SADC SUCCESS STORIES Volume 2 2017 The SADC Vision

ISBN 978-99968-448-6-7 The vision of SADC is one of a Common Future, a future within a regional community that will ensure economic wellbeing, improvement of the standards of living and quality of life, freedom and social justice, and peace and security for the people of southern Africa.

Vision |i Message from the Executive Secretary of the SADC Secretariat Regional integration is not only critical and important but is a necessary tool and strategy for development. Regional integration, in simple words, is about cooperation and economies of scale. SADC Member States have agreed to co-operate by pooling their resources together and implement transboundary projects with greater impact, and more benefit for their citizens. Some of these projects are featured in this second edition of the SADC Success Stories. The SADC Success Stories Edition is one of our communication tools to reach out to SADC citizens and enhance awareness about the positive impacts of our protocols, agreements, policies and strategies. In 2016/17, a team of experts travelled the SADC region to collect stories that highlight the recorded achievements and successes in implementing SADC regional development and integration agenda. The stories cover achievements in the infrastructure, trade and industrialisation, climate change, finance, peace and security, water management, agriculture and transfrontier conservation sectors. The team’s mission included trips overland, by sea and air in order to paint an accurate picture of how SADC regional integration programmes are changing the lives of SADC citizens for the better. Just to highlight a few, at the River, they saw the construction of the Bridge that will soon form a major transport link in the heart of the SADC region. In Malawi, they learned about the Bvumbwe tomato, which was developed to address the specific conditions of this region and the needs of the SADC population. And in ’s Walvis Bay and Mozambique’s Nacala, they saw two entry points to the growing network of development corridors alongside which the SADC region will develop in the coming decades. These and other successes of regional integration are documented using films, photographs and text stories. Together with this publication, the short videos will be disseminated within the region and beyond to showcase our success. This production was made possible with support from the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the six programmes implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH as part of the German Development Cooperation with SADC. The first edition of the “SADC Success Stories”, launched in 2015, reached over one million SADC citizens through the print brochure, videos and social media. Through this second edition, we hope to inform more SADC citizens about the benefits of the SADC development and integration agenda and the importance of Member States rallying around a common agenda. These stories reflect SADC at a time when regional integration is already adding incalculable value to the lives of all citizens. With the renewed focus of Member States on industrialisation and regional infrastructure development, among other priorities, our joint efforts and commitments will be making the case for the continued integration of the SADC region.

July 2017 Dr. Stergomena Lawrence Tax Executive Secretary SADC ii| Intro Intro |iii contents

Trade: Building Bridges for Economic Growth 3

Peacebuilding: Sweet Smell of Peace 7

Agriculture: Feeding the Region one Tomato at a Time 11

Transport: Gateway to SADC’s Future 15

Industrialisation: Beefing up Trade 19

Finance: Breaking Banking Barriers 23

Watercourses: Sharing SADC’s White Gold 27

Infrastructure: A Journey to Development 31

Tourism: KAZA Develops and Nurtures Region’s Tourism 35

Climate: Tackling Climate Change Together 41

1| Contents Contents |2 Building Bridges for Economic Growth

Construction workers at the Kazungula border post are doing more than building a bridge over a river – they are building a bridge for regional integration with the promise of greater economic growth.

n either sides of the Zambezi River, region, allowing goods to flow from the DRC hundreds of trucks queue to cross to and from the Indian to the the Kazungula border between Atlantic Ocean. and . Looking SADC’s Protocol on Trade has long Owest is Namibia, looking east . It is recognised the need to facilitate trade in a popular route and one that is about to get SADC countries. It’s a key tool to stimulate even busier with the construction of the new economic growth and fight poverty in already underway. Southern Africa. It commits SADC Member Previously, trucks could only cross two at a States to eliminating tariff and non-tariff time at the border using one of two ferries. The barriers, which would otherwise stem the free waiting period to make the crossing could take flow of goods throughout the region. up to three days. This turned into five days and In the first decade after the Trade Protocol more if one of the ferries broke down. The new went into effect in 2000, intra-SADC trade bridge promises to reduce waiting times to increased by 155%, from USD 13.2 billion to around two hours. about USD 34 billion. Now the Kazungula Since the SADC Free Trade Area was Bridge, deep in the heart of SADC, will introduced in 2008, intra-SADC trade has become a prominent pillar in further exploded. Now every day trucks and trains accelerating the expansion of trade between travel the length and breadth of the SADC the Member States.

3| Trade Trade |4 Construction of the Kazungula of the project was the successful Bridge has already created jobs resettlement of Botswana and skill-learning opportunities. villagers to nearby Lumbo. A mobile training unit was set Their community has seen up in 2013 on the Botswana side exponential growth since over “We are well settled here, better than to train the semi-skilled artisans USD 4 million were invested to needed for the construction of resettle the village and reimburse where we were.” the Kazungula Bridge and other those affected. Once next to the infrastructure projects. main road leading to the border Grace Mwashekabo Funded by the Botswana post, the village is now a few Lumbo Village elder Ministry of Transport and kilometres away. Communications, the unit Lumbo village elder Grace trained more than 700 semi- Mwashekabo remembers when skilled artisans including they had to fetch water from the bricklayers, tilers and carpenters. Zambezi River and some lived Botswana President Ian Khama in mud houses. Today the 34 proudly noted that two thirds families in the new village enjoy of those trained by the unit had their new houses, electricity, In line with the Trade Protocol, Johannes Labuschagne, who has vehicle and crew utilization. been able to secure jobs. running water and a school. the Regional Infrastructure been crossing the border for The bridge, which is estimated This was also observed by “We are well settled here, To be completed in 2018 Development Master Plan seven years to transport copper to cost USD 259.3 million, is SADC Tripartite Transport better than where we were,” says (RIDMP) facilitates the from Zambia to South Africa, jointly funded by the Botswana and Transit Facilitation Mwashekabo. increase in traffic will mean more development of seamless, says the project is an exciting and Zambian governments and Program Adviser, Lovemore Some villagers have also been potential customers for them as cost-effective trans-boundary initiative. His biggest challenge expected to be completed by Bingandadi: “The bridge employed as workers by the well. infrastructure. The RIDMP is had been with broken down 2018. construction has created new Kazungula Bridge project. And “The iconic bridge stands part of the SADC Infrastructure ferries. When this happened, it Zambian President Edgar economic opportunities for many women in the area are as a monument to regional Vision 2027, of which transport is regularly caused 5km of queuing Lungu, on a visit to Kazungula locals and major construction informal traders who are selling integration as it is more than one of six pillars. The crossing at traffic, resulting in massive delays in February 2017 to check on the firms. Opening the bridge will to the high number of people a physical link between two Kazungula was one of the missing for truck drivers like him. progress of the bridge, said: “If certainly advance trade and crossing the Zambezi River on countries,” says Bingandadi. “It’s a links to realising the North-South “We as a transporter feel the Zambia and Botswana succeed, transport facilitation.” a daily basis. When the bridge conduit for trade, transportation Corridor identified under the greatest burden because when there will be more trade in the Another immediate benefit is completed, the expected and movement of people.” RIDMP. you are supposed to do two loads region and beyond.” The Kazungula Bridge is a month, you can only do one The project, President Lungu central to the corridor as it will load a month. So your turnover is said, was not just for Botswana ease high volumes of traffic in cut in half,” says Labuschagne. and Zambia. “It is intended to the region, facilitate trade, spur He particularly looks forward invite and excite investment from economic growth in the area and to the introduction of the one- outside so that Africans can begin beyond, and help prepare the stop border posts: “Once (your to trade among themselves,” he SADC region for the predicted truck) is cleared you drive said. population growth of 72 million straight across, stamp your people by 2027. passport and you are off to the SADC Protocol: Improved trade is fundamental Identified as a key project client. So that is going to be a big to regional integration. To this under SADC’s regional bonus for us.” end, the Protocol on Trade development plan, the bridge A one-stop border post will was signed in 1996 in order to is now spearheaded by the be placed on both sides of the liberalise trade within SADC, Botswana and Zambian bridge so that drivers stop only reduce barriers between nations, and stimulate production and governments. It entails replacing once at their point of exit/entry. economic development. Over the the Kazungula ferry with a After clearing customs the driver years this led to the elimination 930m road and rail bridge, with drives straight through to the of tariff barriers, and export and one-stop border posts for either next country. This eliminates import duties, culminating in the direction. duplication of processes and establishment of the SADC Free Trade Area. South African truck driver reduces time thereby increasing The Kazungula Bridge Project has provided work opportunities to the community

5|Trade Trade|6 Sweet Smell of Peace When SADC stepped in to support peace efforts in Madagascar, its efforts were carried out in the local spirit of fihavanana, which emphasises the kinship and mutual respect between all Malagasy people.

ugues Rotoarimanana’s business buys unconstitutional government. plants, herbs and other raw materials “SADC has a set of processes and mechanisms from around Madagascar and turns to deal with situations that threaten the peace them into essential oils. Cinnamon, and stability in the region,” says Jorge Cardoso, Hcloves, ylang-ylang, and rare plants like katrafay Director of the SADC Organ on Politics, Defence – which can only be found in Madagascar – are and Security. loaded into boilers so that their essence can be “It operates at the level of heads of states. There extracted and used to infuse oils for the finished is a head of state that is nominated annually to products sold to Rotoarimanana’s European follow the political processes in our region. The clients. peaceful resolution of conflicts is one of the main But in 2009, the then two-year-old business premises to address situations that occur in our faced its greatest challenge: a political crisis that Member States,” says Cardoso. turned Malagasy society upside down, disrupting The Organ was established through the Protocol the social and political order. Because of the on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation in instability in the country, Rotoarimanana’s 2001. The protocol affirms SADC’s commitment international investors pulled out of the business, to regional stability with the objective to “protect leaving his livelihood in jeopardy. the people and safeguard the development of “We have had uprisings before, but 2009 was the region against instability arising from the very different,” says Rotoarimanana. “The coup breakdown of law and order”. was really a bad thing because first they ousted a In March 2009, after the unconstitutional democratically elected president, and second they takeover, SADC suspended the membership of did it by force. We had families to feed but then Madagascar. The African Union, the United States suddenly no business. It was a disaster.” and other parts of the international community It began after a dispute erupted between the suspended their aid to Madagascar. Three months then-president and an opposition leader, leading later, the AU and the United Nations halted their to a period of intense conflict and confusion until mediation efforts, citing a lack of will on either the opposition took power unconstitutionally in side to seek reconciliation. March 2009. Many feared that Madagascar was on A week later, SADC dispatched former the brink of civil war. Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano as the “The politicians were really trying to instigate leader of a team tasked with mediating a peace tensions amongst the population of Madagascar,” process and creating a roadmap towards solving says Mahamadou Ndriandry, President of the the crisis. National Platform for Civil Society Organisations. “When Chissano came here, he came with the “A civil war has never happened here. Malagasy mindset of not only working with civil society people are really close. You would only have a civil organisations, but also to listen to what has been war if there was extreme tension.” done here on the ground, what is happening,” In an attempt to return the region to peace says Rasolo Andre, a former diplomat and now a and stability, international bodies, championed lecturer in Political Sociology at the University of by SADC, began to put pressure on the Antananarivo.

7| Peacebuilding Peacebuilding|8 SADC Protocol: “SADC was the door, which led the The Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation was Malagasy people to understand that signed in 2001 in recognition of the need for stability as a they live in the African continent and prerequisite for Southern Africa’s growth. This led to the formation that they are not alone.” of one of the most important parts Rasolo Andre of SADC, the Organ on Politics, Former Malagasy first consul to Russia, now lecturer in Defence and Security. The Organ Political Sociology at the University of Antananarivo works with Member States to promote peace in the region and foster stability for current and future generations. Businesses thrive again

belief that harm done to others are not alone.” a pile of burnt cinnamon leaves will eventually reflect back on With the next elections due to a sweet smell wafting around the the doer. take place in 2018, the hope is premises – the boilers are once “It’s important because when agreement that peaceful elections “It was really good that SADC that Madagascar will maintain again producing the rare oils they allowed the Malagasy people would take place in 2013 in which worked with the AU, because its stability in the future. For unique to Madagascar. to take part in the decision no former presidents could take that gave the Malagasy people now, the peace brought about “When word of the national making, they enhanced the part. confidence that they are not just by the negotiations has allowed reconciliation started to sustainability of the outcome. The period of disruption ended this island, that they have sisters the Malagasy people time to spread, people felt safer,” says Also, they came here to facilitate when in December 2013, Hery and brothers and they are part of rebuild. Investors have gained Rotoarimanana. “It gave more the process. They were involved Rajaonarimampianina was elected Africa,” says Andre, the former confidence again to return to the confidence to the investors and as facilitators but leaving the to the presidency. The elections diplomat. private sector. business started to grow.” Malagasy approach to take place were declared free and fair by “SADC was the door which For Rotoarimanana, peace Adds the businessman, at all times,” he adds. international observers. The led the Malagasy people to allowed his business to regain its “just one of my suppliers now The SADC intervention led to following month, Madagascar was understand that they live in the strength. Near Antananarivo, at provides work for a thousand the establishment of a roadmap, reinstated as a SADC member, African continent and that they the plant of one of his suppliers, p e op l e .” which emphasised that peace and international aid returned to needed to be restored. This led to the island. the creation of a national dialogue Addressing the African Union process which came to be called Peace and Security Council, mallgacho-malgache (Malagasy SADC’s Executive Secretary Dr Jorge Cardoso, Director of with the Malagasy). With SADC’s Stergomena Lawrence Tax said the SADC Organ on Politics, support, it eventually led to an at the time: “SADC appeals to Defence and Security the African Union, the United Nations and other similar bodies to welcome the positive steps that Madagascar has made through the recent peaceful transparent and fair elections and to spare no effort at ensuring that democracy and the rule of law are enhanced in Southern Africa.” Andre attributes the success of the peace process in no small part to the concept of fihavanana. Fihavanana originates from the Malagasy word havana, meaning kin, and emphasises the kinship 9| El nino Mahamadou Ndriandry says Malagasy society is very close of all Malagasy people, and the Hugues Rotoarimanana at one of his plants

9| Peacebuilding Peacebuilding|10 Feeding the Region one Tomato at a Time

The introduction of two new varieties of tomato in Malawi and nearby Mozambique could help boost food security and provide local solutions to adapt to climate change and meet nutrition needs.

he tomatoes are proudly population depends on agriculture tolerant and have a long shelf displayed in a market for food, income and employment. life, making them better adapted in Blantyre – round, Agriculture is also a major source to effects of climate change and plump and red. These of exports for several Member suitable for cross-border trade by Tnew, locally grown tomatoes States, contributing on average of resource-poor entrepreneurs. are emerging as one of the most 13% to total export earnings and Acting CCARDESA Executive important and effective ways in 66% to the value of intra-regional Director Dr Simon Mwale, based which SADC is boosting food trade. close to the SADC Secretariat security in the region. In 2007, the SADC Council in , Botswana, points Named after the Bvumbwe instructed the SADC Secretariat out another advantage of the research station located south to prioritise food security Bvumbwe tomatoes: They have of Blantyre in Malawi, the new and the management of higher levels of vitamin A than the varieties are named Bvumbwe 1 transboundary natural resources average tomato. and Bvumbwe 2 tomatoes. The and environments. Together with “You can get vitamin A from area is well-known for its fertile those, three other areas form animal products and vegetable hillsides. SADC’s core focus on agriculture: sources, both of which can be Introducing varieties that crop production, livestock beyond the reach of the common have higher nutritional value has production and information in low-income household in the drawn together government and the form of data. SADC’s Multi- SADC region,” he says. “The non-governmental organisations, Country Agricultural Productivity tomato is a key ingredient in including the Centre for Programme and the Regional cooking at all levels of society. Coordination of Agricultural Indicative Strategic Development And with these varieties of tomato Research and Development in Plan until 2020 provide additional you can provide extra vitamin Southern Africa (CCARDESA), strategic direction. A to the lowest income group of SADC, the Malawi government All of these policy instruments families in the country. It’s a big and horticulturalists, agronomists are given credence by the plus for the population’s nutrition.” and other specialists. The initiative developments at Bvumbwe, which Malawi has long battled has grown out of SADC’s Regional have resulted in the adoption of vitamin A deficiency, which Agricultural Policy. highly nutritious tomato varieties. causes stunting and major growth About 70% of the region’s Bvumbwe tomatoes are disease defects.

11| Agriculture Agriculture |12 Malawi has the fifth-highest stunting rate in the world with “The tomato is a key ingredient in cooking 53% of children under the age of one suffering from this growth at all levels of society. And with these defect, according to the World Bank. varieties of tomato you can provide extra It’s here where the Bvumbwe vitamin A to the lowest income group of research station’s results make a real difference. Managed by families in the country. It’s a big plus for the Thomson Chilanga, the station population’s nutrition.” developed the two new varieties Simon Mwale Acting CCARDESA Executive Director to thrive in the specific conditions of Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. “The area is conducive to a Chilanga. “Our livelihoods have improved Austin Banda, operations number of crops. Farmers like to He adds that the local farmers because of the proceeds of the manager in one of them, says: grow different types of crops and “are now feeding the students, sales of these Bvumbwe tomatoes. “We’ve been in business for the government is emphasising the hospital patients and Because of them I can now afford around 20 years, providing diversification. In our research, we even prisoners. These various school fees. I bought dairy cows technical support from seeds to also think about the market and markets need to be linked to and pigs and can now feed my harvesting. We started with one what people want,” Chilanga says. the agri-dealers, extension family properly,” adds Matebule. outlet and now we have seven,” he Their research and innovations staff and farmers. This leads Before the programme, most says. platform includes the entire to sustainability through the children in the village did not Banda’s Blantyre shop is busy food pipeline – from farmers to Jonathan Matebule, chairman of the Challenge Project Group development of agriculture go to school. Now enrolment is with farmers and other clients extension officers, wholesalers, technology.” at 100%, which the community purchasing chemicals, seeds retail outlets and distribution it possible for all key actors to Bvumbwe 2 varieties. Once an innovation platform links directly to the income and fertiliser along with small centres. This participatory identify and resolve challenges “We’ve even seen some is established, the scientists step from agricultural product sales, implements and pumps. research approach, facilitated along the value chain together. business people and consumers in back and the farmers take over especially the Bvumbwe tomatoes. CCARDESA’s Dr Mwale is through CCARDESA, makes The tomatoes are already a Mozambique coming into Malawi the management of the entire Change is also evident in the emphatic about the success of the regional success story: The seed is and we linked them up with process. This new approach was village’s houses. Where previously humble tomato. being distributed in neighbouring the farmers in Lukya village in promoted and supported under they were made of mud and “This is a success for three Mozambique and Zimbabwe Thyolo so there’s now an exchange the Sub-Saharan Challenge straw, thanks to new profits they reasons: Firstly improving where farmers have started of produce, which has been Programme led by the Forum are now built from bricks and agriculture research amongst planting the Bvumbwe 1 and welcomed by local farmers,” says for Agricultural Research in with corrugated iron roofs. A SADC Member States, secondly Africa at the continental level few villagers even upgraded from it encourages innovations to flow and coordinated by CCARDESA, bicycles to motorbikes, which from one country to another, a SADC subsidiary, in Southern handle the rough terrain better. and thirdly it encourages intra- Africa. Matebule is not the only one regional trade.” Farmer Jonathan Matebule is in the village who’s seen his life SADC Programme: chairman of the Challenge Project change. Agriculture remains the primary Group in Lukya, a village perched Agnes Jakaramba began hers source of nutrition, employment on a hilltop overlooking the as a farmworker on other people’s and income for 61% of SADC citizens. Its critical importance highest point in Malawi, Malanje fields. Today she owns her own led to the SADC Multi-Country Mountain. one-hectare farm on which she Agricultural Productivity “The researchers came with grows vegetables. “We irrigate Programme (SADC MAPP) in 2008. The SADC MAPP is a a number of varieties but the early in the morning, then (again) fifteen year programme, broken Bvumbwe responded best,” says later in the afternoon. I also down into three five-year phases. Matebule. “After I was trained by fertilise my field. It’s a hard life but The goal of the MAPP is to the scientists, I planted this crop,” I’m my own boss and I’m feeling enhance agricultural research, technological innovation and he says, pointing at his tomatoes, good now,” she says. dissemination, and the linkages which soon became the envy of In Blantyre, support also comes among agricultural institutions in Agnes Jakaramba cultivates her own land in Lukya village other farmers. from agri-business focused shops. the SADC region.

13| Agriculture Agriculture |14 Gateway to SADC’s Future

The multimillion dollar upgrade of the Walvis Bay port opens new opportunities for regional trade.

It’s a different thing every day,” says as the logistics hub for SADC more and Immanuel Hango, standing on the more each year, but the issue was always the dock and beaming at a crane as it hauls space,” says Gelderbloem. “containers from a line of trucks onto a Namport expects that the upgraded Walvis waiting ship. Bay port can serve SADC for the next 50 Since he was a child growing up in the years. The upgrade will double the amount North of Namibia, all Hango ever wanted of goods flowing to and from SADC through was to be an engineer. In 2016 he was one the port. of 100 Young African Leaders who travelled Phase 1 of the upgrade is a liquid bulk to the United States to meet then-President terminal with space for two tankers, which Barack Obama. Now he is one of the will ultimately connect to a 100-hectare engineers working at Namport, Namibia’s tanker farm where goods will be stored port authority, building the future of his before being shipped out across the SADC country. region. Next, a liquid natural gas terminal Walvis Bay has its sights set on becoming will be constructed to feed a planned power the preferred gateway for some of the station, followed by a dry bulk terminal to landlocked SADC countries. Driving handle the import and export of goods from this initiative is a massive investment in across the region. At the same time, Walvis infrastructure in the region, including USD Bay is expanding its container terminal. 300 million in upgrades to the corridors Increasing trade throughout the region linking Walvis Bay to the rest of SADC and is a goal of both the SADC Protocol a USD 2.3 billion upgrade to the existing on Transport, Communications, and Walvis Bay port. Meteorology and the SADC Regional “The port master plan that looks at this Indicative Strategic Development Plan. new area (and) identified the need for the Improving the transport infrastructure port to serve not just our small population across borders is also a key focus of the in Namibia, but the whole of SADC,” says Regional Infrastructure Development Master Elzevir Gelderbloem, the Executive Secretary Plan, which projects that SADC port traffic of Namport. will increase from 92 million tons in 2009, to “Since independence, Namibia has served 500 million by 2027.

15| Transport Transport|16 “The port master plan that looks at this new area, identified the need for the port to serve not just our small population in Namibia, but the whole of SADC.” Elzevir Gelderbloem Executive Secretary of Namport

agreements.” old road connecting Walvis SADC Strategy: In 2004 WBCG led an initiative Bay with nearby Swakopmund The Regional Infrastructure to build a bridge at Katimo is undergoing a USD 75 Development Master Plan (RIDMP) Mulilo, linking Namibia with million upgrade. The new dual The upgrades will double the capacity of the Walvis Bay Port is the backbone of SADC’s infrastructure vision for the future. Zambia as part of the Walvis Bay- carriageway will be primarily It aims to develop and maintain Ndola-Lubumbashi Corridor. for the use of heavy transport These volumes can only be the transport infrastructure in the “It’s almost like developing a servicing Walvis Bay and is achieved if Member States region and to harmonise policies warehouse for SADC through expected to be finished in 2018. continue to make it easier to trade around transport. Key to this is Walvis Bay. If you look at Brazil For Namport engineer Hango, across regional borders. the ability of Member States to and the rest of South America, the future – for the port and for “Regional integration is a implement transport reforms and to ensure sustainable funding for it takes 20 days to get to the the region – is bright. tool, and it is a very important the maintenance and provision economic centres of the world, “This whole upgrade is built strategy for development,” says of infrastructure. The RIDMP but it takes seven days for a ship around the idea of being the Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax, also seeks to stimulate economic to get to Walvis Bay from Brazil, gateway into SADC,” he says. “If the Executive Secretary of SADC. development by fostering public- and it’s only us who can do that.” you come back in a few years, “Through our free trade regime private partnerships and promoting regional development corridors. In Walvis Bay, the streets it’s going to be the Singapore of we have eliminated tariffs, so that are alive with industry as the Africa.” within SADC you get a bigger market for your products, but you Phase one, the Liquid Natural Gas terminal materials and general cargo like can also compete with products supermarket products and frozen from outside of the region,” Dr condition and there are plans Lubumbashi Corridor to the food.” Tax notes. to upgrade these corridors with Northeast crosses into Zambia, The development and The SADC Free Trade Area, rail connections. In that way we creating a critically important maintenance of the corridor which took effect in 2008, is based will serve the SADC region,” says trade route for goods to and from infrastructure connecting Walvis on the SADC Protocol on Trade. Gelderbloem. the Zambian copperbelt and Bay to the rest of SADC is driven The protocol aims to liberalise The port is located along four Lubumbashi, the second-largest by the WBCG. Founded in 2000, trade relations between Member key development corridors. To city in the Democratic Republic the group’s mandate is to engage States, stimulate the investment the east it connects to the Trans- of Congo. in business development by environment and spur economic Kalahari Corridor, which is the “Lubumbashi is landlocked. We promoting the port of Walvis Bay growth. preferred route for time-sensitive don’t have direct connections to as a viable trade route for goods Namport’s CEO is is keenly goods going to Botswana and the (Congolese) ports at Banana to enter and exit SADC. aware of the Walvis Bay port’s South Africa. To the North, or Boma,” says Kabash Munung, “Our stance has always been regional dimension. the Trans-Cunene Corridor the Business Development that, like the African proverb, you “Part of the business case for serves Southern Angola, and Manager for the Walvis Bay eat an elephant piece by piece,” this port is connections to get to the South, the Trans-Oranje Corridor Group (WBCG) in says CEO Johny Smith. “We took products to and from SADC. Corridor services the mining Lubumbashi. “But we use Walvis time to assess and understand our The road corridors around the and agricultural centres of South Bay as our gateway to the ocean, neighbours. And only upon that port are currently in excellent Africa. The Walvis Bay-Ndola- where we can import mining did we develop relationships and

17| Transport Transport|18 Beefing up Trade

SADC initiatives have boosted trade between Member States and with the rest of the world, a trend set to continue with the renewed focus on regional industrialisation.

n Africa, the size of your herd strategy. relates directly to your financial Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and social value. Keeping cattle and Zimbabwe already benefit from for meat and leather production the global demand for leather goods Ihas long contributed to the formal such as shoes, bags and leather seats and informal industries in most for luxury vehicles. Growing this SADC countries. Realising this success is one of SADC’s objectives. strength, the SADC Industrialisation Since the SADC Trade Protocol Strategy proposes to grow the was signed in 1996, liberalisation region’s herd and thus wealth of all of imports and exports among the people. Growing the herd involves 15 Member States has multiplied facilitated connection between cattle, mutually beneficial trade flows meat and leather traders across within the SADC region and boosted SADC borders and a joint export investment.

19| Industrialisation Industrialisation |20 growth and development of the regional leather industry. Easier regional trade allows local companies to access the best inputs available instead of having to procure everything at home – be it cattle feed, calves or treated “First we provided for ourselves, now leather. Regional collaboration is we export to places like the European all about realising and combining each country’s individual strength Union.” and moving as a stronger region. Arekipo Modise The positive impact of these Public Relations Officer initiatives has been immediate Botswana Meat Commission for traders. The Botswana Meat Commission (BMC), for instance, has made plans to expand both local and international relationships, says CEO Dr Akolang Tombale. grade leather. Its workforce has practical level: The BMC shares certified stamps on the sides of “The BMC is one of the three grown from a few dozen twenty a marketing company with beef inside the processing plant. main meat businesses in Africa years ago to well over 500 today. neighbours in Namibia, which It’s a relationship that has that export to Europe. We are “We have a growing trade has helped grow sales for both been further deepened by the the largest, followed by the meat in raw leather to South Africa countries outside Africa. SADC-EU Economic Partnership corporations of Namibia and where they’re using it in the car This is good news for those in Agreement, signed in June 2016 Swaziland. In 2013, for example, industry, clothing and other the industry. In Gaborone, feedlot between the EU and Botswana, we sent 6,000 tons (of meat) to consumables,” he says. owner Werner Faber says local Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Feedlot owner Werner Faber Europe and in 2016 it was 10,000 One beneficiary is Handel skills are being used to produce South Africa and Swaziland. The tons of beef and leather. That Street Upholsterers in and manufacture a range of feed agreement keeps all those exports At the same time, Member The effects were felt constitutes around 53% of our Johannesburg, South Africa. sorts for local herds. to the EU duty free and supports States strive for policies that immediately by thousands of revenue,” says Tombale. Handel produces high quality “Through the support of the the participating SADC countries provide incentives to invest in the livestock traders in Zambia and The BMC is also the biggest car interiors for customers industry, we have a few hundred in meeting the EU standards region. Zimbabwe. In the long run, this producer of leather in the region, throughout the region. staff now. There are a lot of required to obtain the necessary Through its Industrialisation change is contributing to the accounting for 75% of the highest Marketing Director Ashraf positives and things look great for stamps. Strategy, an ambitious masterplan Ismail says the industry is the future,” says Faber. For SADC citizens like Modise, for the region’s industrial growing exponentially: “Rising The employment created by these regional initiatives – development over the next consumer preference for businesses linked to beef and combined with entrepreneurial five decades, SADC is seeking retrofitting of vehicles with leather is vital to the economy of productivity – have had real to continue the success of the leather upholstery is further Botswana. impact on their lives. Trade Protocol and other trade supporting growth of the market Back at the meat processing initiatives. through the aftermarket channel.” plant, there’s a man who believes SADC Strategy: The SADC Industrialisation One of those is a direct action While quality Botswana implicitly in the Botswana meat Strategy and Roadmap 2015- that benefits traders in live cattle. leather is used, buyers of these industry. Arekipo Modise started 2063 recognises the necessity In 2012, farmers pointed out that products can be further afield. out as a security guard at the for the structural transformation “Nigeria is expected to be the BMC plant in 2002 and is now its of the SADC region through Botswana only issued livestock industrialisation, modernisation, import and transit permits in largest consumer of leather for public relations officer. upgrading, skills development, Gaborone, 1 000km away from the automotive interiors on the “We can immediately see from science and technology, financial border posts that link its slaughter continent, burgeoning growth the meat how valuable it is and strengthening and deeper regional integration. It promotes a strategic houses with neighbouring cattle- of the global automotive interior it is then stamped appropriately. shift from reliance on resources farming nations. With the support leather market,” Ismail says. First we provided for ourselves, and low-cost labour to increased of SADC, Botswana decided to And the leather industry now we export to places like investment and enhanced productivity of both labour and issue the permits in other places already benefits from stronger the European Union,” he says, capital. across the country as well. Dr Akolang Tombale regional integration on a proudly pointing at the EU

21| Industrialisation Industrialisation |22 Breaking Banking Barriers

SADC’s initiative for regional banking has helped Member States improve their banking systems and broaden access for the region’s citizens.

anking has remained out of reach integration was the introduction of the for millions of Southern African SADC Integrated Regional Electronic citizens, prompting regulators and Settlement System (SIRESS) as a cross- banks to work harder to ensure border payment solution. All SADC Bthat more than a privileged few benefit currencies, including the US Dollar, have from banking services. been approved by the Committee of Many people in rural areas of the Central Bank Governors as settlements in region may never see the inside of a bank. SIRESS. Statistics released by the State Bank of According to SADC Banking Association Mauritius, for example, show that up Executive Secretary Maxine Hlaba, the to 80% of Africa’s adult population is system is paying off across the region. unbanked for a range of reasons. “We now have 83 participants on SIRESS The SADC Protocol on Finance and made up of 76 commercial banks and seven Investment, signed in 2006, addresses some central banks. Fourteen countries are now of these challenges. It seeks to accelerate live on SIRESS, and we continue to bring growth, investment and employment in on board more banks,” says Hlaba. the region through increased cooperation, She adds: “As at the end of April 2017, coordination and management of the total number of transactions settled macroeconomic, monetary and fiscal through SIRESS was 733,597, representing policies. It also works to establish and a value of USD 244.7 billion.” sustain macroeconomic stability as a There are also local benefits as the precondition for sustainable economic banking association has worked to help growth and for the creation of a monetary banks in Member States to attain the union in the region. necessary levels of delivery to join as well One initiative for greater financial as to promote financial inclusion.

23|Finance Finance |24 and on the SADC Finance and Investment Protocol specifically. Nkungula says Malawi backs SIRESS fully and banks in her “About 75% of Malawi’s people have access country are now able to focus on to mobile phones, which means we have growing their client base not just among local citizens but further to reach out to the unbankable populations afield too. “We cannot work as an island; through mobile phones.” we have to work with each other because there’s a lot of cross- Lyness Nkungula border trading with neighbouring Institute of Bankers Executive Director countries – it’s one of the main reasons why we joined SIRESS. We have seen cross-border trade volume grow from 10% to around 30% and this means a Mobile banking business is big in Malawi greater reliance on intra-regional Bankers knows that co-operation banking,” she says. with national regulators is vital. In Malawi, for instance, sector. Partnerships between banks “The SADC banking system has the challenge to get people Nkungula says bankers in and non-banks have grown, linked us to so many countries as into the banking system is not Malawi are aware that SIRESS according to Nkungula. Through well as members,” she says. “The only economic but also one of is vital to allow the nation to such arrangements, banks are local banks can’t work within just perception. Citizens believe brick continue to develop: “We decided able to offer products beyond Malawi, the growth will be small. and mortar institutions are only to join SIRESS in October 2015 bill payments and remittance Their growth is quicker if they link for the rich, according to the because we’re a family within the activities such as savings, credit up with other banks in the region Institute of Bankers’ Executive SADC region and thought that if and insurance. and even outside Africa.” Director Lyness Nkungula. left out, then we’d be left out for “The perception in Malawi This is borne out by SADC “About 75% of Malawi’s people good in terms of technology. It that banks are only for the rich banking statistics, which show that have access to mobile phones, would have become challenging is changing, and technology and banking within the region fulfils a which means we have to reach out for us to trade with the other innovation will help speed up key need of citizens and business. to the unbankable populations countries in the region.” this process,” says Nkungula. “We In 2015, for example, 55% of through mobile phones,” she says, Malawi joined Angola, have ten banking groups and a banking transactions were from adding that there are definitely Botswana, DRC, Lesotho, population of around 17 million. one Member State to another. opportunities for expansion. Namibia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Of these only about 30% are Bank clients waiting to move money It means financial frontiersmen All of Malawi’s ten banking Seychelles, South Africa, bankable, it means a lot of banks and women with technologically group are adopting new Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and competing for a few customers.” Director of Malawi Human Rights banking, there is no interest appropriate offerings that are technologies. As members of Zimbabwe – who are all part of As new technology becomes for Girls with Disabilities, says the charged.” backed by SADC’s Finance and SIRESS, they recognise the need the SADC Banking Association more widely adopted, there will be new banking technologies have Another community benefitting Investment Protocol are set to to focus on the majority of the constituted in 1998 – in the a surge towards mobile banking. helped her organisation and its from an improvement in banking benefit and set to better serve their population who do not yet have SIRESS process. “At the moment not every bank members. technology are village banking clients too. formal bank accounts. The SADC Banking Association has mobile banking, but that’s the “People with disabilities groups. With banking groups, SADC Protocol: The Institute of Bankers in provides a regional banking direction in which they have to benefit from not waiting in bank people pool their cash at weekly In order to speed up growth, Malawi is working closely with leadership platform for strategic go,” says Nkungula. queues or struggling to walk long meetings and bank as a collective. investment and employment the financial sector to use mobile direction and to promote and One group of the population distances to a bank,” she says. Mobile banking has allowed in the SADC region, Member States in 2006 passed the phone-driven technology to add transform the whole of the region that has noted new mobile “Mobile banking is simple and these groups to send their money SADC Protocol on Finance and millions of new customers. The into a single economic bloc. Its banking services are citizens with easy; handy and immediate.” through a trusted system. It Investment. The protocol aims Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM) establishment was tied to the disabilities. They can now access The cost of mobile cash has helped promote the idea of to improve and facilitate the free movement of capital and labour, published guidelines for digital need for a federation of banking funds and move money without transactions is also cheap. Nkonya joint accounts and community goods and services and to create financial services and drafted the associations as the interface having to travel, often at great adds: “If you want to move money development through collective appropriate institutions and E-Money Regulation and Payment on matters relating to regional difficulty, to an actual bank. using other systems you have to savings. mechanisms to achieve these Systems Law to guide the financial financial integration in general Stella Nkonya, the Executive pay a service fee but with mobile Nkungula from the Institute of objectives.

25| Finance Finance |26 Sharing SADC’s White Gold

Taking care of the region’s water resources requires an integrated approach to water management. It’s a lesson shared by ORASECOM’s four members – Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa – who are restoring the Lesotho Wetlands to keep the Orange-Senqu River alive.

hen rain falls Lesotho highlands. The wetlands of the nation.” over the Lesotho absorb water during rainy season In 2000, SADC Member States highlands, 3,500 and release it into the river system signed the Revised Protocol metres above sea periodically, supporting a steady on Shared Watercourses in the Wlevel, it flows into the Orange- flow and mitigating the effects interest of better managing the Senqu River – one of the largest of both flooding and drought region’s shared water resources. rivers in Africa. Over a distance of downstream. The protocol saw the creation 2,200km it winds its way through However, in recent years, of a number of bodies, among South Africa and Namibia, degradation of the wetlands has them the Orange-Senqu River with tributaries stretching into reduced their capacity to retain Commission (ORASECOM), Botswana. and release water. This has risked which exists to manage the Throughout its course the river the flow of water throughout the Orange-Senqu river system among plays a vital economic role for entire riparian system. the four countries that are part of local people. In the highlands of “We are aware that our it: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia Lesotho where dams have been grasslands are deteriorating and and South Africa. erected to create hydropower, that there is a shortage of water,” “There are 15 shared the sale of the headwaters of the says Mpiti Letse, Chief of the Ha watercourses in SADC, each Orange-Senqu generates 33% of Tlhaku village in the Khubelu with their own issues,” says Lesotho’s Gross Domestic Product. Wetland of Lesotho. “There Phera Ramoeli, SADC’s Senior And as it flows through Gauteng, is a plant called Diphophotho Programme Officer for Water. it contributes to 26% of South which used to grow in our fields “ORASECOM has a number of Africa’s economy. but has stopped growing due successful initiatives. They now Because of its immense value to the unwanted weeds. We are have a fully-fledged water resource to their country, the local Basotho trying to make sure that there is management strategy, which takes refer to their water resources drinking water for both us and our into account all of their initiatives as “White Gold”. The riparian livestock, and that the water in the to ensure that water resources of system of the Orange-Senqu is Qoadi River flows because it feeds the Orange-Senqu are managed to maintained by the wetlands of the the Senqu River, which is the river avoid potential conflict between

27| Watercourses Watercourses |28 “We are practising rotational associations want to take part. affecting people across national grazing/farming with the hopes Even communities from as far boundaries can be solved by of keeping all the grasslands in a away as Maseru (300 km away) people on the ground working good condition,” says Chief Letse. are approaching our offices for together – to create a solution with “The benefits of rotational grazing training,” he says. The number of regional benefits. will be evident during the winter grazing associations wanting to get season because there will still be involved has already exceeded all SADC Protocol: sufficient food for our livestock. expectations. The ORASECOM Secretariat is Another benefit is that it prevents “This shows the success that one of many institutions to come out of the Revised Protocol on soil erosion during heavy rains or is coming from Khubelu,” says Shared Watercourses passed in windy days.” Dr Fanana. “We look forward to 2000. The protocol calls for the By keeping the wetlands upscaling [the project] to the rest formation of institutions States for the 15 major shared watercourses functional, all four Orange-Senqu of the country. We have a realistic in the SADC region to manage countries benefit from improved shot at saving the wetlands; we them sustainably, equitably and grazing management by herders in have a winning formula.” reasonably towards the SADC goals of poverty alleviation and the Lesotho mountains. And this winning formula regional integration. The Sponge project is also shows that complex problems seeing an impact on the lives of those in the grazing associations. Before the project, farmers expected gestation rates of 30 to 40% in cattle, but now The Lesotho Highlands, 3500m above sea level farmers involved in the grazing associations report 100% gestation nations.” have only two million hectares of past, cattle herders allowed cattle rates. Others report substantially One potential source of conflict grazing land, so if you do the math to range freely during the day, higher yields of wool and mohair is the overgrazing in the Lesotho you see we need an area almost leaving them to eat only the more from flocks of sheep and goats. wetlands, which is beginning three times the size of Lesotho for palatable plants of their choosing. “When the project first started to have negative effects on the our cattle.” This accelerated the decimation only a few grazing associations resources downstream. The The Sponge project works with of these plants and created a void wanted to take part,” says the Head Protection of the Orange-Senqu the residents of the wetlands to in the environment, leading to the of the Water Resources Division of Water Sources (Sponge) project establish grazing associations degradation of the rangelands. the Lesotho Department of Water works with Lesotho’s Department composed of stakeholders within By implementing high density Affairs, Dr Makomereng Fanana. of Range Resources Management the wetlands. grazing, herders restrict the cattle’s “Now just about all the grazing The Orange-Senqu river system and the Department of Water One technique implemented grazing to limited areas, giving Affairs to address the wetland’s by the grazing associations is depleted plants in other areas time degradation through a technique called high density grazing. In the to regrow. known as holistic grazing management. “According to the 2006 census, we had 70,000 animal units in Lesotho,” says Dr Rats’ele Rats’ele, Director of the Department of Range Resources Management. An animal unit refers to the rough mass of one cattle or the equivalent weight of smaller livestock. “Each animal unit requires eight hectares of land to graze each year (in order) to prevent degradation of the land,” he says. “However, we Lesotho’s wetlands keep the Orange-Senqu flowing The project shows that herders can impact the entire riparian system

29| Watercourses Watercourses |30 A Journey to Development

The SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan (RIDMP) and the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology underpin regional development corridors. The Moatize-Nacala railway illustrates the benefits of corridors based on well-maintained infrastructure and seamless transport services.

n November 2016, the upgraded. is the blueprint for realising first train and coaches to The Nacala-Moatize railway the concept in practice. For travel the 912km between is one of the corridors under the the Nacala corridor, this meant the coal fields of Tete RIDMP and was delivered by a generating long-term investment IProvince in Mozambique and public-private partnership with returns, focusing jobs in the the new port of Nacala set off. the government of Mozambique. region to reduce poverty, The railway, traversing Malawi, The concept of spatial making it easier for agribusiness is an important link between the corridors and spatial to grow, and contributing to coal producing province and the development initiatives seeks more economic, social and closest major port. The train’s to facilitate the development environmental progress. arrival at Nacala ushered in a of trade, industry, agriculture, The African Development new era for SADC. mining, energy, tourism Bank provided USD 300 million While the port of Beira had and other resources. These for Malawi and Mozambique in been handling the coal shipments resources are inherent in the order to upgrade infrastructure in the past, it was unable to deal zones traversed by regional and ensure the maintenance with increased capacity, making infrastructure networks such as for the railway line. Small and it necessary to build a line to roads and railways. medium sized businesses were Malawi where it would join an The RIDMP, approved in earmarked for growth by the existing line that needed to be 2012 by SADC Member States, development bank.

31| Infrastructure Infrastructure|32 SADC Protocol: Through the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology, signed “I am now a proud owner of a beautiful in 1996, Member States agreed to establish transport, house that I built with my own money – communications and meteorology systems which provide efficient, something I never dreamt would happen in cost-effective and fully integrated infrastructure and operations my lifetime.” which best meet the needs of Hillgud Kukhala customers and promote economic Former construction worker and social development while being environmentally and economically sustainable.

a herd of livestock and supports his widowed mother with monthly remittances. But the benefits have gone One stretch of the existing similar projects. carry more than 20 million tons beyond faster rail transport railway line had a speed limit “It was on the basis of the of coal a year whose destinations and construction jobs: As a of 10km per hour. After the Maputo corridor success story that will include the Americas, Eastern result of the technological refurbishment, trains can now the same concept was replicated Asia, Europe and India, among demand of scheduling, the ICT run at up to 60km per hour there. for the Beira and Nacala corridors, others. sector supporting the railway’s Through such improvements, and subsequently to Zambezia “Right now we’re sitting at a management has benefited. coal can now be transported from with the intention of transporting capacity of 18 million tons of coal And an access road through Moatize to Nacala in half the time coal from Moatize,” she says. per annum and four million tons Nampula and Nacala to support it took previously. “It is intended that these capacity for general cargo,” says the corridor’s construction was Corridor manager Sara Taibo corridors not be limited to Taibo. upgraded and is now being used says the success of the Maputo handling coal, but also to handle In 2016 the route handled 631 by motorists. Development Corridor, linking other cargo and goods coming thousand tons. “This year, it is The general objective Mozambique’s capital to South from neighbouring countries.” expected to handle 2.1 million of the SADC Protocol on Africa, helped secure funds for The corridor will be able to tons and 85 000 of containerised Transport, Communications cargo,” she says. and Meteorology is to “establish Part of the construction transport, communications and challenge was that the new track meteorology systems which had to be laid between Moatize in provide efficient, cost-effective and Mozambique and connect with the fully integrated infrastructure and existing railway line near Liwonde operations, which best meet the in Southern Malawi. needs of customers and promotes Fifty-year-old plumber economic and social development 92 million tonnes in 2009 to 500 of the factors which delay cargo Hillgud Kukhala was one of the while being environmentally and million tonnes by 2027. include poor road, rail and port construction workers employed economically sustainable”. SADC says the RIDMP facilities, and slow clearances by to work on parts of the railway. The RIDMP was instituted after transport and corridor upgrades regulatory agencies. Kukhala said he had no idea that it SADC realised that goods moving will cost USD 100 billion over Bolstering the region’s would change his life. from landlocked SADC countries fifteen years. Most regional ports infrastructure by expanding and “I am now a proud owner of a would increase from 13 million handle only 30-50% of the transit making better use of existing beautiful house that I built with tons in 2009 to 50 million tons cargo, which means secondary deep-water ports such as Nacala my own money – something I by 2030 and 148 million by 2040, ports need to be developed and Walvis Bay are important never dreamt would happen in my at an average annual growth rate quickly. contributing factors to support lifetime,” says Kukhala. of 8.2%. The total port traffic in Many SADC ports are currently the further developments of the The railway is expected to handle 2,1 million tons of cargo Besides the house, he now owns Southern Africa will jump from operating near capacity and some SADC economy.

33| Infrastructure Infrastructure|34 KAZA Develops and Nurtures Region’s Tourism The Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area contains a world class tourism product and provides the means to sustain it. eep in the heart of that impacts negatively on development,” says Dr Paul the SADC region, the communities. When the local Funston, the Senior Director of Kavango Zambezi people see a cow or a goat or Lion and Cheetah Programmes Transfrontier a donkey, they see their bank for Panthera. “Lions are the DConservation Area (KAZA accounts. They can sell a cow number one species that tourists TFCA) – a wildlife conservation for a few hundred dollars and want to see in Africa. In areas area on a massive scale – is send their child to school, “says where you have a photographic creating a unique platform for Lovemore Sibanda, the Project tourism industry, a lion could be conservation of the region’s Coordinator of the Long Shields worth about USD 100,000 over its natural resources. Lion Guardian Programme. lifetime.” Within the Hwange National “Our latest research suggests that SADC Member States moved Park in Zimbabwe, at the retaliatory killing by farmers is to protect these ecologically south-eastern tip of the KAZA the biggest cause of lion decline in and economically important TFCA, the Trans-Kalahari Hwange.” animals through the conversation Predator Project uses a “We often go to park area. The heads of state of remarkable approach to restore management and alert them Angola, Botswana, Namibia, the relationship between local when there is a ‘problem animal’. Zambia and Zimbabwe signed residents and lions. We go out with our vuvuzelas and the KAZA Treaty in 2011. The The project equips community they go out with their rifles, and treaty expanded and combined members with a cellphone because we coordinate our actions existing conservation areas in for communication, a bicycle we find that we are successful in each Member State, leading to for mobility and a vuvuzela, a chasing lions (away).” the establishment of one of the traditional African instrument, As humans have pushed further world’s largest conservation areas. for making noise. These people, into the migratory routes and With 36 national parks and known as the Long Shields, then dispersal areas of large mammals, game reserves covering 520,000 ride out with guidance from there has been a decline in those square kilometres – almost the satellite data to make noise, species. The number of lions size of Botswana – the KAZA driving the lions away from in Africa decreased from an TFCA today is the world’s largest livestock owned by communities estimated 450,000 in the 1940s to transfrontier conservation area. It within Hwange. In doing so, they barely more than 20,000 today. houses some of the region’s most reduce conflicts between the Between 3,000 and 4,000 of these spectacular tourist attractions, predators and the residents of the live in the KAZA TFCA. ranging from at the KAZA TFCA. “Wildlife contributes massively Zambia-Zimbabwe border to the “When lions kill livestock, to the region’s socio-economic Okavango Delta.

35| Tourism Tourism|36 of community-based approaches to conservation means that rural communities are increasingly at the centre of conservation and “I myself am from around here, and right development programmes – now I am a project manager because of the making them a key role player in KAZA’s success,” says Dr wildlife.” Mtsambiwa. “There are a number of cross- Lovemore Sibanda border tourism products that are Project Coordinator of the Long Shields Community Guardian being developed in transfrontier Programme Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe conservation areas,” says Deborah Kahatano, the Senior Programme A network of conservation NGOs operate in the KAZA TFCA Officer for Natural Resources and Wildlife at the SADC Secretariat. survival of high value species like key stakeholders across borders SADC’s support has also led in the Regional Indicative “I see conservation and tourism SADC Protocol: elephants and lions in Africa,” for mutual benefit. to the harmonisation of policy Strategic Development Plan as two sides of the same coin,” she To protect and market the says Dr Funston. Long Shields coordinator and cross-border regulations (RISDP), SADC’s development adds. “Our tourism in Southern world class tourism products “KAZA is one of the great Lovemore Sibanda is pursuing as well as to the development blueprint for the period until Africa is dependent on wildlife offered by the region, the SADC Protocol on the Development opportunities for research and his doctorate through Oxford of infrastructure in the TFCA. 2020. so without nature conservation, of Tourism seeks to realise conservation. It’s bigger, it’s more University based on the Combined with the introduction “In 2015, a Master Integrated tourism would lose its most the full potential of the SADC complex, and if we can learn how conservation work of the Hwange of the SADC Univisa, this allows Development Plan (MIDP) prominent product. And without region’s tourism capabilities through sustainable, equitable to do it here, surely we can apply Predator Project. tourists to move more easily was approved by the partner tourism, there would not be development. The protocol, those lessons to other areas in “Since the project has begun, between the different attractions. countries,” says Dr Morris sufficient financial resources signed in 1998, aims to market Africa.” we have seen a fifty percent The KAZA TFCA is rooted in Mtsambiwa, the Executive available to fund the required the region as a single tourism Dr Funston was recently decline in violence between the ideals of the SADC Protocol Director of the KAZA TFCA conservation efforts.” destination and allow for the free movement of tourists in the involved in founding the communities and lions,” says on Wildlife Conservation and Secretariat. “To ensure integrated “As a region, we need to region. KAZA Carnivore Conservation Sibanda. “There is hope that they Law Enforcement. The protocol development at a regional level, enhance these resources so we are Coalition. The coalition will see that a lot of people get commits Member States to it identified the following as key: able to share the benefits,” says potential, I would draw fourteen allows the KAZA Secretariat, employed as trackers, as waiters, “promote the conservation natural resources management, Kahatano. circles, and twelve of them and a network of NGOs, and as drivers, or guides themselves of shared wildlife resources tourism development, livelihood A key aspect of the TFCA would be TFCAs. So it would researchers within KAZA to share because of the lions. through the establishment of development, integrated land- approach is the protection immediately be clear that and harmonise data. In line with “I myself am from around here, transfrontier conservation areas”. use planning and infrastructure of natural ecosystems, which learning to conserve across state the spirit of SADC, it promotes and right now I am a project The mandate of the KAZA TFCA development.” transcend national boundaries. boundaries is crucial to the collaboration and integration of manager because of the wildlife.” Secretariat, which coordinates the This multi-tiered approach has “If I were to look at a map of partner countries of the TFCA, created a unique opportunity in Africa and draw circles around compliments key goals enshrined the KAZA area. “The emergence areas with major conservation

Human predator conflict is the leading cause of lion decline in the KAZA Lions are the most in demand animal to the photographic tourism industry

37| Tourism Tourism|38 SADC’s Unique Platforms Established TFCAs Treaty Signed 1. /Ai/Ais - Richtersveld TP (Namibia/South Africa) for Conservation 2. Great Limpopo TP (Mozambique/ South Africa/ Zimbabwe) 3. Kavango - Zambezi TFCA (Angola/Botswana/Namibia/Zambia/ Zimbabwe) 4. Kgalagadi TP (Botswana/South Africa) Protocol signed 5. Lubombo TFCA Complex (Mozambique/South Africa/Swaziland) 6. Maloti - Drakensberg TFCDA (Lesotho/South Africa)

TFCAS UNDER ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS MoU Signed 7. Chimanimani TFCA (Mozambique/ Zimbabwe) 8. Greater Mapungubwe TFCA (Botswana/South Arica/Zimbabwe) 9. Iona - Skeleton Coast TFCA (Angola/Namibia) 10. Malawi - Zambia TFCA (Malawi/Zambia) 11. Mayombe Forest TFCA (Angola/Congo/DRC) 14 12. Mnazi Bay - Quirimbas TFCMA (Tanzania/Mozambique) 11 13. Niassa - Selous TFCA 10 13 12 (Tanzania/Mozambique) 15 16 CONCEPTUAL TFCAS 14. Kagera TFCA 9 3 (Rwanada/Tanzania/Uganda) 17 15. Liuwa Plain - Mussuma TFCA 7 18 (Angola/Zambia) 16. Lower Zambezi - Mana Pools TFCA 2 (Zambia/Zimbabwe) 4 8 17. ZIMOZA TBNRMP (Mozambique/Zambia/Zimbabwe) 1 5 18. Western Indian Ocean TFCA 6 (Comoros/France/Madagascar/Mauritius/ Mozambique/Seychelles/Tanzania)

39| Tourism Tourism|40 Tackling Climate Change Together

A common approach and strong regional instruments are supporting SADC’s island states which are most at risk from the impact of climate change.

t’s a blustery cloudy day large generators which produce important as part of the response in the town of Curepipe, electricity. to climate change. a few kilometres south of The Central Electricity Board, Grade 13 pupil Urmila Motar Mauritius’ capital Port Louis. a government-owned company, recognises that the project is IBut that doesn’t stop the Grade provides around 40% of the relevant beyond the shores of 13 girls of Hindu Girls College electricity sold across the grid Mauritius. “SADC and other from climbing the stairs to the system with the remainder organisations have supported roof to show off their pride and generated by independent power alternative energy and in this new joy – an array of solar panels. It’s producers. While most generation millennium it’s very important to the school’s response to climate is based on imported coal or note that projects like these are the change and they’re way ahead of diesel, some producers burn a future,” she says. their peers in most parts of the mixture of agricultural waste from Another example for the world. sugar plantations and coal. innovative use of solar energy School Rector Andrea Mauritius’ electricity demand is found in Zambia, where the Gungadin is excited by the project. is rising at just over 3% a year and sun powers agricultural water “In 2011 our board members an alternative method to provide pumps. Just north of the Zambian decided to start using sustainable power is needed on an island capital, , farmer Elias Moyo energy after the Mauritian washed by sun. It’s also obvious explained how he built his own government had begun a to those in education that this solar pump. campaign around these issues,” message needs to filter down to “Now I can grow breadfruit, she says. The school researched citizens. tomatoes, chillies, onions and solar energy and “the decision was “We regularly take our students ochra. When it’s dry, I just start taken to set up a three kilowatt up there to look at the system the pump on a sunny day and fill solar photovoltaic system on the and see that they’ll be able to use up the tank,” he says, pointing roof of the school”. these ideas in their own houses at a large green plastic tank. For Photovoltaic cells convert when they grow up and continue farmers like him, this means the sun’s energy directly into with this vision of a sustainable improved productivity. electricity which is then stored in Mauritius,” says Gungadin. From recharging mobile phones a large battery called an inverter Other schools in the area – and to supplying energy for lights so and provides most of the school’s from other SADC countries such that school children can do their power needs. Mauritius has as Seychelles and Tanzania – have homework at night, solar power no oil or gas deposits and has copied the idea at a time when improves countless lives in the been forced to import diesel for solar energy is becoming more region.

41| Climate Climate|42 momentum for joint action is gaining. “We now have SADC voting on the development of a “SADC and other organisations have regional programme of climate change which is great,” he says. supported alternative energy and in this “What we now see is SADC new millennium it’s very important to note working with the Indian Ocean Commission towards a cohesive that projects like these are the future.” plan to face this threat.” Andrea Gungadin “The regional bodies are School Rector working together and the people Hindu Girls College, Curepipe in the region want to see positive results,” Sinatambou adds. “Our people not only need but deserve to be helped, and the best way for this to happen is to show concrete In Mauritius’ capital, an early from recurrent floods,” said to climate change,” he says. As an outcomes.” adopter of green energy and one Sinatambou. example, he points to the global The RISDP also foresees Mauritian Environment Minister Etienne Sinatambou of SADC’s most enthusiastic “From 2003 to 2017, the sea climate negotiations in Paris in response plans to emergencies and sustainable energy experts is level rise has more than doubled 2015, where SADC provided the the Environment Minister says his harmonising systems and projects. SADC Policy: Environment Minister Etienne compared to the average for the platform for a common position. country has now put in place that “The commitment should not Climate change is of critical Sinatambou. last 25 years, and yet our rainfall The Member States’ common plan in Mauritius. just be saying ‘I am committed’. relevance to SADC, leading “The challenge for Mauritius is level has dropped to pre-1930 position for the so-called “The early warning system here We need also to implement the to the SADC Policy Paper on Climate Change in 2012. the most extreme in SADC. If you levels, so we need to be careful.” COP21 negotiations included against storm surges features a ideas. This needs to be done by The paper guides the region’s looked at the UN World Report Twenty percent of Mauritius’ an emphasis on adapting to six-day warning system which all of us, at different levels, the response to climate change 2016, we are the seventh most beaches are suffering from long- climate change while also determines both where the water government, public sector and the by suggesting that it be multi- disciplinary, breaking through exposed island country in the term erosion. For a country which focusing on mitigation through will strike the island and just how private sector,” Dr Tax says. silos on national and sectoral world to sea level rise,” he said. generates over 30% of its Gross finance, technology transfer and bad it will be. It’s this kind of As the school solar projects levels. It aligns the region Other SADC countries on the Domestic Product from tourism, adoption, and capacity building. specific plan that is most welcome highlights in Mauritius, the behind the vision of addressing list of exposed countries include this is a significant risk going For Southern Africa as one of by all SADC Member States.” the impacts of climate change region’s approach to climate through the successful Madagascar and Mozambique. forward. the regions most exposed to SADC Executive Secretary change has put innovation at implementation of adaptation “Already we have seen As the former minister of increasing temperatures and Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax the forefront of developing of and mitigation actions to accelerated sea level rise, foreign affairs and regional changing weather patterns, says success can only be ensured alternative energy models in enhance regional economic and social resilience. accentuated beach erosion, an integration, Sinatambou is well stabilising the amount of carbon through regional integration and Southern Africa. increase in both the frequency placed to discuss the role of SADC in the atmosphere while being and intensity of extreme weather around the island nations. able to develop its economies and a decreasing pattern in “SADC is now assisting is of paramount importance. rainfall so we are in real danger countries in the region with regard By speaking with one voice, the Member States ensured they were heard on the global stage. Climate change is also a key aspect of the Regional Indicative Strategic Integration Plan (RISDP) which is guiding SADC’s agenda until 2020. It has led to the formulation of regional initiatives like the SADC Policy Paper on Climate Change, the SADC Water Sector Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, and the SADC Climate

th Change Strategy and Action Plan. Mauritius is the 7 most exposed island country to sea level rise Sinatambou believes that the The grade 13 science class of Hindu Girls College, Curepipe, Mauritius

43| Climate Climate|44 Produced with support from the SADC Secretariat Communications and Public Relations Unit

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45| Credits Democratic Republic of Congo

Seychelles Tanzania

Angola Malawi

Zambia

Mozambique Zimbabwe Madagascar

Botswana Namibia

Mauritius Swaziland

Lesotho

South Africa

ISBN 978-99968-448-6-7