From commons to companies How Germany handed over its fishing sector to Europe’s biggest fishing company

19.09.2019

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Contents 1 Introduction ...... 3 1.1 From Commons to companies - making the case ...... 3 1.2 Main finds ...... 4 2 The CFP and the German quota sytem ...... 6 2.1 History of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) ...... 6 2.2 The German Quota System ...... 6 3 Parlevliet & Van der Plas (P&P) – Company Overview ...... 9 3.1 The Strategy – integration and market dominance ...... 9 3.2 Overview over subsidiaries ...... 9 3.3 The Parlevliet & Van der Plas Group in Germany ...... 12 3.3.1 History of P&P's involvement in Germany ...... 12 3.3.2 The fleet of Parlevliet & Van der Plas in Germany ...... 13 3.3.3 Overview over German subsidiaries of Parlavliet & Van der Plas ...... 13 4 Fishing for power - Parlevliet and its? issues with the German fisheries sector ...... 17 4.1 Fleet and Quotas ...... 17 4.1.1 Non-transparency of quota distribution ...... 18 4.1.2 The German high seas fleet and Parleviets role...... 19 4.1.3 The lions share - an insight into landings and quotas ...... 19 4.1.4 The history of Parlevliet's quota share ...... 21 4.2 Subsidies ...... 23 4.2.1 Direct EU Support ...... 23 4.2.2 Indirect Support ...... 26 4.2.3 A Piece of the Puzzle: The Euro-Baltic Fish-Processing Plant ...... 28 4.3 Political Influence ...... 31 4.3.1 Norway to the rescue: Industrial Influence on Northern Agreements ...... 31 4.3.2 Industrial Influence on Fishing Policies ...... 32 4.3.3 Producer Organizations ...... 34 5 Annex ...... 39 5.1 Extensive List of P&P fleet ...... 39 5.2 Movement of P&P fleet Germany ...... 41 5.3 Calculation of savings due to fuel exemptions ...... 42 5.4 Excess quota for Germany in the Northeast Atlantic and Baltic Sea ...... 43

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1 Katharina Jantzen et al., “Individual Vessel Quotas in Germany and Denmark: A Fair Distribution Process?,” in Quota Swapping, Relative Stability, and Transparency (Marine Policy, 2015). 2 Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz, “Gesetz Zur Regelung Der Seefischerei Und Zur Durchführung DesFischereirechts Der Europäischen Union (Seefischereigesetz -SeeFischG),” last modified July 12, 1984, accessed September 19, 2019, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/seefischg/SeeFischG.pdf. 3 Katharina Jantzen et al., “Individual Vessel Quotas in Germany and Denmark: A Fair Distribution Process?”

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4 Richard Kleinjans Griffin Carpenter, “WHO GETS TO FISH? THE ALLOCATION OF FISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN EU MEMBER STATES” (WWW.NEWECONOMICS.ORG, March 2017), WWW.NEWECONOMICS.ORG.

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17 “Heiploeg - Some Facts and Figures,” accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.heiploeggroup.com/en- us/company/some-facts-and-figures. 18 “Dutch Seafood Giant P&P Saw 13% Sales Growth in 2017,” Undercurrent News, last modified February 2, 2019, accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2019/02/02/dutch-seafood-giant-pp-saw-20- sales-growth-in-2017/. 19 Lieneke Schuitemaker, “‘Deutsche See Is Added Value for Parlevliet & Van Der Plas’’.’” 20 “The Largest Fishing Company in Europe Came Ashore - NRC.” 21 Birger Nicolai, “Deutsche See an Niederländische Gruppe Parlevliet & Van Der Plas Verkauft,” DIE WELT, February 13, 2018, accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article173519896/Deutsche-See-an- niederlaendische-Gruppe-Parlevliet-Van-der-Plas-verkauft.html. 22 UK FISHERIES LIMITED, “UK FISHERIES LIMITED - Filing History (Free Information from Companies House),” last modified December 31, 2017, accessed September 12, 2019, https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/05219340/filing-history. 23 Fish Information and Sevices, “FIS - Suppliers - Company Details - EURONOR | Comptoir Des Pêches d’Europe Du Nord,” accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.fis.com/fis/companies/details.asp?l=e&filterby=companies&=&country_id=&page=1&company_id=1558 21&submenu=info. 24 “Dutch Seafood Giant P&P Saw 13% Sales Growth in 2017.”

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31 Lieneke Schuitemaker, “‘Deutsche See Is Added Value for Parlevliet & Van Der Plas’’.’” 32 Fischmagazin, “fischmagazin.de - Bremerhaven: Greenpeace behindert Fangschiff ‘Jan Maria,’” last modified January 4, 2012, accessed September 16, 2019, https://www.fischmagazin.de/newsartikel-seriennummer-1902- Bremerhaven+Greenpeace+behindert+Fangschiff+Jan+Maria.htm. 33 Fischmagazin, “fischmagazin.de - ‘Jan Maria’: Freispruch für Doggerbank vom Vorwurf des illegalen ‘Highgradings,’” last modified November 7, 2013, accessed September 16, 2019, https://www.fischmagazin.de/newsartikel-seriennummer-2952.htm. 34 Global Mediator, “Company Profile: Deutsche See,” IntraFish | The Leader in Seafood News, Prices and Market Analysis, last modified October 1, 2018, accessed July 25, 2019, https://www.intrafish.com/news/1586165/company-profile-deutsche-see.

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35 “FAQ: Häufig gestellte Fragen,” Deutsche See, accessed July 18, 2019, www.deutschesee.de/ueber- uns/marken/. 36 DEUTSCHE SEE Holding GmbH, “DEUTSCHE SEE Holding GmbH Bremerhaven Jahresabschluss Zum 30.09.2017,” September 30, 2017, https://www.unternehmensregister.de. 37 DVV Media Group GmbH, “Hochseetrawler „Mark“ überzeugt Eigner,” THB, last modified July 11, 2017, accessed July 18, 2019, https://www.thb.info/rubriken/single-view/news/hochseetrawler-mark-ueberzeugt-eigner.html. 38 German Seafrozen Fish Handelsgesellschaft mbH, “German Seafrozen Fish Handelsgesellschaft MbH Bremerhaven Jahresabschluss Zum Geschäftsjahr Vom 01.01.2017 Bis Zum 31.12.2017.”

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47 Bundesanzeiger Verlag, “Various Yearly Company Reports,” accessed September 20, 2019,

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20 landings landings €/ton Doggerbank share of Excess Quota Doggerbank Doggerbank German fleet German fleet German German landings in Germany 2017 Excess TAC fish species Catch 2017 (t) 2017 (t) 2017 (1000€) landings 2017 (%) (tonnes) catch (tonnes herring 43690 67973 27796 409 64 2942 189 mackarel 24446 24750 22204 897 99 1998 197 blue whiting 45523 45523 16683 366 100 0 cod 3283 53548 18453 345 6 2589 15 subtotal 116942 191794 85136 4.1.4 The history of Parlevliet's quota share .
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23 Hillina Van der Plas H 176 Arctic UK Parlevliet en 1998 3,227 Modernisation Warrior Van der Plas BX 786 Atlantic Germany Parlevliet en 1998 565,047 Modernisation Peace Van der Plas BX 786 Atlantic Germany Parlevliet en 1999 137,430 Modernisation Peace Van der Plas ROS 784 Dirk Germany Parlevliet en 1996 2,291,580 Modernisation Dirk (now Van der Plas KL 843 Naeraberg) ROS 784 Dirk Germany Parlevliet en 2002 1,879,680 Modernisation Dirk (now Van der Plas KL 843 Naeraberg) ROS 786 Germany Parlevliet en 1997 197,391 Modernisation Gerda Maria** Van der Plas ROS 786 Germany Parlevliet en 1997 21,048 Modernisation Gerda Maria** Van der Plas ROS 786 Germany Parlevliet en 2001 1,207,680 Modernisation Gerda Maria** Van der Plas ROS 785 Germany Parlevliet en 1994 6,247,357 Construction Helen Mary Van der Plas ROS 785 Germany Parlevliet en 2002 132,296 Modernisation Helen Mary Van der Plas BX 791 Jan Germany Parlevliet en 1999 3,360,110 Modernisation Maria Van der Plas H 771 Marbella UK Parlevliet en 1996 9,038 Modernisation Van der Plas H 771 Marbella UK Parlevliet en 2005 78,221 Modernisation Van der Plas
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5.4 Excess quota for Germany in the Northeast Atlantic and Baltic Sea Scientific advice and agreed quotas for Europe and Germany for 2017 – collated from 134

133 Jan Willem van Gelder, “Direct and Indirect EU Support for the Members of the Pelagic Freezer-Trawler Association (PFA).” 134 Griffin Carpenter, “Landing the Blame.”

42 Scientific TAC agreed Excess Excess Excess advice by ministers TAC Excess TAC TAC Germany TAC Ger Species Area (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (%) (tonnes) species (t Herring Union and Norwegian waters of IV north of 53° 30’ N 275187 288788 13601 4,9 2403 Herring Union and international waters of Vb Vib and VIaN 0 417 417 Advice = 0! 466 Herring IVc VIId 5046 52954 2494 49,4 35 Herring IIIa 40865 43573 2708 6,6 21 Herring IV VIId and Union waters of IIa 7888 11375 3487 44,2 17 Cod Baltic (22-24) 1588 5597 4009 252,5 855 Cod I IIb 29737 33025 3288 11,1 652 Cod Baltic (25-32)) 24927 30857 5930 23,8 542 Cod Norwegian waters of I and II 20712 23002 229 1,1 277 IV; Union waters of IIa; that part of IIIa not covered by Cod the Skagerrak and Kattegat 274 29327 1927 703,3 250 Cod Skagerrak 4563 4884 321 7,0 7 Cod Kattegat 129 525 396 307,0 5 VIb; Union and International waters of Vb west of 12° Cod 00’ W and of XII and XIV 17 74 57 335,3 1 VI VII VIIIa VIIIb VIIId and VIIIe; Union and Mackerel International waters of Vb; International waters of IIa 376906 407517 30611 8,1 1948 IIIa and IV; Union waters of IIa IIIb IIIc and Sub Mackerel divisions 22-32 32635 35286 2651 8,1 50 Union waters of Iia Iva; VI VIIa-cVIIe-k VIIIa VIIIb VIIId and VIIIe; Union and international waters of Vb; Horse mackerel International waters of XII and XIV 5859 82229 23639 403,5 1826 Dab and flounder Union waters of Iia and IV 10484 18434 795 7,6 1221 IV; Union waters of IIa; that part of IIIa not covered by Plaice the Skagerrak and the Kattegat 9968 119389 19709 197,7 1137 Plaice Skagerrak 14053 16831 2779 19,8 11 Ling Union waters of IV 2149 3494 1345 62,6 83 Union and international waters of VI VII Ling VIII IX X XII and XIV 8423 13696 5273 62,6 72 Ling IIIa; Union waterof IIIbcd 54 87 33 61,1 2 Whiting IV; Union waters of IIa 8952 12566 3614 40,4 87 VI; Union and international waters of Vb; international Whiting waters of XII and XIV 11 213 202 1836,4 1 Anglerfish VII 29535 33516 3981 13,5 41 Anglerfish Union waters of Iia and IV 13125 13521 396 3,0 15 VI; Union and international waters of Vb; international Anglerfish waters of XII and XIV 7426 765 224 3,0 9 Anglerfish Norwegian waters of IV 1456 15 44 3,0 1 Common sole Union waters of Iia and IV 14178 1503 852 6,0 57 Greater silver smelt Union and international waters of V VI and VII 3453 3884 431 12,5 33 Greater silver smelt Union and international waters of I and II 66 90 24 36,4 6 Greater silver smelt Union waters of III and IV 756 1028 272 36,0 2 Sprat IIIa 904 30784 21744 2405,3 33 Sprat VIIde 3678 412 442 12,0 2 Turbot and brill Union waters of Iia and IV 4488 4937 449 10,0 18 Lemon sole and witch flounder Union waters of Iia and IV 5848 6391 543 9,3 10 Blue ling Union and international waters of II and IV 0 53 53Advice = 0! 4 Blue ling Union and international waters of III 0 8 8 Advice = 0! 2 Spurdog/ Union and international waters of I V VI dogfish VII VIII XII and XIV 0 270 270 Advice = 0! 4 (table includes all Species / Areas for which Germany profited from an Excess Quota)

43