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DO AS the SPANIARDS DO. the 1821 PIEDMONT INSURRECTION and the BIRTH of CONSTITUTIONALISM Haced Como Los Españoles. Los Movimi
DO AS THE SPANIARDS DO. THE 1821 PIEDMONT INSURRECTION AND THE BIRTH OF CONSTITUTIONALISM Haced como los españoles. Los movimientos de 1821 en Piamonte y el origen del constitucionalismo PIERANGELO GENTILE Universidad de Turín [email protected] Cómo citar/Citation Gentile, P. (2021). Do as the Spaniards do. The 1821 Piedmont insurrection and the birth of constitutionalism. Historia y Política, 45, 23-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.18042/hp.45.02 (Reception: 15/01/2020; review: 19/04/2020; acceptance: 19/09/2020; publication: 01/06/2021) Abstract Despite the local reference historiography, the 1821 Piedmont insurrection still lacks a reading that gives due weight to the historical-constitutional aspect. When Carlo Alberto, the “revolutionary” Prince of Carignano, granted the Cádiz Consti- tution, after the abdication of Vittorio Emanuele I, a crisis began in the secular history of the dynasty and the kingdom of Sardinia: for the first time freedoms and rights of representation broke the direct pledge of allegiance, tipycal of the absolute state, between kings and people. The new political system was not autochthonous but looked to that of Spain, among the many possible models. Using the extensive available bibliography, I analyzed the national and international influences of that 24 PIERANGELO GENTILE short historical season. Moreover I emphasized the social and geographic origin of the leaders of the insurrection (i.e. nobility and bourgeoisie, core and periphery of the State) and the consequences of their actions. Even if the insurrection was brought down by the convergence of the royalist forces and the Austrian army, its legacy weighed on the dynasty. -
The Experiences of Local Peace and Reconciliation Organisations in Post-Agreement Northern Ireland
‘After the dust settles’: The experiences of local peace and reconciliation organisations in post-Agreement Northern Ireland. A case study of the Corrymeela Community Kirsty Campbell This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at the University of St Andrews March 2020 1 Thesis Title: ‘After the dust settles’: The experiences of local peace and reconciliation organisations in post-Agreement Northern Ireland. A case study of the Corrymeela Community Name of candidate: Kirsty Campbell Student ID: 080006864 Name of degree: PhD International Relations Date of submission: 24/03/2020 2 Contents Ethical Approval Letter .......................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter One: Introduction ................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 11 The case study of the Corrymeela Community ............................................................................ 15 Research Question .......................................................................................................................... 16 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... -
The Waldensian Review
THE WALDENSIAN REVIEW No. 115 Winter 2009 Editor: Mrs Erica Scroppo Newbury, 85 St Andrew’s Road, Cambridge CB4 1DH. Telephone 01223-315753, email [email protected] From the Editor Dear Friends and Supporters, This is not my usual letter to our beloved and faithful readers. I am of course going to thank you once again for your generosity, for your support, for your thoughts and prayers. I will of course as usual further on let you know about old and new friends, about old and new projects, about Italy and the Walden- sian–Methodist Church. To start with, though, I would like to draw your attention to the growing costs of printing and posting the Waldensian Review. We all agree it is an excellent way to keep in touch, we have fans in at least three continents and I would feel really sad if I had to stop editing and producing this little magazine which is by now an institution, this issue being the 115th! Nevertheless since the dona- tions are dropping and I don’t need to explain why our revenue in interest and investment is at the moment virtually nonexistent, we cannot justify spending a considerable sum of our small income on producing a newsletter which at the moment is far from generating the income one would hope for. The purpose of our Mission is after all to collect money to send to Italy to help the Waldensian Church. Our choice has been to help in areas where the Church does not receive help from other sources; that is in evangelisation, church life, the maintenance and building of places of worship, in one word: Christian life. -
Spiritual Leaders in the IFOR Peace Movement
A Lexicon of Spiritual Leaders In the IFOR Peace Movement Version 4 Page 1 of 156 10.4.2012 Dave D’Albert Disclaimer:................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Forward:...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The Start of it all............................................................................................................................................................... 6 1914............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Bilthoven Meeting 1919............................................................................................................................................... 6 Argentina.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1931-....................................................................................................................................... 7 Others with little or no information............................................................................................................................... 7 D. D. Lura-Villanueva ............................................................................................................................................ -
Study Guide Fall 2016
Santa Reparata International School of Art Academic Year 2016/2017 Contemporary Italy professor dr. Lorenzo Pubblici Study Guide 1. The Italian Unification The notion of Risorgimento in Italian history What is the Risorgimento? • Traditional view: 1815-1871 • Modern view: 1789-1918 • Political Risorgimento and Literary Risorgimento Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) and other intellectuals Italy is a Country where the national culture was born before the Nation itself. Let’s see the steps towards the creation of the idea of Italy • Ancient Roman Empire: Augustus and the reform of the provinces • Free citizens were Roman citizen • 476: fall of the Roman Empire, the peninsular unity is not broken • VI Century: Byzantine-Gothic war • End of the VI Century: Lombard invasion, the Peninsula loses its geographical unity • The fusion of the two elements: germanic and latin The Franks • The invasion of the Franks (Charlemagne) breaks the Regnum Langobardorum • The Franks and the desire of autonomy of the Northern Italian cities • The attempts for an unitarian kingdom by Frederick 2nd, and birth of the Communes • The Roman Church remains the only identitarian power in Italy The intellectuals • The Regional States and the Signorie, late Middle Ages • The Humanism and the Rinascimento: Italy, heir of Rome. • Complaining of the actual situation (all the rulers in Italy are foreigners) Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio and the Italian language • Cosimo dei Medici and Lorenzo as Pater Patriae • Machiavelli and Guicciardini: the central State and the Federal one The French Revolution and the Napoleonic period • The French Revolution, the Enlightenment and the results in Europe and in Italy • Napoleon invades Italy (1796). -
A Bundle of Rods: Transmigration of Symbols and Spatial Rhetoric in the Architecture of Modernity1
A Bundle of Rods: Transmigration of Symbols and Spatial Rhetoric in the Architecture of Modernity1 Daniele Vadalà Introduction During the twenty years of Fascist rule, the diffusion and pervasiveness throughout Italy of the popularized image of the ancient roman symbol of fasces lictori reflects well the sense of a political movement that mainly appealed on the symbolic lure of a spatially based rhetoric. The sequence and connections of these symbolic acts, rather than appearing the outcome of bizarre or extravagant improvisations, were indeed part of a well-orchestrated appeal to a mix of feelings then animating the popular masses of Italy. This strategy could well have been grounded in the current account of the “vittoria mutilata” after the First World War and the distress caused by a profound crisis of the liberal state, whose prestige and authority had been perceptibly weakened in the interwar period by the rising action of labor organizations and communist parties during a period of higher unemployment and economic crisis. This combination of social resentment and uncertainty for the future was an easy target for the emergent regime to emotionally involve Italians through an arsenal of symbols and rites, a well-displayed set of spatially-based dramatizations that in the course of twenty decisive years paved the way to a rising and robust popular consensus. In his seminal work, Le religioni della politica, Emilio Gentile distinguishes two phases in the edification of this “secular cult.”2 The first aimed at consolidating the Fascist authority through the reconsecration of symbols and rites of Italian national unity, among these the celebration of the Statuto Albertino bestowed upon Italy by the Savoia monarchy and the glorification of the First World War. -
EXTENSIONS of REMARKS HERB HOFFMAN-A DEDICATED I Joined Hundreds of Others Who Bade Mittee on the Judiciary, Succeeds Donald E
June 7, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 1832i Upon the disposition of the Jackson cordance with the previous order, that Jeremiah J. Donahue Demetria F. Aspiras amendment, any rollcall votes ordered on the Senate stand in adjournment until Kenneth F. Dalton Carl D. Maddy Dale W. Croteau Howard E. Hall the Kennedy-Cranston amendment the hour of 10 a.m. Monday next. Thomas J. Jozwiak Norman L. M. would occur. The motion was agreed to; and at 4: 30 Donald E. Sapp Peleholani At the hour of 1 o'clock p.m. on Tues p.m. the Senate adjourned until Mon Charles R. Blanar Lonnie L. Hyatt day, the so-called ceiling amendment day, June 10, 1974, at 10 a.m. William W. Arrington Richard E. Rainville will be called up by Mr. HUMPHREY, on Eugene Lister James A. Irwin which there is a time limitation of 1 Robert C. Jacobson John C. Leith III hour and 15 minutes. NOMINATIONS Robert L. Ferguson Larry H. Oliszewski Dennis G. Johnson Thurman G. Upon the disposition of the Humphrey Executive nominations received by the Junius S. Clemmons Fogelstrom amendment the Senate will proceed to Senate June 7, 1974: William J. Gural Denis J. Mayberry vote on the final passage of the military IN THE COAST GUARD Robert S. Tekesky Ronald E. Curtis procurement bill. That will also be a The. following officer of the U.S. Coast Donald A. Perillo Norvie S. Gillikin rollcall vote. Guard for promotion to the grade of lieute Kenneth R. Land Gary L. Perry Upon the disposition of that bill, in the nant (junior grade): Jack E. -
Sabino Cassese the Italian Constitutional Architecture: from Unification to the Present
Sabino Cassese The Italian Constitutional Architecture: from Unification to the Present Day Contents: 1. A Constitution or a Religion? 2. A mild form of constitutionalization 3. A void center Paper delivered at the International Conference on “The Unification of Italy and American Independence”, organized by the Italian Cultural Institute of New York, in collaboration with the Luiss School of Government, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy, New York, 20 September 2011. 1 Sabino Cassese, Justice, Italian Constitutional Court. He has been professor at the Universities of Urbino, Naples and Rome and visiting scholar at the Universities of Paris I, Nantes, “Institut d’Etudes Politiques” in Paris, Stanford, Oxford, New York. In 1993-94 he was a member of the Italian Government. Sabino Cassese has received a doctor honoris causa degree from seven Universities: Aix-en-Provence (1987), Cordoba (1995), Paris II (1998), Castilla-La Mancha (2002), Athens (2002), Macerata (2002) and European University Institute (2010). His most recent works include: Il mondo nuovo del diritto (2008, Laterza), Il diritto globale (2009, Einaudi), Massimo Severo Giannini (2010, Laterza), Il diritto amministrativo: storia e prospettive (2010, Giuffrè), Lo Stato fascista (2010, Il Mulino), When legal orders collide: the role of courts (2010, Global Law Press). 2 1. A Constitution or a Religion? In an important article on “Constitutional History: Chance or Grand Design”, the great Belgian legal historian R. C. Van Caenegem, wrote that “the American Constitution is not just a legal text, but more like a religious revelation. The First Amendment bans established churches, but the adoration surrounding the fundamental law amounts to an established civil religion, a substitute for a state church. -
The Global Rise of Judicial Review Since 1945
Catholic University Law Review Volume 69 Issue 3 Summer 2020 Article 6 2-11-2021 The Global Rise of Judicial Review Since 1945 Steven G. Calabresi Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Jurisprudence Commons Recommended Citation Steven G. Calabresi, The Global Rise of Judicial Review Since 1945, 69 Cath. U. L. Rev. 401 (2020). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol69/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Catholic University Law Review by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Global Rise of Judicial Review Since 1945 Cover Page Footnote Clayton J. & Henry R. Barber Professor, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law; Visiting Professor of Law, Yale Law School, Fall semester 2013-2020. I have previously written more briefly on this subject in: Steven Gow Calabresi, The Origins and Growth of Judicial Enforcement, in COMPARATIVE JUDICIAL REVIEW 83 (Erin F. Delaney & Rosalind Dixon eds., 2018). I draw on parts of that book chapter in my article here. I am also publishing a two- volume book series with Oxford University Press in April 2021 on: 1) The History and Growth of Judicial Review in the G-20 Constitutional Democracies: The Common Law Countries and 2) The History and Growth of Judicial Review in the G-20 Constitutional Democracies: The Civil Law Countries. I retain the copyright to use some of the material in this article in my forthcoming books with Oxford University Press. -
Rights-Based Constitutional Review in Italy by Paolo Passaglia
CONSULTA ONLINE Rights-Based Constitutional Review in Italy* by Paolo Passaglia** SUMMARY: I. Evolution of the model of constitutional review (constitutional review in context): a. General constitutional set-up. – b. Original model of constitutional review. – c. Transformation of model. – II. Practice and endurance of constitutional review (constitutional review in practice): a. Specific issues in recent case law. – b. Impact on other powers. – c. Prospects of transformed model and practice. I. Evolution of the model of constitutional review (constitutional review in context) a. General constitutional set-up The Italian tradition of constitutionalism dates back to the nineteenth century, although its fundamental principles were fully established only in the aftermath of World War II. With regard to the nineteenth century, it is essential to draw a clear distinction between theory and practice. As far as theory is concerned, Italian culture had been very much influenced by the ideals of the French Revolution and contractarian theories at least since Napoleon’s campaigns. In practice, however, during the European Restoration, reference to constitutionalism was the key element in the struggle to achieve a limited government, a struggle which produced however only ephemeral political victories or, at most, compromises between traditional and constitutional points of view. These compromises formed the basis of the unitary state, as demonstrated by the fact that the first King of Italy was designated, in 1861, “by the grace of God and the will -
Hri/Core/Ita/2016
United Nations HRI/CORE/ITA/2016 International Human Rights Distr.: General 25 July 2016 Instruments Original: English Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties Italy* [Date received: 8 June 2016] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. GE.16-12828(E) HRI/CORE/ITA/2016 Contents Page I. General information ......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction (Historical background) ............................................................................................... 3 A. Demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics .................................................. 7 B. Constitutional, political and legal structure of the State .......................................................... 13 II. General framework for the protection and promotion of human rights ............................................ 22 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 22 A. Acceptance of international human rights norms..................................................................... 24 B. Legal framework for the protection of human rights at the national level ............................... 27 C. Framework within which human rights are promoted at the national level ............................. 40 D. Reporting process at the national level ................................................................................... -
Reconsidering Constitutional Formation I National Sovereignty a Comparative Analysis of the Juridification by Constitution Studies in the History of Law and Justice
Studies in the History of Law and Justice 6 Series Editors: Georges Martyn · Mortimer Sellers Ulrike Müßig Editor Reconsidering Constitutional Formation I National Sovereignty A Comparative Analysis of the Juridification by Constitution Studies in the History of Law and Justice Volume 6 Series editors Georges Martyn University of Ghent , Gent , Belgium Mortimer Sellers University of Baltimore , Baltimore , Maryland, USA Editorial Board António Pedro Barbas Homem, Universidade de Lisboa Emanuele Conte, Università degli Studi Roma Tre Gigliola di Renzo Villata, Università degli Studi di Milano Markus Dirk Dubber, University of Toronto William Ewald, University of Pennsylvania Law School Igor Filippov, Moscow State University Amalia Kessler, Stanford University Mia Korpiola, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies Aniceto Masferrer, Universidad de Valencia Yasutomo Morigiwa, Nagoya University Graduate School of Law Ulrike Muessig, Universität Passau Sylvain Soleil, Université de Rennes James Q.Whitman, Yale Law School The purpose of this book series is to publish high quality volumes on the history of law and justice. Legal history can be a deeply provocative and infl uential fi eld, as illustrated by the growth of the European universities and the ius commune, the French Revolution, the American Revolution, and indeed all the great movements for national liberation through law. The study of history gives scholars and reformers the models and cour- age to question entrenched injustices, by demonstrating the contingency of law and other social arrangements. Yet legal history today fi nds itself diminished in the universities and legal academy. Too often scholarship betrays no knowledge of what went before, or why legal institutions took the shape they did.