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Περì O̓ρθότητος Ἐ Τύμων Uusiutuva Uralilainen Etymologia

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ΠΕΡI OΡΘΌΤΗΤΌΣ EΤΎΜΩΝ UUSIUTUVA URALILAINEN ETYMOLOGIA Uralica Helsingiensia11 Περì ̓ ρθότητοςo ἐ τύμων Uusiutuva uralilainen etymologia TOIMITTANEET / EDITED BY SAMPSA HOLOPAINEN & JANNE SAARIKIVI HELSINKI 2018 Sampsa Holopainen & Janne Saarikivi (eds): Περı` o̓ ρθότητος ἐ τύμων. Uusiutuva uralilainen etymologia. Uralica Helsingiensia 11. Cover Rigina Ajanki Layout Mari Saraheimo English proofreading Alexandra Kellner ISBN 978-952-7262-04-7 (print) ISBN 978-952-7262-05-4 (online) ISSN 1797-3945 Orders • Tilaukset Printon Tiedekirja <www.tiedekirja.fi> Tallinn 2018 Snellmaninkatu 13 <[email protected]> FI-00170 Helsinki Uralica Helsingiensia Uralica Helsingiensia is a series published by the Finno-Ugrian Society. It features mono- graphs and thematic collections of articles with a research focus on Uralic languages, and it also covers the linguistic and cultural aspects of Estonian, Hungarian and Saami studies at the University of Helsinki. The series has a peer review system, i.e. the manuscripts of all articles and monographs submitted for publication will be refereed by two anonymous reviewers before binding decisions are made concerning the publication of the material. Uralica Helsingiensia on Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran julkaisema sarja, jossa ilmestyy mono- grafioita ja temaattisia artikkelikokoelmia. Niiden aihepiiri liittyy uralilaisten kielten tutkimuk- seen ja kattaa myös Helsingin yliopistossa tehtävän Viron kielen ja kulttuurin, Unkarin kielen ja kulttuurin sekä saamentutkimuksen. Sarjassa noudatetaan refereekäytäntöä, eli julkaistavaksi esitettävien tutkimusten käsikirjoitus annetaan kahden nimettömän asiantuntijan arvioitavaksi ennen kuin lopullinen julkaisupäätös tehdään. Publisher • Julkaisija Finno-Ugrian Society • Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura Editors • Päätoimittajat Ulla-Maija Forsberg, Riho Grünthal Editorial board • Toimitusneuvosto Márta Csepregi, Cornelius Hasselblatt, Magdolna Kovács, Johanna Laakso, Helle Mets- lang, Matti Miestamo, Irma Mullonen, Karl Paju salu, Janne Saari kivi, Anneli Sarhimaa, Elena Skribnik www.sgr.fi/uh The publications are indexed in ARTO data base with the index Urbis. Julkaisut luetteloidaan ja indeksoidaan ARTO-tietokantaan tunnuksella Urbis. Sisällys / Contents Esipuhe / Introduction 7 Juha Kuokkala Finnic-Saamic labial vowels in non-initial syllables: An etymological evaluation 11 Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio) Notes on the development of some consonant clusters in Hungarian 77 Niklas Metsäranta Marin ja permiläisten kielten jakamista äänteenmuutoksista – aitoa konvergenssia vai kielikunnan sisäistä lainautumista? 91 Sampsa Holopainen Indo-Iranian loanwords confined to Saami? 135 Jeongdo Kim Uusia etävastineita suomen onomatopoieettisille sanoille 181 Katja Heikkonen Äännesymbolisen sanaston etymologioinnin ongelmia 205 Santeri Junttila Mitä tapahtui kantasuomen lyhyelle *o:lle Kuurinmaan liivissä? 229 Petri Kallio Ensitavun diftongit kantasuomessa 251 Janne Saarikivi Finnic and other Western Uralic borrowings in Permian 269 Sofia Björklöf Uusia lainaetymologioita viron koillisrannikon rantamurteen länsiryhmässä 357 Kirjoittajat / List of contributors 488 Esipuhe Tämä nide sisältää pääasiassa Helsingin yliopiston tutkijoiden ja jatko-opiskelijoiden artikkeleita uralilaisesta etymologiasta ja äänne- historiasta. Mukana on lisäksi yksi Turun yliopiston jatko-opiskelija Katja Heikkonen sekä Koutokeinossa sijaitsevan Saamelaisen korkea- koulun professori Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio). Pää- osa kirjoittajajoukosta koostuu nuorista tutkijoista. Etymologia on aina ollut historiallis-vertailevan uralistiikan kes- kipisteessä. Viimeisen parin vuosikymmenen aikana uralilaisen kie- likunnan äänne- ja sanastohistorian tutkimus on kehittynyt nopeasti. Monet perinteiset käsitykset mm. uralilaisten kielten välisistä äänne- suhteista, eri kantakieliin palautuvan sanaston määrästä ja kielihaa- rojen välisistä kontakteista on kyseenalaistettu. Jopa melko uudetkin uralilaisten kielten etymologiset sanakirjat ovat jo paljolti vanhentu- neita ja historiallis-vertailevan uralistiikan kenttä on ehkä suuremman paradigmanvaihdoksen edessä kuin vuosikymmeniin. Vuosina 2013–2018 toteutettiin Helsingin yliopiston suomalais- ugrilaisten kielten oppiaineessa Koneen säätiön rahoittama hanke Periytyminen ja lainautuminen uralilaisten kielten historiassa. Tässä kirjassa julkaistut artikkelit liittyvät hankkeen tematiikkaan ja pyrki- vät osaltaan uudistamaan uralilaisten kielten etymologisen tutkimuk- sen traditiota. Helsingin yliopisto on jo vuosikymmeniä ollut uralilai- sen etymologian keskus ja tämä kokoelma osoittaa, että perinne jatkuu vahvana. Samalla kiinnostus uralilaiseen etymologiaan ylittää aine- ja yliopistorajat. Erityisesti saamelaiskieliin kohdistuva tutkimus tuo jat- kuvasti uusia merkittäviä avauksia uralilaisen etymologian piiriin. Kirjan artikkelit edustavat monenlaista uralilaisen etymologian tutkimusta. Perintösanasto on tärkeässä osassa monessa artikkeleista, ja sen kytkös äännehistoriaan tulee selvästi esille. Esimerkiksi Ante Aikion artikkeli esittelee uusia äänteellisiä selityksiä unkarin aiemmin tuntemattomalle uralilaiselle sanastolle ja Juha Kuokkalan artikkelissa arvioidaan vanhoja olettamuksia jälkitavun labiaalivokaalien alkupe- rästä uuden systemaattisen lähestymistavan avulla. Santeri Junttilan Περı` o̓ ρθότητος ἐ τύμων. Uusiutuva uralilainen etymologia. 7–9. Uralica Helsingiensia 11. Helsinki 2018. SAMPSA HOLOPAINEN & JANNE SAARIKIVI artikkelissa esitetään uusi äännehistoriallinen hypoteesi liiviläisen sanaston tulkitsemiseksi. Omaperäiseen sanastoon kohdistuvat myös Jeongdo Kimin ja Katja Heikkosen artikkelit, joiden keskiössä on äänteellisesti motivoituneiden sanojen kehitys uusista näkökulmista tarkasteltuna. Kielikunnan sisäiset lainasuhteet epäsäännöllisten äännesuhtei- den selittäjänä ovat tärkeässä osassa artikkeleissa. Janne Saarikiven pitkä artikkeli käsittelee itämerensuomen ja permiläisten kielten suh- detta lainaolettaman valossa ja Niklas Metsärannan artikkeli permin suhdetta mariin samasta lähtökohdasta. Vastaava tematiikka on myös Sofia Björklöfin artikkelissa, joka käsittelee viron itämerensuomalai- sia lainoja. Teos sisältää myös perinteisiä lainakerrostumia käsittele- viä artikkeleja. Sampsa Holopaisen artikkelissa käsitellään saamelais- kieliin rajoittuvia indoiranilaisia lainaetymologioita. Kirjan toimitustyö kesti huomattavasti kauemmin kuin arvioim- me. Moni kirjoittajista on joutunut odottamaan tekstinsä ilmestymistä kohtuuttoman kauan ja toimittajat pahoittelevat tätä. Yksikään artik- keli ei silti ole vanhentunut, vaan kaikki sisältävät tärkeitä uusia ha- vaintoja. Samalla kiitämme Suomalais-Ugrilaista Seuraa siitä, että se otti teoksen Uralica Helsingiensia -julkaisusarjaansa. Kiitämme myös taittaja Mari Saraheimoa, kielentarkastaja Alexandra Kellneria ja Nora Fabritiusta, joka on tehnyt sivulla 343 olevan kartan. Platon asetti dialogissaan Kratylos vastakkain kaksi näkemystä sanoista. Ensimmäisen mukaan sanat ovat alkuaan luonnollisia, toi- sin sanoen kuvaavat nimeämiään asioita jossain tietyssä suhteessa kuvattuun. Toisen mukaan sanat ovat sattumanvaraisia eli arbitraa- risia. Hänen dialoginsa alaotsikko oli nimien oikeellisuudesta, Περὶ ὀρθότητος ὀνομάτων. Etymologinen tutkimus on myöhemmin osoit- tanut, että sanojen historiaan kuuluu sekä luonnollisia piirteitä, kuten äännesymboliikkaa, johtamista ja yhdistämistä, että monin tavoin ai- nutkertaisia lainautumisia ja merkityksenmuutoksia, eli sattumaa. Sii- tä kirjan nimi Περὶ o̓ ρθότητος ἐ̓ τύμων, alkuperien eli etymologioiden oikeellisuudesta. Helsingissä 19.6.2018 Toimittajat 8 ESIPUHE This book contains articles by young researchers of etymology from the University of Helsinki, as well as additional articles from research- ers at the Saami University College (Guovdageaidnu, Sápmi = Kou- tokeino, Norway) and the University of Turku. The University of Hel- sinki has traditionally been an important research center for Uralic etymology, and this collection of articles demonstrates that it contin- ues to function as a hub for etymological research on many northern Eurasian languages. The articles in this volume deal with almost all branches of the Uralic family. They explore the new paradigms of historical-compar- ative studies, taking into account internal borrowings within the lan- guage family, as well as evidence from Indo-European loanwords. The editors hope that this books stimulates interest in Uralic ety- mology also in international arenas beyond the immediate scope of Uralic studies. The editors wish to express their gratitude to Alexandra Kellner, who did the English proofreading, Mari Saraheimo, who did the tech- nical editing and Nora Fabritius, who made the map on the page 343. 9 JUHA KUOKKALA University of Helsinki Finnic-Saamic labial vowels in non-initial syllables: An etymological evaluation Abstract In the current article, a critical analysis is conducted of the corpus of proposed Finnic-Saamic etymological cognates showing second-syllable labial vowels in both language groups. The data is taken from the etymological dictionary Suomen sano- jen alkuperä (SSA, 1992–2000) and assessed in the light of cur- rent research on Uralic sound history and language contacts. The analysis reveals that more than half of the cognate pairs previously suggested by SSA cannot be regarded as actual cognates includ- ing their stem vowels, but should instead be viewed as the results of loan contacts and parallel developments. There are, however, a dozen cognate pairs with
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    FENNO-UGRICA SUECANA Nova series Journal of Fenno -Ugric R esearch in Scandinavia 15 Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska Stockholm 2016 FENNO-UGRICA SUECANA Nova series Journal of Fenno-Ugric Research in Scandinavia 15 Editor-in-chief: Jarmo Lainio Issue editors: Peter S. Piispanen & Merlijn de Smit Editorial board: Jarmo Lainio, Stockholm Peter S. Piispanen, Stockholm Merlijn de Smit, Stockholm/Turku Stockholm 2016 © 2016 The authors Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska ISSN 0348-3045 ISBN 978-91-981559-0-7 FENNO-UGRICA SUECANA – Nova series 15 ARTICLES • Peter Piispanen : Statistical Dating of Finno-Mordvinic Languages through Comparative Linguistics and Sound Laws, p. 1 – 58 • Ante Aikio & Jussi Ylikoski: The origin of the Finnic l-cases, p. 59 – 158 • Håkan Rydving: Sydsamisk eller umesamisk? ”Södra Tärna” i det samiska språklandskapet, p. 159 – 174 • Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi : Ruotsinsuomalaisten opiskelijoiden kirjallisen tuotoksen morfosyntaksin ja sanaston virheanalyysia, p. 175 – 200 REVIEW No reviews in this issue. REPORTS • Lasse Vuorsola : Atmosfärförändring inom klimatdebatten, p. 201 – 207 REVIEW ARTICLE No review articles in this issue. FUS 15, 2016, ISSN 0348-3045, ISBN 978-91-981559-0-7 (online) Fenno-Ugrica Suecana – Nova Series This is the second issue of the revitalized Fenno-Ugrica Suecana series (now additionally termed ‘Nova Series‘), which continues to focus on issues concerning Fenno-Ugristics and Fennistics, in a wide sense. We invite researchers, teachers and other scientifically interested persons to send us contributions for publication. The planned annual deadlines are October 15th in the fall and February 15th in the spring.
  • Club Health Assessment MBR0087

    Club Health Assessment MBR0087

    Club Health Assessment for District 107 A through November 2015 Status Membership Reports LCIF Current YTD YTD YTD YTD Member Avg. length Months Yrs. Since Months Donations Member Members Members Net Net Count 12 of service Since Last President Vice No Since Last for current Club Club Charter Count Added Dropped Growth Growth% Months for dropped Last Officer Rotation President Active Activity Fiscal Number Name Date Ago members MMR *** Report Reported Email ** Report *** Year **** Number of times If below If net loss If no report When Number Notes the If no report on status quo 15 is greater in 3 more than of officers that in 12 within last members than 20% months one year repeat do not have months two years appears appears appears in appears in terms an active appears in in brackets in red in red red red indicated Email red Clubs less than two years old 125168 LIETO/ILMATAR 06/19/2015 Active 26 0 9 -9 -25.71% 0 0 0 N/R Clubs more than two years old 119850 ÅBO/SKOLAN 06/27/2013 Active 19 0 2 -2 -9.52% 19 2 0 1 59671 ÅLAND/FREJA 06/03/1997 Active 32 0 1 -1 -3.03% 31 17 0 24+ 41195 ÅLAND/SÖDRA 04/14/1982 Active 29 0 0 0 0.00% 29 0 T 0 20334 AURA 11/07/1968 Active 37 0 0 0 0.00% 37 0 0 $536.59 98864 AURA/SISU 03/22/2007 Active 19 0 1 -1 -5.00% 24 3 0 2 50840 BRÄNDÖ-KUMLINGE 07/03/1990 Active 14 0 0 0 0.00% 14 0 0 32231 DRAGSFJÄRD 05/05/1976 Active 25 0 1 -1 -3.85% 26 5 0 7 20373 HALIKKO/RIKALA 11/06/1958 Active 32 1 0 1 3.23% 33 1 5 20339 KAARINA 02/21/1966 Active 39 0 0 0 0.00% 38 0 4 32233 KAARINA/CITY 05/05/1976 Active 30 0 0 0 0.00%
  • Anssi Halmesvirta the British Conception of the Finnish

    Anssi Halmesvirta the British Conception of the Finnish

    Anssi Halmesvirta The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760-1918 Societas Historica Finlandiae Suomen Historiallinen Seura Finska Historiska Samfundet Studia Historica 34 Anssi Häme svida The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760 1918 SHS / Helsinki / 1990 Cover by Rauno Endén "The Bombardment of Sveaborg" (9-10 of August, 1855). A drawing by J. W. Carmichael, artist from the Illustrated London News ISSN 0081-6493 ISBN 951-8915-28-8 GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY JYVÄSKYLÄ 1990 Contents PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 8 1. THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY IMAGE OF THE FINN 29 1.1. Some precedents 29 1.2. The naturalists' view 36 1.3. The historians' view 43 1.4. Travel accounts 53 2. ON THE NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER OF CIVILIZATION: THE EVOLUTION OF THE FINNS 81 2.1. The science of race 81 2.2. The place of the Finn in British pre-evolutionary anthropology, 1820-1855 88 2.3. Philology, ethnology and politics: the evolution of Finnish 111 2.4. The political and cultural status of Finland, 1809-1856: British perceptions 130 2.5. Agitation, war and aftermath 150 3. ARYANS OR MONGOLS? — BRITISH THEORIES OF FINNISH ORIGINS 167 4. THE FINNS, THEIR KALEVALA AND THEIR CULTURE.. 191 5. COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROGRESS OF THE FINNS, 1860-1899 209 5 6. BRITISH RESPONSES TO THE FINNISH-RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL CONTENTION, 1899-1918 239 6.1. Immediate reactions 239 6.2. The Finnish question: variations on a Liberal theme 253 6.2.1. The constitutionalist argument 253 6.2.2. A compromise 266 6.2.3.