DOCSLIB.ORG

Caractérisation De La Biodiversité Des Souches D'aspergillus De La Section

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caractérisation De La Biodiversité Des Souches D'aspergillus De La Section En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (Toulouse INP) Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par : Mme JOYA MAKHLOUF le jeudi 11 juillet 2019 Titre : Caractérisation de la biodiversité des souches d'Aspergillus de la section Flavi isolées d'aliments commercialisés au Liban: approche moléculaire, métabolique et morphologique Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : Toxicologie Alimentaire (ToxAlim) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. JEAN-DENIS BAILLY M. MONZER HAMZE Rapporteurs : M. JEROME MOUNIER, UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE Mme MIREILLE KALASSY AOUAD, UNIVERSITE ST JOSEPH DE BEYROUTH Membre(s) du jury : M. ZIAD DAOUD, UNIVERSITE DE BALAMAND, Président M. JEAN-DENIS BAILLY, ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE DE TOULOUSE, Membre M. MONZER HAMZE, UNIVERSITE LIBANAISE, Membre M. OLIVIER PUEL, INRA TOULOUSE, Membre TABLE DES MATIERES Liste des TABLEAUX ...................................................................................................... 5 Liste des FIGURES .............................................................................................. ……….6 Liste des ABRÉVIATIONS .............................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 Première Partie : DONNÉES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ....................................... …..11 1. LES MOISISSURES ET LES MYCOTOXINES : GÉNÉRALITÉS ........................ 11 1.1. Les moisissures : des microorganismes utiles ou nuisibles ..................................... 11 1.2. Identification et classification des moisissures ........................................................ 13 1.2.1. Identification des moisissures ................................................................... 13 i) identification morphologique ii) identification moléculaire 1.2.2. Classification des moisissures ................................................................... 22 1.3. Les mycotoxines ........................................ ………………………………………..26 1.3.1. Origine et biosynthèse… ........................................................................... 26 1.3.2. Conditions de toxinogénèse ....................................................................... 26 i) facteurs biotiques ii) facteurs abiotiques 1.3.3. Les principales mycotoxines et leurs effets .............................................. 29 2. LES ASPERGILLUS DE LA SECTION FLAVI ........................................................ 33 2.1. Le genre Aspergillus : caractéristiques générales .................................................... 33 2.2. La section Flavi ........................................................................................................ 35 2.2.1. Aspergillus flavus ...................................................................................... 35 2.2.2. Aspergillus parasiticus .............................................................................. 36 2.2.3. Aspergillus nomius .................................................................................... 37 2.2.4. Aspergillus tamarii .................................................................................... 38 2.2.5. Aspergillus minisclerotigenes ................................................................... 38 2.3. Les toxines produites par les Aspergillus section Flavi ........................................... 39 2.3.1. Les aflatoxines ........................................................................................... 39 2.3.1.1. Structures et propriétés chimiques 2.3.1.2. Voie de biosynthèse 2.3.1.3. Conditions nécessaires à la production des aflatoxines i) particularités de la souche fongique ii) nature du substrat iii) les facteurs climatiques 2 iv) les autres facteurs environnementaux 2.3.1.4. Métabolisme et toxicité des aflatoxines i) métabolisme ii) mécanisme d’action cellulaire iii) toxicité iv) règlementation 2.3.2. L’acide cyclopiazonique ............................................................................ 54 2.3.2.1. Structure et voie de biosynthèse 2.3.2.2. Toxicité i) mécanisme d’action cellulaire ii) toxicité aiguë et subaiguë iii) toxicité chronique 2.4. Chemotype des différentes espèces d’Aspergillus section Flavi ............................. 57 3. LES ASPERGILLUS DE LA SECTION FLAVI ET LEURS TOXINES DANS LES DENRÉES ALIMENTAIRES ........................................................................................ 59 3.1. Contamination par les aflatoxines ............................................................................ 60 3.1.1. Les céréales ............................................................................................... 60 3.1.2. Fruits à coque et fruits secs ....................................................................... 62 3.1.3. Les épices .................................................................................................. 64 3.2. Contamination par l’acide cyclopiazonique ............................................................ 67 3.3. Contamination par les Aspergillus section Flavi ..................................................... 68 SECONDE PARTIE : TRAVAIL EXPÉRIMENTAL .............................................. 72 1. OBJECTIFS ................................................................................................................ 72 2. MATERIEL ET MÉTHODES .................................................................................... 73 2.1. Solvants et réactifs ................................................................................................... 73 2.2. Echantillonnage ........................................................................................................ 73 2.2.1. Epices ........................................................................................................ .73 2.2.2. Céréales et fruits secs ................................................................................ .74 2.3. Numération et identification fongique ..................................................................... .75 2.4. Caractérisation des souches d’Aspergillus section Flavi76 2.4.1. Identification morphologique .................................................................... 76 2.4.2. Identification moléculaire ......................................................................... 78 2.4.3. Détermination du potentiel toxinogène des souches ................................. 3. RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 83 3.1. Biodiversité des Aspergillus section Flavi contaminant les épices commercialisées au Liban ......................................................................................................................... 83 Article : Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon, Scientific Reports, 2019 ......................... 84 3 3.2. Biodiversité des Aspergillus section Flavi contaminant les céréales commercialisées au Liban ......................................................................................................................... 97 3.2.1. Flore fongique totale des échantillons de céréales .................................. 97 3.2.2. Caractérisation des souches d’Aspergillus de la section Flavi isolées des échantillons de céréales .................................................................................... 101 3.3. Biodiversité des Aspergillus section Flavi contaminant les fruits secs commerciali- sés au Liban .................................................................................................................. 103 3.3.1. Flore fongique totale des échantillons de fruits secs ............................. 105 3.3.2. Caractérisation des souches d’Aspergillus de la section Flavi isolées des échantillons de fruits secs ................................................................................ 107 4. TRAVAIL COMPLÉMENTAIRE : IMPACT DU MILIEU DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SCLÉROTES ET DE MYCOTOXINES .................................... 108 4.1. Contexte ................................................................................................................. 108 4.2. Protocole expérimental.......................................................................................... 109 4.3. Résultats et discussion............................................................................................ 109 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ..................................................................................................... 114 4 LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 : Gènes recommandés pour l’identification moléculaire de différents genres fongiques ........................................................................................................................ 19 Tableau 2 : Gamme d’activité de l’eau permettant la croissance de certaines espèces des genres Aspergillus et Penicillium ....................................................................................... 20 Tableau 3 : Impact de l’aw sur la croissance des espèces fongiques .............................. 21 Tableau 4: Principales mycotoxines, moisissures toxinogènes et principaux substrats les plus souvent contaminés ................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Fungi and Conservation of the Free- 2 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase in Multicellular Eukaryotes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free- 2 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes 3 4 Hayat Hage1, Marie-Noëlle Rosso1, Lionel Tarrago1,* 5 6 From: 1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 7 Marseille, France. 8 *Correspondence: Lionel Tarrago ([email protected]) 9 10 Running title: Methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi 11 12 Keywords: fungi, genome, horizontal gene transfer, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfoxide 13 reductase, protein oxidation, thiol oxidoreductase. 14 15 Highlights: 16 • Free and protein-bound methionine can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). 17 • Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) reduce MetO in most organisms. 18 • Sequence characterization and phylogenomics revealed strong conservation of Msr in fungi. 19 • fRMsr is widely conserved in unicellular and multicellular fungi. 20 • Some msr genes were acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfers. 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT LEWIS, MARY HUNT. Genetic Structure of Soil
    ABSTRACT LEWIS, MARY HUNT. Genetic Structure of Soil Populations of Aspergillus Section Flavi and Efficacy of Biocontrol of Aflatoxin Contamination in Corn. (Under the direction of Dr. Ignazio Carbone and Dr. Peter S. Ojiambo). Corn is contaminated with aflatoxin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin, when aflatoxigenic strains within Aspergillus section Flavi infect corn kernels. Biocontrol using non- aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus have been shown to have the greatest potential to control aflatoxin contamination in corn. However, factors that influence the efficacy of biocontrol agents in different locations are not fully understood. One factor affecting the effectiveness biocontrol could be the genetic structure of the native soil populations of Aspergillus section Flavi. In this study, we investigated how the genetic structure of native soil populations of Aspergillus section Flavi could impact the effectiveness of two commercially available biological control products in different locations in the southeastern US. Field trials were conducted in Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Biocontrol products AF36 and Afla-Guard® were applied to the corn at the VT stage. Soil samples were collected prior to and 1-week after biocontrol application and at harvest to determine the genetic structure of soil populations. In all states, A. flavus (61-100%) was the most dominant species within section Flavi, with A. parasiticus (<35%) being the second- most frequently isolated species. A. nomius, A. caelatus and A. tamarii were detected only in Alabama, but at very low frequencies (<5%). Multi-locus sequence typing revealed that prior to biocontrol application in North Carolina in 2012, 48% of the isolates were the same haplotype as the biocontrol strain Afla-Guard, which belongs to lineage IB, while only 6% were of the same haplotype as AF36, which belongs to lineage IC.
    [Show full text]
  • Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues S L T I F U N O N R T O I S P T
    Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia m o f r o f e Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues s l t i f u n o n r t o i s p t e a c i h s i c n l e a d i g n i c r x a e o s t m d a l n f m o a o c m d l Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of n o a t a e n a s t o Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from e i o t u i c g b u u o production to commercialisation t d c r o y o r M P p s e u g i r d o R o d e v e z A a n i t s i r C a l u a P 0 1 0 2 | o h n i M U November 2010 Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from production to commercialisation Dissertation for PhD degree in Chemical and Biological Engineering Supervisors Professor Doutor Nelson Lima Doutor Armando Venâncio November 2010 The integral reproduction of this thesis or parts thereof is authorized only for research purposes provided a written declaration for permission of use Universidade do Minho, November 2010 Assinatura: THIS THESIS WAS PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND THROUGH THE GRANT REF . SFRH/BD/28332/2006, AND BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BRAGANÇA THROUGH THE GRANT REF .
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Penicillium and the Segregation of Trichocomaceae Into Three Families
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 70: 1–51. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.01 Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families J. Houbraken1,2 and R.A. Samson1 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. *Correspondence: Jos Houbraken, [email protected] Abstract: Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hülle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequencing Abstracts Msa Annual Meeting Berkeley, California 7-11 August 2016
    M S A 2 0 1 6 SEQUENCING ABSTRACTS MSA ANNUAL MEETING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 7-11 AUGUST 2016 MSA Special Addresses Presidential Address Kerry O’Donnell MSA President 2015–2016 Who do you love? Karling Lecture Arturo Casadevall Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Thoughts on virulence, melanin and the rise of mammals Workshops Nomenclature UNITE Student Workshop on Professional Development Abstracts for Symposia, Contributed formats for downloading and using locally or in a Talks, and Poster Sessions arranged by range of applications (e.g. QIIME, Mothur, SCATA). 4. Analysis tools - UNITE provides variety of analysis last name of primary author. Presenting tools including, for example, massBLASTer for author in *bold. blasting hundreds of sequences in one batch, ITSx for detecting and extracting ITS1 and ITS2 regions of ITS 1. UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based sequences from environmental communities, or fungal species linked to the classification ATOSH for assigning your unknown sequences to *Abarenkov, Kessy (1), Kõljalg, Urmas (1,2), SHs. 5. Custom search functions and unique views to Nilsson, R. Henrik (3), Taylor, Andy F. S. (4), fungal barcode sequences - these include extended Larsson, Karl-Hnerik (5), UNITE Community (6) search filters (e.g. source, locality, habitat, traits) for 1.Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, sequences and SHs, interactive maps and graphs, and Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014; 2.Institute of Ecology views to the largest unidentified sequence clusters and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu formed by sequences from multiple independent 51005, Estonia; 3.Department of Biological and ecological studies, and for which no metadata Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, currently exists.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspergillus Bombycis, a New Aflatoxigenic Species and Genetic Variation in Its Sibling Species, A
    Mycologia. 93(4), 2001, pp. 689-703. © 2001 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Aspergillus bombycis, a new aflatoxigenic species and genetic variation in its sibling species, A. nomius* Stephen W. Peterson1 Key Words: aflatoxin, fungi, molecular systemat­ Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center ics, ribosomal DNA sequence for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, V. S. Department ofAgriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999 USA INTRODUCTION Yoko Ito Aflatoxin has been the subject of many studies be­ National Research Institute for Vegetables, Ornamental cause of its deadly toxicity to certain domesticated Plants and Tea, Ministry ofAgriculture forestry and animals, including turkeys, ducks and trout (Hessel­ Fisheries, Ano, Mie, 514-2392Japan tine et al 1966). In addition increased incidence of Bruce W. Horn human hepato-carcinoma is associated with ingestion National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural of sublethal doses of aflatoxin (Scholl and Groopman Research Service, V. S. Department ofAgriculture, 1995). Because of aflatoxin's effects on animal and 1011 Forrester Dr. SE, Dawson, Georgia 31742 USA human health, it is essential to determine which spe­ Tetsuhisa Goto cies produce this toxin, as well as details about their National Food Research Institute, Ministry of life histories and distribution in nature. Currently, Agriculture forestry and Fisheries, Kannondai, there are three known aflatoxigenic species from As­ Tsukuba, 305-8642Japan pergillus section Flavi: A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius (Cotty et al 1994). An additional species, A. ochraceoroseus (section Circumdati) has recently Abstract: A new aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus, been reported as aflatoxigenic (Klich et al 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Lists of Names in Aspergillus and Teleomorphs As Proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (Doi: 10.3852/14-0
    Lists of names in Aspergillus and teleomorphs as proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (doi: 10.3852/14-060), based on retypification of Aspergillus with A. niger as type species John I. Pitt and John W. Taylor, CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA Preamble The lists below set out the nomenclature of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs as they would become on acceptance of a proposal published by Pitt and Taylor (2014) to change the type species of Aspergillus from A. glaucus to A. niger. The central points of the proposal by Pitt and Taylor (2014) are that retypification of Aspergillus on A. niger will make the classification of fungi with Aspergillus anamorphs: i) reflect the great phenotypic diversity in sexual morphology, physiology and ecology of the clades whose species have Aspergillus anamorphs; ii) respect the phylogenetic relationship of these clades to each other and to Penicillium; and iii) preserve the name Aspergillus for the clade that contains the greatest number of economically important species. Specifically, of the 11 teleomorph genera associated with Aspergillus anamorphs, the proposal of Pitt and Taylor (2014) maintains the three major teleomorph genera – Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella – together with Chaetosartorya, Hemicarpenteles, Sclerocleista and Warcupiella. Aspergillus is maintained for the important species used industrially and for manufacture of fermented foods, together with all species producing major mycotoxins. The teleomorph genera Fennellia, Petromyces, Neocarpenteles and Neopetromyces are synonymised with Aspergillus. The lists below are based on the List of “Names in Current Use” developed by Pitt and Samson (1993) and those listed in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org), plus extensive scrutiny of papers publishing new species of Aspergillus and associated teleomorph genera as collected in Index of Fungi (1992-2104).
    [Show full text]
  • RSC COFI Prelims 1..4
    The Chemistry of Fungi James R. Hanson Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ISBN: 978-0-85404-136-7 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library r James R. Hanson, 2008 All rights reserved Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research for non-commercial purposes or for private study, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Royal Society of Chemistry or the copyright owner, or in the case of reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to The Royal Society of Chemistry at the address printed on this page. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WF, UK Registered Charity Number 207890 For further information see our web site at www.rsc.org Preface The diverse structures, biosyntheses and biological activities of fungal meta- bolites have attracted chemists for many years. This book is an introduction to the chemistry of fungal metabolites. The aim is to illustrate, within the context of fungal metabolites, the historical progression from chemical to spectroscopic methods of structure elucidation, the development in biosynthetic studies from establishing sequences and mechanisms to chemical enzymology and genetics and the increasing understanding of the biological roles of natural products.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Genomics Study of 23 Aspergillus Species from Section Flavi
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 03, 2021 A comparative genomics study of 23 Aspergillus species from section Flavi Kjærbølling, Inge; Vesth, Tammi Camilla; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Nybo, Jane L.; Theobald, Sebastian; Kildgaard, Sara; Petersen, Thomas Isbrandt; Kuo, Alan; Sato, Atsushi; Lyhne, Ellen Kirstine Total number of authors: 37 Published in: Nature Communications Link to article, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14051-y Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Kjærbølling, I., Vesth, T. C., Frisvad, J. C., Nybo, J. L., Theobald, S., Kildgaard, S., Petersen, T. I., Kuo, A., Sato, A., Lyhne, E. K., Kogle, M. E., Wiebenga, A., Kun, R. S., Lubbers, R. J. M., Mäkelä, M. R., Barry, K., Chovatia, M., Clum, A., Daum, C., ... Andersen, M. R. (2020). A comparative genomics study of 23 Aspergillus species from section Flavi. Nature Communications, 11(1), [1106]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14051-y General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Penicillium and the Segregation of Trichocomaceae Into Three Families
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 70: 1–51. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.01 Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families J. Houbraken1,2 and R.A. Samson1 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. *Correspondence: Jos Houbraken, [email protected] Abstract: Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hülle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit.
    [Show full text]
  • Agentes Comunes En Las Aspergilosis Humanas: Conceptos Prima
    Bol. Micol. 2014; 29(2): 63-100 REVISIÓN Agentes comunes en las aspergilosis humanas: conceptos prima- rios en la diferenciación de sus complejos de especies (Common agent in human aspergillosis: primary concepts in their complex species differentiation) Eduardo Piontelli L. Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Medicina. Cátedra de Micología Casilla 92 V Valparaíso <email: [email protected]> RESUMEN ABSTRACT Las especies del género Aspergillus P.Micheli ex Species of the genus Aspergillus P.Micheli ex Haller, Haller, son consideradas como importantes organismos in- are considered important members of the organisms of tegrantes de la microbiota en distintos tipos de suelos en mycrobiota in different tipes of soils in all latitudes. They todas las latitudes. Presentan grandes capacidades prsent large industrial fermentative capacity, are common fermentativas industriales, son agentes comunes en micro- agents in food microbiology, major biodeterioration agents biología de alimentos, grandes biodescomponedores junto with bacteria, contaminants in agricultural products, and a las bacterias, contaminantes de productos agrícolas y de important in human and animal health. The genus is importancia en salud humana y animal. El género se aso- associated with 9 or more teleomorphs, forming a cia a 9 o más teleomorfos, formando un clado monofilético monophyletic clade closely related to the genus Penicillium. estrechamente relacionado con el género Penicillium. De- Due to the high number of species, their taxonomic dynamic bido al elevado número de especies, su dinámica taxonómica and frequent changes in nomenclature have often complicated y sus frecuentes cambios en la nomenclatura, han compli- the researcher in any field of biology, especially when related cado a menudo al investigador en algún campo de la biolo- to industry or medicine.
    [Show full text]