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Unusual Aspergillus Species: Images and Plates

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Unusual Aspergillus Species: Images and Plates Visual session of unusual Aspergillus species: images and plates J. Varga, S. Kocsubé, G. Szigeti, N. Baranyi, J. Houbraken, R. A. Samson Aspergillus Aspergillus terreus Pietro Antonio Micheli (Nova conidial head Aspergillum (holy Plantarum Genera, 1729) water sprinkler) Outline of the presentation • Overview of Aspergillus taxonomy & nomenclature • Unusual/newly described Aspergilli in the clinical setting – Section Fumigati – Section Flavi – Section Nigri – Section Nidulantes – Section Circumdati – Other species Aspergillus taxonomy and nomenclature • What is Aspergillus? What is Aspergillus? “Fennellia monodii” “Aspergillus paradoxus” “Penicillium inflatum” Phylogenetic Nidulantes Raperi Usti relationships within the Usti Aspergillus genus Sparsi Terrei Usti Flavipedes Candidi • type strains of 92 species were Nigri examined Flavi • 6 genes: Acl1, MCM7, RPB1, RPB2, Circumdati Tsr1, Cct8 • maximum likelihood (PhyML) Fumigati Clavati Cervini Cremei Use of dual nomenclature in Aspergilli • Teleomorph: Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch & Cain 1972 • Anamorph: Aspergillus fischerianus Samson & W. Gams 1985 One fungus = One name Aspergillus is largely a monophyletic genus Possible name if the */* CBS 272.89 Aspergillus togoensis */* CBS 553.77T Aspergillus coremiiformis */99 NRRL 3357 Aspergillus flavus genus is kept as a */* CBS 151.66T Aspergillus leporis CBS 109.46NT Aspergillus avenaceus 0.96/- */* CBS 108.08NT Aspergillus ochraceus unit CBS 112812T Aspergillus steynii */99 CBS 649.93T Aspergillus robustus 0.94/- */* CBS 260.73T Fennellia flavipes subgenus Circumdati 1.00/- CBS 653.74T Aspergillus aureofulgens Incl. sections Circumdati, Flavi, 1.00/93 NIH 2624 Aspergillus terreus Aspergillus 0.96/- CBS 118.45T Aspergillus janus Candidi, Flavipedes, Nigri, */99 CBS 566.65NT Aspergillus candidus Terrei CBS 463.65NT Aspergillus arenarius -/- */* CBS 172.66T Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 513.88 Aspergillus niger */- */* CBS 245.65 Aspergillus versicolor */99 CBS 264.81 Aspergillus sydowii 0.98/51 FGSC A4 Emericella nidulans */* CBS 600.67T Aspergillus amylovorus subgenus Nidulantes NT */96 */98 CBS 656.73 Aspergillus egyptiacus Aspergillus CBS 121611 Aspergillus calidoustus Incl. sections Nidulantes, Usti, */82 CBS 707.71T Aspergillus bisporus Ochraceorosei, Sparsi, (Aeni) */96 CBS 101887 Aspergillus ochraceoroseus */59 */* CBS 116.56T Aspergillus funiculosus */90 CBS 139.61NT Aspergillus sparsus CBS 468.65NT Aspergillus biplanus */85 CBS 476.65NT Aspergillus conjunctus */* NRRL 1NT Aspergillus clavatus */90 CBS 558.71T Neocarpenteles acanthosporus */* CBS 157.66NT Dichotomomyces cejpii subgenus Fumigati Aspergillus */* NT */96 NRRL 181 Neosartorya fischeri Incl. sections Fumigati, Clavati Af293 Aspergillus fumigatus */* NT and Cervini */51 CBS 538.65 Aspergillus kanagawaensis CBS 196.64NT Aspergillus cervinus */* CBS 109945T Phialosimplex chlamydosporus */* CBS 128032T Phialosimplex canicus */* CBS 380.74T Basipetospora halophilica */* CBS 384.61T Polypaecilum insolitum Phialosimplex & Polypaecilum Aspergillus */* CBS 101166 Polypaecilum pisci -/- CBS 366.77T Phialosimplex sclerotialis */89 CBS 578.65NT Aspergillus pulvinus */94 CBS 525.83T Cristaspora arxii */97 CBS 104.07NT Aspergillus wentii Aspergillus section Cremei Aspergillus CBS 127.61NT Aspergillus brunneo-uniseriatus */64 */* CBS 516.65NT Eurotium herbariorum */77 CBS 518.65NT Eurotium amstelodami */* subgenus Aspergillus CBS 117.33NT Aspergillus restrictus DTO 11C3 Aspergillus penicillioides Incl. sections Restricti, Aspergillus Aspergillus Wisconsin 54-1255 Penicillium chrysogenum SIM 70 (2011) 1-51 Distribution of Aspergillus sections based on sequence-based identification in the transplant associated infection surveillance network Usti Nidulantes Nigri Terrei 3% 3% 9% 5% Flavi 13% Fumigati 67% J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 3138-41; 3271-75 Polyphasic DNA (ITS, -tubulin, calmodulin, Actin, TEF) taxonomic concept Morphology (colony & micromorphology) for Aspergilli Physiology (effect of temperature/pH, C-source utilization, CREA) Species Extrolites (Ehrlich test, HPLC-DAD) Ecology (host, geographical origin) Genetics Genomics (mating tests, VCG) (comparative genomics) Species with Species with known genome sequencing genome sequences in progress • Aspergillus fumigatus (3 isolates) • Aspergillus tubingensis • Aspergillus clavatus • Aspergillus welwitschiae • Aspergillus brasiliensis • Aspergillus flavus • Aspergillus kawachii (?) • Aspergillus nidulans • Aspergillus luchuensis • Aspergillus niger (3 isolates) • Aspergillus sojae • Aspergillus oryzae • Aspergillus versicolor • Aspergillus terreus • Aspergillus sydowii • Neosartorya fischeri • Aspergillus wentii • Aspergillus carbonarius • Aspergillus glaucus • Aspergillus aculeatus • Aspergillus zonatus • Aspergillus parasiticus • Aspergillus cervinus • Aspergillus sparsus • Aspergillus tubingensis • Aspergillus penicillioides Aspergillus section Fumigati Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius 1863 • A. fumigatus is the most frequent cause of IA in most medical centers • People at risk are transplant recipients, patients with HIV/AIDS, with chronic granulomatous disease, with severe combined immunodeficiency, etc. • ca. 350 000 patients suffer from IA worldwide according to Fungal Research Trust (2011) • Able to grow at/above 50°C Fresenius’s original drawing of A. fumigatus conidial heads Aspergillus fumigatus CYA MEA Fast-growing blue- green Typical columnar heads colonies covering the entire MEA plate in 5-7 days at 37°C Aspergillus fumigatus Typical isolates Conidiophores in sputum Clinical isolates Synonyms of A. fumigatus described from clinical material • A. aviarius Peck 1891 • A. bronchialis Blumentritt 1901 • A. septatus Sartory & Sartory 1943 • A. fumigatus var. ellipticus Raper & Fennell 1965 • A. fumigatus var. minimus Sartory 1919 • A. phialiseptatus Kwon-Chung 1975 • A. neoellipticus Kozakiewicz 1989 • A. acolumnaris Kozakiewicz 1989 • A. arvii Aho et al. 1994 • A. syncephalis Gueguen 1904 • A. lignieresi Cost. & Lucet 1905 Tree of N. warcupii NRRL 35723 A. unilateralis CBS 126.56 N. papuensis CBS 841.96 Aspergillus N. assulata KACC 41691 100 N. aurata CBS 466.65 N. stramenia CBS 498.65 section Fumigati N. galapagensis CBS 117522 N. multiplicata CBS 646.95 N. australensis CBS 112.55 N. fennelliae CBS 598.74 based on -tubulin 86 100 N. denticulata CBS 652.73a N. ferenczii NRRL 4179 sequence data N. glabra CBS 111.55 N. nishimurae IFM 54133 A. turcosus KACC 42091 N. tatenoi CBS 407.93 97 N. aureola CBS 105.55 N. udagawae CBS 114217 A. viridinutans CBS 127.56 95 A. laciniosa KACC 41657 N. spinosa CBS 483.65 76 98 A. fumigatiaffinis IBT 12703 A. novofumigatus IBT 16806 N. coreana KACC 41659 86 N. fischeri CBS 544.65 85 A. fumigatus CBS 133.61 99 A. lentulus FH5 A. fumisynnematus IFM 42277 N. hiratsukae CBS 294.93 N. spathulata CBS 408.89 N. pseudofischeri CBS 208.92 N. quadricincta CBS 135.52 A. brevipes CBS 118.53 A. duricaulis CBS 481.65 100 A. clavatus CBS 513.65 0.02 Stud Mycol 2007; 59: 147-203 Species identification • Anamorphs can hardly be distinguished by morphological means • ITS can be used to define “species complexes” (e.g. A. fumigatus complex, A. niger complex) • If more precise identification is needed, the use sequences of parts of other genes (e.g. calmodulin, -tubulin) A. fumigatus A. lentulus A. fumisynnematus A. fumigatiaffinis Distribution of section Fumigati strains not growing at 48°C in Spain A. viridinutans A. thermomutatus 14% 7% A. fumigatiaffinis 7% A. lentulus 50% A. fumisynnematus 4% A. hiratsukae 18% Antimibrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 1244-1251 Clinical presentation of feline SOA SOA clinical signs: • exophthalmos • corneal ulceration • oral mass / ulcer • nasal signs variably present • paranasal soft tissue swelling • neurological signs 15% cases Dr.Dr. M.M. DowdenDowden Dr. J. Angles Dr. E. Koelmeyer 35 Pathogenesis - SOA • Progression from SNA, an invasive mycosis • Lysis of orbital bone most common site for spread into orbit Aspergillus felis sp. nov. An emerging pathogen in cats, dogs and humans V. Barrs1, T. van Doorn2, P. Martin1, J. Houbraken2,S. Kidd3, M. Richardson, D. Pinheiro, J. Varga, R. A. Samson2. 1Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, University of Sydney 2CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht 3Mycology Unit, W & C Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Aspergillus felis sp. nov. Barrs et al PLOS One 2013 2 μm A. felis - host range & disease • Dogs (n=1): •9 y MN Old English Sheepdog systemic aspergillosis •IMHA – prednisolone, cyclosporin • Humans (n=5): •A cause of chronic IPA - refractory to Rx (ITZ, POS,VCZ, CSF). •Phylogenetic evidence – 4 other human isolates: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (Spain) Sputum (Spain) Nail (Spain) Clinical specimen (Japan) MAT-1 MAT-2 cleistothecia anamorph complementary mating types teleomorph Heterothallic fungus 100 μm cleistothecium 8-spored asci ascospore 82 131F9 131G2 131F2 84 131E6 Aspergillus felis sp. nov. 131F6 131G3 131E5 88 99 131G1 A. fumigatus var. sclerotiorum CBS 458.75T 87 98 “A. viridinutans” NIHAV2 Aspergillus sp. nov. 90 “A. viridinutans” IMI 182127 99 N. udagawae CBS 114217 99 N. aureola CBS 105.55 A. viridinutans CBS 127.56 A. viridinutans KACC 41142 100 A. viridinutans IMI 367415 N. spinosa CBS 483.65 A. fumigatiaffinis IBT 12703 A. novofumigatus IBT 16806 96 A. lentulus FH5 91 131F5 A. fumisynnematus IFM 42277 N. fischeri CBS 544.65 A. fumigatus CBS 133.61 131E8 100 131F7 131F8 N. fennelliae CBS 598.74 N. hiratsukae CBS 294.93 N. pseudofischeri CBS 208.92 99 131G4 A. clavatus CBS 513.65 0.05 Emerg Infect
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