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Educators' Resource Guide
EDUCATORS' RESOURCE GUIDE Produced and published by 3D Entertainment Distribution Written by Dr. Elisabeth Mantello In collaboration with Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society TABLE OF CONTENTS TO EDUCATORS .................................................................................................p 3 III. PART 3. ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 1. DO YOU Know ME? ................................................................. p 20 PLANKton, SOURCE OF LIFE .....................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 2. discoVER THE ANIMALS OF "SECRET OCEAN" ......... p 21-24 ACTIVITY 3. A. SECRET OCEAN word FIND ......................................... p 25 PART 1. SCENES FROM "SECRET OCEAN" ACTIVITY 3. B. ADD color to THE octoPUS! .................................... p 25 1. CHristmas TREE WORMS .........................................................................p 5 ACTIVITY 4. A. WHERE IS MY MOUTH? ..................................................... p 26 2. GIANT BasKET Star ..................................................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 4. B. WHat DO I USE to eat? .................................................. p 26 3. SEA ANEMONE AND Clown FISH ......................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 5. A. WHO eats WHat? .............................................................. p 27 4. GIANT CLAM AND ZOOXANTHELLAE ................................................p -
Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: © Philippe Bourjon (with permission) Center for Biological Diversity 14 May 2020 Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist Sarah Uhlemann, Senior Att’y & Int’l Program Director Center for Biological Diversity Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Oakland, CA 94612 Seattle,WA98117 Phone: (510) 844‐7100 x327 Phone: (206) 324‐2344 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submits to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the black teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Alternatively, the Service should list the black teatfish as threatened or endangered throughout a significant portion of its range. This species is found exclusively in foreign waters, thus 30‐days’ notice to affected U.S. states and/or territories was not required. The Center is a non‐profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats. -
Connected Experience: Marine Invertebrate Adaptations
Connected Experience: Marine Invertebrate Adaptations GRADE LEVELS 3rd- 12th Grade with NGSS for 3rd grade SUBJECTS Life Sciences, Patterns DURATION Pre-Visit: 30 minutes, Aquarium/Tide pool: 45 minutes, Post-Visit: 30 SETTING Classroomi and Aquarium or Outdoor Tide Pool Summary This ‘‘connected experience’’ allows students to connect their classroom learning to field trip learning, and back again. Students begin by thinking about a specific ecosystem, and what adaptations an animal might need to survive there. They then observe invertebrates in an outdoor, or aquarium setting to look for evidence of how the organism uses its body parts to survive. Objectives In this lesson, students will: 1. identify patterns within organisms and the environments in which they live 2. construct an argument from evidence on how an animal is specially adapted to live in its ecosystem. 3. build curiosity for the natural world through exploring a new environment. Materials Marine Invertebrate Cards (part of this lesson) invertebrate scavenger hunt worksheets clipboards with pencils (for field trip) cameras (optional --- 1 per student group) local field guide (optional) Teacher Tips: This scavenger hunt may be used in an aquarium or an outdoor tide pool. If you choose to go outside, consider having students wear sunscreen, and rain boots. Additionally, you may want to bring trash bags, and have students collect any litter that they find in order to leave a healthier habitat behind. Teacher Prep 1. Scout out the aquarium or tide pool so you know where students can find invertebrates. If going outside, use a tide log to find out what time low tide is on the day of your field trip, and plan to scout at a similar tidal level. -
Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, Southwest Madagascar
BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Josephine M. Langley Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar 52 Avenue Road, London N6 5DR [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 208 341 9819 Fax: +44 (0) 208 341 4821 BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Andavadoaka, 2006 © Blue Ventures 2006 Copyright in this publication and in all text, data and images contained herein, except as otherwise indicated, rests with Blue Ventures. Recommended citation: Langley, J. (2006). Vezo Knowledge: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar. BLUE VENTURES CONSERVATION REPORT Summary Many fisheries and marine conservation management (ii) Knowledge of marine resources is passed orally from projects throughout the world have been dogged by generation to generation failure as a result of a lack of acceptance of (iii) Traditional laws, taboos and ceremonies are commonly management interventions by local communities. used in natural resource management Evaluation of these failed studies has produced (iv) Lifestyle, food security and housing are all dependent extensive guidelines, manuals and new fields of study on natural resources and the use of coastal and marine (Bunce and Pomeroy, 2004). Community engagement, resources form an essential part of this participatory research, and promoting the use of local (v) The arrival of the Catholic Mission has reduced the knowledge have repeatedly emerged as steps necessary proportion of villagers adhering to traditional ancestor to address the problem of managing the development of worship people and their economies while simultaneously (vi) There has been a change in recent years from a barter protecting the environment (Berkes et al, 2001; Bunce and subsistence economy to a market-driven cash- based economy and Pomeroy, 2004; Wibera et al, 2004; Scholz et al, (vii) Increased income for some members of the 2004). -
SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin Contains Eight Articles Commercial Species in Tonga and Communications from Several Countries
Secretariat of the Pacific Community ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 33 – May 2013 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin Inside this issue Editorial Change in weight of sea cucumbers during processing: Ten common This issue of SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin contains eight articles commercial species in tonga and communications from several countries. It also includes abstracts about sea P. Ngaluafe and J. Lee p. 3 cucumbers that were presented at the 14th International Echinoderm Conference First insight into Colombian Caribbean that was held in Brussels in August. sea cucumbers and sea cucumber fishery The first article (p. 3) comes from Tonga. Poasi Ngaluafe and Jessica Lee analyse A. Rodriguez Forero et al. p. 9 the change in weight of ten common commercial sea cucumbers. They discuss the possible reasons for the discrepancy they observe between their results and Strategies for improving survivorship of hatchery-reared juvenile Holothuria previous ones, and the implications for fisheries management in Tonga. scabra in community-managed sea cucumber farms We are also very pleased to present some insights about sea cucumbers and sea A. Rougier et al. p. 14 cucumber fisheries in the Colombian Caribbean. The article is from the team of Holothurian abundance, richness and Adriana Rodríguez Forero (p. 9). They report on species that could be new for the population densities, comparing sites Caribbean and conclude with stressing the importance of initiating a management with different degrees of exploitation in plan for the Colombian fishery resource. the shallow lagoons of Mauritius K. Lampe p. 23 Some news also from Madagascar, where Antoine Rougier et al. -
Fishes of Terengganu East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia Ii Iii
i Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia ii iii Edited by Mizuki Matsunuma, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura, Noor Azhar M. Shazili and Mohd Azmi Ambak Photographed by Masatoshi Meguro and Mizuki Matsunuma iv Copy Right © 2011 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak (eds.). 2011 (Nov.). Fishes of Terengganu – east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum, ix + 251 pages. ISBN 978-4-87803-036-9 Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface Tropical seas in Southeast Asian countries are well known for their rich fish diversity found in various environments such as beautiful coral reefs, mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, and estuaries around river mouths. The South China Sea is a major water body containing a large and diverse fish fauna. However, many areas of the South China Sea, particularly in Malaysia and Vietnam, have been poorly studied in terms of fish taxonomy and diversity. Local fish scientists and students have frequently faced difficulty when try- ing to identify fishes in their home countries. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr. -
A Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean Assessing Its Feasibility and Sustainability
FAO ISSN 2070-6103 19 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 19 19 A regional shellfish hatchery for the Wider Caribbean Assessing its feasibility and sustainability A regional shellfish hatchery for the Wider Caribbean – Assessing its feasibility and sustainability A regional FAO Regional Technical Workshop A regional shellfish hatchery for 18–21 October 2010 Kingston, Jamaica the Wider Caribbean It is widely recognized that the development of aquaculture in Assessing its feasibility and sustainability the Wider Caribbean Region is inhibited, in part, by the lack of technical expertise, infrastructure, capital investment and human resources. Furthermore, seed supply for native species FAO Regional Technical Workshop relies, for the most part, on natural collection, subject to 18–21 October 2010 natural population abundance with wide yearly variations. This Kingston, Jamaica situation has led to the current trend of culturing more readily available exotic species, but with a potentially undesirable impact on the natural environment. The centralizing of resources available in the region into a shared facility has been recommended by several expert meetings over the past 20 years. The establishment of a regional hatchery facility, supporting sustainable aquaculture through the seed production of native molluscan species was discussed at the FAO workshop “Regional shellfish hatchery: A feasibility study” held in Kingston, Jamaica, in October 2010, by representatives of Caribbean Governments and experts in the field. Molluscan species are particularly targeted due to their culture potential in terms of known techniques, simple grow-out technology and low impact on surrounding environment. It is proposed that a regional molluscan hatchery would produce seed for sale and distribution to grow-out operations in the region as well as provide technical support for the research on new species. -
Biological and Taxonomic Perspective of Triterpenoid Glycosides of Sea Cucumbers of the Family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea)
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 180 (2015) 16–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpb Review Biological and taxonomic perspective of triterpenoid glycosides of sea cucumbers of the family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) Magali Honey-Escandón a,⁎, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa a, Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín b,YvesSamync a Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico b Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-350, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico c Scientific Service of Heritage, Invertebrates Collections, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium article info abstract Article history: Since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for Received 20 May 2014 the class Holothuroidea. The family Holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. Received in revised form 18 September 2014 With many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and Accepted 18 September 2014 the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. We provide a bibliographic Available online 28 September 2014 review of the triterpene glycosides that has been reported within the Holothuriidae and analyzed the relationship of certain compounds with the presence of Cuvierian tubules. We found 40 species belonging to four genera and Keywords: Cuvierian tubules 121 compounds. -
Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities
marine drugs Review Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities Timofey V. Malyarenko 1,2,*, Alla A. Kicha 1, Valentin A. Stonik 1,2 and Natalia V. Ivanchina 1,* 1 G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; [email protected] (A.A.K.); [email protected] (V.A.S.) 2 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.V.M.); [email protected] (N.V.I.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (T.V.M.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (T.V.M.) Abstract: Sphingolipids are complex lipids widespread in nature as structural components of biomembranes. Commonly, the sphingolipids of marine organisms differ from those of terres- trial animals and plants. The gangliosides are the most complex sphingolipids characteristic of vertebrates that have been found in only the Echinodermata (echinoderms) phylum of invertebrates. Sphingolipids of the representatives of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes are the most studied among all echinoderms. In this review, we have summarized the data on sphingolipids of these two classes of marine invertebrates over the past two decades. Recently established structures, properties, and peculiarities of biogenesis of ceramides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides from starfishes and holothurians are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete informa- tion on the chemical structures, structural features, and biological activities of sphingolipids of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes. -
Density and Population Parameters of Sea Cucumber Isostichopus Badionotus (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) at Sisal, Yucatan
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 46(2): 416-423Density, 2018 and population parameters of sea cucumber at Sisal, Yucatan 416 1 DOI: 10.3856/vol46-issue2-fulltext-17 Research Article Density and population parameters of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) at Sisal, Yucatan Alberto de Jesús-Navarrete1, María Nallely May Poot2 & Alejandro Medina-Quej2 1Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Estructura y Función del Bentos El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Quintana Roo, México 2Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, Licenciatura en Biología, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México Corresponding author: Alberto de Jesús-Navarrete ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. The density and population parameters of the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus from Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico were determined during the fishing season. Belt transects of 200 m2 were set in 10 sampling sites at two fishing areas. All organisms within the belt were counted and collected. In the harbor, 7,618 sea cucumbers were measured and weighed: the population parameters were determined using FISAT II. Mean densities of I. badionotus in April 2011, September 2011 and February 2012 were 0.84 ± 0.40, 0.51 ± 0.46, and 0.32 ± 0.17 ind m-2, respectively. Sea cucumber total length varied from 90 to 420 mm, with a uni-modal distribution. The growth parameters were: L∞ = 403 mm, K = 0.25, and to = -0.18, with an allometric growth (W = 2.81L1.781). The total mortality was 0.88, whereas natural mortality was 0.38, fish mortality was 0.50 and the exploitation rate 0.54. Even when sea cucumbers fishery in Sisal is recent and in development with a high density (5570 ind ha-1), it is necessary to establish management strategies to protect the resource, such as an annual catch quota, catching size (>280 mm length), monitoring of population density, and reproduction and larval distribution. -
Community Structure, Diversity, and Distribution Patterns of Sea Cucumber
Community structure, diversity, and distribution patterns of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) in the coral reef area of Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, Indonesia 1Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, 2Husamah, 2Samsun Hadi, 1Ainur Rofieq, 2Poncojari Wahyono 1 Biology Education, Postgraduate Directorate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 2 Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding author: A. Rahardjanto, [email protected] Abstract. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are one of the high value marine products, with populations under very critical condition due to over exploitation. Data and information related to the condition of sea cucumber communities, especially in remote islands, like the Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aimed to determine the species, community structure (density, frequency, and important value index), species diversity index, and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers found in the reef area of Sapeken Islands, using a quantitative descriptive study. This research was conducted in low tide during the day using the quadratic transect method. Data was collected by making direct observations of the population under investigation. The results showed that sea cucumbers belonged to 11 species, from 2 orders: Aspidochirotida, with the species Holothuria hilla, Holothuria fuscopunctata, Holothuria impatiens, Holothuria leucospilota, Holothuria scabra, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus variegates, Actinopyga lecanora, and Actinopyga mauritiana and order Apodida, with the species Synapta maculata and Euapta godeffroyi. The density ranged from 0.162 to 1.37 ind m-2, and the relative density was between 0.035 and 0.292 ind m-2. The highest density was found for H. hilla and the lowest for S. -
High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review
Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1761-1805; doi:10.3390/md9101761 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review Sara Bordbar 1, Farooq Anwar 1,2 and Nazamid Saari 1,* 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-468-385; Fax: +60-389-423-552. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 30 August 2011 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published: 10 October 2011 Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids.