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Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, Southwest Madagascar

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Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, Southwest Madagascar BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Josephine M. Langley Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar 52 Avenue Road, London N6 5DR [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 208 341 9819 Fax: +44 (0) 208 341 4821 BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Andavadoaka, 2006 © Blue Ventures 2006 Copyright in this publication and in all text, data and images contained herein, except as otherwise indicated, rests with Blue Ventures. Recommended citation: Langley, J. (2006). Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar. BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Summary Many fisheries and marine conservation management (ii) Knowledge of marine resources is passed orally from projects throughout the world have been dogged by generation to generation failure as a result of a lack of acceptance of (iii) Traditional laws, taboos and ceremonies are commonly management interventions by local communities. used in natural resource management Evaluation of these failed studies has produced (iv) Lifestyle, food security and housing are all dependent extensive guidelines, manuals and new fields of study on natural resources and the use of coastal and marine (Bunce and Pomeroy, 2004). Community engagement, resources form an essential part of this participatory research, and promoting the use of local (v) The arrival of the Catholic Mission has reduced the knowledge have repeatedly emerged as steps necessary proportion of villagers adhering to traditional ancestor to address the problem of managing the development of worship people and their economies while simultaneously (vi) There has been a change in recent years from a barter protecting the environment (Berkes et al, 2001; Bunce and subsistence economy to a market-driven cash- based economy and Pomeroy, 2004; Wibera et al, 2004; Scholz et al, (vii) Increased income for some members of the 2004). Blue Ventures Conservation and its partners, community has enabled the purchase of generators that Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IHSM) has allowed lighting, music, and televisions. This has and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), are also increased night time fishing activities and working together to ensure that conservation measures navigation are adopted by the community of Andavadoaka to (viii) Fish buyers from outside the community have recently promote sustainable development locally, and to generated new markets for resources that were not develop community-based coastal management previously exploited initiatives. (ix) Many of these new products can be exploited by women, giving them greater involvement in the Definition economy and thus greater power in the community In this study, the definition of the term Traditional (x) Increasing revenues have enabled fishers to buy new Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is that described by fishing gear Berkes (1993)-- (xi) Most commercially exploited species are in decline ‘A cumulative body of knowledge, practice and (xii) The decline of some species is so serious that many belief evolving by adaptive processes and handed people have stopped fishing them altogether, for down through generations by cultural transmission, example, marine shells and sea cucumbers about the relationships of living beings (including Existing information presented in the literature on humans) with one another and with their epistemology, lifestyle and the traditional and artisanal environment’. fisheries of southwest Madagascar generally agrees with the findings of this study. This information is Methods strongest for studies relating to exploited species and There are two principal concerns to collecting and fishing methods (Randriambololona, 1998). The recording TEK for studies of this nature: how the data findings on reduced purchasing power and reduced are collected and how the recorded data can be quality of life agree with the work of Iida (2004) and documented. Approaches to documenting ecological Laroche (1997). knowledge that are commonly used in the academic and The greatest omission appears to be the relatively development field include resource mapping, resource unimportant role of the impact of women on fisheries use calendars and timelines of change in marine and their contribution to income (e.g., Guidicelli, 1984; resource use (for example, Bunce and Pomeroy, 2003). Laroche, 1997). Further differences in the literature During the course of this study, Blue Ventures carried include some of the environmental challenges which are out workshops, focus groups, interviewed key not yet present in Andavadoaka. For example, due to informants and village elders, and recorded participant the size of urban centres such as Tuléar (population observations to document TEK. 140,000; 1993 est.) (Laroche, 1997), the concentration Results of fishing effort is massively increased in comparison to a site such as Andavadoaka (population 1,200; 2006 The key findings of this study show: est.), which is geographically remote, with poor (i) Knowledge of Vezo epistemology provides a valuable transportation links. insight into the history of Andavadoaka and how the ancestors of the current inhabitants came to choose the site of the village III BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Table of Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents...................................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ..........................................................................................................................................................v Appendices...............................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................1 Background .................................................................................................................................................................2 Objective......................................................................................................................................................................2 Theoretical Context ....................................................................................................................................................3 Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) ...............................................................................................................3 Definition of terms................................................................................................................................................................3 The value of TEK .................................................................................................................................................................3 TEK for coastal management................................................................................................................................................4 Literature Review.......................................................................................................................................................5 Knowledge and information.....................................................................................................................................5 Existing literature on Andavadoaka and fisheries in Madagascar............................................................................5 Fisheries and coastal policy ..................................................................................................................................................5 National level marine fisheries .............................................................................................................................................5 Artisanal and Traditional Fisheries in southwest Madagascar..............................................................................................5 Andavadoaka ........................................................................................................................................................................6 Anthropological views of Vezo fishers.................................................................................................................................6 Existing documents from Blue Ventures and its partners.....................................................................................................7 Methods .......................................................................................................................................................................9 Data collection method.............................................................................................................................................9 Approaches to documenting TEK ............................................................................................................................9 Analysis..................................................................................................................................................................10 Data quality ............................................................................................................................................................11
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