SADC SUCCESS STORIES Volume 2 2017 ISBN 978-99968-448-6-7 The SADC Vision

The vision of SADC is one of a Common Future, a future within a regional community that will ensure economic wellbeing, improvement of the standards of living and quality of life, freedom and social justice, and peace and security for the people of southern Africa.

Vision |i ii| Intro Message from the Executive Secretary of the SADC Secretariat Regional integration is not only critical and important but is a necessary tool and strategy for development. Regional integration, in simple words, is about cooperation and economies of scale. SADC Member States have agreed to co-operate by pooling their resources together and implement transboundary projects with greater impact, and more benefit for their citizens. Some of these projects are featured in this second edition of the SADC Success Stories. The SADC Success Stories Edition is one of our communication tools to reach out to SADC citizens and enhance awareness about the positive impacts of our protocols, agreements, policies and strategies. In 2016/17, a team of experts travelled the SADC region to collect stories that highlight the recorded achievements and successes in implementing SADC regional development and integration agenda. The stories cover achievements in the infrastructure, trade and industrialisation, climate change, finance, peace and security, water management, agriculture and transfrontier conservation sectors. The team’s mission included trips overland, by sea and air in order to paint an accurate picture of how SADC regional integration programmes are changing the lives of SADC citizens for the better. Just to highlight a few, at the Zambezi River, they saw the construction of the Kazungula Bridge that will soon form a major transport link in the heart of the SADC region. In Malawi, they learned about the Bvumbwe tomato, which was developed to address the specific conditions of this region and the needs of the SADC population. And in Namibia’s Walvis Bay and Mozambique’s Nacala, they saw two entry points to the growing network of development corridors alongside which the SADC region will develop in the coming decades. These and other successes of regional integration are documented using films, photographs and text stories. Together with this publication, the short videos will be disseminated within the region and beyond to showcase our success. This production was made possible with support from the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the six programmes implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH as part of the German Development Cooperation with SADC. The first edition of the “SADC Success Stories”, launched in 2015, reached over one million SADC citizens through the print brochure, videos and social media. Through this second edition, we hope to inform more SADC citizens about the benefits of the SADC development and integration agenda and the importance of Member States rallying around a common agenda. These stories reflect SADC at a time when regional integration is already adding incalculable value to the lives of all citizens. With the renewed focus of Member States on industrialisation and regional infrastructure development, among other priorities, our joint efforts and commitments will be making the case for the continued integration of the SADC region.

July 2017 Dr. Stergomena Lawrence Tax Executive Secretary SADC

Intro |iii 1| Contents contents

Trade: Building Bridges for Economic Growth 3

Peacebuilding: Sweet Smell of Peace 7

Agriculture: Feeding the Region one Tomato at a Time 11

Transport: Gateway to SADC’s Future 15

Industrialisation: Beefing up Trade 19

Finance: Breaking Banking Barriers 23

Watercourses: Sharing SADC’s White Gold 27

Infrastructure: A Journey to Development 31

Tourism: KAZA Develops and Nurtures Region’s Tourism 35

Climate: Tackling Climate Change Together 41

Contents |2 3| Trade Building Bridges for Economic Growth

Construction workers at the Kazungula border post are doing more than building a bridge over a river – they are building a bridge for regional integration with the promise of greater economic growth.

n either sides of the Zambezi River, region, allowing goods to flow from the DRC hundreds of trucks queue to cross to South Africa and from the Indian to the the Kazungula border between Atlantic Ocean. Botswana and Zambia. Looking SADC’s Protocol on Trade has long Owest is Namibia, looking east Zimbabwe. It is recognised the need to facilitate trade in a popular route and one that is about to get SADC countries. It’s a key tool to stimulate even busier with the construction of the new economic growth and fight poverty in Kazungula Bridge already underway. Southern Africa. It commits SADC Member Previously, trucks could only cross two at a States to eliminating tariff and non-tariff time at the border using one of two ferries. The barriers, which would otherwise stem the free waiting period to make the crossing could take flow of goods throughout the region. up to three days. This turned into five days and In the first decade after the Trade Protocol more if one of the ferries broke down. The new went into effect in 2000, intra-SADC trade bridge promises to reduce waiting times to increased by 155%, from USD 13.2 billion to around two hours. about USD 34 billion. Now the Kazungula Since the SADC Free Trade Area was Bridge, deep in the heart of SADC, will introduced in 2008, intra-SADC trade has become a prominent pillar in further exploded. Now every day trucks and trains accelerating the expansion of trade between travel the length and breadth of the SADC the Member States.

Trade |4 “We are well settled here, better than where we were.”

Grace Mwashekabo Lumbo Village elder

In line with the Trade Protocol, Johannes Labuschagne, who has vehicle and crew utilization. the Regional Infrastructure been crossing the border for The bridge, which is estimated Development Master Plan seven years to transport copper to cost USD 259.3 million, is (RIDMP) facilitates the from Zambia to South Africa, jointly funded by the Botswana development of seamless, says the project is an exciting and Zambian governments and cost-effective trans-boundary initiative. His biggest challenge expected to be completed by infrastructure. The RIDMP is had been with broken down 2018. part of the SADC Infrastructure ferries. When this happened, it Zambian President Edgar Vision 2027, of which transport is regularly caused 5km of queuing Lungu, on a visit to Kazungula one of six pillars. The crossing at traffic, resulting in massive delays in February 2017 to check on the Kazungula was one of the missing for truck drivers like him. progress of the bridge, said: “If links to realising the North-South “We as a transporter feel the Zambia and Botswana succeed, Corridor identified under the greatest burden because when there will be more trade in the RIDMP. you are supposed to do two loads region and beyond.” The Kazungula Bridge is a month, you can only do one The project, President Lungu central to the corridor as it will load a month. So your turnover is said, was not just for Botswana ease high volumes of traffic in cut in half,” says Labuschagne. and Zambia. “It is intended to the region, facilitate trade, spur He particularly looks forward invite and excite investment from economic growth in the area and to the introduction of the one- outside so that Africans can begin beyond, and help prepare the stop border posts: “Once (your to trade among themselves,” he SADC region for the predicted truck) is cleared you drive said. population growth of 72 million straight across, stamp your people by 2027. passport and you are off to the SADC Protocol: Improved trade is fundamental Identified as a key project client. So that is going to be a big to regional integration. To this under SADC’s regional bonus for us.” end, the Protocol on Trade development plan, the bridge A one-stop border post will was signed in 1996 in order to is now spearheaded by the be placed on both sides of the liberalise trade within SADC, Botswana and Zambian bridge so that drivers stop only reduce barriers between nations, and stimulate production and governments. It entails replacing once at their point of exit/entry. economic development. Over the the Kazungula ferry with a After clearing customs the driver years this led to the elimination 930m road and rail bridge, with drives straight through to the of tariff barriers, and export and one-stop border posts for either next country. This eliminates import duties, culminating in the direction. duplication of processes and establishment of the SADC Free Trade Area. South African truck driver reduces time thereby increasing

5|Trade Construction of the Kazungula of the project was the successful Bridge has already created jobs resettlement of Botswana and skill-learning opportunities. villagers to nearby Lumbo. A mobile training unit was set Their community has seen up in 2013 on the Botswana side exponential growth since over to train the semi-skilled artisans USD 4 million were invested to needed for the construction of resettle the village and reimburse the Kazungula Bridge and other those affected. Once next to the infrastructure projects. main road leading to the border Funded by the Botswana post, the village is now a few Ministry of Transport and kilometres away. Communications, the unit Lumbo village elder Grace trained more than 700 semi- Mwashekabo remembers when skilled artisans including they had to fetch water from the bricklayers, tilers and carpenters. Zambezi River and some lived Botswana President Ian Khama in mud houses. Today the 34 proudly noted that two thirds families in the new village enjoy of those trained by the unit had their new houses, electricity, been able to secure jobs. running water and a school. This was also observed by “We are well settled here, To be completed in 2018 SADC Tripartite Transport better than where we were,” says and Transit Facilitation Mwashekabo. increase in traffic will mean more Program Adviser, Lovemore Some villagers have also been potential customers for them as Bingandadi: “The bridge employed as workers by the well. construction has created new Kazungula Bridge project. And “The iconic bridge stands economic opportunities for many women in the area are as a monument to regional locals and major construction informal traders who are selling integration as it is more than firms. Opening the bridge will to the high number of people a physical link between two certainly advance trade and crossing the Zambezi River on countries,” says Bingandadi. “It’s a transport facilitation.” a daily basis. When the bridge conduit for trade, transportation Another immediate benefit is completed, the expected and movement of people.”

The Kazungula Bridge Project has provided work opportunities to the community

Trade|6 Sweet Smell of Peace When SADC stepped in to support peace efforts in Madagascar, its efforts were carried out in the local spirit of fihavanana, which emphasises the kinship and mutual respect between all Malagasy people.

ugues Rotoarimanana’s business buys unconstitutional government. plants, herbs and other raw materials “SADC has a set of processes and mechanisms from around Madagascar and turns to deal with situations that threaten the peace them into essential oils. Cinnamon, and stability in the region,” says Jorge Cardoso, Hcloves, ylang-ylang, and rare plants like katrafay Director of the SADC Organ on Politics, Defence – which can only be found in Madagascar – are and Security. loaded into boilers so that their essence can be “It operates at the level of heads of states. There extracted and used to infuse oils for the finished is a head of state that is nominated annually to products sold to Rotoarimanana’s European follow the political processes in our region. The clients. peaceful resolution of conflicts is one of the main But in 2009, the then two-year-old business premises to address situations that occur in our faced its greatest challenge: a political crisis that Member States,” says Cardoso. turned Malagasy society upside down, disrupting The Organ was established through the Protocol the social and political order. Because of the on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation in instability in the country, Rotoarimanana’s 2001. The protocol affirms SADC’s commitment international investors pulled out of the business, to regional stability with the objective to “protect leaving his livelihood in jeopardy. the people and safeguard the development of “We have had uprisings before, but 2009 was the region against instability arising from the very different,” says Rotoarimanana. “The coup breakdown of law and order”. was really a bad thing because first they ousted a In March 2009, after the unconstitutional democratically elected president, and second they takeover, SADC suspended the membership of did it by force. We had families to feed but then Madagascar. The African Union, the United States suddenly no business. It was a disaster.” and other parts of the international community It began after a dispute erupted between the suspended their aid to Madagascar. Three months then-president and an opposition leader, leading later, the AU and the United Nations halted their to a period of intense conflict and confusion until mediation efforts, citing a lack of will on either the opposition took power unconstitutionally in side to seek reconciliation. March 2009. Many feared that Madagascar was on A week later, SADC dispatched former the brink of civil war. Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano as the “The politicians were really trying to instigate leader of a team tasked with mediating a peace tensions amongst the population of Madagascar,” process and creating a roadmap towards solving says Mahamadou Ndriandry, President of the the crisis. National Platform for Civil Society Organisations. “When Chissano came here, he came with the “A civil war has never happened here. Malagasy mindset of not only working with civil society people are really close. You would only have a civil organisations, but also to listen to what has been war if there was extreme tension.” done here on the ground, what is happening,” In an attempt to return the region to peace says Rasolo Andre, a former diplomat and now a and stability, international bodies, championed lecturer in Political Sociology at the University of by SADC, began to put pressure on the Antananarivo.

7| Peacebuilding Peacebuilding|8 “SADC was the door, which led the Malagasy people to understand that they live in the African continent and that they are not alone.” Rasolo Andre Former Malagasy first consul to Russia, now lecturer in Political Sociology at the University of Antananarivo

“It’s important because when agreement that peaceful elections they allowed the Malagasy people would take place in 2013 in which to take part in the decision no former presidents could take making, they enhanced the part. sustainability of the outcome. The period of disruption ended Also, they came here to facilitate when in December 2013, Hery the process. They were involved Rajaonarimampianina was elected as facilitators but leaving the to the presidency. The elections Malagasy approach to take place were declared free and fair by at all times,” he adds. international observers. The The SADC intervention led to following month, Madagascar was the establishment of a roadmap, reinstated as a SADC member, which emphasised that peace and international aid returned to needed to be restored. This led to the island. the creation of a national dialogue Addressing the African Union process which came to be called Peace and Security Council, mallgacho-malgache (Malagasy SADC’s Executive Secretary Dr Jorge Cardoso, Director of with the Malagasy). With SADC’s Stergomena Lawrence Tax said the SADC Organ on Politics, support, it eventually led to an at the time: “SADC appeals to Defence and Security the African Union, the United Nations and other similar bodies to welcome the positive steps that Madagascar has made through the recent peaceful transparent and fair elections and to spare no effort at ensuring that democracy and the rule of law are enhanced in Southern Africa.” Andre attributes the success of the peace process in no small part to the concept of fihavanana. Fihavanana originates from the Malagasy word havana, meaning kin, and emphasises the kinship 9| El nino Mahamadou Ndriandry says Malagasy society is very close of all Malagasy people, and the

9| Peacebuilding SADC Protocol: The Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation was signed in 2001 in recognition of the need for stability as a prerequisite for Southern Africa’s growth. This led to the formation of one of the most important parts of SADC, the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security. The Organ works with Member States to promote peace in the region and foster stability for current and future generations. Businesses thrive again belief that harm done to others are not alone.” a pile of burnt cinnamon leaves will eventually reflect back on With the next elections due to a sweet smell wafting around the the doer. take place in 2018, the hope is premises – the boilers are once “It was really good that SADC that Madagascar will maintain again producing the rare oils worked with the AU, because its stability in the future. For unique to Madagascar. that gave the Malagasy people now, the peace brought about “When word of the national confidence that they are not just by the negotiations has allowed reconciliation started to this island, that they have sisters the Malagasy people time to spread, people felt safer,” says and brothers and they are part of rebuild. Investors have gained Rotoarimanana. “It gave more Africa,” says Andre, the former confidence again to return to the confidence to the investors and diplomat. private sector. business started to grow.” “SADC was the door which For Rotoarimanana, peace Adds the businessman, led the Malagasy people to allowed his business to regain its “just one of my suppliers now understand that they live in the strength. Near Antananarivo, at provides work for a thousand African continent and that they the plant of one of his suppliers, p e op l e .”

Hugues Rotoarimanana at one of his plants

Peacebuilding|10 Feeding the Region one Tomato at a Time

The introduction of two new varieties of tomato in Malawi and nearby Mozambique could help boost food security and provide local solutions to adapt to climate change and meet nutrition needs.

he tomatoes are proudly population depends on agriculture tolerant and have a long shelf displayed in a market for food, income and employment. life, making them better adapted in Blantyre – round, Agriculture is also a major source to effects of climate change and plump and red. These of exports for several Member suitable for cross-border trade by Tnew, locally grown tomatoes States, contributing on average of resource-poor entrepreneurs. are emerging as one of the most 13% to total export earnings and Acting CCARDESA Executive important and effective ways in 66% to the value of intra-regional Director Dr Simon Mwale, based which SADC is boosting food trade. close to the SADC Secretariat security in the region. In 2007, the SADC Council in Gaborone, Botswana, points Named after the Bvumbwe instructed the SADC Secretariat out another advantage of the research station located south to prioritise food security Bvumbwe tomatoes: They have of Blantyre in Malawi, the new and the management of higher levels of vitamin A than the varieties are named Bvumbwe 1 transboundary natural resources average tomato. and Bvumbwe 2 tomatoes. The and environments. Together with “You can get vitamin A from area is well-known for its fertile those, three other areas form animal products and vegetable hillsides. SADC’s core focus on agriculture: sources, both of which can be Introducing varieties that crop production, livestock beyond the reach of the common have higher nutritional value has production and information in low-income household in the drawn together government and the form of data. SADC’s Multi- SADC region,” he says. “The non-governmental organisations, Country Agricultural Productivity tomato is a key ingredient in including the Centre for Programme and the Regional cooking at all levels of society. Coordination of Agricultural Indicative Strategic Development And with these varieties of tomato Research and Development in Plan until 2020 provide additional you can provide extra vitamin Southern Africa (CCARDESA), strategic direction. A to the lowest income group of SADC, the Malawi government All of these policy instruments families in the country. It’s a big and horticulturalists, agronomists are given credence by the plus for the population’s nutrition.” and other specialists. The initiative developments at Bvumbwe, which Malawi has long battled has grown out of SADC’s Regional have resulted in the adoption of vitamin A deficiency, which Agricultural Policy. highly nutritious tomato varieties. causes stunting and major growth About 70% of the region’s Bvumbwe tomatoes are disease defects.

11| Agriculture Agriculture |12 Malawi has the fifth-highest stunting rate in the world with 53% of children under the age of one suffering from this growth defect, according to the World Bank. It’s here where the Bvumbwe research station’s results make a real difference. Managed by Thomson Chilanga, the station developed the two new varieties to thrive in the specific conditions of Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. “The area is conducive to a number of crops. Farmers like to grow different types of crops and the government is emphasising diversification. In our research, we also think about the market and what people want,” Chilanga says. Their research and innovations platform includes the entire food pipeline – from farmers to Jonathan Matebule, chairman of the Challenge Project Group extension officers, wholesalers, retail outlets and distribution it possible for all key actors to Bvumbwe 2 varieties. centres. This participatory identify and resolve challenges “We’ve even seen some research approach, facilitated along the value chain together. business people and consumers in through CCARDESA, makes The tomatoes are already a Mozambique coming into Malawi regional success story: The seed is and we linked them up with being distributed in neighbouring the farmers in Lukya village in Mozambique and Zimbabwe Thyolo so there’s now an exchange where farmers have started of produce, which has been planting the Bvumbwe 1 and welcomed by local farmers,” says

Agnes Jakaramba cultivates her own land in Lukya village

13| Agriculture “The tomato is a key ingredient in cooking at all levels of society. And with these varieties of tomato you can provide extra vitamin A to the lowest income group of families in the country. It’s a big plus for the population’s nutrition.” Simon Mwale Acting CCARDESA Executive Director

Chilanga. “Our livelihoods have improved Austin Banda, operations He adds that the local farmers because of the proceeds of the manager in one of them, says: “are now feeding the students, sales of these Bvumbwe tomatoes. “We’ve been in business for the hospital patients and Because of them I can now afford around 20 years, providing even prisoners. These various school fees. I bought dairy cows technical support from seeds to markets need to be linked to and pigs and can now feed my harvesting. We started with one the agri-dealers, extension family properly,” adds Matebule. outlet and now we have seven,” he staff and farmers. This leads Before the programme, most says. to sustainability through the children in the village did not Banda’s Blantyre shop is busy development of agriculture go to school. Now enrolment is with farmers and other clients technology.” at 100%, which the community purchasing chemicals, seeds Once an innovation platform links directly to the income and fertiliser along with small is established, the scientists step from agricultural product sales, implements and pumps. back and the farmers take over especially the Bvumbwe tomatoes. CCARDESA’s Dr Mwale is the management of the entire Change is also evident in the emphatic about the success of the process. This new approach was village’s houses. Where previously humble tomato. promoted and supported under they were made of mud and “This is a success for three the Sub-Saharan Challenge straw, thanks to new profits they reasons: Firstly improving Programme led by the Forum are now built from bricks and agriculture research amongst for Agricultural Research in with corrugated iron roofs. A SADC Member States, secondly Africa at the continental level few villagers even upgraded from it encourages innovations to flow and coordinated by CCARDESA, bicycles to motorbikes, which from one country to another, a SADC subsidiary, in Southern handle the rough terrain better. and thirdly it encourages intra- Africa. Matebule is not the only one regional trade.” Farmer Jonathan Matebule is in the village who’s seen his life SADC Programme: chairman of the Challenge Project change. Agriculture remains the primary Group in Lukya, a village perched Agnes Jakaramba began hers source of nutrition, employment on a hilltop overlooking the as a farmworker on other people’s and income for 61% of SADC citizens. Its critical importance highest point in Malawi, Malanje fields. Today she owns her own led to the SADC Multi-Country Mountain. one-hectare farm on which she Agricultural Productivity “The researchers came with grows vegetables. “We irrigate Programme (SADC MAPP) in 2008. The SADC MAPP is a a number of varieties but the early in the morning, then (again) fifteen year programme, broken Bvumbwe responded best,” says later in the afternoon. I also down into three five-year phases. Matebule. “After I was trained by fertilise my field. It’s a hard life but The goal of the MAPP is to the scientists, I planted this crop,” I’m my own boss and I’m feeling enhance agricultural research, technological innovation and he says, pointing at his tomatoes, good now,” she says. dissemination, and the linkages which soon became the envy of In Blantyre, support also comes among agricultural institutions in other farmers. from agri-business focused shops. the SADC region.

Agriculture |14 Gateway to SADC’s Future

The multimillion dollar upgrade of the Walvis Bay port opens new opportunities for regional trade.

It’s a different thing every day,” says as the logistics hub for SADC more and Immanuel Hango, standing on the more each year, but the issue was always the dock and beaming at a crane as it hauls space,” says Gelderbloem. “containers from a line of trucks onto a Namport expects that the upgraded Walvis waiting ship. Bay port can serve SADC for the next 50 Since he was a child growing up in the years. The upgrade will double the amount North of Namibia, all Hango ever wanted of goods flowing to and from SADC through was to be an engineer. In 2016 he was one the port. of 100 Young African Leaders who travelled Phase 1 of the upgrade is a liquid bulk to the United States to meet then-President terminal with space for two tankers, which Barack Obama. Now he is one of the will ultimately connect to a 100-hectare engineers working at Namport, Namibia’s tanker farm where goods will be stored port authority, building the future of his before being shipped out across the SADC country. region. Next, a liquid natural gas terminal Walvis Bay has its sights set on becoming will be constructed to feed a planned power the preferred gateway for some of the station, followed by a dry bulk terminal to landlocked SADC countries. Driving handle the import and export of goods from this initiative is a massive investment in across the region. At the same time, Walvis infrastructure in the region, including USD Bay is expanding its container terminal. 300 million in upgrades to the corridors Increasing trade throughout the region linking Walvis Bay to the rest of SADC and is a goal of both the SADC Protocol a USD 2.3 billion upgrade to the existing on Transport, Communications, and Walvis Bay port. Meteorology and the SADC Regional “The port master plan that looks at this Indicative Strategic Development Plan. new area (and) identified the need for the Improving the transport infrastructure port to serve not just our small population across borders is also a key focus of the in Namibia, but the whole of SADC,” says Regional Infrastructure Development Master Elzevir Gelderbloem, the Executive Secretary Plan, which projects that SADC port traffic of Namport. will increase from 92 million tons in 2009, to “Since independence, Namibia has served 500 million by 2027.

15| Transport Transport|16 The upgrades will double the capacity of the Walvis Bay Port

These volumes can only be achieved if Member States continue to make it easier to trade across regional borders. “Regional integration is a tool, and it is a very important strategy for development,” says Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax, the Executive Secretary of SADC. “Through our free trade regime we have eliminated tariffs, so that within SADC you get a bigger market for your products, but you Phase one, the Liquid Natural Gas terminal can also compete with products from outside of the region,” Dr condition and there are plans Lubumbashi Corridor to the Tax notes. to upgrade these corridors with Northeast crosses into Zambia, The SADC Free Trade Area, rail connections. In that way we creating a critically important which took effect in 2008, is based will serve the SADC region,” says trade route for goods to and from on the SADC Protocol on Trade. Gelderbloem. the Zambian copperbelt and The protocol aims to liberalise The port is located along four Lubumbashi, the second-largest trade relations between Member key development corridors. To city in the Democratic Republic States, stimulate the investment the east it connects to the Trans- of Congo. environment and spur economic Kalahari Corridor, which is the “Lubumbashi is landlocked. We growth. preferred route for time-sensitive don’t have direct connections to Namport’s CEO is is keenly goods going to Botswana and the (Congolese) ports at Banana aware of the Walvis Bay port’s South Africa. To the North, or Boma,” says Kabash Munung, regional dimension. the Trans-Cunene Corridor the Business Development “Part of the business case for serves Southern Angola, and Manager for the Walvis Bay this port is connections to get to the South, the Trans-Oranje Corridor Group (WBCG) in products to and from SADC. Corridor services the mining Lubumbashi. “But we use Walvis The road corridors around the and agricultural centres of South Bay as our gateway to the ocean, port are currently in excellent Africa. The Walvis Bay-Ndola- where we can import mining

17| Transport “The port master plan that looks at this new area, identified the need for the port to serve not just our small population in Namibia, but the whole of SADC.” Elzevir Gelderbloem Executive Secretary of Namport

agreements.” old road connecting Walvis SADC Strategy: In 2004 WBCG led an initiative Bay with nearby Swakopmund The Regional Infrastructure to build a bridge at Katimo is undergoing a USD 75 Development Master Plan (RIDMP) is the backbone of SADC’s Mulilo, linking Namibia with million upgrade. The new dual infrastructure vision for the future. Zambia as part of the Walvis Bay- carriageway will be primarily It aims to develop and maintain Ndola-Lubumbashi Corridor. for the use of heavy transport the transport infrastructure in the “It’s almost like developing a servicing Walvis Bay and is region and to harmonise policies warehouse for SADC through expected to be finished in 2018. around transport. Key to this is the ability of Member States to Walvis Bay. If you look at Brazil For Namport engineer Hango, implement transport reforms and and the rest of South America, the future – for the port and for to ensure sustainable funding for it takes 20 days to get to the the region – is bright. the maintenance and provision economic centres of the world, “This whole upgrade is built of infrastructure. The RIDMP but it takes seven days for a ship around the idea of being the also seeks to stimulate economic development by fostering public- to get to Walvis Bay from Brazil, gateway into SADC,” he says. “If private partnerships and promoting and it’s only us who can do that.” you come back in a few years, regional development corridors. In Walvis Bay, the streets it’s going to be the Singapore of are alive with industry as the Africa.” materials and general cargo like supermarket products and frozen food.” The development and maintenance of the corridor infrastructure connecting Walvis Bay to the rest of SADC is driven by the WBCG. Founded in 2000, the group’s mandate is to engage in business development by promoting the port of Walvis Bay as a viable trade route for goods to enter and exit SADC. “Our stance has always been that, like the African proverb, you eat an elephant piece by piece,” says CEO Johny Smith. “We took time to assess and understand our neighbours. And only upon that did we develop relationships and

Transport|18 19| Industrialisation Beefing up Trade

SADC initiatives have boosted trade between Member States and with the rest of the world, a trend set to continue with the renewed focus on regional industrialisation.

n Africa, the size of your herd strategy. relates directly to your financial Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and social value. Keeping cattle and Zimbabwe already benefit from for meat and leather production the global demand for leather goods Ihas long contributed to the formal such as shoes, bags and leather seats and informal industries in most for luxury vehicles. Growing this SADC countries. Realising this success is one of SADC’s objectives. strength, the SADC Industrialisation Since the SADC Trade Protocol Strategy proposes to grow the was signed in 1996, liberalisation region’s herd and thus wealth of all of imports and exports among the people. Growing the herd involves 15 Member States has multiplied facilitated connection between cattle, mutually beneficial trade flows meat and leather traders across within the SADC region and boosted SADC borders and a joint export investment.

Industrialisation |20 growth and development of the regional leather industry. Easier regional trade allows local companies to access the best inputs available instead of having to procure everything at home – be it cattle feed, calves or treated leather. Regional collaboration is all about realising and combining each country’s individual strength and moving as a stronger region. The positive impact of these initiatives has been immediate for traders. The Botswana Meat Commission (BMC), for instance, has made plans to expand both local and international relationships, says CEO Dr Akolang Tombale. “The BMC is one of the three main meat businesses in Africa that export to Europe. We are the largest, followed by the meat corporations of Namibia and Swaziland. In 2013, for example, we sent 6,000 tons (of meat) to Feedlot owner Werner Faber Europe and in 2016 it was 10,000 tons of beef and leather. That At the same time, Member The effects were felt constitutes around 53% of our States strive for policies that immediately by thousands of revenue,” says Tombale. provide incentives to invest in the livestock traders in Zambia and The BMC is also the biggest region. Zimbabwe. In the long run, this producer of leather in the region, Through its Industrialisation change is contributing to the accounting for 75% of the highest Strategy, an ambitious masterplan for the region’s industrial development over the next five decades, SADC is seeking to continue the success of the Trade Protocol and other trade initiatives. One of those is a direct action that benefits traders in live cattle. In 2012, farmers pointed out that Botswana only issued livestock import and transit permits in Gaborone, 1 000km away from the border posts that link its slaughter houses with neighbouring cattle- farming nations. With the support of SADC, Botswana decided to issue the permits in other places across the country as well. Dr Akolang Tombale

21| Industrialisation “First we provided for ourselves, now we export to places like the European Union.” Arekipo Modise Public Relations Officer Botswana Meat Commission

grade leather. Its workforce has practical level: The BMC shares certified stamps on the sides of grown from a few dozen twenty a marketing company with beef inside the processing plant. years ago to well over 500 today. neighbours in Namibia, which It’s a relationship that has “We have a growing trade has helped grow sales for both been further deepened by the in raw leather to South Africa countries outside Africa. SADC-EU Economic Partnership where they’re using it in the car This is good news for those in Agreement, signed in June 2016 industry, clothing and other the industry. In Gaborone, feedlot between the EU and Botswana, consumables,” he says. owner Werner Faber says local Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, One beneficiary is Handel skills are being used to produce South Africa and Swaziland. The Street Upholsterers in and manufacture a range of feed agreement keeps all those exports Johannesburg, South Africa. sorts for local herds. to the EU duty free and supports Handel produces high quality “Through the support of the the participating SADC countries car interiors for customers industry, we have a few hundred in meeting the EU standards throughout the region. staff now. There are a lot of required to obtain the necessary Marketing Director Ashraf positives and things look great for stamps. Ismail says the industry is the future,” says Faber. For SADC citizens like Modise, growing exponentially: “Rising The employment created by these regional initiatives – consumer preference for businesses linked to beef and combined with entrepreneurial retrofitting of vehicles with leather is vital to the economy of productivity – have had real leather upholstery is further Botswana. impact on their lives. supporting growth of the market Back at the meat processing through the aftermarket channel.” plant, there’s a man who believes SADC Strategy: The SADC Industrialisation While quality Botswana implicitly in the Botswana meat Strategy and Roadmap 2015- leather is used, buyers of these industry. Arekipo Modise started 2063 recognises the necessity products can be further afield. out as a security guard at the for the structural transformation “Nigeria is expected to be the BMC plant in 2002 and is now its of the SADC region through industrialisation, modernisation, largest consumer of leather for public relations officer. upgrading, skills development, automotive interiors on the “We can immediately see from science and technology, financial continent, burgeoning growth the meat how valuable it is and strengthening and deeper regional integration. It promotes a strategic of the global automotive interior it is then stamped appropriately. shift from reliance on resources leather market,” Ismail says. First we provided for ourselves, and low-cost labour to increased And the leather industry now we export to places like investment and enhanced productivity of both labour and already benefits from stronger the European Union,” he says, capital. regional integration on a proudly pointing at the EU

Industrialisation |22 23|Finance Breaking Banking Barriers

SADC’s initiative for regional banking has helped Member States improve their banking systems and broaden access for the region’s citizens.

anking has remained out of reach integration was the introduction of the for millions of Southern African SADC Integrated Regional Electronic citizens, prompting regulators and Settlement System (SIRESS) as a cross- banks to work harder to ensure border payment solution. All SADC Bthat more than a privileged few benefit currencies, including the US Dollar, have from banking services. been approved by the Committee of Many people in rural areas of the Central Bank Governors as settlements in region may never see the inside of a bank. SIRESS. Statistics released by the State Bank of According to SADC Banking Association Mauritius, for example, show that up Executive Secretary Maxine Hlaba, the to 80% of Africa’s adult population is system is paying off across the region. unbanked for a range of reasons. “We now have 83 participants on SIRESS The SADC Protocol on Finance and made up of 76 commercial banks and seven Investment, signed in 2006, addresses some central banks. Fourteen countries are now of these challenges. It seeks to accelerate live on SIRESS, and we continue to bring growth, investment and employment in on board more banks,” says Hlaba. the region through increased cooperation, She adds: “As at the end of April 2017, coordination and management of the total number of transactions settled macroeconomic, monetary and fiscal through SIRESS was 733,597, representing policies. It also works to establish and a value of USD 244.7 billion.” sustain macroeconomic stability as a There are also local benefits as the precondition for sustainable economic banking association has worked to help growth and for the creation of a monetary banks in Member States to attain the union in the region. necessary levels of delivery to join as well One initiative for greater financial as to promote financial inclusion.

Finance |24 and on the SADC Finance and Investment Protocol specifically. Nkungula says Malawi backs SIRESS fully and banks in her country are now able to focus on growing their client base not just among local citizens but further afield too. “We cannot work as an island; we have to work with each other because there’s a lot of cross- border trading with neighbouring countries – it’s one of the main reasons why we joined SIRESS. We have seen cross-border trade volume grow from 10% to around 30% and this means a Mobile banking business is big in Malawi greater reliance on intra-regional banking,” she says. In Malawi, for instance, sector. Partnerships between banks the challenge to get people Nkungula says bankers in and non-banks have grown, into the banking system is not Malawi are aware that SIRESS according to Nkungula. Through only economic but also one of is vital to allow the nation to such arrangements, banks are perception. Citizens believe brick continue to develop: “We decided able to offer products beyond and mortar institutions are only to join SIRESS in October 2015 bill payments and remittance for the rich, according to the because we’re a family within the activities such as savings, credit Institute of Bankers’ Executive SADC region and thought that if and insurance. Director Lyness Nkungula. left out, then we’d be left out for “The perception in Malawi “About 75% of Malawi’s people good in terms of technology. It that banks are only for the rich have access to mobile phones, would have become challenging is changing, and technology and which means we have to reach out for us to trade with the other innovation will help speed up to the unbankable populations countries in the region.” this process,” says Nkungula. “We through mobile phones,” she says, Malawi joined Angola, have ten banking groups and a adding that there are definitely Botswana, DRC, Lesotho, population of around 17 million. opportunities for expansion. Namibia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Of these only about 30% are All of Malawi’s ten banking Seychelles, South Africa, bankable, it means a lot of banks group are adopting new Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and competing for a few customers.” technologies. As members of Zimbabwe – who are all part of As new technology becomes SIRESS, they recognise the need the SADC Banking Association more widely adopted, there will be to focus on the majority of the constituted in 1998 – in the a surge towards mobile banking. population who do not yet have SIRESS process. “At the moment not every bank formal bank accounts. The SADC Banking Association has mobile banking, but that’s the The Institute of Bankers in provides a regional banking direction in which they have to Malawi is working closely with leadership platform for strategic go,” says Nkungula. the financial sector to use mobile direction and to promote and One group of the population phone-driven technology to add transform the whole of the region that has noted new mobile millions of new customers. The into a single economic bloc. Its banking services are citizens with Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM) establishment was tied to the disabilities. They can now access published guidelines for digital need for a federation of banking funds and move money without financial services and drafted the associations as the interface having to travel, often at great E-Money Regulation and Payment on matters relating to regional difficulty, to an actual bank. Systems Law to guide the financial financial integration in general Stella Nkonya, the Executive

25| Finance “About 75% of Malawi’s people have access to mobile phones, which means we have to reach out to the unbankable populations through mobile phones.”

Lyness Nkungula Institute of Bankers Executive Director

Bankers knows that co-operation with national regulators is vital. “The SADC banking system has linked us to so many countries as well as members,” she says. “The local banks can’t work within just Malawi, the growth will be small. Their growth is quicker if they link up with other banks in the region and even outside Africa.” This is borne out by SADC banking statistics, which show that banking within the region fulfils a key need of citizens and business. In 2015, for example, 55% of banking transactions were from one Member State to another. Bank clients waiting to move money It means financial frontiersmen and women with technologically Director of Malawi Human Rights banking, there is no interest appropriate offerings that are for Girls with Disabilities, says the charged.” backed by SADC’s Finance and new banking technologies have Another community benefitting Investment Protocol are set to helped her organisation and its from an improvement in banking benefit and set to better serve their members. technology are village banking clients too. “People with disabilities groups. With banking groups, SADC Protocol: benefit from not waiting in bank people pool their cash at weekly In order to speed up growth, queues or struggling to walk long meetings and bank as a collective. investment and employment distances to a bank,” she says. Mobile banking has allowed in the SADC region, Member States in 2006 passed the “Mobile banking is simple and these groups to send their money SADC Protocol on Finance and easy; handy and immediate.” through a trusted system. It Investment. The protocol aims The cost of mobile cash has helped promote the idea of to improve and facilitate the free movement of capital and labour, transactions is also cheap. Nkonya joint accounts and community goods and services and to create adds: “If you want to move money development through collective appropriate institutions and using other systems you have to savings. mechanisms to achieve these pay a service fee but with mobile Nkungula from the Institute of objectives.

Finance |26 Sharing SADC’s White Gold

Taking care of the region’s water resources requires an integrated approach to water management. It’s a lesson shared by ORASECOM’s four members – Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa – who are restoring the Lesotho Wetlands to keep the Orange-Senqu River alive.

hen rain falls Lesotho highlands. The wetlands of the nation.” over the Lesotho absorb water during rainy season In 2000, SADC Member States highlands, 3,500 and release it into the river system signed the Revised Protocol metres above sea periodically, supporting a steady on Shared Watercourses in the Wlevel, it flows into the Orange- flow and mitigating the effects interest of better managing the Senqu River – one of the largest of both flooding and drought region’s shared water resources. rivers in Africa. Over a distance of downstream. The protocol saw the creation 2,200km it winds its way through However, in recent years, of a number of bodies, among South Africa and Namibia, degradation of the wetlands has them the Orange-Senqu River with tributaries stretching into reduced their capacity to retain Commission (ORASECOM), Botswana. and release water. This has risked which exists to manage the Throughout its course the river the flow of water throughout the Orange-Senqu river system among plays a vital economic role for entire riparian system. the four countries that are part of local people. In the highlands of “We are aware that our it: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia Lesotho where dams have been grasslands are deteriorating and and South Africa. erected to create hydropower, that there is a shortage of water,” “There are 15 shared the sale of the headwaters of the says Mpiti Letse, Chief of the Ha watercourses in SADC, each Orange-Senqu generates 33% of Tlhaku village in the Khubelu with their own issues,” says Lesotho’s Gross Domestic Product. Wetland of Lesotho. “There Phera Ramoeli, SADC’s Senior And as it flows through Gauteng, is a plant called Diphophotho Programme Officer for Water. it contributes to 26% of South which used to grow in our fields “ORASECOM has a number of Africa’s economy. but has stopped growing due successful initiatives. They now Because of its immense value to the unwanted weeds. We are have a fully-fledged water resource to their country, the local Basotho trying to make sure that there is management strategy, which takes refer to their water resources drinking water for both us and our into account all of their initiatives as “White Gold”. The riparian livestock, and that the water in the to ensure that water resources of system of the Orange-Senqu is Qoadi River flows because it feeds the Orange-Senqu are managed to maintained by the wetlands of the the Senqu River, which is the river avoid potential conflict between

27| Watercourses Watercourses |28 The Lesotho Highlands, 3500m above sea level nations.” have only two million hectares of past, cattle herders allowed cattle One potential source of conflict grazing land, so if you do the math to range freely during the day, is the overgrazing in the Lesotho you see we need an area almost leaving them to eat only the more wetlands, which is beginning three times the size of Lesotho for palatable plants of their choosing. to have negative effects on the our cattle.” This accelerated the decimation resources downstream. The The Sponge project works with of these plants and created a void Protection of the Orange-Senqu the residents of the wetlands to in the environment, leading to the Water Sources (Sponge) project establish grazing associations degradation of the rangelands. works with Lesotho’s Department composed of stakeholders within By implementing high density of Range Resources Management the wetlands. grazing, herders restrict the cattle’s and the Department of Water One technique implemented grazing to limited areas, giving Affairs to address the wetland’s by the grazing associations is depleted plants in other areas time degradation through a technique called high density grazing. In the to regrow. known as holistic grazing management. “According to the 2006 census, we had 70,000 animal units in Lesotho,” says Dr Rats’ele Rats’ele, Director of the Department of Range Resources Management. An animal unit refers to the rough mass of one cattle or the equivalent weight of smaller livestock. “Each animal unit requires eight hectares of land to graze each year (in order) to prevent degradation of the land,” he says. “However, we Lesotho’s wetlands keep the Orange-Senqu flowing

29| Watercourses “We are practising rotational associations want to take part. affecting people across national grazing/farming with the hopes Even communities from as far boundaries can be solved by of keeping all the grasslands in a away as Maseru (300 km away) people on the ground working good condition,” says Chief Letse. are approaching our offices for together – to create a solution with “The benefits of rotational grazing training,” he says. The number of regional benefits. will be evident during the winter grazing associations wanting to get season because there will still be involved has already exceeded all SADC Protocol: sufficient food for our livestock. expectations. The ORASECOM Secretariat is Another benefit is that it prevents “This shows the success that one of many institutions to come out of the Revised Protocol on soil erosion during heavy rains or is coming from Khubelu,” says Shared Watercourses passed in windy days.” Dr Fanana. “We look forward to 2000. The protocol calls for the By keeping the wetlands upscaling [the project] to the rest formation of institutions States for the 15 major shared watercourses functional, all four Orange-Senqu of the country. We have a realistic in the SADC region to manage countries benefit from improved shot at saving the wetlands; we them sustainably, equitably and grazing management by herders in have a winning formula.” reasonably towards the SADC goals of poverty alleviation and the Lesotho mountains. And this winning formula regional integration. The Sponge project is also shows that complex problems seeing an impact on the lives of those in the grazing associations. Before the project, farmers expected gestation rates of 30 to 40% in cattle, but now farmers involved in the grazing associations report 100% gestation rates. Others report substantially higher yields of wool and mohair from flocks of sheep and goats. “When the project first started only a few grazing associations wanted to take part,” says the Head of the Water Resources Division of the Lesotho Department of Water Affairs, Dr Makomereng Fanana. “Now just about all the grazing The Orange-Senqu river system

The project shows that herders can impact the entire riparian system

Watercourses |30 A Journey to Development

The SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan (RIDMP) and the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology underpin regional development corridors. The Moatize-Nacala railway illustrates the benefits of corridors based on well-maintained infrastructure and seamless transport services.

n November 2016, the upgraded. is the blueprint for realising first train and coaches to The Nacala-Moatize railway the concept in practice. For travel the 912km between is one of the corridors under the the Nacala corridor, this meant the coal fields of Tete RIDMP and was delivered by a generating long-term investment IProvince in Mozambique and public-private partnership with returns, focusing jobs in the the new port of Nacala set off. the government of Mozambique. region to reduce poverty, The railway, traversing Malawi, The concept of spatial making it easier for agribusiness is an important link between the corridors and spatial to grow, and contributing to coal producing province and the development initiatives seeks more economic, social and closest major port. The train’s to facilitate the development environmental progress. arrival at Nacala ushered in a of trade, industry, agriculture, The African Development new era for SADC. mining, energy, tourism Bank provided USD 300 million While the port of Beira had and other resources. These for Malawi and Mozambique in been handling the coal shipments resources are inherent in the order to upgrade infrastructure in the past, it was unable to deal zones traversed by regional and ensure the maintenance with increased capacity, making infrastructure networks such as for the railway line. Small and it necessary to build a line to roads and railways. medium sized businesses were Malawi where it would join an The RIDMP, approved in earmarked for growth by the existing line that needed to be 2012 by SADC Member States, development bank.

31| Infrastructure Infrastructure|32 “I am now a proud owner of a beautiful house that I built with my own money – something I never dreamt would happen in my lifetime.” Hillgud Kukhala Former construction worker

One stretch of the existing similar projects. carry more than 20 million tons railway line had a speed limit “It was on the basis of the of coal a year whose destinations of 10km per hour. After the Maputo corridor success story that will include the Americas, Eastern refurbishment, trains can now the same concept was replicated Asia, Europe and India, among run at up to 60km per hour there. for the Beira and Nacala corridors, others. Through such improvements, and subsequently to Zambezia “Right now we’re sitting at a coal can now be transported from with the intention of transporting capacity of 18 million tons of coal Moatize to Nacala in half the time coal from Moatize,” she says. per annum and four million tons it took previously. “It is intended that these capacity for general cargo,” says Corridor manager Sara Taibo corridors not be limited to Taibo. says the success of the Maputo handling coal, but also to handle In 2016 the route handled 631 Development Corridor, linking other cargo and goods coming thousand tons. “This year, it is Mozambique’s capital to South from neighbouring countries.” expected to handle 2.1 million Africa, helped secure funds for The corridor will be able to tons and 85 000 of containerised cargo,” she says. Part of the construction challenge was that the new track had to be laid between Moatize in Mozambique and connect with the existing railway line near Liwonde in Southern Malawi. Fifty-year-old plumber Hillgud Kukhala was one of the construction workers employed to work on parts of the railway. Kukhala said he had no idea that it would change his life. “I am now a proud owner of a beautiful house that I built with my own money – something I never dreamt would happen in my lifetime,” says Kukhala. The railway is expected to handle 2,1 million tons of cargo Besides the house, he now owns

33| Infrastructure SADC Protocol: Through the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology, signed in 1996, Member States agreed to establish transport, communications and meteorology systems which provide efficient, cost-effective and fully integrated infrastructure and operations which best meet the needs of customers and promote economic and social development while being environmentally and economically sustainable. a herd of livestock and supports his widowed mother with monthly remittances. But the benefits have gone beyond faster rail transport and construction jobs: As a result of the technological demand of scheduling, the ICT sector supporting the railway’s management has benefited. And an access road through Nampula and Nacala to support the corridor’s construction was upgraded and is now being used by motorists. The general objective of the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology is to “establish transport, communications and meteorology systems which provide efficient, cost-effective and fully integrated infrastructure and operations, which best meet the needs of customers and promotes economic and social development 92 million tonnes in 2009 to 500 of the factors which delay cargo while being environmentally and million tonnes by 2027. include poor road, rail and port economically sustainable”. SADC says the RIDMP facilities, and slow clearances by The RIDMP was instituted after transport and corridor upgrades regulatory agencies. SADC realised that goods moving will cost USD 100 billion over Bolstering the region’s from landlocked SADC countries fifteen years. Most regional ports infrastructure by expanding and would increase from 13 million handle only 30-50% of the transit making better use of existing tons in 2009 to 50 million tons cargo, which means secondary deep-water ports such as Nacala by 2030 and 148 million by 2040, ports need to be developed and Walvis Bay are important at an average annual growth rate quickly. contributing factors to support of 8.2%. The total port traffic in Many SADC ports are currently the further developments of the Southern Africa will jump from operating near capacity and some SADC economy.

Infrastructure|34 KAZA Develops and Nurtures Region’s Tourism The Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area contains a world class tourism product and provides the means to sustain it. eep in the heart of that impacts negatively on development,” says Dr Paul the SADC region, the communities. When the local Funston, the Senior Director of Kavango Zambezi people see a cow or a goat or Lion and Cheetah Programmes Transfrontier a donkey, they see their bank for Panthera. “Lions are the DConservation Area (KAZA accounts. They can sell a cow number one species that tourists TFCA) – a wildlife conservation for a few hundred dollars and want to see in Africa. In areas area on a massive scale – is send their child to school, “says where you have a photographic creating a unique platform for Lovemore Sibanda, the Project tourism industry, a lion could be conservation of the region’s Coordinator of the Long Shields worth about USD 100,000 over its natural resources. Lion Guardian Programme. lifetime.” Within the Hwange National “Our latest research suggests that SADC Member States moved Park in Zimbabwe, at the retaliatory killing by farmers is to protect these ecologically south-eastern tip of the KAZA the biggest cause of lion decline in and economically important TFCA, the Trans-Kalahari Hwange.” animals through the conversation Predator Project uses a “We often go to park area. The heads of state of remarkable approach to restore management and alert them Angola, Botswana, Namibia, the relationship between local when there is a ‘problem animal’. Zambia and Zimbabwe signed residents and lions. We go out with our vuvuzelas and the KAZA Treaty in 2011. The The project equips community they go out with their rifles, and treaty expanded and combined members with a cellphone because we coordinate our actions existing conservation areas in for communication, a bicycle we find that we are successful in each Member State, leading to for mobility and a vuvuzela, a chasing lions (away).” the establishment of one of the traditional African instrument, As humans have pushed further world’s largest conservation areas. for making noise. These people, into the migratory routes and With 36 national parks and known as the Long Shields, then dispersal areas of large mammals, game reserves covering 520,000 ride out with guidance from there has been a decline in those square kilometres – almost the satellite data to make noise, species. The number of lions size of Botswana – the KAZA driving the lions away from in Africa decreased from an TFCA today is the world’s largest livestock owned by communities estimated 450,000 in the 1940s to transfrontier conservation area. It within Hwange. In doing so, they barely more than 20,000 today. houses some of the region’s most reduce conflicts between the Between 3,000 and 4,000 of these spectacular tourist attractions, predators and the residents of the live in the KAZA TFCA. ranging from Victoria Falls at the KAZA TFCA. “Wildlife contributes massively Zambia-Zimbabwe border to the “When lions kill livestock, to the region’s socio-economic Okavango Delta.

35| Tourism Tourism|36 of community-based approaches to conservation means that rural communities are increasingly at the centre of conservation and development programmes – making them a key role player in KAZA’s success,” says Dr Mtsambiwa. “There are a number of cross- border tourism products that are being developed in transfrontier conservation areas,” says Deborah Kahatano, the Senior Programme A network of conservation NGOs operate in the KAZA TFCA Officer for Natural Resources and Wildlife at the SADC Secretariat. SADC’s support has also led in the Regional Indicative “I see conservation and tourism to the harmonisation of policy Strategic Development Plan as two sides of the same coin,” she and cross-border regulations (RISDP), SADC’s development adds. “Our tourism in Southern as well as to the development blueprint for the period until Africa is dependent on wildlife of infrastructure in the TFCA. 2020. so without nature conservation, Combined with the introduction “In 2015, a Master Integrated tourism would lose its most of the SADC Univisa, this allows Development Plan (MIDP) prominent product. And without tourists to move more easily was approved by the partner tourism, there would not be between the different attractions. countries,” says Dr Morris sufficient financial resources The KAZA TFCA is rooted in Mtsambiwa, the Executive available to fund the required the ideals of the SADC Protocol Director of the KAZA TFCA conservation efforts.” on Wildlife Conservation and Secretariat. “To ensure integrated “As a region, we need to Law Enforcement. The protocol development at a regional level, enhance these resources so we are commits Member States to it identified the following as key: able to share the benefits,” says “promote the conservation natural resources management, Kahatano. of shared wildlife resources tourism development, livelihood A key aspect of the TFCA through the establishment of development, integrated land- approach is the protection transfrontier conservation areas”. use planning and infrastructure of natural ecosystems, which The mandate of the KAZA TFCA development.” transcend national boundaries. Secretariat, which coordinates the This multi-tiered approach has “If I were to look at a map of partner countries of the TFCA, created a unique opportunity in Africa and draw circles around compliments key goals enshrined the KAZA area. “The emergence areas with major conservation

Human predator conflict is the leading cause of lion decline in the KAZA

37| Tourism “I myself am from around here, and right now I am a project manager because of the wildlife.”

Lovemore Sibanda Project Coordinator of the Long Shields Community Guardian Programme Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

survival of high value species like key stakeholders across borders SADC Protocol: elephants and lions in Africa,” for mutual benefit. To protect and market the says Dr Funston. Long Shields coordinator world class tourism products offered by the region, the SADC “KAZA is one of the great Lovemore Sibanda is pursuing Protocol on the Development opportunities for research and his doctorate through Oxford of Tourism seeks to realise conservation. It’s bigger, it’s more University based on the the full potential of the SADC region’s tourism capabilities complex, and if we can learn how conservation work of the Hwange through sustainable, equitable to do it here, surely we can apply Predator Project. development. The protocol, those lessons to other areas in “Since the project has begun, signed in 1998, aims to market the region as a single tourism Africa.” we have seen a fifty percent destination and allow for the Dr Funston was recently decline in violence between free movement of tourists in the involved in founding the communities and lions,” says region. KAZA Carnivore Conservation Sibanda. “There is hope that they Coalition. The coalition will see that a lot of people get potential, I would draw fourteen allows the KAZA Secretariat, employed as trackers, as waiters, circles, and twelve of them and a network of NGOs, and as drivers, or guides themselves would be TFCAs. So it would researchers within KAZA to share because of the lions. immediately be clear that and harmonise data. In line with “I myself am from around here, learning to conserve across state the spirit of SADC, it promotes and right now I am a project boundaries is crucial to the collaboration and integration of manager because of the wildlife.”

Lions are the most in demand animal to the photographic tourism industry

Tourism|38 Established TFCAs Treaty Signed 1. /Ai/Ais - Richtersveld TP (Namibia/South Africa) 2. Great Limpopo TP (Mozambique/ South Africa/ Zimbabwe) 3. Kavango - Zambezi TFCA (Angola/Botswana/Namibia/Zambia/ Zimbabwe) 4. Kgalagadi TP (Botswana/South Africa) Protocol signed 5. Lubombo TFCA Complex (Mozambique/South Africa/Swaziland) 6. Maloti - Drakensberg TFCDA (Lesotho/South Africa)

TFCAS UNDER ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS MoU Signed 7. Chimanimani TFCA (Mozambique/ Zimbabwe) 8. Greater Mapungubwe TFCA (Botswana/South Arica/Zimbabwe) 9. Iona - Skeleton Coast TFCA (Angola/Namibia) 10. Malawi - Zambia TFCA (Malawi/Zambia) 11. Mayombe Forest TFCA (Angola/Congo/DRC) 12. Mnazi Bay - Quirimbas TFCMA (Tanzania/Mozambique) 13. Niassa - Selous TFCA (Tanzania/Mozambique)

CONCEPTUAL TFCAS 14. Kagera TFCA (Rwanada/Tanzania/Uganda) 15. Liuwa Plain - Mussuma TFCA (Angola/Zambia) 16. Lower Zambezi - Mana Pools TFCA (Zambia/Zimbabwe) 17. ZIMOZA TBNRMP (Mozambique/Zambia/Zimbabwe) 18. Western Indian Ocean TFCA (Comoros/France/Madagascar/Mauritius/ Mozambique/Seychelles/Tanzania)

39| Tourism SADC’s Unique Platforms for Conservation

14

11 10 13 12 15 16 9 3 17 7 18

4 8 2 1 5 6

Tourism|40 Tackling Climate Change Together

A common approach and strong regional instruments are supporting SADC’s island states which are most at risk from the impact of climate change.

t’s a blustery cloudy day large generators which produce important as part of the response in the town of Curepipe, electricity. to climate change. a few kilometres south of The Central Electricity Board, Grade 13 pupil Urmila Motar Mauritius’ capital Port Louis. a government-owned company, recognises that the project is IBut that doesn’t stop the Grade provides around 40% of the relevant beyond the shores of 13 girls of Hindu Girls College electricity sold across the grid Mauritius. “SADC and other from climbing the stairs to the system with the remainder organisations have supported roof to show off their pride and generated by independent power alternative energy and in this new joy – an array of solar panels. It’s producers. While most generation millennium it’s very important to the school’s response to climate is based on imported coal or note that projects like these are the change and they’re way ahead of diesel, some producers burn a future,” she says. their peers in most parts of the mixture of agricultural waste from Another example for the world. sugar plantations and coal. innovative use of solar energy School Rector Andrea Mauritius’ electricity demand is found in Zambia, where the Gungadin is excited by the project. is rising at just over 3% a year and sun powers agricultural water “In 2011 our board members an alternative method to provide pumps. Just north of the Zambian decided to start using sustainable power is needed on an island capital, Lusaka, farmer Elias Moyo energy after the Mauritian washed by sun. It’s also obvious explained how he built his own government had begun a to those in education that this solar pump. campaign around these issues,” message needs to filter down to “Now I can grow breadfruit, she says. The school researched citizens. tomatoes, chillies, onions and solar energy and “the decision was “We regularly take our students ochra. When it’s dry, I just start taken to set up a three kilowatt up there to look at the system the pump on a sunny day and fill solar photovoltaic system on the and see that they’ll be able to use up the tank,” he says, pointing roof of the school”. these ideas in their own houses at a large green plastic tank. For Photovoltaic cells convert when they grow up and continue farmers like him, this means the sun’s energy directly into with this vision of a sustainable improved productivity. electricity which is then stored in Mauritius,” says Gungadin. From recharging mobile phones a large battery called an inverter Other schools in the area – and to supplying energy for lights so and provides most of the school’s from other SADC countries such that school children can do their power needs. Mauritius has as Seychelles and Tanzania – have homework at night, solar power no oil or gas deposits and has copied the idea at a time when improves countless lives in the been forced to import diesel for solar energy is becoming more region.

41| Climate Climate|42 “SADC and other organisations have supported alternative energy and in this new millennium it’s very important to note that projects like these are the future.” Andrea Gungadin School Rector Hindu Girls College, Curepipe

In Mauritius’ capital, an early from recurrent floods,” said to climate change,” he says. As an adopter of green energy and one Sinatambou. example, he points to the global of SADC’s most enthusiastic “From 2003 to 2017, the sea climate negotiations in Paris in sustainable energy experts is level rise has more than doubled 2015, where SADC provided the Environment Minister Etienne compared to the average for the platform for a common position. Sinatambou. last 25 years, and yet our rainfall The Member States’ common “The challenge for Mauritius is level has dropped to pre-1930 position for the so-called the most extreme in SADC. If you levels, so we need to be careful.” COP21 negotiations included looked at the UN World Report Twenty percent of Mauritius’ an emphasis on adapting to 2016, we are the seventh most beaches are suffering from long- climate change while also exposed island country in the term erosion. For a country which focusing on mitigation through world to sea level rise,” he said. generates over 30% of its Gross finance, technology transfer and Other SADC countries on the Domestic Product from tourism, adoption, and capacity building. list of exposed countries include this is a significant risk going For Southern Africa as one of Madagascar and Mozambique. forward. the regions most exposed to “Already we have seen As the former minister of increasing temperatures and accelerated sea level rise, foreign affairs and regional changing weather patterns, accentuated beach erosion, an integration, Sinatambou is well stabilising the amount of carbon increase in both the frequency placed to discuss the role of SADC in the atmosphere while being and intensity of extreme weather around the island nations. able to develop its economies and a decreasing pattern in “SADC is now assisting is of paramount importance. rainfall so we are in real danger countries in the region with regard By speaking with one voice, the Member States ensured they were heard on the global stage. Climate change is also a key aspect of the Regional Indicative Strategic Integration Plan (RISDP) which is guiding SADC’s agenda until 2020. It has led to the formulation of regional initiatives like the SADC Policy Paper on Climate Change, the SADC Water Sector Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, and the SADC Climate

th Change Strategy and Action Plan. Mauritius is the 7 most exposed island country to sea level rise Sinatambou believes that the

43| Climate momentum for joint action is gaining. “We now have SADC voting on the development of a regional programme of climate change which is great,” he says. “What we now see is SADC working with the Indian Ocean Commission towards a cohesive plan to face this threat.” “The regional bodies are working together and the people in the region want to see positive results,” Sinatambou adds. “Our people not only need but deserve to be helped, and the best way for this to happen is to show concrete outcomes.” The RISDP also foresees Mauritian Environment Minister Etienne Sinatambou response plans to emergencies and the Environment Minister says his harmonising systems and projects. SADC Policy: country has now put in place that “The commitment should not Climate change is of critical plan in Mauritius. just be saying ‘I am committed’. relevance to SADC, leading “The early warning system here We need also to implement the to the SADC Policy Paper on Climate Change in 2012. against storm surges features a ideas. This needs to be done by The paper guides the region’s six-day warning system which all of us, at different levels, the response to climate change determines both where the water government, public sector and the by suggesting that it be multi- disciplinary, breaking through will strike the island and just how private sector,” Dr Tax says. silos on national and sectoral bad it will be. It’s this kind of As the school solar projects levels. It aligns the region specific plan that is most welcome highlights in Mauritius, the behind the vision of addressing by all SADC Member States.” the impacts of climate change region’s approach to climate through the successful SADC Executive Secretary change has put innovation at implementation of adaptation Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax the forefront of developing of and mitigation actions to says success can only be ensured alternative energy models in enhance regional economic and social resilience. through regional integration and Southern Africa.

The grade 13 science class of Hindu Girls College, Curepipe, Mauritius

Climate|44 Produced with support from the SADC Secretariat Communications and Public Relations Unit

Production Team Des Latham - Project leader Campbell Easton - Videographer and photographer Nasya Smith - Design and Layout, and videographer Keegan Latham - Videographer Candice Wagener - Photographer Paula Fray - Editorial oversight Tafadzwa Rafemoyo - Administrative liaison Joselyn Taruona - Administrative oversight

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