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Pestalotiopsis—Morphology, Phylogeny, Biochemistry and Diversity
Fungal Diversity (2011) 50:167–187 DOI 10.1007/s13225-011-0125-x Pestalotiopsis—morphology, phylogeny, biochemistry and diversity Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura & Liang-Dong Guo & Ekachai Chukeatirote & Ali H. Bahkali & Kevin D. Hyde Received: 8 June 2011 /Accepted: 22 July 2011 /Published online: 31 August 2011 # Kevin D. Hyde 2011 Abstract The genus Pestalotiopsis has received consider- are morphologically somewhat similar. When selected able attention in recent years, not only because of its role as GenBank ITS accessions of Pestalotiopsis clavispora, P. a plant pathogen but also as a commonly isolated disseminata, P. microspora, P. neglecta, P. photiniae, P. endophyte which has been shown to produce a wide range theae, P. virgatula and P. vismiae are aligned, most species of chemically novel diverse metabolites. Classification in cluster throughout any phylogram generated. Since there the genus has been previously based on morphology, with appears to be no living type strain for any of these species, conidial characters being considered as important in it is unwise to use GenBank sequences to represent any of distinguishing species and closely related genera. In this these names. Type cultures and sequences are available for review, Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis and some related genera the recently described species P. hainanensis, P. jesteri, P. are evaluated; it is concluded that the large number of kunmingensis and P. pallidotheae. It is clear that the described species has resulted from introductions based on important species in Pestalotia and Pestalotiopsis need to host association. We suspect that many of these are be epitypified so that we can begin to understand the probably not good biological species. -
Distribution of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Fungi and Conservation of the Free- 2 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase in Multicellular Eukaryotes
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free- 2 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes 3 4 Hayat Hage1, Marie-Noëlle Rosso1, Lionel Tarrago1,* 5 6 From: 1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 7 Marseille, France. 8 *Correspondence: Lionel Tarrago ([email protected]) 9 10 Running title: Methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi 11 12 Keywords: fungi, genome, horizontal gene transfer, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfoxide 13 reductase, protein oxidation, thiol oxidoreductase. 14 15 Highlights: 16 • Free and protein-bound methionine can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). 17 • Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) reduce MetO in most organisms. 18 • Sequence characterization and phylogenomics revealed strong conservation of Msr in fungi. 19 • fRMsr is widely conserved in unicellular and multicellular fungi. 20 • Some msr genes were acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfers. 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
ABSTRACT LEWIS, MARY HUNT. Genetic Structure of Soil
ABSTRACT LEWIS, MARY HUNT. Genetic Structure of Soil Populations of Aspergillus Section Flavi and Efficacy of Biocontrol of Aflatoxin Contamination in Corn. (Under the direction of Dr. Ignazio Carbone and Dr. Peter S. Ojiambo). Corn is contaminated with aflatoxin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin, when aflatoxigenic strains within Aspergillus section Flavi infect corn kernels. Biocontrol using non- aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus have been shown to have the greatest potential to control aflatoxin contamination in corn. However, factors that influence the efficacy of biocontrol agents in different locations are not fully understood. One factor affecting the effectiveness biocontrol could be the genetic structure of the native soil populations of Aspergillus section Flavi. In this study, we investigated how the genetic structure of native soil populations of Aspergillus section Flavi could impact the effectiveness of two commercially available biological control products in different locations in the southeastern US. Field trials were conducted in Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Biocontrol products AF36 and Afla-Guard® were applied to the corn at the VT stage. Soil samples were collected prior to and 1-week after biocontrol application and at harvest to determine the genetic structure of soil populations. In all states, A. flavus (61-100%) was the most dominant species within section Flavi, with A. parasiticus (<35%) being the second- most frequently isolated species. A. nomius, A. caelatus and A. tamarii were detected only in Alabama, but at very low frequencies (<5%). Multi-locus sequence typing revealed that prior to biocontrol application in North Carolina in 2012, 48% of the isolates were the same haplotype as the biocontrol strain Afla-Guard, which belongs to lineage IB, while only 6% were of the same haplotype as AF36, which belongs to lineage IC. -
Aspergillus Tubingensis Causes Leaf Spot of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) in Pakistan
Phyton, International Journal of Experimental Botany DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2020.08010 Article Aspergillus tubingensis Causes Leaf Spot of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Pakistan Maria Khizar1, Urooj Haroon1, Musrat Ali1, Samiah Arif2, Iftikhar Hussain Shah2, Hassan Javed Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis1,* 1Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Department of Plant Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China *Corresponding Author: Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis. Email: [email protected] Received: 20 July 2019; Accepted: 12 October 2019 Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a key fiber crop of great commercial importance. Numerous phytopathogens decimate crop production by causing various diseases. During July-August 2018, leaf spot symptoms were recurrently observed on cotton leaves in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan and adjacent areas. Infected leaf samples were collected and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Causal agent of cotton leaf spot was isolated, characterized and identified as Aspergillus tubingensis based on morphological and microscopic observations. Conclusive identification of pathogen was done on the comparative molecular analysis of CaM and β-tubulin gene sequences. BLAST analysis of both sequenced genes showed 99% similarity with A. tubingensis. Koch’s postulates were followed to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus. Healthy plants were inoculated with fungus and similar disease symptoms were observed. Fungus was re-isolated and identified to be identical to the inoculated fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the involvement of A. tubingensis in causing leaf spot disease of cotton in Pakistan and around the world. -
Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues S L T I F U N O N R T O I S P T
Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia m o f r o f e Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues s l t i f u n o n r t o i s p t e a c i h s i c n l e a d i g n i c r x a e o s t m d a l n f m o a o c m d l Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of n o a t a e n a s t o Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from e i o t u i c g b u u o production to commercialisation t d c r o y o r M P p s e u g i r d o R o d e v e z A a n i t s i r C a l u a P 0 1 0 2 | o h n i M U November 2010 Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues Mycobiota and aflatoxigenic profile of Portuguese almonds and chestnuts from production to commercialisation Dissertation for PhD degree in Chemical and Biological Engineering Supervisors Professor Doutor Nelson Lima Doutor Armando Venâncio November 2010 The integral reproduction of this thesis or parts thereof is authorized only for research purposes provided a written declaration for permission of use Universidade do Minho, November 2010 Assinatura: THIS THESIS WAS PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND THROUGH THE GRANT REF . SFRH/BD/28332/2006, AND BY FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA AND POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BRAGANÇA THROUGH THE GRANT REF . -
Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications
Journal of Fungi Review Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications Daniel Torres-Mendoza 1,2 , Humberto E. Ortega 1,3 and Luis Cubilla-Rios 1,* 1 Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; [email protected] (D.T.-M.); [email protected] (H.E.O.) 2 Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama 3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +507-6676-5824 Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 29 April 2020; Published: 1 May 2020 Abstract: Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host’s resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. Weexamined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries. Keywords: endophytic fungi; patents; secondary metabolites; biotransformation; biological activity 1. Introduction The term endophyte refers to any organism (bacteria or fungi) that lives in the internal tissues of a host. -
Identification of Fungi Storage Types by Sequencing Method
Zh. T. Abdrassulova et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 10(3), 2018, 689-692 Identification of Fungi Storage Types by Sequencing Method Zh. T. Abdrassulova, A. M. Rakhmetova*, G. A. Tussupbekova#, Al-Farabi Kazakh national university, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave., 71 *Karaganda State University named after the academician E.A. Buketov #A;-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, al0Farabi Ave, 71 E. M. Imanova, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University, 050000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Aiteke bi Str., 99 M. S. Agadieva, R. N. Bissalyyeva Aktobe regional governmental university named after K.Zhubanov, 030000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Аktobe, A. Moldagulova avenue, 34 Abstract With the use of classical identification methods, which imply the identification of fungi by cultural and morphological features, they may not be reliable. With the development of modern molecular methods, it became possible to quickly and accurately determine the species and race of the fungus. The purpose of this work was to study bioecology and refine the species composition of fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium on seeds of cereal crops. The article presents materials of scientific research on morphological and molecular genetic peculiarities of storage fungi, affecting seeds of grain crops. Particular attention is paid to the fungi that develop in the stored grain. The seeds of cereals (Triticum aestivum L., Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Sorghum vulgare Pers., Panicum miliaceum L.) were collected from the granaries of five districts (Talgar, Iliysky, Karasai, Zhambul, Panfilov) of the Almaty region. The pathogens of diseases of fungal etiology were found from the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus influencing the safety, quality and safety of the grain. -
The Amazing Potential of Fungi in Human Life
ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (AJPS) Volume 5, Issue 3, 2019, PP 12-16 ISSN No.: 2455-1538 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-1538.0503003 www.arcjournals.org The Amazing Potential of Fungi in Human Life Waill A. Elkhateeb *, Ghoson M. Daba Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Division, National Research Centre, Egypt. *Corresponding Author: Waill A. Elkhateeb, Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Division, National Research Centre, Egypt. Abstract: Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an unexploited resource with huge industrial potential. Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms, due to the huge range of habitats that fungi inhabit, fungi represent great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. This review demonstrate that fungal mycelium as a medium, the vegetative part can potentially be utilized in plastic biodegradation and growing alternative and sustainable materials. Innovative fungal mycelium-based biofoam demonstrate that this biofoam offers great potential for application as an alternative insulation material for building and infrastructure construction. Keywords: Degradation of plastic, plastic degrading fungi, bioremediation, grown materials, Ecovative, fungal mycelium-based biofoam 1. INTRODUCTION Plastic is a naturally refractory polymer, once it enters the environment, it will remain there for many years. Accumulation of plastic as wastes in the environment poses a serious problem and causes an ecological threat. [1]. The rapid development of chemical industry in the last century has led to the production of approximately 140 million tons of various polymers annually [2]. -
Isolation and Identification of Some Fruit Spoilage Fungi: Screening of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(4), pp. 443-448, 18 February, 2011 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr DOI: 10.5897/AJMR10.896 ISSN 1996-0808 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Isolation and identification of some fruit spoilage fungi: Screening of plant cell wall degrading enzymes Rashad R. Al-Hindi1, Ahmed R. Al-Najada1 and Saleh A. Mohamed2* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Accepted 17 January, 2011. This study investigates the current spoilage fruit fungi and their plant cell wall degrading enzymes of various fresh postharvest fruits sold in Jeddah city and share in establishment of a fungal profile of fruits. Ten fruit spoilage fungi were isolated and identified as follows Fusarium oxysporum (banana and grape), Aspergillus japonicus (pokhara and apricot), Aspergillus oryzae (orange), Aspergillus awamori (lemon), Aspergillus phoenicis (tomato), Aspergillus tubingensis (peach), Aspergillus niger (apple), Aspergillus flavus (mango), Aspergillus foetidus (kiwi) and Rhizopus stolonifer (date). The plant cell wall degrading enzymes xylanase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and -amylase were screened in the cell-free broth of all tested fungi cultured on their fruit peels and potato dextrose broth (PDB) as media. Xylanase and polygalacturonase had the highest level contents as compared to the cellulase and - amylase. In conclusion, Aspergillus spp. are widespread and the fungal polygalacturonases and xylanses are the main enzymes responsible for the spoilage of fruits. Key words: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, fruits, xylanase, polygalacturonase. INTRODUCTION It has been known that fruits constitute commercially and consumer. -
Safety of the Fungal Workhorses of Industrial Biotechnology: Update on the Mycotoxin and Secondary Metabolite Potential of Asper
View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Mar 29, 2019 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei Frisvad, Jens Christian; Møller, Lars L. H.; Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld; Kumar, Ravi; Arnau, Jose Published in: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Link to article, DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9354-1 Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Frisvad, J. C., Møller, L. L. H., Larsen, T. O., Kumar, R., & Arnau, J. (2018). Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(22), 9481-9515. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9354-1 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella Species Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in France
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Firenze University Press: E-Journals Phytopathologia Mediterranea (2016) 55, 3, 380−390 DOI: 10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-18298 RESEARCH PAPERS Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in France 1,2 3 4,5 2 SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA , PHILIPPE LARIGNON , KEVIN D. HYDE , ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI and ZUO- 1, YI LIU * 1 Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiaohe District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550006 People’s Republic of China 2 Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Oman 3 Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, 7 avenue Cazeaux, 30230 Rodilhan, France 4 Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand 5 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand Summary. Pestalotioid fungi associated with grapevine wood diseases in France are regularly found in vine grow- ing regions, and research was conducted to identify these fungi. Many of these taxa are morphologically indistin- guishable, but sequence data can resolve the cryptic species in the group. Thirty pestalotioid fungi were isolated from infected grapevines from seven field sites and seven diseased grapevine varieties in France. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial β-tubulin (TUB) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) sequence data revealed several species of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella associated with the symp- toms. -
Biodegradation and Up-Cycling of Polyurethanes: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
Biotechnology Advances 48 (2021) 107730 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biotechnology Advances journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Biodegradation and up-cycling of polyurethanes: Progress, challenges, and prospects Jiawei Liu a, Jie He a, Rui Xue a, Bin Xu a, Xiujuan Qian a, Fengxue Xin a, Lars M. Blank b, Jie Zhou a,*, Ren Wei c,*, Weiliang Dong a,*, Min Jiang a a State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China b iAMB — Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt — Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany c Junior Research Group Plastic Biodegradation, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Polyurethanes (PUR) are ranked globally as the 6th most abundant synthetic polymer material. Most PUR ma Polyurethane terials are specifically designed to ensure long-term durability and high resistance to environmental factors. As Microbial degradation the demand for diverse PUR materials is increasing annually in many industrial sectors, a large amount of PUR Enzymatic degradation waste is also being generated, which requires proper disposal. In contrast to other mass-produced plastics such as Plastic hydrolysis PE, PP, and PET, PUR is a family of synthetic polymers, which differ considerably in their physical properties due Metabolic engineering Synthetic biology to different building blocks (for example, polyester- or polyether-polyol) used in the synthesis. Despite its Biotechnological upcycling xenobiotic properties, PUR has been found to be susceptible to biodegradation by different microorganisms, albeit at very low rate under environmental and laboratory conditions.