax system and current 1.8% of pay­ tion of the .8 % payroll tax on employer and roll to $13,200. ( .9 % employer and .9 % em­ employee. A new "Part C" benefit package ployee). Also requires $90 annual premium. for long-term care to be financed by volun­ Medicaid-Certain state medicaid pro­ tary individual premiums of $6 a month. Ad­ grams continue. Additional $1 billion an­ ditional subsidy of the long-term care pack­ nually required in state payments for new age from state revenues now committed to AHIP program. Medicaid programs and federal revenues. Medicaid abolished. Administration Administration Administration Publicly administered program in Depart­ Private insurance companies. Medicare re­ Independent Social Security Administra­ ment of HEW, five-member, full-time Health tained, Medicaid abolished except for long­ tion responsible for collection of taxes and. Security Board appointed by the President. term care benefits. . administration of Trust Fund. Contracts Ten HEW regions, 100 sub-regions. Advisory with private insurance companies to handle councils at all levels with majority of mem­ benefit payments as fiscal intermediates. (as bers representing consumer. in the Medicare program). Benefits Benefits Benefits Benefits cover the entire range of personal Benefits offered by all three plans for hos­ Present Medicare benefits are retained but health care services including prevention and pitalization and outpatient care would be expanded to include a limited drug benefit, early detection of disease. There are no cutoff identical but require extensive co-insurance unlimited hospitalization and a voluntary dates, no co-insurance, no co-deductibles, no and deductibles. Only those participating in long-term care progra~ waiting period. program covered. Basic plan, after deductibles are met, in­ Some limitations on adult dental care, Limitations on dental care, drugs, psy­ cludes inpatient hospital services, physician psychiatric care, nursing home care and chiatric care, preventive care, home health services, 30 days hospitalization for mental drugs. Provides pilot project benefit for the services, eye care, nursing home care. lliness, certain preventative services, home chronically ill and aged. Deductibles in EHIP of $150 for all services health and skilled nursing. except drugs with family maximum of $450. No cost sharing for families of four with EHIP co-insurance of 25 % after paying de­ incomes under $4,800. Reduced cost sharing ductible. Maximum family deductibles and for families with incomes between $4,800 and co-insurance, $1,500. Deductibles and co-in­ $8,800. Families with income in excess of surance also under AHIP and Medicare. $8,800 pay a per person deductible of $150. Families with incomes in excess of $8,800 pay a co-insurance of 25% on all services until the total of family expenditures for deducti­ bles and co-insurance reach $1,000. After that, no further cost sharing ls required. Quality Control Quality Control Quality Control Establishes quality control commission and Relies on physician-controlled peer review Relies on physician peei: review organiza­ national standards for participating profes­ organizations, i.e., Professional Standards tions. Includes all services not Just institu­ sional and institutional providers. Regula­ Review Organizations. tional services. Regulation of majo_r surgery tion of major surgery and certain other spe­ and certain other specialist services. National. cialist services; national licensure standards standards for participating institutional pro­ and requirements for continuing education. viders. CXX--1158-Part 14 18366 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974

THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES-Continued NATIONAL HEALTH SECURITY PROGRAM COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH INSURANCE ACT Kennedy-Griffiths (S- 3) (H.B. 22-23) The Nixon plan (S. 2970) (H.B. 12684) Mills-Kennedy bill (S. 3268) (H.R. 13870 )

Cost Control Cost Cont rol Cost Control Operates on annual national budget, re­ Insurance company premiums to be con­ Contains some incentives to improve the gional budget, negotiated prospective budgets trolled as they are at present-by "com­ delivery system although the effectiveness of for hospitals and other institutions, nego­ petition" and state insurance commission cost and quality controls will be substantially tiated budgets for HMO's a.nd prepaid group regulation. weakened by the private fiscal intermediaries. practices a.nd negotiated budgets of physi­ Physicians to be paid on fee schedules but cians in solo practice charging on a fee-for­ may charge patients above fee schedules. servlce basis. Deductibles and coinsurance designed to make consumers increasingly "cost-con­ scious" so they will not "over-utilize" serv­ ice and would seek least costly medical serv­ ices when they need them. Source: Committee for National Healt h Insurance.

NCOA AWARD TO SENATOR is named, L. Mendel Rivers, one of the great one who might h a vE aggressive d-esigns on JOHN TOWER patriots of this country, I am highly hon­ t he United St ates, and further, we want to ored and I really think that I don't deserve it create a climate in the world in which all because it occurs to me that you are honor­ people can aspire to self determination ..• HON. STROM THURMOND ing me for what I consider to be my duty. and then have some reasonable hope of real­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA I have had some rat her strong instructions izing that aspirat:on. It is essential that on that by an old chief boatswain who gave we maintain a military strength that is at IN THE SENATE OF THE SUNITED STATES me a great deal of advice that I will not re­ least at parity with that of the other great Friday, June 7, 1974 late to you here this evening. I started out super power, the Soviet Union. If we allow in the Navy the way that Bob Barker did, I ourselves to slide into a position of military Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, re­ was a naval aviation cadet. After a period inferiority to the Soviets, this is what would cently, the senior Senator from Texas, of eight or nine months, the Navy in its in­ happen. the Honorable JOHN TowER, was recog­ finite wisdom decided they did not want to Other nations of the world no longer are nized by the Noncommissioned Officers entrust any of their expensive airborne hard­ confident that the United States can provide Association of the United States of ware to my tender care. I washed out ending a strategic umbrella to protect them. That up as a deck hand on an amphibious gun the United States in a position of military America-NCOA-for his outstanding boat and I have not regretted a minute of it weakness can no longer honor its commit­ contributions to the legislative affairs of since. I feel particularly honored that you ments, when the United States can no longer this great Nation. would give this award to a Texan ... because maintain a credible military presenc · in The 160,000-plus member organiza­ if my service experience is any guide cer­ o-~her parts of the world then they will seek tion of noncommissioned and petty of­ tainly some of you must think that flaws to make their own accommodation with the ficers of the U.S. Armed Forces present­ exist in the credibility of most Texans...• Soviets and ultimately there will not be two ed their third annual L. Mendel Rivers So I know that I have some credibility super powers of this world, there will be only problems simply by virtut: of my native ::;tate; one and it will be able to impose its will on Award for Legislative Action to Senator however, all these stories about Texans are this earth without ever firing a shot. They TOWER, who is a full-fledged member of hypercritical as we are tremendously honest won't need to, because they can and will that group, the world's largest enlisted people. A Texan never lies unless it is ab­ embark on political &.nd economic ad~entures. military association. solutely necessary. I am really proud to be They can intimidate and they can threaten Three years ago, I had the honor of a part of this organization and to know it because there is no one to stop them. We accepting the first award from the is not just concerned with the welfare of its would eventually find ourselves isolated and NCOA. Two years ago, the Honorable F. own constituency but is concerned about we are not a self sufficient nation any more. many things including the defense of the We are dependent on others and we must EDWARD HEBERT, chairman of the House Untied States. We hear a great deal of talk maintain some political and economic influ­ Armed Services Committee, received the about priorities these days, and we hear ence in this world, in our own national in­ second award, and I know that Senator. enough people suggest that we can't produce terest. TOWER is as proud as Mr. HEBERT and I both guns and butter, this is erroneous to Once having been isolated and seeing the to have been a recipient of such a hand­ begin with because we have an economy that economy of the world dominated by what is some and meaningful trophy. can produce both. There are those who r:.ay h..i.rclly a benevolent super bomb, we would Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ that our priorities should b r for human need, find ourselves steadily deteriorating in the sent that Senator TOWER'S acceptance that we must lavish federal monies on try­ terms of the possession of resources neces­ ing to help the underprivileged and disad­ sary to elevate the condition of our people speech be printed in the Extensions of vantaged of this country, and indeed my to bring up those who are low on the socio­ Remarks. friends we should help those who, due to economic scale or to maintain the high There being no objection, the speech circumstances beyond their control, cannot st3.n~ard that most of us have come to enjoy. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, help themselves. ":'h.is very subject of why the security of the as follows: We would be inhuman if we thought other­ United States is our number one priority SPEECH MADE BY SENATOR JOHN TOWER UPON wise. But we should note that as a percentage must also equate with the security of the INTRODUCTION AND PRESENTATION OF THE of our national budget and as a percentage free world. I am so glad that there is an L. MENDEL RXVERS AWARD FOR LEGISLATIVE o.:- our gross national products our outlays organization like us that is dedicated to that ACTION AT THE ANNUAL NCOA BANQUET/ on defense has gone down steacily over the proposition. I am proud to be a part of you; past few years. Indeed only 30 percent of you honor me too much and I thank you so BALL, APRIL 19, 1974; INTRODUCTION BY MR. very much for allownig me to sit at your C. A. "MACK" McKINNEY, DIRECTOR OF your tax dollar now goes to defend your LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS; PRESENTATION BY MR. country. Some 47 percen'; goes to what is table. JAMES 0. DUNCAN, PRESIDENT, NCOA called human resources. So now that has been established as a priority from the spend­ Thank you Mack, thank you Jim and thank ing standpoint but : must suggest strongly you my fellow Non Commissioned Officers. THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE to you, my friends, th£. t the defense of the CLARKE-McNARY ACT rm of course moved a.nd highly honored United Stu.tes, the security of the United that you should present this award to me States is, a...:.d must be, our number one na­ and I'm sure I must feel pretty much like tional priority. You cannot have a free soci­ Bob Barker does. We crossed the paths of HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING Bob Hope in Monterey and VietNam and ety, you cannot have an influential society and you certainly cannot have a society that OF PENNSYLVANIA other parts of this world many times, and I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES think that it is a singular honor that you is capable of looking to the needs of those pay us both tonight. Long having been asso­ less privileged among its citizens ... if you Thursday, June 6, 1974 ciated with Strom Thurmond, Eddy Hebert, do not urst have a secure flag ... we have no ·and the work of the armed services commit­ design on the territories or the people of the Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I take tees of our respective offices, and having been areas of the world. pleasure in joinrng with my colleagues of as sociated with the man for whom the award We want to defend ourselves, to deter any- the House Subcommittee on Forestry in June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS: OF REMARKS 18367. recognizing June 7, 1974, as the 50th an­ Wednesday when five words jumped from Ou the Mass cards distributed at the fu· Judge Gaughan's obituary. They were, neral Mass this morning were these words, niversary of the Clarke-McNary Act. "foster brother James V. Speciale." "0 Lord, God, who judges all men, remember A very important but little known pro­ Perhaps the story of why James V. Speciale your servant Charles, who constantly appeals vision of this act permitted private own­ was on that list tells more about the atmos­ to you for guidance. ers to donate forested lands to the Fed­ phere in which the Gaughans were brought "Remember also his mother and father eral Government. These donations were up than any other story I have heard. The whom he loved so dearly." added to various National Forests. last time I was with Charley and Vince And who left him and the othP.rs raised by Under this provision, 355,000 acres of Gaughan was the night in January when them a priceless legacy-an abundance of forested lands have been dedicated by Vince threw a party at the Buffalo Club innate class which they showed in the tender for Democratic Majority Leader Tip O'Nem. and thoughtful way they chose to say "good­ public-spirited individuals for multiple Among the other guests there was Jim bye for now" to their beloved brother today. use purposes to be enjoyed by all people. Speciale. When I asked about his link to the family, I was told: "Oh, he was another The Buffalo Evening News also con­ nonrelative raised in the house. He was veyed a part of Judge Gaughan's life in NEW YORK STATE SUPREME COURT about 9 when his mother and father died the following eulogy: JUSTICE CHARLES J. GAUGHAN and he just came to live with us." That CHARLES GAUGHAN Is DEAD; A JURIST HERE FOR kind act of Mary and Joseph Gaughan was 11 YEARS made to sound like something everyone Supreme Court Justice Charles J. Gaughan, HON. JACK F. KEMP would do in a similar situation. 52, died early today in Buffalo General Hos­ OF NEW YORK The other man in our group that moment pital after suffering a heart attack Tuesday IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was Dr. Herb Lee, who came to live with in his Hamburg home. the Gaughans after his father died and his A native of Buffalo's old First Ward, Justice Thursday, June 6, 1974 mother was obliged to move away from the Gaughan was a self-made man who worked Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Supreme area. Not too long after he joined the family, in steel mills and put in a World War II hitch Court Justice Charles J. Gaughan, a good he and Vince became members of the Buffalo in the Army before embarking on a legal friend, distinguished jurist, and highly Police Department. It wasn't until after career. W.W. II that they could afford college. He was a Town of Hamburg supervisor and respected State leader died recently. When the police department was men­ justice of the peace and an assistant district His long and accomplished career tioned, both Vince and Herb broke up and attorney for 4¥:z years before he became a spanned more than 30 years, having it was minutes before Vince could tell what county judge in 1952. served as Hamburg supervisor and as­ the joke was about. It seems that one time During his nearly 11 years on the County sistant district attorney before becom­ Vince told his mother that he couldn't pay Court and State Supreme Court bench, he ing a county judge. His 11 years as a his weekly board as the mayor had neglected built a reputation as a hard-working jurist county and supreme court judge earned to sign the officers' checks. Vince then neg­ who could trim down overloaded court calen­ lected to tell Herb, who produced his board dars in a hurry. him a reputation as a diligent worker money as he did every week. He frequently left his own Courtroom to and fairminded adjudicator. As they began talking about the old days, help out in critical judicial areas. He was de­ His passion for work and devotion to I began to get homesick for my big family. tached for duty in the New York City area at the community led him to help organize It seems that throwing water on friends and times in other Western New York counties. a committee of town officials in 1961 strangers alike was the big gag among the He also helped out with the welter of liti­ which accomplished the first major re­ boys, and more than once Marie answered gation stemming from the 1971 Attica Prison vision in the State's town law since 1933. the door to find that her date of the evening uprising. As an innovator, Judge Gaughan also was completely drenched, although there was He currently had been under serious con­ no rain anywhere else on the street. sideration by Republicans as a running mate played a major role in organization of Another time Vince set what he thought for Gov. Malcolm Wilson in his bid for re­ the pioneering traffic violators school was the perfect ambush for Herb. But just election in this year's state election. for Erie County. as he let the water-a pail's worth-fly, he Justice Gaughan was born Sept. 28, 1921. While the death of Justice Gaughan saw that his victim was dressed in his His father, the late Joseph P. Gaughan, was will leave a very real void in the hearts (Vince's) new tuxedo, "my pride and joy." a waterfront grain scooper. of all New Yorkers who knew him, it is Somehow it reminded me of the time an "I grew up in a realistic neighborhood," indeed all of New York State that will older brother said, "Take my new belt off." Justice Gaughan later recalled. "In the First, My answer was: "If I do, your pants will fall Second and Third Wards in South Buffalo, miss him. down." you faced reality and you had to battle a One indication of the Gaughan legacy Among American-Irish, one of the finest lot." rests in the fitting tributes paid him by compliments you can give a man is to say, He and his three brothers worked their way all New Yorkers. Bob Curran, writing in "He is one of us." I've had it said to me by to distinguished careers in different fields. A the Buffalo Evening News, spoke elo­ men whom I didn't want to be one of and brother, Dr. Lawrence A. Gaughan, is a den­ quently about the Gaughan legacy-a vice versa. But I knew from the first. that tist, Vincent M. Gaughan, an attorney, has family imbued with innate class-show the Gaughans were people I wanted to know risen to a high place in national political cir­ in the tender and thot,ghtful way they better. cles. He gained wide recognition as a top Our·first meeting came on the night before trouble-shooter for the late President John chose to say goodby for now to their be­ Independence Day in 1967. The former Mary F, Kennedy. loved brother. Sullivan had come here to help shop for a A third brother, Francis P., became a dep­ Bob Curran's eulogy follows: house and arrived as the riots of that sum­ uty commissioner in the Buffa.lo Police De­ THE GAUGHAN LEGACY: LOVE, HONOR, CLASS mer were at their peak. At that moment she partment, retiring in January, 1971. (By Bob Curran) would have made Glenn Dickey come on as a Charles Gaughan was a bantamweight Buffalo booster. football player and trackman at South Park On more than a few occasions when the Then Herb Lee, whom I had gotten to High School and also became a top-notch talk has turned to the Kennedys as being know in the month I had lived here alone, debater before his graduation in 1940. the first American-Irish family, I dissented told us he wanted us to come to a Fourth He then went to work as a timekeeper at and said: "My vote would go to some bunch of July bash at some friends' house. The Worthington Pump Corp., and became a la­ like the Gaughans right here in Western New friends were Marge and Vince and at differ­ borer for Bethlehem Steel Corp. in 1941. York." ent points during the night, we met the "I weighed 155 pounds when I went to Then I would add something like: "Look other members of the family. work in the m1lls,'' he recalled, "and I hit at the record. Frank made deputy police After that I would run into Vince and 159 before I left and there was no fat." commissioner, Vince is one of the influential Charley a lot. Whenever I did, my day was a As a steelworker, he was part of the con­ Western New Yorkers on the Washington little better for it. Just the mention of the struction gang for building of Memorial scene and is responsible for the Father Baker name had made me chuckle, and I am sure Auditorium. He also started work for a de­ Bridge being so named, Charley's a State it was because of their warm outlook on life. gree as a part-time Canisius College stu- Supreme Court Justice and Larcy's a suc­ Of course neither I nor anyone else saw dent. . cessful oral surgeon. Of course, Marie de­ Charley during the moments that he told He was thinking about a medical cal'eer serves a medal for just being the only girl Vince about one day. "Whenever I am faced when he entered the World War II Army in that family. with a difficult decision on the bench on in 1943. He was discharged as a sergeant "Keep ln mind that their father, Joseph sentencing day," he said, "I kneel down a.lone in 1946 after service in the Medical Corps. Gaughan, was a. scooper on the waterfront, in my chambers and ask God to guide me on He said his experience as a medical corps­ not a multi-millionaire. And every one of the right course. I can't tell you how many man turned his interest away from medicine the kids were raised in the First Ward. I times I have gotten out of bed at night to and toward law. rest my case." · kneel and pray that God would direct me to He enrolled in the University of Buffa.lo I was mulling over that declaration a Just decision." and in a. whirlwind scholastic career earned 18368 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 his bachelor of arts degree in a year and 8 the mills of the gods grind slowly they c.ost of oil and gas production would be months. are very effective. created by this legislation. He was graduated from the UB Law For example, the Clarke-McNary Act In an effort to compile accurate records School in 1950 and admitted to the bar of June 7, 1924, had its genesis in a with respect to the actual cost of the wide in 1951. range of activities involved in natural gas Throughout his college career, he worked speech made in 1873 in Portland, Maine, and oil development and production, the to pay his expenses. by a physician, a Dr. Hough. He spoke on FOGCO proposal provides that the corpora­ Meanwhile, he had taken on the respon­ "the duty of governments in forests." His tion would be subject to full regulation by sibilities of a married man, marrying the plea did not receive recognition until the FPC and FPC pricing techniques. former Mary Louise Bauer in 1943. passage of the Clarke-McNary Act 51 In private practice, he specialized in crim­ years later. inal law. Between 1952 and 1958, he put in a 4¥2-year stint as an assistant district Since that date in 1924, fire protection attorney. has been extended to more than 600 mil­ PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TC THE He was a busy assistant DA, doing much lion acres, a great achievement, but we LAND USE PLANNING ACT of the City Court and town justice court must not rest on our oars. There still are criminal trial work. some 40 million acres seattered in a He was elected a Hamburg justice of the dozen States that do not receive fire pro­ HON. MO RIS K. UDALL peace in 1963. Two yea.rs later he won elec­ tection of any kind and we are not at all OF ARIZONA tion as Hamburg supervisor, at a time when IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a supervisor was a county legislator as well liberal in Federal cost sharing for it. as an administrative officer. Costs are being shared 86 to 14 percent-­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 In 1961, he helped organize a committee with States and local communities carry­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, the sponsors of town officials which drafted the Suburban ing the 86 percent. of H.R. 10294, the Land Use Planning Town Law passed by the 1973 Legislature, We need to get on with the task of Act, plan to offer a package of amend­ the first major revision of the state's town protecting the remainder of the Nation's law since 1933. forest lands and sharing expense liberally ments to the bill on the floor this week. He also helped organize and headed a com­ enough to provide efficient, modem fire­ These amendments are the result of vari­ mittee of town and municipal reprooenta­ fighting equipment, and manpower. ous concerns expressed both at the re­ tives which settled tax equalization disputes cent hearings in April and by various or­ in the county. ganizations and Members who, while sup­ He also was an innovator as a judge, play­ porting the basic concepts in H.R. 10294, ing a major role in organization of the pio­ felt the need for clarification of the leg­ neering Traffic Violators School for Erie THE CASE FOR A FEDERAL OIL A-1'.ID County. GAS CORPORATION-NO. 41 islation in certain respects. These On May 1, 1963, Gov. Rockefeller named amendments are the result of various him County Court judge. When he failed to concerns expressed both at the recent win Republican organization endorsement HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON hearings in April and by various organi­ for election to the court post that fall, he OF MASSACHUSETTS zations and Members who, while support­ ran as an independent, winning the GOP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing the basic concepts in H.R. 10294, felt nomination and later the election. Thursday, June 6, 1974 the need for clarification of the legisla­ On Nov. 25, 1968, Gov. Rockefeller named tion in certain respects. These amend­ him to the State Supreme Court. He won Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the election the next year to a full 14-yea.r term. ments are an effort by the bi-partisan On both the County and Supreme Court American Enterprise Institute for Public sponsors and other ~embers to meet benches, he was known a.s "a worker." He Policy Research's legislative analysis of the legitimate concerns expressed and to handled many difficult cases, including a the Federal Oil and Gas Corporation is clarify the intent of this legislation. drawn-out litigation over reapportionment an excellent contribution to the growing The amendments deal with the issues of Chautauqua. County. It ended last March amount of literature on the subject. of first, Federal control, second, State when Justice Gaughan accepted a final ap­ The analysis includes some instructive and local government involvement, and portionment plan for the county. comments about the role the Federal Oil third, private property rights. Last January, Justice Gaughan was named and Gas Corporation would play in de­ administrative judge of the 8-county Eighth FEDERAL CONTROL Judicial District. The job entailed assign­ termining actual energy production costs A number of amendments clarify the ment of judges, even though he continued and in making information about the intent of the sponsors that the Federal his duties as a trial judge. energy industries available to the con­ Government will not exercise any au­ Justice Gaughan was affiliated with a long sumer. thority over State and local land use de­ line of fraternal, civic and professional or­ I would like to bring to the attention cisions. An amendment to section 106(d) ganizations, many of them related to the of the Congress an excerpt from the in­ legal profession and judiciary. (2) makes this crystal c1:iar. Also, any stitute's analysis, the text of which fol­ possibility of such Federal control will Among his favorite outside activities were lows: as a trustee of Kencore Mercy Hospital and be removed by deleting the provisions a member of the Men's Club of Emergency ISSUE OF THE COSTS OF EXPLORATION which would allow the Secretary to deny Hospital. He was on the Advisory Board of Industry economists, government sources, grants if a State failed to designate areas the Columbian Sisters. and academicians do not always agree on the of critical environmental concern of Justice Gaughan described himself as "a cost of natural gas and oil exploration, deve­ more than statewide significance. very sentimental man" and on special occa­ lopment, and production. Proponents of the sions he often showed his emotions. FOGCO argue that this situation is the re­ LOCAL GOVERNMENT He said his hardest judicial role was pass­ sult of unwillingness-for business reasons-­ A number of amendments will clarify ing sentence. He made this comment on that on the part of the petroleum companies to the relationship between State and local duty: share information with their competitors and government in the land use planning "No more awesome responsibility can fall with agencies of the government. Lee White process. It is not the intent of this bill to any human being than to sit in judgment of the Energy Policy Task Force stated, how­ to change in any way existing State law of his fellow man. Scriptures admonish us: ever, that the "public's need to know what is 'Judge not, lest you be judged.' going on ... is paramount to private busi­ and to mandate any particular allocation "To the members of the judiciary, it might ness requirements." Critics of the petroleum of authority in this area; any changes the be better said: 'Judge well, lest you be industry argue that the cloud of secrecy un­ people of a State desire will be a matter judged harshly.'" der which the industry operates limits com­ for State, and not Federal, legislation. petition. However, according to Senator Another amendment to be offered will Abourezk, the FOGCO would provide a much­ clarify the intent of the legislation that FIGHTING FOREST FIRES needed independent yardstick by which to measure profits, costs, and production tech­ matters of merely local concern will con­ niques. Instead of relying upon the arti­ tinue to be dealt with by local govern­ HON. JOHN MELCHER :fically-based posted price, the consumers of ment. this nation would be able to look at true PROPERTY RIGHTS OF MONTANA cost figures. The provisions of this bill make While the bill's sponsors are perplexed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such disclosure mandatory. No longer will the that this continues to be controversial, an Thursday, June 6, 1974 oil companies be able to hide behind their secret cost :figures. No longer wlll the Ad­ amendment will further clarify the fact Mr. MELCHER. Mr. Speaker, I would ministration reproduce company data. An that nothing in this legislation can in like to remind my colleagues that while opportunity for exact measurement of the any way affect property rights as defined June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18369 ning process and is implementing it under by the United States and State constitu- in areas which are or may be impacted by key facilities; the provisions of this Act. tions and laws. · Page 35, line 12, strike out "control" and Page 87, line 18, strike out "title I" and OTHERS insert in lieu thereof "consider the impact insert in lieu thereof "section 103 (a) ". Several amendments will Qe offered of". Page 87, immediately after line 21 insert which: clarify the extent of regulation Page 37, strike out line 16 and insert in the following and renumber the succeeding required in areas impacted by key fa­ lieu thereof the following: paragraphs accordingly: cilities, affecting large scale developments portunities within the State; and (2) for grants to the States under section 103(d) not more than $5,000,000 for each of and which encourage States· to stream­ (1) assure that all administrative proc­ the three complete fiscal years occurring im­ line their permit procedures affecting esses, by the State and by local governments, mediately after the date of enactment of this such developments. These amendments for the consideration of proposals for de­ Act; are constructive efforts to deal with velopment, shall be conducted and decisions Page 92, strike out line 17 and insert in problems raised by various business and shall be arrived at in a fair and reasonably lieu thereof the following: uniform and expeditious manner, and shall real estate interests. include requirements to assu;r!il- and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wet lands, The amendment follows: ( 1) the establishment of rules of proce­ or beaches; or AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 10294, AS REPORTED dure and practice to promote fair hearings (g) -as preventing or delaying any State or and the disclosure of the precise reasons for local government from receiving any Federal Page 27, strike out line 2 and insert in lieu financial assistance to which it otherwise thereof the following: decisions based on the record made only at such hearings or upon other public records, would be entitled prior to a finding, pursu­ cost of shelter for people of all income levels; (2) the maintenance of records sufficient ant to section 108 of this Act, that the State and to provide complete public information on has established and is implementing a com­ (c) the authority to manage or regulate the policies and procedures governing land prehensive land use planning process. non-Federal lands rests with the several use development, and TECHNICAL AMENDMENT States and their political subdivisions, and (3) the establishment of a system designed that general purpose local governments Page 91, line 15, strike out "or". should continue to have the responsibility to- Page 93, line 2, strike out "shall" and insert (A) avoid, to the maximum extent feasible, "may". for making land use decisions which have multiple or duplicative hearings by, and no significant effect outside their . jurisdic­ Page 94, strike out lines 14 through 19 and multiple or duplicative permits from, State insert in lieu thereof the following: tions. and local agencies on a single proposal for (d) The term "general purpose local gov­ TECHNICAL AMENDMENT developments; Page 24, line 20, immediately after "en­ ernment" means any general unit of local (B) assure that deadlines imposed by such government as defined by the Bureau of the vironment;" strike out "and". agencies for the preparation and submis­ Census. Page 27, strike out lines 12 through 19 and sion of permit applications and related ma­ insert in lieu thereof the following: terials are reasonable; and and future generations of Americans can (C) assure that decisions are rendered by be met, to use all practical means to encour­ such agencies as promptly as possible con­ SOUTH AFRICA'S SUGAR QUOTA age and support the establishment by the sistent with an adequate review of the rec­ States- ord. (a) effective land use planning and deci­ TECHNICAL AMENDMENT sionmaking processes that assure informed HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Page 37, line 13, strike out "and". OF MASSACHUSETTS consideration, in advance, of the environ­ Page 37, line 25, immediately after "(b)" mental, social, and economic implications of insert "The allocation of responsibility be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major .decisions as to the use of the Nation's tween the State government and its political Thursday, June 6, 1974 land and that provide for public education subdivisions for the development and imple­ and involvement in such processes; and mentation of the State land use planning Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, in 1911 the (b) simplified and expedient decision­ process shall be determined by State law." Congress abrogated a commercial treaty making with respect to review and approval Page 39, strike out line 11 and all that with Russia because of its oppressive of proposed development of land subject to follows down through and including line 2 a State's comprehensive land use planning treatment of its Jewish minority. Last on page 40 and insert in lieu thereof the December this body voted overwhelm­ process. following: Page 28, after line 25, insert the following: (b) Nothing in this Act shall be con­ ingly, 319 to 80, to deny favorable trade (d) The Secretary also is authorized to strued to- conditions to the Soviet Union unless it make additional annual grants to any State (1) permit a Federal agency to intercede in allows free and uninhibited emigration for the purpose of developing under its com­ management or regulatory decisions within for Soviet Jews. prehensive land use planning process a pro­ the framework of a comprehensive land use The animus underlying those two ac­ cedure to simplify and expedite the process­ planning process; tions is rooted in a common concern: ing of permits, licenses, and other govern­ (2) authorize or permit the Secretary to mental decisions that serve as prerequisites that the United States must not place manage or regulate non-Federal lands, its power and prestige behind those to proposed development activities. through the issuance, approval, or disap­ Page 30, strike out line 19 and insert in proval of substantive State land use policies, regimes which maintain discriminatory lieu thereof the following: standards, or criteria, or as a condition of policies toward their ethnic minorities. relevant factors, each given such weight as eligibility for grants under this Act; The amendment to the extension of the the State may determine: (3) enlarge or decrease the authority of a Sugar Act, presented by the gentleman Page 32, strike out lines 20 and 21 and in­ State to control the use of any land from Maryland, raised those same con­ sert in lieu thereof the following: owned by the Federal Government within siderations. I ardently supported it. land use decisions in such areas, which poli­ the State, or of any land located outside the It was proposed that the sugar quota cies and criteria shall take into consideration State; ( 4) enhance or diminish the rights of assigned to South Africa under H.R. (and be given such weight as the State deems 14747 be eliminated. The thrust of the appropriate) at least- owners of property as provided by the Con-· Page 34, strike out line 7 and insert in lieu stitution of the United States and the con­ amendment was to deny economic bene­ thereof the following: stitution and laws of the State in which fits to a country which practices the most use, and storage of energy and energy re­ the property ls located; malignant form of racial discrimination sources; and (5) require or encourage States to inter­ in the world, and unspeakably enforces (j) development (to the extent States elect cede in land use decisions of purely local minority rule against that black major­ to regulate), of explicit substantive State concern; or ity. Support for this amendment would policies to guide the use of land in areas (6) Present a State land use planning agency from adopting a land use control have prevented the imprimatur of the which are or may be impacted by key facili­ United States from being placed upon ties and for large-scale development, and plan that uses methods other than zoning explicit standards for applying the States' for any area under its jurisdiction, and the those policies, which are well known to policies to land use decisions with respect to use of such methods shall not in them­ each of us and need not be recited. I such key facilities and large-scale develop­ selves prevent approval for purposes of doubt if there is anyone in this Chamber ment. eligibility for a grant by the Secretary. who would defend them. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT Page 41, strike out lines 12 through 21 and What then was the nature of the op­ Page 32, line 16, strike out "and". insert in lieu thereof the following: (d) Prior to making any further grants position to the Mitchell amendment? It . Page 35, strike out lines 8 through 11 and was said that its adoption would harm insert in lieu thereof: after the five complete fiscal year period fol­ · (d) control the location of key facilities lowing the enactment of this Act, the Sec­ the black· sugar owners and workers of and major improvements. and access factors retary shall be satisfied that the State has South Africa. After all, the argument of key facilities, and consider t}:le use of land established a comprehensive land use plan- ran, the profits from sugar sales of the 18370 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 7, 1974 United States would be distributed be used in determining his guilt or innocence for rights; they want action and they will among blacks as well as whites. of the potential charges against him. Wa.ter­ settle for the appearance of action in the If the facts showed that blacks would ga.te must be resolved. in the American way absence of arrest. receive substantial benefits from con­ a.nd American law calls for the best evidence They do not prescribe the specific means of available. If justice is to continue to de­ law enforcement in special cases such as the tinuing South Africa's sugar quota, I mand respect in our society, we cannot have Zebra slayings. They leave the prescriptions might have been persuaded to vote for it. the example of the chief executive inventing to their elected and appointed officials and Or if I thought that a more limited re­ a legal system to clear himself. they Will tolerate many unwise practices as striction, such as allowing sugar imports KSL believes the American public will, and long as the majority is not affected by them. only from South African companies perhaps should, forgive this or any other It is usually, but not always, the liberties of which treat their employees fairly and President for indiscretions or even minor ex­ minority groups that suffer under this ar­ without discrimination, would hasten the cesses of office. What is alleged in Water­ rangement but everyone's rights are jeopard­ end of apartheid, I might have con­ gate is far larger than that. ized when governments begin to respond to troublesome matters in the way San Fran­ sidered supporting that proposal. cisco is doing. But the facts are otherwise. Black CIVIL LIBERTIES The Zebra. crime stopper technique may ownership of sugar plantations in South seem remote to us in New England and per­ Africa represents a fraction of the in­ haps none of our business. But Boston and dustry. Black workers of white owned HON. LOUIS STOKES San Francisco a.re thought to be close in civility, respect for one another's rights and plantations are paid outrageously low OF omo thoughtful public policy (let's leave the wages, and labor under deplorable con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ditions. Additionally, South African nasty little busing squabble aside for the Thursday, June 6, 1974 time being} and California is often the cru­ sugar exports to the United States are cible from which mores, styles and methods a small part of their total sugar exports. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to emerge to serve the nation. Nor would our domestic sugar market be take this opportunity to bring to the at­ America is becoming a. Pacific culture. adversely affected because many other tention of my colleagues an event that The winds a.re from Sausalito, Nobody, ex­ sources are available to us. In short, there reflects a growing attempt by some to cept maybe Bostonians, care how society were no significant economic interests at suspend the rights guaranteed all Ameri­ moves in Boston, or what directions society to here takes because Boston represents the stake, either the American consumer cans by the fourth amendment. past. The West, however, is the future. Cali­ or to South Africa. The dangerous "stop-and-frisk" tactic fornia has pointed the way toward the drug Consequently the issue came down sim­ used against black citizens by the San revolution (Haight-Ashbury}, black rebel­ ply to whether this House, by approving Francisco Police Department in its effort lion (Watts, Black Panthers), student pro­ a sugar quota for South Africa, would to apprehend the so-called Zebra kill­ test (Berkeley) and sexual freedom (topless, lend its weight to the egregious policy of er (s) was illegal and has been deplored bottomless lads and lassies serving tequila. apartheid. Rarely is the moral ques­ by civil libertarians throughout the sunrise cocktails and abalone). We a.re al­ tion so sharply drawn. I was greatly dis­ ways in danger of being seduced by what has country. been tried in the Golden state and the sus­ appointed that before the House voted The recent scandals within the execu­ pension of liberties to fight crime is no down final passage of the Sugar Act tive branch of Government have shown different. amendments, it refused to take this posi­ that corruption within a society eventu­ The Zebra-inspired stop and frisk policy tive stand against South African racism. ally emerges at its highest levels. Theim­ is not unfamiliar to black people whose morality of a political system has brought rights, after all, have often been considered the Nation to the brink of dictatorship. expendable. Nor is the San Francisco dragnet WATERGATE TAPES Fortunately, the conscience of many new. It does, however, introduce a. new ele­ ment which makes it particularly danger­ Americans was awakened before it be­ ous: official sanction in the name of law and HON. WAYNE OWENS came to late. If we are blind to these order. new threats and ignore this further at­ That the victims of the current suspension OF UTAH tempt to bend the rules of justice because of liberties are black makes the San Fran­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans are apathetic toward the cisco affair a sorry exercise in racist dictator­ Thursday, June 6, 1974 rights of minorities, we will one day ship. If men are willing to die for their rights, awaken to a police state, and, certainly, and many are, then it seems an irony that Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, editorial then it will be too late. guaranteed rights are being set a.side because comments on the President's refusal to Mr. John Robinson, a Boston Globe men are being killed. The Zebra. killings are turn over any more Watergate tapes or damnable but so too is the flogging of black staff writer, has written a most percep­ men's rights. transcripts have appeared throughout tive article addressing the frightening the country. KSL, a television and radio meaning of this law enforcement policy. station in Salt Lake City, recently car­ Accordingly, I submit it to the RECORD THE LATE HONORABLE CHESTER A. ried a comment on this topic. It expresses and urge its closest consideration by all MERROW so well the feelings of so many, that I concerned Members of Congress: would like to share it with the other SAN FRANCISCO SETS DANGEROUS PRECEDENT HON. 0. C. FISHER Members. IN STOP-FRISK POLICY The editorial follows: OF TEXAS (By John Robinson} IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [KSL AM-FM-TV EDITORIAL] Twelve white persons have been killed and PRESIDENT NIXON, THE TRANSCRIPTS AND 'l'HE six others wounded in the last five months in Thursday, June 6, 1974 FUTURE San Francisco. The crimes appear to be ran­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I join with The White House has indicated that no dom attacks. There is evidence that the as­ my colleagues in paying deserved trib­ more Watergate tapes or transcripts will be saults are connected and that they are the ute to the memory of the late Chester released. The President says the House Judi­ work of one man, possibly more. Survivors ciary Committee has all the material it needs have described a black man in the 20-30 age Merrow of the State of New Hampshire. to conclude its inquiry and that it is time to range as the assailant. City officials have Chester came to Congress when I did, put Watergate behind us. ordered police to stop and search black male in the 78th. He served with much dis­ KSL is among those who wish Watergate citizens on the streets and have asked for tinction until he voluntarily retired in were behind us now-today. But it will be cooperation and understanding. The city has 1962. with us until the reasonable doubts about a problem and is attempting to solve it at Always affable, friendly, and a per­ gross misconduct in high places have been the expense of men's civil liberties, as if these fect gentleman, Chester Merrow gained :esolved. Such doubts are now expressed in rights were things to suspend and reinstate a host of friends and admirers while per,sons or institutions traditionally close to according to whim and circumstance. t•,e President. San Francisco has established in this policy serving here. I entertained the highest The best and quickest way to put Water­ a. very dangerous precedent, one that other respect for him, his vast storehouse of gate behind us is for the President to do what police departments a.cross the country may knowledge, his patriotism, and his lead­ he has promised to do but not yet done­ find irresistible-and much easier to get away ership. Behind him he left a record of cooperate fully with the House Judiciary with because the ice has been broken in the outstanding achievements. It is too bad Committee. Until he does so there will be a. Golden Ga.ti! City. there are not more men of his capacity reasonable doubt that he has something to San Francisco's stop and. search policy is elected to the Congress. hide. the result of political pressure to do some­ It is not fitting that the President should thing about the so-called "Zebra" murders. To surviving members of Chester's dictate which of the documents in his pos­ When faced with wanton and brutalizing family I extend my profound sympathy session dealing with the public's business may crime, citizens don't want reason or respect in their bereavement.