DOCSLIB.ORG

Bennett's Wordfinder

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bennett's Wordfinder Bennett’s Wordfinder A handy companion to the second edition of the world’s most famous book on modern English usage Introduction It is frustrating when you cannot find information that you think must be in the second edition (1965) of the world’s most famous book on modern English usage (which, for reasons made necessary by law, I shall call that book). I made this word finder to help you find words that are not listed alphabetically in that book. The word abdomen is listed in its natural place in that book, so it is pointless to include abdomen in this word finder. If you want to know something about the word referral, however, you will not be able to find it listed under the r’s in that book. This word finder includes the word referral, and it asks you to look under the article headed -al nouns. Always look in that book first. If Fowler listed a word alphabetically, that word is probably not listed in this word finder. Sometimes a word will appear in this word finder as well as appearing in alphabetical order in that book. This means I have found another reference to the word that you may not have found by looking at the alphabetical listing in that book only; protagonist, for example, appears seven times. Two square brackets after a word mean that I have inserted something I thought would help you. (For example, immoral]] refers the reader to amoral even though immoral is not mentioned in that book under amoral.) You will find many words repeated rather than being listed once with several references being set off, as in most indexes. This saved me a lot of work, and it will not inconvenience you. Set in Times 9/9 and alphabetically sorted using Microsoft Word 6.0. Page layout done on Adobe Pagemaker 6.0. Written, designed and set by Paul Bennett, 21 Coventry Street, Nerang, Queensland, Australia 4211. © 1996 Paul Bennett Publishing susceptible accumulative @ encyclopaedia A abuse @ noun and verb accent accuracy @ historicity a or an? @ a1 abuse @ pronunciation6 accusal @ -al nouns a good deal of @ considerable abyssal @ abysmal accusation @ -al nouns a good few @ few abyssal @ littoral accusative @ cognate a good many @ few academic @ metaphysics accusative @ objective and a great many @ few academic @ strategic(al) subjective a half @ half academic @ worsened words accuse @ charge a half- @ half academy @ college accusing @ -al nouns A-line @ cee-spring academy @ conservatoire ace @ cinque a little knowledge @ acandate @ a- ace @ top misquotations acapsular @ a- achievement @ vogue words4 à merveille @ French words acaulous @ a- achieving @ achieve a number of … @ number6 accede @ spelling points4 Achille’s heel @ generic names à outrance @ à l’outrance accent on syllables ]] @ false aching void @ hackneyed a priori @ a posteriori quantity phrases à toute outrance @ à l’outrance accent @ accent(uate) acid test @ adjectivally a very few @ few accent @ noun and verb accent acid test @ hackneyed phrases abbess @ feminine designations accept @ adhere acid test @ metaphor1 abbettor @ -or accept @ soccer acid test @ popularised abbreviate @ spelling points1&2 acceptable @ in- and un- technicality abbreviations @ period in acceptance of @ adhere acid test @ vogue words5 abbreviations acceptance @ differentiation acknowledgement @ abdomen @ recessive accent acceptance @ pairs and snares acknowledge abductor @ -or acceptation @ acceptance acknowledgement @ judgment Abergavenny @ pronunciation10 acceptation @ differentiation acknowledgment @ abhorrent @ -r-, -rr- acceptation @ pairs and snares acknowledge abidance @ hybrids accessary @ mandatory acknowledgment ]] @ mute ‘e’ ability @ -ty and -ness accession @ access acoustics @ -ics abjection @ -ion and -ness accessory @ accessary acquaintance @ abjectness @ -ion and -ness accidence @ grammar acquantainceship able to be… @ double passives accident @ casualty acquaintanceship @ needless able @ -able -ible1 accident @ soccer variants able @ analogy3 accident ]] @ incident acquire @ get abode @ abide accidental @ fortuitous acquisition @ spelling points1&2 abolishment @ -ion and -ment acclimatation @ acclimatize acquittal @ -al nouns abolition @ -ion and -ment acclimate @ acclimatize acre @ -re and -er abolition @ abolishment acclimation @ acclimatize acreage @ mute ‘e’ abominable @ -able -ible1 acclimatization @ acclimatize acreage @ spelling points4 about @ approximately accommodate @ inhabit acrostic @ incidentally above @ below accommodate @ spelling act and deed @ Siamese twins abridgement @ judgment points1&2 action @ act abridgment @ abridgement accommodation @ collectives action @ reaction abroad @ oversea accommodation @ formal words actionable @ -able -ible4 abrogate @ malapropisms accommodation @ polysyllabic active @ adjectivally absent-mindedly @ -edly humour active @ brash absentee @ -ee accompanier @ -ist, -alist, -tist actor @ -or absolute majority @ plurality accompanist @ -ist, -alist, -tist actor @ comedian absolute @ implicit accompanist @ accompan(y)ist actress @ feminine designations absolute @ overall accompanyist @ -ist, -alist, -tist actual @ didacticism absolutely @ total accompanyist @ accompan(y)ist actual @ Gallicisms absolutely ]] @ quite accomplish @ accomplice actual @ tactile absorbedly @ -edly accomplishedly @ -edly actuality @ Gallicisms absquatulate @ facetious accord @ chord actuality @ literary critic formations accord @ extend actualize @ new verbs in -ize abstemious @ grievous according to @ different actually @ fact abstentients @ analogy2 according to @ quasi-adverbs actually @ incidentally abstention @ analogy2 according @ according as actually @ meaningless words abstractedly @ -edly account @ -al nouns actuate @ activate abstraction @ -ion and -ness account @ accord acuity @ -ty and -ness abstractness @ -ion and -ness accountable @ -able -ible4 acute @ aphaeresia absurdity @ Gallicisms accountable @ in- and un- acute @ pronunciation6 absurdly @ sensible, sensitive, accoutring @ spelling points4 acutely @ sensible, sensitive, susceptible advance @ pairs and snares aftermath @ popularised acuteness @ -ty and -ness advancement @ long variants3 technicality acuteness @ acuity advancement @ pairs and snares aftername ]] @ forename ad argumentum @ argumentum advantage @ asset afternoon @ forenoon ad advantage @ opportunity afterwards @ -ward ad baculinum @ argumentum ad adventurer @ chevalier Agamemnon @ trilogy ad baculum @ argumentum ad d’industrie age @ time ad crumenam @ argumentum ad adventuresome @ adventurous aged @ intransitive pp ad hominem @ argumentum ad adventuress @ feminine ageing @ mute ‘e’ ad ignorantium @ argumentum designations agend @ agenda ad adverb position @ position of agenda @ -um ad populum @ argumentum ad adverb agenda, agendum @ Latin ad verecundiam @ argumentum adverbs @ unidiomatically plurals ad adverbally @ adjectivally agendum @ agenda ad @ argumentum adverbial @ cognate agent @ false quantity ad @ curtailed words adverbially @ adjectivally aggrandize @ recessive accent adaption @ adaptation adversary @ mandatory aggrandizement @ aggrandize adaptor @ -or adverse @ misprints aggravation @ aggravate add @ foot advert @ archaism aggregate @ overall addendum ]] @ Latin plurals advertise @ -ize aggression @ doubletalk adder @ aphaeresia advice @ council aggression @ euphemisms Adelphi @ Latin plurals advice @ licence agile @ tactile adhesion @ adhere advice @ noun and verb accent ago @ incompatibles adieu (pl) @ x advise @ -ize agree to @ agree adipose @ pedantic humour advise @ commercialese agreeable @ -able -ible4 adjectival @ adjectivally advise @ licence agreeably @ different adjective law @ substantial, advise @ noun and verb accent agreeal @ -al nouns substantive advise ]] @ inform agreeing to @ different adjectively @ adjectivally advisedly @ -edly agreement @ -al nouns Adjutant Generals @ plural advisor ]] @ -or agriculturalist @ -ist, -alist, -tist anomalies advocate @ participles5 agriculturist @ -ist, -alist, -tist administer @ long variants1&2 advocate @ protagonist agriculturist @ agriculturalist administrate @ long variants1&2 Aenas @ Mahomet ahmen @ amen administrative @ executive æon @ aeon aid and abet @ Siamese twins administratrix @ -trix aeon @ time aidable @ in- and un- admirable @ -er and -est5 aerial @ aerate aim at doing @ Americanisms admiral @ align aerie @ aery aim to do @ Americanisms admissible @ admission aerodrome @ aero- air- aimless @ purposive admit of @ allow of aerodrome @ syndrome air @ eyot admit to @ admit2 aeroplane @ aerate air @ homophone admit @ admission aeroplane @ aero- air- aircraft @ aerate admit @ appreciate Aeschylus/Æschylus @ spelling aircraft @ aero- air- admittable @ admission points3 airfield @ aero- air- admittance @ admission Æschylus/Aeschylus @ spelling airodrome @ aero- air- admittedly @ -edly points3 airoplane @ aero- air- admonishment @ -ion and -ment æsthete]] @ aesthete airplane @ aero- air- admonition @ -ion and -ment aesthetic @ aesthete airport @ aero- air- adolescent @ teenager affable @ -able -ible4 airstrip @ aero- air- Adonais @ elegy affect @ pairs and snares airwoman @ feminine adoptive @ adopted affect @ reaction designations adult @ noun and adjective affirmative @ negative airworthy @ worthy3 accent affirmative ]] @ quite airy talk @ persiflage adulteration @ differentiation affix @ stem, n aisle @ align adulteress @ feminine afflatus @ -us -al on nouns @ noun-adjective designations afflict @ inflict alabaster @ transparent adultery @ differentiation affray @ incident alarm clock @ alarm adultery @ euphemisms Afghan Frontier @ portmanteau
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CLIPP Christiani Lehmanni Inedita, Publicanda, Publicata Pleonasm and Hypercharacterization
    CLIPP Christiani Lehmanni inedita, publicanda, publicata titulus Pleonasm and hypercharacterization huius textus situs retis mundialis http://www.uni-erfurt.de/ sprachwissenschaft/personal/lehmann/CL_Publ/ Hypercharacterization.pdf dies manuscripti postremum modificati 23.02.2006 occasio orationis habitae 11. Internationale Morphologietagung Wien, 14.-17.02.2004 volumen publicationem continens Booij, Geert E. & van Marle, Jaap (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 2005. Heidelberg: Springer annus publicationis 2005 paginae 119-154 Pleonasm and hypercharacterization Christian Lehmann University of Erfurt Abstract Hypercharacterization is understood as pleonasm at the level of grammar. A scale of strength of pleonasm is set up by the criteria of entailment, usualness and contrast. Hy- percharacterized constructions in the areas of syntax, inflection and derivation are ana- lyzed by these criteria. The theoretical basis of a satisfactory account is sought in a holis- tic, rather than analytic, approach to linguistic structure, where an operator-operand struc- ture is formed by considering the nature of the result, not of the operand. Data are drawn from German, English and a couple of other languages. The most thorough in a number of more or less sketchy case studies is concerned with German abstract nouns derived in -ierung (section 3.3.1). This process is currently so productive that it is also used to hy- percharacterize nouns that are already marked as nominalizations. 1 1. Introduction Hypercharacterization 2 (German Übercharakterisierung) may be introduced per ostensionem: it is visible in expressions such as those of the second column of T1. T1. Stock examples of hypercharacterization language hypercharacterized basic surplus element German der einzigste ‘the most only’ der einzige ‘the only’ superlative suffix –st Old English children , brethren childer , brether plural suffix –en While it is easy, with the help of such examples, to understand the term and get a feeling for the concept ‘hypercharacterization’, a precise definition is not so easy.
    [Show full text]
  • O'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Va O'rta Maxsus Tahlim
    O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TAHLIM VAZIRLIGI ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR NOMIDAGI ANDIJON DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI XORIJIY TILLAR FAKULTETI Ingliz tili fonetikasi kafedrasi Mirzahamdamov Zokirjon (407-guruh) INGLIZ VA O’ZBEK TILLARIDA PLEONAZM VA TAVTOLOGIYANING STILISTIK MOHIYATI 5111400 – xorijiy til va adabiyoti (ingliz tili va adabiyoti) ta’lim yo’nalishi bo’yicha bakalavr akademik darajasini olish uchun yozilgan BITIRUV MALAKAVIY ISH Ish rahbari: assistant O. Yuldasheva Andijon – 2016 3 MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ANDIZHAN STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH PHONETICS Mirzahamdamov Zokirjon Stylistic essence of pleonasm and tautology in English and in Uzbek languages 5111400-English language and literature GRADUATING QUALIFICATION PAPER written to get academic degree of Bachelor Supervisor of the work: Assistant O.Yuldasheva Content: 4 Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3-8 Chapter 1. The stylistic essence of pleonasm and tautology in English and in Uzbek languages 1.1. The stylistic essence of pleonasm and tautology in English language…..…9-12 1.2. The stylistic essence of pleonasm and tautology in Uzbek language…….13-20 Chapter 2. Tautology and pleonasm as a stylistic device 2.1. The stylistic functions of tautology……………………………………….21-26 2.2. The stylistic functions of pleonasm……………………….………………27-34 Chapter 3. Types of tautology and pleonasm 3.1. Types of tautology and pleonasm in English and Uzbek languages…...…35-53 3.2. The usage of pleonasm and tautology in the texts………………………..54-59 3.3. Plan of the demo lesson with different activities and tasks in teaching pleonasm and tautology……………………………………………..…………60-64 Methodological recommendation…………………………….……………..65-66 Conclusion…………………………………………………….………………67-69 Bibliography………………………………………………………………….70-71 5 Plan: Introduction Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 32. Affix Pleonasm 1. Introduction
    1 32. Affix pleonasm 1. Introduction 2. The definitional scope of pleonasm 3. Pleonasm in language 4. Types of affix pleonasm 5. Why affix pleonasm? 6. References Abstract Affix pleonasm is a cross-linguistically widespread phenomenon both in inflection and derivation. This article reviews the terminological confusion that has arisen around this term, surveys pleonasm in language in general and, narrowing down the scope, focuses on occurrences of pleonastic affixation in derivation in the languages of Europe. Additionally, theoretical approaches to the motivations of pleonasm are critically discussed. 1. Introduction While the concept of pleonasm in grammar has not escaped the interest of scholars of language, the terminological landscape surrounding it has been all but homogeneous. As a result, Malkiel’s (1957: 84) complaint about the harmful absence of any terminological agreement on the phenomenon still applies to the current state of linguistic research. The terminological proliferation seems to begin with the introduction of the German term Übertreibung der Kongruenz by Franz Nikolaus Finck (quoted in Glässer 1954: 429), followed by Überkennzeichnung (Horn 1939: 3–4), and the more widespread term ‘hypercharacterization’, which translates the German original Hypercharakterisierung coined by Eduard Schwyzer (1941) and has also been relabeled ‘overcharacterization’. More recent coinages encompass ‘double marking’, ‘exuberant marking’, ‘multiple exponence’, ‘affix repetition’, and sometimes ‘blending’. Focusing on affixation, Meyer-Lübke (1921, § 34) coined the label Einreihung, which Migliorini (1943: 451) rendered in Italian as inquadramento suffissale. The term ‘affix pleonasm’, which is adopted in this article, goes back to the German Pleonasmus, originally used in rhetorics and stilistics and later introduced into linguistics, most prominently, by Paul 1880 (Pleonasmus von Bildungselementen; see also the use of Pleonasmus with respect to the form Prinzessin in Oertel 1830 (s.v.
    [Show full text]
  • New Latin Grammar
    NEW LATIN GRAMMAR BY CHARLES E. BENNETT Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles: Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. —HORACE, Ars Poetica. COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT PREFACE. The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax. C.E.B. ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present book is a revision of my Latin Grammar originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings -īs, -īmus, -ītis are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the Prohibitive. Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalan Pronominalization and Information Structure: the Role of Primary Accent
    CATALAN PRONOMINALIZATION AND INFORMATION STRUCTURE: THE ROLE OF PRIMARY ACCENT MONTSERRAT FORCADELL Abstract Certain aspects of Catalan pronominalization cannot be described without taking into account how informational content is mapped onto sentence structure. In this paper, some data previously considered in the literature (mainly from Todolí’s “Els pronoms”) will be (re)analyzed considering the effects of information packaging articulation in Catalan in order to provide a more unified account. Information structure requirements are relevant for the analysis of the restrictions on pronominalization since, in Catalan, position in sentence structure reflects the pragmatic import of constituents. Viewing clitic binding as a result of a thematization procedure allows for a wider and more coherent approach to pronominalization, since proforms substitute not only for thematic material that is omitted but also for thematic material that is located in dislocated slots. 1. Introduction Pronominalization is an operation by which thematic material in the sentence is substituted by a proform. Thematic material may be either omitted and replaced by the corresponding clitic, or placed in a peripheral, dislocated position in the structure, since in Catalan, thematic material may not appear clause-internally; it must occupy a dislocated position (Vallduví, The Informational Component, “L’oració”). Hence, the existence of marked positions in the sentence should be taken into account when tackling pronominalization data, since material placed in dislocated
    [Show full text]
  • Hypernegation, Hyponegation, and Parole Violations
    BLS 35, No 1 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v35i1.3628 (published by the Berkeley Linguistics Society and the Linguistic Society of America) Hypernegation, Hyponegation, and Parole Violations LAURENCE R. HORN Yale University The classical law of Duplex negatio affirmat, adopted into English grammar by Bishop Lowth (1762), has always had its dissenters.1 While negative concord has been widely studied in the grammar of non-standard English, a number of less familiar mismatches between overt negative markers and interpretable logical negation beyond the clausal boundary emerge from the investigation of varieties of spoken English. I will briefly survey here two sets of constructions that respec- tively contain an apparently superfluous, uninterpreted negative marker or fail to contain an expected one. These are the two categories that I will term HYPERNEGATION and HYPONEGATION respectively.2 The most familiar variety of hypernegation is negative concord, when the ex- pression of sentence negation spreads to indefinites within the clause, as is the rule in many Romance and Slavic languages as well as most varieties of vernacu- lar English. Examples include (1a,b) (here and below, highlighting is added). (1) a. It ain’t no cat can’t get into no coop. (Labov 1972:773) (= standard Eng. ‘No cat can get into any coop’) b.I can’t get no satisfaction. (Jagger & Richards 1965) As the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(I_Can't_Get_No)_Satisfaction wiki-entry on the Rolling Stones’ rock anthem notes, “The title line is an example of a double negative resolving to a negative, a common usage in colloquial English.” The cross-linguistic distribution of negative concord (NC) constructions has received a good deal of attention in recent work, much of it devoted to the relation of NC to negative polarity, the interpretive status of N-WORdS (indefinites with negative force, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference
    DiGS14 14th DIACHRONIC GENERATIVE SYNTAX CONFERENCE http://digs14.clul.ul.pt/ Universidade de Lisboa 4-6 July 2012 [email protected] | Instituto para a Investigação Interdisciplinar | Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2 DiGS 14 14th Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference Lisbon, 4-6 July 2012 CLUL Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa center of linguistics of-the university of Lisbon ‘Linguistic Center of the University of Lisbon’ Table of contents Organizing Committee 2 Scientific Committee 3 Invited Speakers 4 Authors & emails 5 Program 6 Abstracts by author’s last name alphabetical order 9 Organizing Committee ∙ Adriana Cardoso ∙ Juliana Costa Moreira ∙ Rita Marquilhas ∙ Luís Graça ∙ Ana Maria Martins ∙ Sílvia Pereira (∙) Grupo de Dialectologia e Diacronia do CLUL group of dialectology and diachrony of-the CLUL ‘Dialectology and Diachrony Research Group of CLUL’ 2 Scientific Committee Adam Ledgeway Ioanna Sitaridou Adriana Cardoso Joel Wallenberg Ana Maria Brito John Sundquist Ana Maria Martins John Whitman Ann Taylor Judy Bernstein Ans van Kemenade Katalin Kiss Anna Bartra Kaufmann Lobke Aelbrecht Anne Breitbarth Marcel den Dikken Anthony Kroch Maria Francisca Xavier Beatrice Santorini Maria Lobo Caroline Heycock Marie Labelle Charlotte Galves Maria Llüisa Hernanz Chiara Gianollo Marit Julien Chris Reintges Mary Kato Dalina Kallulli Montse Batllori David Lightfoot Paola Crisma David Willis Paul Hirschbühler Edith Aldridge Roland Hinterhölz Elly van Gelderen Sonia Cyrino Eric Haeberli Susan Pintzuk Esther Rinke Susann Fischer Gertjan
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Deviation on William Blake's Selected Poems
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra) Prafitri dan Suhatmady, Semantic Deviation on William Blake`s Selected Poems 105 SEMANTIC DEVIATION ON WILLIAM BLAKE’S SELECTED POEMS Wilma Prafitri Universitas Mulawarman Bibit Suhatmady Universitas Mulawarman Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the existence and the contribution of the semantic deviations in the eight selected poems of William Blake. We tried to answer two problems : what were the semantic deviation found on William Blake's selected poems and how those deviations contributed to the meaning of the poems. Eight poems were selected from the songs of innocence and songs of experience. Furthermore, we used the qualitative content analysis which involved series of activities in analyzing document and described them based on the related theories of research. After analysing the data, we revealed the following findings: (1) the semantic deviation found on William Blake's selected poems was formed by three tropes. There were semantic oddity, transference of meaning and honest deception. (2) those deviations contributed to help the poet transmit his point of view about social condition, religious value, love and human to human relationship. They were also used to make the poems more aesthetical and dense in meaning. Keywords: semantic, deviations, poems, William Blake Abstrak: Dalam studi ini, kami menganalisis keberadaan dan kontribusi deviasi semantik dalam delapan puisi yang dipilih dari karya William Blake. Kami mencoba untuk menjawab dua masalah: deviasi semantik apa saja yang ditemukan dalam puisi terpilih karya William Blake dan bagaimana mereka memberikan kontribusi terhadap penyimpangan arti dari puisi-puisi tersebut.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of the Question of the Affirmation Or Negation of Life in the Face of Suffering Frank M
    Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2017 Health and Sickness: An Examination of the Question of the Affirmation or Negation of Life in the Face of Suffering Frank M. Scavelli Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Comparative Philosophy Commons, Continental Philosophy Commons, and the History of Philosophy Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Scavelli, Frank M., "Health and Sickness: An Examination of the Question of the Affirmation or Negation of Life in the Face of Suffering" (2017). Student Publications. 569. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/569 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Health and Sickness: An Examination of the Question of the Affirmation or Negation of Life in the Face of Suffering Abstract In this thesis, I examine a line of thought that stretches from Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), who regarded his own work merely as an interpretation and continuation Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) philosophy, through Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), who reacted to Schopenhauer’s negation of life with an affirmative philosophy, to Thomas Mann (1875-1955), who, operating from within this tradition, attempted a synthesis of it as well as a critical analysis of some of its aspects and their relation to seemingly-pathological fascistic sentiment he witnessed in the Germany of the 1920s and 30s. This line of thought deals with the essential question of Life.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Pleonasm Detection
    Semantic Pleonasm Detection Omid Kashefi Andrew T. Lucas Rebecca Hwa School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 kashefi, andrew.lucas, hwa @cs.pitt.edu { } Abstract some GEC corpora do annotate some words or phrases as “redundant” or “unnecessary,” they are Pleonasms are words that are redundant. To typically a manifestation of grammar errors (e.g., aid the development of systems that detect we still have room to improve our current pleonasms in text, we introduce an anno- for tated corpus of semantic pleonasms. We val- welfare system) rather than a stylistic redundancy idate the integrity of the corpus with inter- (e.g., we aim to better improve our welfare annotator agreement analyses. We also com- system). pare it against alternative resources in terms of This paper presents a new Semantic Pleonasm their effects on several automatic redundancy Corpus (SPC), a collection of three thousand sen- detection methods. tences. Each sentence features a pair of potentially 1 Introduction semantically related words (chosen by a heuris- tic); human annotators determine whether either Pleonasm is the use of extraneous words in an (or both) of the words is redundant. The corpus expression such that removing them would not offers two improvements over current resources. significantly alter the meaning of the expression First, the corpus filters for grammatical sentences (Merriam-Webster, 1983; Quinn, 1993; Lehmann, so that the question of redundancy is separated 2005). Although pleonastic phrases may serve from grammaticality. Second, the corpus is fil- literary functions (e.g., to add emphasis) (Miller, tered for a balanced set of positive and negative ex- 1951; Chernov, 1979), most modern writing style amples (i.e., no redundancy).
    [Show full text]
  • ED347533.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 347 533 CS 213 423 A1THOR Bailey, Charles-James N. TITLE Why More English InstructionWon't mean Better Grammar. Grammar Series No. 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-881309-01-0 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 42p.; Published by Orchid LandPublications. AVAILABLE FROMOrchid Land Publications, Kea'au,HI 96749-1416 ($2.60 stitched, including postage). PUB TYPE Viewpoints (Opini'm/PositionPapers, Essays, etc.) (120) -- Guides- Classroom Use - Teaching Guides 1 (For Teacher) (052) 411 EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education;*English Instruction; *Grammar; *Instructional Effectiveness; *Instructional Improvement;*Language Usage; *Traditional Grammar IDENTIFIERS Grammaticality ABS4RACT Written for the educated readercognizant of ordinary grammatical terminology or ableto look it up in a dictionary,this booklet discusses whygrammar seems so intractable. The booklet begins by offering two reasons why more diligent instructionin English grammar will notimprove students' knowledge: (1)what is presented as Englishgrammar bears little relation to theway fe.shionable young people speakand write; anC (2) manyanalyses are wrong, or fail to capture fundamentalprinciples that reveal the natural systematicity of Englishgrammar. The booklet then presents an extended discussion of thesetopics using as examples avariety of grammatical rules and how those rulesare and should be taught. The tooklet concludes thatteaching grammar using theprinciples discussed in the booklet wouldpermit teachers to covermore ground, would yield a betterunderstanding of the systematicityof grammar, and would therefore generate both greater rapport betweentaught and teacher and greater sympathy for the subject. An appendixdiscussing how certain grammaticalconcepts are used in the bookletand a corrigenda list are attached. (RS) *********.A************************************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRSare the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Click to Edit the Title Text Format
    Semantic Pleonasm Detection Click to edit the title text format Semantic Pleonasm Detection Omid Kashefi, Andrew Lucas, Rebecca Hwa Intelligent System Program University of Pittsburgh December, 2018 What is Pleonasm? • Pleonasm • The use of extraneous words in an expression such that removing them would not significantly alter the meaning of the expression. • Pleonasm could have different aspects and formed in different layers of language • Morphemic (e.g., “irregardless”) in the scope of GEC research, especially when they cause errors • Syntactic (e.g., “the most kindest”) • Semantic (e.g. “I received a free gift”) What is Semantic Pleonasm? • Semantic Pleonasm: when the meaning of a word (or phrase) is already implied by other words in the sentence • “A question of style or taste, not grammar” (Evans et al., 1957) • Might have some literary functions • Most modern style guides caution against them in favor of concise writing Challenges of Detecting Semantic Pleonasm • Semantic pleonasm is a complex linguistic phenomenon • There is no appropriate resources to support the development of such systems • Lack of good strategies to build such resources • Some GEC corpora (e.g., NUCLE) have “redundant” annotation: • manifestation of grammar errors • e.g. “we still have room to improve for our current welfare system” • rather than a stylistic redundancy • e.g. “we aim to better improve our welfare system” • Using NUCLE and GEC corpora does not allow us to separate the question of redundancy from grammaticality. Semantic Pleonasm Corpus (SPC) • Raw Data • Round Seven of the Yelp Dataset Challenge • The writing is more casual • The writing is often more emotional • The writing is more likely to contain semantic pleonasms Semantic Pleonasm Corpus (SPC) • Annotation Principles 1.
    [Show full text]