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Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Iris Songarica Schrenk Rhizome Ethanolic Extract in Mice

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Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Iris Songarica Schrenk Rhizome Ethanolic Extract in Mice Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ) Original Article 2017; 20(125): 9-19 Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Iris songarica Schrenk Rhizome Ethanolic Extract in Mice Abolfazl Ahani1, Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri2, Mehran Hosseini3, Mohammad Hassanpour-Fard4* 1. General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 3. BSc in Public Health, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 4. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Received: 17 Jun 2017, Accepted: 24 Sep 2017 Abstract Background: The rhizome of Iris songarica Scherenk has been prescribed as anodyne in Persian traditional medicine system. However, its effects have never been investigated experimentally. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of alcoholic extract of Iris songarica Scherenk rhizome in mice. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male balb/c mice were used. 40 animals were allocated into five equal groups (control, morphine 5mg/kg, the extracts at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg.kg) and tested for antinociceptive evaluation via using hot-plate in 30,60 and 120 minutes after the investigations. Also, the other 36 mice were divided into six equal groups (no-inflammation control, inflammation model, dexamethasone 4 mg/kg and the extracts at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg.kg) and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in xylene induced inflammation model. All the investigations were done via intraperitoneal injection. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS. Results: Compared to the control group, the extract at the all doses could increase latency time in hot plate test at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after investigation (p<0.05).This potential was comparable to morphine in the high doses or long time. In addition, the extracts at the all doses exhibited high anti- inflammatory activity which was comparable to dexamethasone (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of present study clearly showed that Iris songarica Scherenk rhizome has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice. Keywords: Antiinflammatory activity, Antinociceptive activity, Iris songarica Scherenk, Rhizome *Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. 9 9 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اراك ﺳﺎل 20، ﺷﻤﺎره 8 (ﺷﻤﺎره ﭘﯿﺎﭘﯽ 125)، آﺑﺎن1396، 9-19 اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره اﻟﮑﻠﯽ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ (Iris songarcia Schrenk) در ﻣﻮش ﮐﻮﭼﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﺑﻮاﻟﻔﻀﻞ آﻫﻨﯽ1، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﺪي ﺣﺴﻦ زاده ﻃﺎﻫﺮي2، ﻣﻬﺮان ﺣﺴﯿﻨﯽ3، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر ﻓﺮد4* 1. ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، اﯾﺮان. 2. داﻧﺸﯿﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، اﯾﺮان. 3. ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، اﯾﺮان. 4. داﻧﺸﯿﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﻓﺎرﻣﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮژي، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، اﯾﺮان. ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 27/3/96، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 96/7/2 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: رﯾﺸﻪ زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ در ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد، ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن اﺛﺮات آن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره اﻟﮑﻠﯽ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ در ﻣﻮش آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ از ﻣﻮش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ ﻧﮋاد ﺑﺎﻟﺐ-ﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. 40 ﺳﺮ ﻣﻮش ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه (ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﻣﻮرﻓﯿﻦ 5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ، ﻋﺼﺎره در دوزﻫﺎي 100 و 200، 300 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم) و ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎت ﭘﻠﯿﺖ در زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي 30، 60 و 120دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، 36 ﻣﻮش دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ (ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺪون اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﻬﺎب، ﻣﺪل اﻟﺘﻬﺎب، دﮔﺰا ﻣﺘﺎزون 5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم، ﻋﺼﺎره در دوزﻫﺎي 100 و 200، 300 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم) و ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺰﯾﻠﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ درون ﺻﻔﺎﻗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺮوﺳﮑﺎل واﻟﯿﺲ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري SPSS ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﻗﯿﺎس ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﻋﺼﺎره در ﺗﻤﺎم دوزﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري زﻣﺎن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد (p <0/05). اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ در دوزﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ و ﯾﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮرﻓﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره در ﺗﻤﺎم دوزﻫﺎ، ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ داروي دﮔﺰاﻣﺘﺎزون، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري(p <0/001) ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب در ﻣﻮشﻫﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر آﺷﮑﺎر ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮاص ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ در ﻣﻮش ﮐﻮﭼﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ دارد. واژﮔﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺿﺪ دردي، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ، زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ، رﯾﺰوم *ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: اﯾﺮان، ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﻓﺎرﻣﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮژي E-mail: [email protected] 10 اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره اﻟﮑﻠﯽ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ… اﺑﻮاﻟﻔﻀﻞ آﻫﻨﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﺮون، اﺳﺘﺮوژن، ﮐﻮرﺗﯿﺰول و ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﻟﻮﺗﺌﯿﻨﺰه ﮐﻨﻨﺪه درد ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺘﺪاولﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد (6). از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮارض ﺷﺎﯾﻊ داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪاﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﻮارﺿﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و ذﻫﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ را اﺳﺘﺮوﺋﯿﺪي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﮔﻮارﺷﯽ، آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺸﻐﻮل داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﮐﺲ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن، ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ (ﭼﻨﺎنﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﯽ اي ﺑﺎ درد ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺧﺎﻃﺮات و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي روﯾﻪ و ﯾﺎ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ داروﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن و ادرار آورﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ از درد ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ و آن را ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ) اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮر (ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه دﯾﮑﻠﻮﻓﻨﺎك ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ دﭼﺎر آﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﯽ و ﭘﯿﺮوﮐﺴﯿﮑﺎم) و آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﯿﻦ و ﻧﻮزاد اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد (7). ﺷﻮد، درد ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ و ﺷﺨﺺ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آن از ﺧﻮد ﺧﻮاب آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ، ﻣﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﺮدرد، و اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ (ﭘﺮه واﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داده و ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺮك دردزا را از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﺑﺎﻟﯿﻦ) و ادم ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ (ﮔﺎﺑﺎﭘﻨﺘﯿﻦ) ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻋﻮارض ﺷﺎﯾﻊ دارد. در ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ درد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ زﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺑﺎﭘﻨﺘﻮﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (8). ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت داروﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺮّك ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﺪن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل درد ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﺤﺎل ﺑﺪﻻﯾﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ رود (1). ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻋﻮارض ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ در اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ داروﻫﺎﺳﺖ، ﭘﺰﺷﮑﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ درد را ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺿﺪ دردﻫﺎ و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﺘﯿﮏ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. آن ﺑﯿﺶ از 635 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد دﻻر ﺑﺮاورد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد (2). از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ درد از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ، در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ اﻗﺒﺎل ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان و ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺌﻮ آرﺗﺮﯾﺖ، ﮐﻤﺮ درد، ﺳﺮدرد و درد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮروﭘﺎﺗﯿﮏ اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد (2). اﻣﺮوزه از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ اﻣﺮاض ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺎنﭼﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ واﺿﺢ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﮑﯿﻦ درد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ (NSAID) ﻣﺨﺪرﻫﺎ، داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪاﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻏﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺮوﯾﯿﺪي ، اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﯾﺪ ﺻﺤﺖ اﯾﻦ ادﻋﺎﺳﺖ (9). ﮔﯿﺎه زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺿﺪاﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽﻫﺎ (ﻣﺜﻞ آﻣﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﭙﺘﯿﻠﯿﻦ)، ﺿﺪ ﺗﺸﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ (ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ Iris songarica Schrenk (ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ 1) ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺑﺎﭘﻨﺘﯿﻦ)، آﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ان ﻣﺘﯿﻞ دي آﺳﭙﺎراﺗﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده زﻧﺒﻘﯿﺎن و داراي رﯾﺰوم ﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ﭘﯿﺎزي ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و (ﻣﺜﻞ ﮐﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ)، ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻏﺸﺎي ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ (ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﯿﺪوﮐﺎﺋﯿﻦ) ﺣﺪود 150 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و آﻟﻔﺎ 2 آﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎ (ﻣﺜﻞ ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯿﺪﯾﻦ و دﮐﺴﻤﺪﺗﻮﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ) اﺷﺎره ﺟﻬﺎن رﺷﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ودر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ روﯾﺶ دارد ﻧﻤﻮد(3) ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﺿﺪدردي آن ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي (10). ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﺿﺪدرد ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺪري، ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺮژﯾﮏ و ﮐﻮﻟﯿﻨﺮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ و در ﻧﺨﺎع ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻬﺎر درد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ (4). اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ داروﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ دارو، واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ، ﺳﺮﺧﻮﺷﯽ و ... اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ (5) . ﻣﺼﺮف ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ درد ﻣﺨﺪري ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و رواﻧﯽ، ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ1: ﮔﯿﺎه زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ (Iris songarcia Schrenk) ، در ﺗﺎري دﯾﺪ، ﺗﻬﻮع، اﺳﺘﻔﺮاغ، ﯾﺒﻮﺳﺖ، ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ زﯾﺎد ﺑﻪ درد، ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر (30 ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ1396)، اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ، دﺷﺖ ﻣﻮد (ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت 37درﺟﻪ و 71 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و 59 درﺟﻪ و ﺳﻔﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼت، ﻣﯿﻮﮐﻠﻮﻧﻮس، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮنﻫﺎي 49 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺷﺮﻗﯽ). ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اراك، ﺳﺎل ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره 8، آﺑﺎن 1396 11 اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره اﻟﮑﻠﯽ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ… اﺑﻮاﻟﻔﻀﻞ آﻫﻨﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران در ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻢ زﺧﻢ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﮏ و ﻣﮏ ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﮑﯿﻦ درد در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻣﻮش ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ از دﻧﺪان، ﺿﺪ اﺳﭙﺎﺳﻢ و ادرارآور ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﮋاد ﺑﺎﻟﺐ-ﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻦ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و در ﻣﺤﺪوده وزﻧﯽ 30- 25 ﮔﺮم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه روي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺪت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ، ﺿﺪ اﻧﮕﻠﯽ، آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ( دﻣﺎ 24- 20 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ -45 ﺧﻮاص ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ(11). ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ 40 درﺻﺪ، دوره روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ – ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ) درون ﻗﻔﺲ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ در ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ رﯾﺰوم ﮔﯿﺎه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺴﮑﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻃﻮل ﻃﺮح ﻣﻮش درد ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻫﯿﭻ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي ﻫﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ آزاد ﺑﻪ ﻏﺬاي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ دردي و ﯾﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ آن را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار (ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن- ﻣﺸﻬﺪ) و آب ﺷﻬﺮي ﺳﺎﻟﻢ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺪاده اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﮐﻠﯿﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت رﻓﺘﺎري در ﻓﺎز روﺷﻨﺎﺋﯽ (از ﺳﺎﻋﺖ 8 اﻟﯽ14 ) ﺿﺪ دردي و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺒﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ در ﯾﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
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