Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency by David Greenberg © 2016

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography lists all the works cited and significant works consulted for Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency (New York: W.W. Norton, 2016). Its sections are (I) Archives; (II) Books and Articles; and (III) Periodicals. Routine newspaper and magazine articles are not individually cited but included in the Periodicals section. Websites used can be found in the book’s endnotes.

I. ARCHIVES

Oral History Project, Columbia University, New York, NY Arthur W. Page Oral History Eric Sevareid Oral History George W. Ball Oral History James C. Hagerty Oral History James Wechsler Oral History L. Richard Guylay Oral History Milton Eisenhower Oral History Sigurd Larmon Oral History

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, KS President’s Personal Files White House Central Files William E. Robinson Papers

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, TX National Security Files Office Files of Fred Panzer Office Files of George Christian Vietnam Reference File White House Central Files William C. Westmoreland Papers

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, Boston, MA

1

Frank Stanton Oral History John F. Kennedy, Pre-Presidential Papers Pierre E. G. Salinger Oral History Pierre E. G. Salinger Papers, White House Staff Files Robert F. Kennedy Papers, Political Files

Library of Congress, Washington, DC Archibald MacLeish Papers Calvin Coolidge Papers Daniel J. Boorstin Papers Edward L. Bernays Papers Edward T. Clark Papers George B. Cortelyou Papers George Creel Papers George H. Gallup Papers Hannah Arendt Papers James A. Farley Papers Joseph Alsop and Stewart Alsop Papers Motion Picture, Broadcasting, And Recorded Sound Division Raymond Clapper Papers Robert Woolley Papers Theodore Roosevelt Papers

New York Public Library, New York, NY Institute for Propaganda Analysis Papers

Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library, Yorba Linda, CA Richard Nixon Pre-Presidential Series

Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Adlai E. Stevenson Papers Arthur Krock Papers Ivy Ledbetter Lee Papers Ray Stannard Baker Papers

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, NY Archibald MacLeish Papers Emil Hurja Papers FDR-Official Files FDR-President’s Personal Files

2

Harry Hopkins Papers Samuel I. Rosenman Papers

Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, MO J. Leonard Reinsch Oral History

State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Bruce Barton Papers Rosser Reeves Papers

Sterling Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT Harold Lasswell Papers Walter Lippmann Papers

II. BOOKS AND ARTICLES (INCLUDING DISSERTATIONS AND OTHER UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS)

Abbot, Willis John. Watching the World Go By. Boston: Little, Brown, 1934.

Adatto, Kiku. Picture Perfect: Life in the Age of the Photo Op. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008 [1993].

Alexander, Jeffrey. The Performance of Politics: Obama’s Victory and the Democratic Struggle for Power. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Alger, George. “The Literature of Exposure.” Atlantic Monthly, August 1905, 210-13.

Allen, Craig. Eisenhower and the Mass Media: Peace, Prosperity, & Prime-Time TV. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

______. “News Conferences on TV: Ike-Age Politics Revisited.” Journalism Quarterly 70:1 (March 1993), 13-25.

______. “Robert Montgomery Presents: Hollywood Debut in the Eisenhower White House.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 35:4 (Fall 1991), 431-48.

Allen, Danielle. Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties. New York: Perennial Classics, 2000 [1931].

3

Alsop, Stewart. “The Mystery of Richard Nixon.” Saturday Evening Post, July 12, 1958, 28-72.

______. “Uncle Lyndon.” Saturday Evening Post, October 24, 1964, 16.

______and Charles Bartlett. “In Time of Crisis.” Saturday Evening Post, December 18, 1962, 15-21.

Alter, Jonathan. The Defining Moment: FDR’s Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

Alterman, Eric. Sound and Fury: The Making of the Punditocracy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999 [1992].

______. What Liberal Media?: The Truth About Bias and the News. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

______. When Presidents Lie: A History of Official Deception and Its Consequences. New York: Viking, 2004.

Altschuler, Bruce. LBJ and the Polls. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1990.

Ambrose, Stephen. Nixon. 3 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987-91.

Anderson, Paul Y. “Hoover and the Press.” The Nation, October 14, 1931, 383-84.

Arendt, Hannah. “Lying in Politics: Reflections on the Pentagon Papers.” New York Review of Books, November 18, 1971, 30-39.

______. The Portable Hannah Arendt, ed. Peter Baehr. New York: Penguin Books, 2000.

Aristotle. Rhetoric, trans. W. Rhys Roberts. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004.

Arthur, Anthony. Radical Innocent: Upton Sinclair. New York: Random House, 2006.

Ascoli, Max. “Intermezzo.” The Reporter, November 10, 1960, 18.

Auden, W.H. The English Auden: Poems, Essays and Dramatic Writings, 1927-1939, ed. Edward Mendelson. London: Faber & Faber, 1977.

Auerbach, Jonathan. “McKinley at Home.” American Quarterly 51:4 (December 1999), 797- 832.

4

Auletta, Ken. “Fortress Bush: How the White House Keeps the Press Under Control.” New Yorker, January 19, 2004, 53-65.

______. “Non-Stop News.” New Yorker, January 25, 2010, 38-47.

“Authentic Voice.” Time, January 27, 1958, 18-25.

Bai, Matt. The Argument: Billionaires, Bloggers, and the Battle to Remake Democratic Politics. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.

______. “The Framing Wars,” New York Times Magazine, July 17, 2005.

Baillie, Hugh. High Tension: The Recollections of Hugh Baillie. New York: Harper & Bros., 1959.

Baker, Newton. “Why We Went to War.” Foreign Affairs, October 1936, 61-69.

Baker, Peter. “The Education of a President.” New York Times Magazine, Oct. 12, 2010, 40-49.

Baker, Ray Stannard. American Chronicle: The Autobiography of Ray Stannard Baker. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1945.

______. “Railroads on Trial III: The Private Car and the Beef Trust.” McClure’s, January 1906, 318-31.

______. “Railroads on Trial V: How Railroads Make Public Opinion.” McClure’s, March 1906, 535-49.

______. “Theodore Roosevelt: A Character Sketch.” McClure’s, November 1898, 23-32.

______. Woodrow Wilson: His Life and Letters. 8 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1927-39.

Baker, Russell. The Good Times. New York: William Morrow, 1989.

Baldwin, Hanson. “Managed News: Our Peacetime Censorship.” Atlantic Monthly, April 1963, 53-59.

Ball, George W. The Past Has Another Pattern: Memoirs. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982.

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Balogh, Brian. “Mirrors of Desires: Interest Groups, Elections, and the Targeted Style in Twentieth-Century America.” In Meg Jacobs, William Novak, and Julian Zelizer, eds., The Democratic Experiment: New Directions in American Political History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Bannister, Robert C. Ray Stannard Baker: The Mind and Thought of a Progressive. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1966.

Barclay, Thomas. “The Bureau of Publicity of the Democratic National Committee, 1930-1932,” American Political Science Review, 27:1 (February 1933), 63-65.

Barenblatt, Lloyd. Review of The Hidden Persuaders, by Vance Packard. Public Opinion Quarterly 22:4 (Winter 1958-59), 579-580.

Baritz, Loren. “Of Time and the Ostrich.” The Nation, January 28, 1961, 82-83.

Barkan, Ilyse. “Industry Invites Regulation: The Passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.” American Journal of Public Health 75:1 (January 1985), 18–26.

Barkin, Steve. “Eisenhower’s Secret Strategy: Television Planning in the 1952 Campaign.” Journal of Advertising History, 9:1 (December 1986).

Barnouw, Erik. Documentary: A History of the Non-Fiction Film. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

______. A History of Broadcasting in the United States. 3 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966-70.

Barry, David. Forty Years in Washington. Boston: Little, Brown, 1924.

______. “The Loyalty of the Senate.” New England Magazine, October 1906, 137-48.

______. “News-Getting at the Capital.” The Chautauquan, December 1897, 282-86.

Barry, John. Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

Barth, Alan. “The Bureau of Intelligence.” Public Opinion Quarterly 7:1 (Spring 1943), 66-76.

Barton, Bruce. The Man Nobody Knows: A Discovery of the Real Jesus. Indianapolis: Bobbs- Merrill, 1925.

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______. “This Magic Called Radio; What Will It Mean in Your Home in the Next Ten Years?” American Magazine, June 1922, 11-13.

Bates, Stephen, and Edwin Diamond. The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television. Rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988 [1984].

Bauer, Raymond A. “Brainwashing: Psychology or Demonology?” Journal of Social Issues 13:3 (Summer 1957), 41-47.

______. “Limits of Persuasion: The Hidden Persuaders Are Made of Straw.” Harvard Business Review 36:5 (September-October 1958), 105-10.

______. “N + 1 Ways Not to Run a Railroad.” American Psychologist 15:10 (October 1960), 650-655.

Baus, Herbert M. Public Relations at Work. New York: Harper & Bros, 1948.

Baylen, Joseph, and Jane Weyant. “Vasili Vereshchagin in the United States.” Russian Review 30:1 (July 1971), 250-59.

Bean, Walton. “George Creel and His Critics: A Study of the Attacks on the Committee on Public Information.” PhD diss., University of California at Berkeley, 1941.

Becker, Samuel. “Presidential Power: The Influence of Broadcasting.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 47:1 (February 1961), 10-18.

Beer, Thomas. Hanna. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1929.

Bellow, Saul. It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future. New York: Viking, 1994.

Belmonte, Laura A. Selling the American Way: U.S. Propaganda and the Cold War. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.

Benco, Nancy L. “Archibald MacLeish: The Poet Librarian.” Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress 33:3 (July 1976), 233-49.

Bendiner, Robert. “How Much Has TV Changed Campaigning?” New York Times Magazine, November 2, 1952, 13.

Benedict, Roswell Alphonso. Malefactors of Great Wealth. New York: American Business Bureau, 1907.

7

Bennett, William. The Death of Outrage: Bill Clinton and the Assault on American Ideals. New York: Free Press, 1998.

Benson, Lee, Kevin Clancy, and John Kushma. “The Tricks of the Trade.” The Nation, November 30, 1974, 553-58.

Benson, Thomas. Writing JFK: Presidential Rhetoric and the Press in the Bay of Pigs Crisis. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2004.

Bent, Silas. “The Art of Ballyhoo.” Harper’s Monthly, September 1927, 485-94.

______. Ballyhoo: The Voice of the Press. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927.

______. “Ivy Lee: Minnesinger to Millionaires.” New Republic, November 20, 1929, 369-72.

Berger, Maurice. For All the World to See: Visual Culture and the Struggle for Civil Rights. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.

Berkman, Dave. “Politics and Radio in the 1924 Campaign.” Journalism Quarterly 64:2-3 (Summer-Fall 1987), 422-28.

Berlin, Isaiah. “Two Concepts of Liberty,” Michael J. Sandel, ed. In Liberalism and Its Critics, New York: New York University Press, 1984.

Bernays, Edward L. “Attitude Polls—Servants or Masters?” Public Opinion Quarterly 9:3 (Autumn 1945), 264-68.

______. Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of a Public Relations Counsel. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965.

______. Crystallizing Public Opinion. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1923.

______. Propaganda, intro. by Mark Crispin Miller. Brooklyn, NY: Ig Publishing, 2005 [1928].

______. “Public Opinion and Public Relations.” Market Research 8:2 (February 1938), 11-14.

______. Speak Up for Democracy. New York: Viking Press, 1940.

Bernhard, Nancy E. U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947-1960. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

8

Biderman, Albert D. “The Image of ‘Brainwashing.’” Public Opinion Quarterly 26:4 (Winter 1962), 547-563.

Bingham, Worth, and Ward S. Just. “The President and the Press.” The Reporter, April 12, 1962, 18-23.

Bishop, Robert L. “Bruce Barton—Presidential Stage Manager.” Journalism Quarterly 43:1 (March 1966), 85-89.

Bitzer, G. W. Billy Bitzer: His Story. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1973.

Black, Henry Campbell. The Relation of the Executive Power to Legislation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1919.

Blair, John L. “Coolidge the Image-Maker: The President and the Press, 1923-1929.” New England Quarterly 46:4 (December 1973), 499-522.

Blankenhorn, Heber. “The War of Morale: How America ‘Shelled’ the German Lines with Paper.” Harper’s Monthly, September 1919, 510-24.

Blankenship, Albert B. “Public Opinion Polls: A Symposium.” Journal of Marketing 5:2 (October 1940), 110-113.

Bliven, Bruce. “The Great Coolidge Mystery.” Harper’s Monthly, December 1925, 45-53.

______. “Politics and TV.” Harper’s Monthly, November 1952, 27-33.

Bloom, Melvyn. Public Relations and Presidential Campaigns: A Crisis in Democracy. New York: Thomas Crowell, 1973.

Bloomfield, Douglas. “Joe Tumulty and the Press.” Journalism Quarterly 42:3 (Summer 1965), 413-21.

Blum, John Morton. Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951.

______. Liberty, Justice, Order: Essays on Past Politics. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.

______. The Republican Roosevelt. New York: Atheneum, 1962.

______. V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture During World War II. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.

9

______. Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality. Boston: Little, Brown, 1956.

Blumenthal, Sidney. The Permanent Campaign. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.

______. Pledging Allegiance: The Last Campaign of the Cold War. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.

______. The Rise of the Counter-Establishment: From Conservative Ideology to Political Power. New York: Harper & Row, 1986

______. “The Syndicated Presidency.” New Yorker, April 5, 1993, 42-47.

Boal, Sam. “Robert Montgomery Presents.” Coronet, September 1954, 83-90.

Boorstin, Daniel. The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. New York: Vintage Books, 1992 [1961].

______. “Selling the President to the Public.” Commentary, November 1955, 421-27.

Bormann, Ernest. “Huey Long: Analysis of a Demagogue.” Today’s Speech, 2:3 (September 1954), 16-20.

Bourne, Randolph. The Radical Will: Selected Writings, 1911-1918, ed. Olaf Hansen. New York: Urizen Books, 1977.

Boutin, Paul. “President Obama’s New Twitter Feed.” NYTimes.com, May 1, 2009.

Bowen, Walter, and Henry E. Neal. The United States Secret Service. Philadelphia: Chilton Company, 1960.

Boyer, Paul. By the Bomb’s Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994 [1985].

______. “From Activism to Apathy: The American People and Nuclear Weapons, 1963- 1980.” Journal of American History 70:4 (March 1984), 821-844.

Brady, Henry E., and Richard Johnston, eds. Capturing Campaign Effects. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006.

Bradlee, Benjamin. Conversations with Kennedy. New York: Pocket Books, 1976 [1975].

10

______. A Good Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

Braeman, John, Robert Hamlett Bremner, and Everett Walters, eds. Change and Continuity in Twentieth-Century America. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1964.

Brailsford, Ian. “‘Madison Avenue Puts on Its Best Hair Shirt’: U.S. Advertising and Its Social Critics.” International Journal of Advertising 17:3 (August 1998), 365-380.

Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

Brandeis, Louis Dembitz. Other People’s Money: And How the Bankers Use It. New York: F.A. Stokes, 1914.

______, and Samuel Warren. “The Right to Privacy.” Harvard Law Review 4:5 (December 15, 1890), 193–220.

Brands, H. W. “C. D. Jackson: Psychological Warriors Never Die,” in Cold Warriors: Eisenhower’s Generation and American Foreign Policy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Braudy, Leo. The Frenzy of Renown: Fame & Its History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Brigance, William Norwood, ed. History and Criticism of American Public Address. Vol. 2. New York: Russell & Russell, 1960.

Brill, Steven. “Jimmy Carter’s Pathetic Lies.” Harper’s Monthly, March 1976, 77-88.

______. “Pressgate.” Brill’s Content, August 1998, 122-51.

Brinkley, Alan. Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982.

Brinkley, Douglas. The Boys of Pointe du Hoc: Ronald Reagan, D-Day and the U.S. Army 2nd Ranger Battalion. New York: William Morrow, 2005.

Brodie, Fawn. Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.

Brown, Ames. “President Wilson and Publicity.” Harper’s Weekly, November 1, 1913, 19-21.

11

Brown, Charles H. The Correspondents’ War. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967.

Brown, Robert E. “The Myth of Symmetry: Public Relations as Cultural Styles.” Public Relations Review 32:3 (September 2006), 206–12.

______. “St. Paul as a Public Relations Practitioner: A Meta-Theoretical Speculation on Messianic Communication and Symmetry.” Public Relations Review 29:1 (March 2003), 1–12.

Brown, Robert J. Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in Thirties America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1998.

Brownell, Kathryn Cramer. “Showbiz Politics: Hollywood in American Politics.” PhD diss., Boston University, 2013.

Kevin Brownlow. The War, the West and the Wilderness. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.

Brownlow, Louis. The Autobiography of Louis Brownlow: A Passion for Politics. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955.

Bryce, James. The American Commonwealth. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1891.

______. Modern Democracies. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan, 1921.

Bryson, Maurice C. “The Literary Digest Poll: Making of a Statistical Myth.” American Statistician 30:4 (November 1976), 184-85.

Buckley, Kerry W. “The Man Nobody Knew: Bruce Barton and the Construction of Calvin Coolidge.” A Place Called Paradise: Culture and Community in Northampton, Massachusetts, 1654-2004. In Kerry W. Buckley, ed. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2004. ______. “A President for the ‘Great Silent Majority’: Bruce Barton’s Construction of Calvin Coolidge.” New England Quarterly 76:4 (December 2003), 593-626.

Buhite, Russell D., and David W. Levy. FDR’s Fireside Chats. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

Bullard, Arthur. Mobilising America. New York: Macmillan, 1917.

Burdick, Eugene. The Ninth Wave. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956.

Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970.

12

Califano, Joseph, Jr. The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Campbell, Joseph W. Getting It Wrong: Ten of the Greatest Misreported Stories in American Journalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

Cannon, James M. Politics U.S.A.: A Practical Guide to the Winning of Public Office. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.

Cannon, Lou. President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

Cantril, Albert H. “Hadley Cantril: Perception, Polling, and Policy Research.” Society 44:3 (March-April 2007), 65-72.

Cantril, Hadley. “America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion.” Public Opinion Quarterly 4:3 (September 1940), 387-407.

______. The Human Dimension: Experiences in Policy Research. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967.

______. The Invasion from Mars: A Study in the Psychology of Panic. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940.

______, and Gordon Allport. The Psychology of Radio. New York: Harper & Bros, 1935.

Capozzola, Christopher. Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Carnes, Mark, ed. The Columbia History of Post-World War II America. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

Caro, Robert. The Years of Lyndon Johnson. 4 vols. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982-2012.

Carroll, Gordon. “Dr. Roosevelt’s Propaganda Trust.” American Mercury, September 1937, 1- 31.

Carroll, Raymond L. “Harry S. Truman’s 1948 Election: The Inadvertent Broadcast Campaign.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 31:2 (Spring 1987), 119-132.

______. “The 1948 Truman Campaign: The Threshold of the Modern Era.” Journal of Broadcasting 24:2 (Spring 1980), 173-88.

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Carter, Dan. “Good Copy: George Wallace Understood that the Media Thrived on Confrontation.” Media Studies Journal 12:3 (Fall 1998), 40-47.

______. The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, The Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

Carwardine, Richard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Fourth Estate: The White House and the Press During the American Civil War.” American Nineteenth-Century History 7:1 (March 2006), 1-27.

Casey, Steven. Cautious Crusade: Franklin D. Roosevelt, American Public Opinion, and the War Against Nazi Germany. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Cater, Douglass. The Fourth Branch of Government. New York: Vintage Books, 1965 [1959].

______. “How a President Helps Form Public Opinion.” New York Times Magazine, February 26, 1961, 38.

______. “Who Is Nixon, What Is He?” The Reporter, November 27, 1958, 10.

Catledge, Turner. My Life and the Times. New York: Harper & Row. 1971.

Ceaser, James, et al. “The Rise of the Rhetorical Presidency.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 11:2 (Spring 1981), 158–71.

Chafe, William. The Unfinished Journey: America Since World War II, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Chaudhary, Arun. First Cameraman: Documenting the Obama Presidency in Real Time. New York: Times Books, 2012.

Chernow, Ron. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. New York: Random House, 1998.

Chernus, Ira. Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2002.

Chester, Edward W. Radio, Television, and American Politics. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1969.

Clinton, Bill. My Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.

Cmiel, Kenneth. Democratic Eloquence: The Fight for Popular Speech in Nineteenth-Century America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

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______. “On Cynicism, Evil, and the Discovery of Communication in the 1940s.” Journal of Communication 46:3 (Summer 1996), 87-88.

Cobb, Frank. “The Press and Public Opinion.” New Republic, December 31, 1919, 144-47.

Cogley, John. “The Presidential Image.” New Republic, April 10, 1961, 29-31.

Coleman, David. The Fourteenth Day: JFK and the Aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012.

Colford, Paul D. The Rush Limbaugh Story: Talent on Loan from God. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.

Collins, Gail. Scorpion Tongues: Gossip, Celebrity, and American Politics. New York: William Morrow, 1998.

Commager, Henry S. “Washington Would Have Lost a TV Debate.” New York Times Magazine, October 30, 1960, 13.

Condon, Richard. The Manchurian Candidate. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.

Cone, Stacey. “Presuming a Right to Deceive: Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, the CIA and the News Media.” Journalism History 24:4 (Winter 1998-99), 148-55.

Converse, Jean M. Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence, 1890-1960. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

Conway, Mike. “Before the Bloggers: The Upstart News Technology of Television at the 1948 Political Conventions.” American Journalism 24:1 (Winter 2007), 33-58.

Cook, Blanche Wiesen. “First Comes the Lie: C. D. Jackson and Political Warfare.” Radical History Review 31 (December 1984), 42-70.

Coolidge, Calvin. Autobiography. New York: Cosmopolitan Book Corp., 1929.

______. The Mind of the President, as Revealed by Himself in his Own Words, ed. C. Bascom Slemp. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1926.

Cooper, John Milton. Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

15

______. Walter Hines Page: The Southerner as American, 1855-1918. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977.

______. The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

______. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.

Cordery, Stacy A. Alice: Alice Roosevelt Longworth, from White House Princess to Washington Power Broker. New York: Viking, 2007.

Cornwell, Elmer E., Jr. “Coolidge and Presidential Leadership.” Public Opinion Quarterly 21:2 (Summer 1957), 265-78.

______. Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965.

______. “The Presidential Press Conference: A Study in Institutionalization.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 4:4 (November 1960), 370-89.

______. “The Press Conferences of Woodrow Wilson.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 39:3 (September 1962), 292-300.

______. “Wilson, Creel, and the Presidency.” Public Opinion Quarterly 23:2 (Summer 1959), 197–98.

Cotler, Gordon. “That Plague of Spots from Madison Avenue.” The Reporter, November 25, 1952, 7-9.

Cousins, Norman. “Presidents Don’t Have to Be Quiz Champions.” Saturday Review, November 5, 1960, 34.

Cowley, Malcolm. “Poets and Prophets.” New Republic, May 5, 1941, 640.

______. “The Sorrows of Elmer Davis.” New Republic, May 3, 1943, 591-93.

Craig, Douglas. Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920-1940. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

Creel, George. How We Advertised America: The First Telling of the Amazing Story of the Committee on Public Information That Carried the Gospel of Americanism to Every Corner of the Globe. New York: Harper & Bros., 1920.

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______. “The ‘Lash’ of Public Opinion.” Collier’s, November 22, 1924, 46.

______. “The Next Four Years: An Interview with the President.” Everybody’s, February 1917, 129-39.

______. “Poisoners of Public Opinion.” Harper’s Weekly, November 7, 1914, 436-38.

______. Rebel at Large: Recollections of Fifty Crowded Years. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1947.

______. “What Roosevelt Intends to Do.” Collier’s, March 11, 1933, 7-9, 34-36.

Creelman, James. “A Defender of the Senate.” Pearson’s Magazine, June 1906, 622-29.

______. “Mr. Cortelyou Explains President McKinley.” Pearson’s Magazine, June 1908, 569- 85.

Croly, Herbert. The Promise of American Life. New York: Macmillan, 1909.

______. “Unregenerate Democracy.” New Republic, February 5, 1916, 17-19.

Crouse, Timothy. Boys on the Bus. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973 [1972].

Cruikshank, Jeffrey L., and Arthur W. Schultz. The Man Who Sold America: The Amazing (But True!) Story of Albert D. Lasker and the Creation of the Advertising Century. Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010.

Cull, Nicholas J. The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy, 1945-1989. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Cutlip, Scott. “The Nation’s First Public Relations Firm.” Journalism Quarterly 43:3 (Summer 1966), 269–80.

______. “Public Relations and the American Revolution.” Public Relations Review 2:4 (Winter 1976), 11–24.

______. Public Relations History: From the 17th to the 20th Century: The Antecedents. New York: Routledge, 2013.

______. The Unseen Power: Public Relations, a History. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994.

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Crick, Bernard. In Defence of Politics. 4th ed.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992 [1962].

Czitrom, Daniel J. Media and the American Mind: From Morse to McLuhan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

Dallek, Robert. Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

______. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

______. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963. Boston: Little, Brown, 2003.

Daniel, Clifton Truman. “Adventures with Grandpa Truman.” Prologue, Spring 2009, 36-41.

Daniels, Josephus. The Wilson Era: Years of Peace. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944.

Davies, David. The Postwar Decline of American Newspapers, 1945-1965. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2006.

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III. PERIODICALS

Atlanta Constitution (also Atlanta Journal & Constitution) American Magazine American Mercury American Press American Prospect American Review of Reviews The Arena Atlantic (also Atlantic Monthly) Boston Globe Broadcasting Century The Chautauquan Christian Science Monitor Chicago (Daily) Tribune Columbia Journalism Review

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Collier’s Cosmopolitan The Dial Editor & Publisher Esquire Everybody’s The Fatherland Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Fortune Hampton’s Magazine Harper’s (also Harper’s Weekly or Harper’s Monthly) Hartford Courant The Independent Look Los Angeles Times McClure’s Motion Picture Classic The Nation National Review New England Magazine The New Republic Newsweek The New Yorker New York Herald Tribune (also New York Tribune) New York Magazine New York Observer New York Post New York Times New York Times Magazine New York World Nieman Reports North American Review The Outlook Partisan Review Pearson’s Magazine Politico Public Opinion Public Relations Journal The Reporter

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Rolling Stone Salon San Jose Mercury News Saturday Evening Post Saturday Review Scribner’s Slate Smithsonian Spy Time Toronto Globe & Mail TV Guide U.S. News & World Report Washington Post Washington Star Wall Street Journal Washington Monthly Wilson Quarterly Woman’s Home Companion The World’s Work The World Tomorrow

73