Modern Steam- Engine
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The Diffusion of Newcomen Engines, 1706-73: a Reassessment*
1 The Diffusion of Newcomen Engines, 1706-73: A Reassessment* By Harry Kitsikopoulos Abstract The present paper attempts to quantify the diffusion of Newcomen engines in the British economy prior to the commercial application of the first Watt engine. It begins by pointing out omissions and discrepancies between the original Kanefsky database and the secondary literature leading to a number of revisions of the former. The diffusion path is subsequently drawn in terms of adopted horsepower and adjusted for the proportion of the latter being in use throughout the period. This methodology differs from previous studies which quantify diffusion based on the number of steam engines and do not take into account those falling out of use. The results are presented in terms of aggregate, sectoral, and regional patterns of diffusion. Finally, following a long held methodology of the literature on technological diffusion, the paper weighs the number of engines installed by the end of the period in relation to the potential range of adopters. In the end, this method generates a less celebratory assessment regarding the pace of diffusion of Newcomen engines. *The author wishes to thank Alessandro Nuvolari for providing access to the Kanefsky database. Two summer fellowships from the NEH/Folger Institute and Dibner Library (Smithsonian), whose staff was exceptionally helpful (especially Bill Baxter and Ron Brashear), allowed me to draw heavily material from the collection of rare books of the latter. Two graduate students, Lawrence Costa and Michel Dilmanian, proved to be superb research assistants by handling the revisions made by the author to the database, coming up with the graphs, and running the tests involved in the third appendix of the paper as well as writing it. -
P1359 Robust F HD-HDP.Pdf
(2007 =>) Users manual for frontloader ROBUST F HD / HDP 3311981 b Englisch P 1359 STOLL ROBUST F HD / HDP Table of contents page 1 Before operating 3 2 General safety information and prevention of accidents 5 2.1 Safety decal (=> 2007) 12 2.2 Safety decal (2007 =>) 13 3 Technical data 14 4 Description 16 5 Practical Application 18 5.1 Operation 18 5.1.1 Operation 19 5.1.2 Operation 20 5.2 Hydraulic system 21 5.3 Attaching of drive-in loader unit 22 5.4 Removal of the drive-in front loader 23 5.5 Mechanical single lever control unit SLV (option available) 26 5.5.1 Type 26 5.5.2 Definition of working directions 27 5.5.3 Definition of actuating directions 27 5.5.4 Additional functions joystick buttons 28 5.5.5 Operation fast stroke device 29 5.6 Quick installation and removal of attachments 30 5.7 Hydraulic implement control with switchable fast-stroke valve 31 5.8 Hydraulic diagram HE + HD 33 5.8.1 HD (standard – basic version) 33 5.8.2 HD (full equipped version) 34 5.9 Electrical Equipment HD 35 5.9.1 HD (standard – basic version) 35 5.9.2 HD Fully equipped electric version with 2-pole socket 36 5.9.3 HD Fully equipped electric version with 7-pole socket 37 5.10 Toogle switch 3rd Control circuit 38 5.11 Hydraulic parallel guidance of the implements 39 5.11.1 Advantages of hydraulic parallel motion ( HS = Hydraulical Selfleveling ) 39 5.11.2 Operation 40 5.11.3 Function 42 5.12 Control unit for "parallel motion" 43 5.13 Hydraulic diagram HDP 44 5.13.1 HDP (standard – basic version) 44 5.13.2 HDP (full equipped version) 45 5.14 Electrical -
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper Mckinley Rd. Mckinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION ............................................................................................... 2 1.1 ALLOWED NATIONAL MARKS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION 1.1 Allowed national marks Application No. Filing Date Mark Applicant Nice class(es) Number 25 June 1 4/2010/00006843 AIR21 GLOBAL AIR21 GLOBAL, INC. [PH] 35 and39 2010 20 2 4/2012/00011594 September AAA SUNQUAN LU [PH] 19 2012 11 May 3 4/2012/00501163 CACATIAN, LEUGIM D [PH] 25 2012 24 4 4/2012/00740257 September MIX N` MAGIC MICHAELA A TAN [PH] 30 2012 11 June NEUROGENESIS 5 4/2013/00006764 LBI BRANDS, INC. [CA] 32 2013 HAPPY WATER BABAYLAN SPA AND ALLIED 6 4/2013/00007633 1 July 2013 BABAYLAN 44 INC. [PH] 12 July OAKS HOTELS & M&H MANAGEMENT 7 4/2013/00008241 43 2013 RESORTS LIMITED [MU] 25 July DAIWA HOUSE INDUSTRY 8 4/2013/00008867 DAIWA HOUSE 36; 37 and42 2013 CO., LTD. [JP] 16 August ELLEBASY MEDICALE ELLEBASY MEDICALE 9 4/2013/00009840 35 2013 TRADING TRADING [PH] 9 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE 10 4/2013/00010788 September UNSTOPABLES 3 COMPANY [US] 2013 9 October BELL-KENZ PHARMA INC. -
Lean's Engine Reporter and the Development of The
Trans. Newcomen Soc., 77 (2007), 167–189 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Lean’s Engine Reporter and the Development of the Cornish Engine: A Reappraisal by Alessandro NUVOLARI and Bart VERSPAGEN THE ORIGINS OF LEAN’S ENGINE REPORTER A Boulton and Watt engine was first installed in Cornwall in 1776 and, from that year, Cornwall progressively became one of the British counties making the most intensive use of steam power.1 In Cornwall, steam engines were mostly employed for draining water from copper and tin mines (smaller engines, called ‘whim engines’ were also employed to draw ore to the surface). In comparison with other counties, Cornwall was characterized by a relative high price for coal which was imported from Wales by sea.2 It is not surprising then that, due to their superior fuel efficiency, Watt engines were immediately regarded as a particularly attractive proposition by Cornish mining entrepreneurs (commonly termed ‘adventurers’ in the local parlance).3 Under a typical agreement between Boulton and Watt and the Cornish mining entre- preneurs, the two partners would provide the drawings and supervise the works of erection of the engine; they would also supply some particularly important components of the engine (such as some of the valves). These expenditures would have been charged to the mine adventurers at cost (i.e. not including any profit for Boulton and Watt). In addition, the mine adventurer had to buy the other components of the engine not directly supplied by the Published by & (c) The Newcomen Society two partners and to build the engine house. -
Soho Depicted: Prints, Drawings and Watercolours of Matthew Boulton, His Manufactory and Estate, 1760-1809
SOHO DEPICTED: PRINTS, DRAWINGS AND WATERCOLOURS OF MATTHEW BOULTON, HIS MANUFACTORY AND ESTATE, 1760-1809 by VALERIE ANN LOGGIE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History of Art College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways in which the industrialist Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) used images of his manufactory and of himself to help develop what would now be considered a ‘brand’. The argument draws heavily on archival research into the commissioning process, authorship and reception of these depictions. Such information is rarely available when studying prints and allows consideration of these images in a new light but also contributes to a wider debate on British eighteenth-century print culture. The first chapter argues that Boulton used images to convey messages about the output of his businesses, to draw together a diverse range of products and associate them with one site. Chapter two explores the setting of the manufactory and the surrounding estate, outlining Boulton’s motivation for creating the parkland and considering the ways in which it was depicted. -
Wärtsilä Marine Services Catalogue Highlighted Services
Wärtsilä Marine Services Catalogue Highlighted services PAGE 68 WÄRTSILÄ PARTS SERVICES We supply original parts (OEM) for multi brands. Check the possibility to order Wärtsilä parts directly via the online portal. Find the correct spare part with price and availability information fast. You can also browse order history and track and trace your deliveries. Request a free log-in. CLASSIC ENGINE BRANDS QUANTIPARTS SEALS AND BEARINGS WÄRTSILÄ LIPS JMT WATER AND WASTE WÄRTSILÄ BRIDGE NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATION AND ENTERTAINMENT WÄRTSILÄ FUNA entertainment 2-STROKE ENGINE BRANDS 4-STROKE ENGINE BRANDS NOHAB 2 Highlighted services PAGE 90 WÄRTSILÄ ONLINE SERVICES With Wärtsilä Online Services you can manage your installation and equipment efficiently by accessing information whenever, wherever. Technical documents Field services Easy access to reliable Follow your field service up-to-date product and information, orders and solution information related reports. Stay updated on on your installations. work progress. Webshop / commerce Real-time data and Illustrated catalogues insights enable you to find the Easily monitor status correct spare part with and performance of price and availability contracts, products and information fast. You can services connected to your also browse order history installations. Smart insights and track and trace your and reports enable you deliveries. both to improve efficiency and optimise maintenance. Lifecycle support Customer and technical support, warranties, claims management and your full history data – all -
A Steam Issue-48Pp HWM
FROM WATER POWER TO WATT THE ENERGY REVOLUTION OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Jim Andrew In the seventeenth century, there were no steam engines, no electricity or vehicle fuel from petrol pumps. Power came from human and animal energy, enhanced by wind and water. Changes in water and steam technology in the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries contributed to the Industrial Revolution. © Birmingham Museums Trust Sarehole Mill. One of the two remaining water mills in the Birmingham area. 4 www.historywm.com FROM WATER POWER TO WATT ind power, as now, was limited by variations in the strength of the wind, making water the preferred reliable Wsource of significant power for regular activity. The Romans developed water wheels and used them for a variety of activities but the first definitive survey of water power in England was in the Doomsday Book c.1086. At that time, well over five-thousand mills were identified – most were the Norse design with a vertical shaft and horizontal disc of blades. Water-Wheel Technology Traditional water mills, with vertical wheels on horizontal shafts, were well established by the eighteenth century. Many were underpass designs where the water flowed under a wheel with paddles being pushed round by the flow. Over time, many mills adopted designs which had buckets, filled with water at various levels from quite low to the very top of the wheel. The power was extracted by the falling of the water from its entry point to where it was discharged. There was little systematic study of the efficiency of mill-wheel design in extracting energy from the water before the eighteenth century. -
Age of Steam" Reconsidered
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Castaldi, Carolina; Nuvolari, Alessandro Working Paper Technological revolution and economic growth: The "age of steam" reconsidered LEM Working Paper Series, No. 2004/11 Provided in Cooperation with: Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Suggested Citation: Castaldi, Carolina; Nuvolari, Alessandro (2004) : Technological revolution and economic growth: The "age of steam" reconsidered, LEM Working Paper Series, No. 2004/11, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Pisa This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/89286 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Laboratory of Economics and Management Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33 - 56127 PISA (Italy) Tel. -
The MUNCASTER Steam-Engine Models EDGAR T
The MUNCASTER steam-engine models EDGAR T. WESTBURY glances back with a modern eye toosome classic models of the past N THE COURSE of the long history caster is well remembered as a special- fore, need despise the crude and Of MODEL ENGINEER-now, in- ist in the design of all types of steam primitive types of models produced I cidentally, approaching 60 engines, whose excellent drawings of by beginners, so long as they lead on to years-many notable designs and many types of stationary and marine the more realistic types which were engines in early volumes of the M.E., Muncaster’s speciality. descriptive articles have been pub- and also in the handbook Model The simplest form of engine de- lished which have established tradi- Stationary Engines, published nearly scribed by Muncaster is one having a tions or marked milestones of half a century ago, provided scope single-acting oscillating cylinder (Fig. progress in model engineering. for the talents of innumerable con- 1) and this will commend itself to Not only are these remembered by structors. many readers, not only on account old readers but they are often the H. Muncaster was a practical of its simple construction, but also subject of considerable discussion. draughtsman who not only had a because it can be built without castings. and requests for further information wide experience of steam-engine design It is of the type which would now be about them are constantly encountered. but also obviously had a love and classed as “ inverted ” vertical, having A few of the authors of these features devotion to his craft, and to all the cylinder below the crankshaft, are still with us, and in one or two things mechanical. -
The President Pump and Its' Cornish Engine House
The PresidentPhoto Pump – Upper and Saucon Its’Township Cornish Record EngineCollection House Mark Connar SIA Annual Conference – Richmond Virginia June 2, 2018 “ The Elevator Speech” • The existing President Engine House and the area surrounding the structure is a 19th century mining industry time capsule. • Protection, preservation, interpretation and recognition of this engine house and its surroundings is of vital importance because: Ø It is the only structure and physical setting remaining of the earliest industrial age enterprise in the Lehigh Valley; Ø The engine house is part of, arguably, the largest single cylinder stationary steam engine ever built anywhere in the world; Ø The engine house is a unique structure which is the only surviving example in the United States. King Arthur’s Castle in Saucon Valley Photos – Connar Collection Made in America – “Largest Stationary Engine in the World” Photos– newspapers.com/SMU Central University Library digital collection (top right)/philadelphiaencycolopedia.org (bottom left) John West and the Perkiomen Copper Mines Photos – Connar Collection/Historical Society of Montgomery County/newspapers.com The West Family of Cambourne Photos – courtesy of John Manley “The President” - General Grant Pump Photo – Ulysses S. Grant, 17th President of the United States, Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-13018DLC The President – View from Mine Pit (West Edge) Photo – Connar, Source Unknown The President – View from Mine Pit (Northwest Edge) Photo – Miller, Lead and Zinc Ores in Pennsylvania Typical Engine House Sectional Photo – Nance, Engine Houses of West Cornwall The President’s Floor Plan Drawing – courtesy of Damian Nance The President Diagram – Scientific American Supplement 1 – August 5, 1876 The President “It is the triumph of the rotative system as applied to a mine pump. -
Steam Consumption of Pumping Machinery
Steam Consumption of Pumping Machinery HENRY EZRA KEENEY THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESENTED JUNE, 19Q0 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY ____________ ______ Henry.Ezra.Keeney........_... entitled..s.ta.ara.C.an8mp.i.io.n.....Q.£ ...Bumping.. Machinery. IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE o f ....Bachelor.of.Science.in.Mechanical...Engineering.* h e a d o f d e p a r t m e n t o f ........Mechanical.Engineering, ' INTRODUCTION. Those who have not considered the subject of water distribu tion* may not believe that pumping machinery stands at the head of the various branches of Engineering. As to the truth of this state ment, we 'nave only to consider that coal could not be obtained with out the pumping engine; our water supply for boilers and our city water supply would be difficult of management if it were not for the pump. ”’ater is found in every mine, to a greater or less extent, and the first applications of steam were for pumping the water out of these mines. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT. Many forms of puraps were used for obtaining water, but not until the 17th century was steara used for pumping water. So man ifest was the economy of steam pumps over those driven by horses, (which were previously used to a great extent) even at the begin ning, that they were introduced as rapidly as they could be fur nished with the limited supply of tools at the command of the en gine and boiler builders of that day. -
141210 the Rise of Steam Power
The rise of steam power The following notes have been written at the request of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Transport Division, Glasgow by Philip M Hosken for the use of its members. The content is copyright and no part should be copied in any media or incorporated into any publication without the written permission of the author. The contents are based on research contained in The Oblivion of Trevithick by the author. Section A is a very brief summary of the rise of steam power, something that would be a mighty tome if the full story of the ideas, disappointments, successes and myths were to be recounted. Section B is a brief summary of Trevithick’s contribution to the development of steam power, how he demonstrated it and how a replica of his 1801 road locomotive was built. Those who study early steam should bear in mind that much of the ‘history’ that has come down to us is based upon the dreams of people seen as sorcerers in their time and bears little reality to what was actually achieved. Very few of the engines depicted in drawings actually existed and only one or two made any significant contribution to the harnessing of steam power. It should also be appreciated that many drawings are retro-respective and close examination shows that they would not work. Many of those who sought to utilise the elusive power liberated when water became steam had little idea of the laws of thermodynamics or what they were doing. It was known that steam could be very dangerous but as it was invisible, only existed above the boiling point of water and was not described in the Holy Bible its existence and the activities of those who sought to contain and use it were seen as the work of the Devil.