DOCSLIB.ORG

European Classics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
European Classics EUROPEAN CLASSICS V. BAVARIA Palatinate fell, together wilh the Upper Bavaria, the German State which issued its Palalinate, to a side-line of the \l/ittelsbach own postage slamps for the longest period, family and only in 1623, the Upper Pala. lor more than seventy years, was a member tinate rejoined Bavaria proper; in 1777 the of the German Conjederation when its first Rhenish Palatinate was also regained. In postage stamps were issued. It held - after 1624, the Dukes of Bavaria were raised to Austria and Prussia - third rank in the the rank of elector. But the country was confederation. Its area covered about 30,000 not unified, because large parts were ec­ square miles - one sixth of the entire Ger­ clesiastic property, belonging to various man Empire at that time - and in 1849 had bishoprics, especially those of Passau and a population of a little over 4,500,000, which Speyer. In the Napoleonic Wars, Bavaria increased very slowly ill the following two in 1797 lost the part of the Palatinate left decades. It bordered to the south and east of the Rhine to France and in 1803 the on Austria, to the north on Saxony and Prus­ portion right of the Rhine to Baden. But sia, to the west on Hesse, Baden andWurltem­ after Bavaria had joined in the same year berg. The main river, the Danube, divided the French-sponsored Conjederatiou oj the the country info a northern and a southern Rhine. it was made a kingdom. by Napoleon I parI. There were eight pro"jnces. Upper in 1806 and gained large territories, namely Bavaria (Oberbayern), Lower Bauaria ( ie­ the provinces of Franconia and Swabia, as derbayern) and the Upper Palatinate (Ober­ well as the Austrian provinces of Tyrol and pfalz) which formed as "Old Bavaria" the Vorarlberg, in 1809 also Salzburg and part nucleus of the Slate, Upper Franconid (Ober­ of Upper Austria. It also jncorporated franken), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken), most of the ecclesiastic properly within its Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) and SI/iabia territory. In 1813 Bavaria changed sides and (Schwaben), which were acquired later, as therefore was permitted by the Congress of well as the Paldtinafe (Pfalz). The last named Vicnna to keep most of the newly acquircd province, covering aboui 2,500 square miles, terrifory, except the Austrian provinces. It lay from 25 to 40 miles ap'art from Bavaria also regained the part left of the Rhine of prOper, on the left bank of the Rhine, de. Ihe Palatinate, joined the German ConJedera· taelled by Baden and Hesse from the mother­ lio/~ and in this way obtained ils definite lane!. This ollt.lying province had the Rhine bordcrs. In 1818 Bavaria became a const.i­ as its easlern border, which separated it. from tutional monarchy, by adopting a new con­ Baden, to the south and west it bordered on stitution. King Ludujj:g I reigned from 1825 France (Alsace-Lorraine) and to the norlh to 1848, followed by MaximiLian IT (1848 to on the Prussian Rhine Province. Bavaria's 1864). Under his successor, Ludwig II, who capital was and is Munich (Muenchen), a headed the country from 1864 to 1886, Bavaria city of rapid growth increasing its population sided first with the defeated Austria in the (rom 95,000 in 1840 to 170,000 in 1867. The fight against Prussia. On Oct. 1, 1866, in capital of the Palatinate was Spe)'er. accordance with the peace treaty, it ceded Bavaria has a long and colorful hislOr)'. a small part of Franconia (which included Aboul 600 n. C., the Boii. a race of Celtic nine post offices) to Prussia. In 1870, it Orlgm, settled there. Shortly before the joined Prussia in the war against France, Christian era, the Romans under Emperor and in the same year became a member of Augustus conquered the part south of the the German Empire, to which, as a federal Danube. After the decline of the Roman state, it stilI belongs. Empire, Goths and Franks held possession The early postal history of Bavaria is o( the country until it became. in 788, part c10sely connected with the family of Tdris. of Charlemagne's empire. As a duchy, it was When this family received in 1615 from Em. given in 1070 to the WeHs and in 1180 by peror Matthias the privilege of conducting imperial grant to OltO, Count oj f(littelsbdch, the mail service in the German Empire, and who became the founder of the reigning Lamoral de Taxis was made German Post. dynasty of Bavaria. In 1216, the Wittelsbachs master General, the newly eSlablished "Reichs­ also acquired the Rhenish Palatinate, on post." also included Ba,'aria. The mail service both banks of the Rhine_ But in 1329 the there remained in the hands of the "Reichs- MERCURY STAMP JOURNAL 149 post" until Feb. 29, 1808, when Bavaria took Alter the mark had been introduced as over the postal administration into its own supplementary currency in 1874, equivalent hands. Previously it had become a parlner to 35 kreuzer, the mark CUJTency, which had in the treaty between the "Reichspost" and become the standard currency of the German France, signed on Dec. 14, 1801, by which Empire, was introduced on Jan. 1, 1876. 1 the territory of the "Reichpost" was divided mark was now divided into 100 pfennig. The into four zones ("rayons"). Bavaria, which unit of 1veight was the pound, divided ,into belonged mainly to "Rayon 4" and to a 30 10th (1 loth equivalcnt to about 1/2 ounce). somewhat smaller part to «Rayon 3", kept The metric system was introduced on Jan. 1, this treaty after the separation from the 1872. The "postal mile" equivalent to about "Reichspost" until 1815. On April 6. 1850, 7% km) was the measurement ror distances. Bavaria became, together with Austria, Prus­ The change of currency, on Jan. I, 1876, sia and Saxony, a fOllnding member of the produced complete new sels of stamps and Gemutn-Austrian Postal Union, which came stationery and can be considered as conclud­ into force on July I. 1850, A new postal ing the classic period of Bavarian stamps. treat)' was concluded on Nov. 23, 1867, bind­ Therefore, in the following discussions, only ing the Bavarian postal system closely to stamps and stationery issued before that date that of the other German slales, especially -except for the 1m stamp' all in Kreuzer the North German Confederation. When after currency-are dealth with. the creation of the German Empire in 1870, Bavaria was the fi.rst Old German State and the "Reichspost" was created and started its the eighth country to issue Postage Stamps. op'erations on Jan. 1, 1872, Bavaria lost its When the German - Austrian Postal Union postal independence to a large part but was came inlO force on July 1, 1850, Bavaria allowed to keep certain privileges, among had already used stamps for eight months. them the right to have special domestic rates Its first postage slamps were issued on Nov. and to issue its OV.""ll stamps. These postal 1, 1849_ Postdge Due Stamps made their prerogatives were only abolished after the first apIJearonce on Oct. 1, 1862, and Tele­ First World War, on March 31, 1920. graph Stdmps on Jan. 1. 1870. Postal Station­ The postal service from 1849 was conducted ery was introduced comparatively lale, tbe by the "General-Verwaltllng del' Koeniglichen firsl Envelopes on Feb. 1, 1869. Postal Cords Posten und Eisenbahnen", which changed its were issued on Jan. I, 1873, those with at· name in 1854 to "General-Direktion del' lached reply card on Feb. 1, 1874, on which Koeniglichen Verkehrs.Anslalten", and in 1869 later day also TPrdppers and Money Order more explicit to "Post-Abtheilung der Gen­ Cards made their first appearance. Several eral - DirekLion del' Koeniglichell Verkehrs· years before, offidal jomls without imprinted Anstalten". Seven provincial postal admim".s­ stamps had already existed and were sold trations, called "Oberpostdemter", supervised at thc post offices with pasted-on postage the regular post ofiices. Beginn ing Oct. I, stamps, namely l\'Toney Order Cards from 1860 (in the Palatinale as early as Sept. 16, Nov. 1, 1866, and Postal Cards from July 1, 1858), a rural mail service was introduced 1870 (with reIlly card from Jan.I, 1872). and the establishment of sub-post ojfices. Similar forms for Money Collection Cards the so-called "Postablage'l" started. The post (to collect money) existcd from Nov_ 1. 1871, offices supervised these sub-post offices and Pared Post Cards from Jan. 1. 1874 and cooperated in tuking care of the mail C.O.D. :Money Order Cards from Feb. 1, boxes which were now also installed jn 1874. A decree of Jan. 30. 1874. permitted greater numbers in the rural districts. the public to order at the post offiees stamps Post oHices on railroad trains were first imprill/.ed on their own stationerr, namely 1kr established on Jan. 16, 1851. The postal and 3kr on envelopes, Ikr on wrappers and Ikr service developed quite rapidly. Tn 1852. about and 2kr on post cards. But only such private· 15 million pieces of mail were handled, with Iy ordered envelopes, with imprinted stamps additional 24 million newspapers, which of Ikr. 3kr and 7kr (the last denomination figures increased in 1860 to 26 million and having been permitted later) are known, while 37 million respectively. no privately ordercd wrappers and post cards The Bavarian currency was the samc as arc reported. in the other countries or southern Germany, Bavaria was the third country which used namely 1 g'lilden equivalent to 60 kreuzer. a nllmeral design for ils first postage stamps.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 36, No. 3 Michael Colby
    Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection Spring 1987 Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 36, No. 3 Michael Colby Donald Graves Monica Pieper William T. Parsons Ursinus College Helen Urda Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag Part of the American Art and Architecture Commons, American Material Culture Commons, Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Cultural History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Folklore Commons, Genealogy Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, History of Religion Commons, Linguistics Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Recommended Citation Colby, Michael; Graves, Donald; Pieper, Monica; Parsons, William T.; and Smith, Helen Urda, "Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 36, No. 3" (1987). Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine. 116. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/116 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I------.w'l_____ -----,.-~ ~tnn~ lJ {vania oeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeo ul Ii e (tontril1utor~ MI C HAEL COLBY, a teacher in the Bethlehem A rea School District, a nd DO ALD G RAVES, a freela nce wri ter for the Bethlehem Globe­ Times a nd Early American Life magazine, are deeply in volved in 18th century life a nd traditions. T hey have bee n growing a nd ha nd -processing fl ax- spinning, dyeing a nd weaving the fi ber into cloth as was done by the settlers in colonial Pennsylva nia- a nd have been connected with the Jacobsburg Environmental Center a nd Historic Bethlehem, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Standard Terminology for Describing Academic Dress
    Transactions of the Burgon Society Volume 1 Article 2 1-1-2001 Towards a Standard Terminology for Describing Academic Dress Nicholas Groves Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/burgonsociety Recommended Citation Groves, Nicholas (2001) "Towards a Standard Terminology for Describing Academic Dress," Transactions of the Burgon Society: Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.4148/2475-7799.1001 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Burgon Society by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BBurgon Society Annual, 2001, pp. 9–12 TOWARDS A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR DESCRIBING ACADEMIC ROBES Nicholas Groves, MA, BMus, FBS, FSAScot It has been clear for many years that a standard, clear, terminology for describing academic robes is needed. Universities and colleges use very imprecise terms, and different institutions will use the same term with different meanings. A standard terminology should enable a gown or hood to be drawn accurately from its description, exactly as an heraldic blazon enables a coat-of-arms to be drawn. 1. Patterns/shapes. A start has already been made here with my classificatory system, whereby the different patterns of full, simple and Aberdeen hoods are each assigned a number, and the various shapes of robes and gowns are similarly codified (see Appendix I). There are probably a few more to be added, and some apparently differing patterns are assigned the same number – e.g. the ‘Leeds’ version of the full hood (with short cowl) is assigned the [f1] of Cambridge, as the length of the cowl is of no importance; likewise ‘London’ pattern doctors robes are listed as Cambridge [d1] as the London version is a very recent deviation.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Spain & Portugal: Pilgrimage Into the Past 2023
    YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® Northern Spain & Portugal: Pilgrimage into the Past 2023 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, For me, one of the joys of traveling is the careful planning that goes into an adventure—from the first spark of inspiration to hours spent poring over travel books about my dream destinations—and I can’t wait to see where my next journey will take me. I know you’re eager to explore the world, too, and our Northern Spain & Portugal itinerary described inside is an excellent way to start. Exactly how your adventure unfolds is up to you, because you have many choices to customize it. You can arrive early and stay later—perhaps by adding a pre- or post-trip extension, spending time in a Stopover city, or combining 2 or more trips. Plus, your itinerary is laced with free time, so you’ll have opportunities to do your own thing. More than 80% of the travelers who reserve this trip choose to tailor their adventure. In fact, O.A.T. is the only travel company to offer such flexibility and choice for an experience that is truly personalized. As for Northern Spain & Portugal, thanks to your small group of 8-16 travelers (average 13) you can expect some unforgettable experiences. Here are a few that stood out for me: When I stepped into Santa Colomba de Somoza, a rural village nestled in Spain’s northern León province, I felt an overwhelming sense of community—a small group bonded by their unique cultural identity as Maragatos, believed to be the last living descendents of the Berbers.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyrian Purple
    VKR TEX - Tutorials Manufacture of All Kinds of Auto loom Fabrics and Natural Dye Fabrics. Website: www.vkrtex.com E-Mail: [email protected] Tyrian purple Murex brandaris , also known as the Spiny dye-murex The chemical structure of 6,6′-dibromoindigo , the main component of TyrianPurple A space-filling model of 6,6′-dibromoindigo Tyrianpurple (Greek: πορφύρα, porphyra , Latin: purpura ), also known as royal purple or imperial purple , is a purple-red dye used by the ancient Phoenicians in the city of Tyre. The dye consists of a mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a medium-sized predatory sea snail, the marine gastropod Murex brandaris , commonly called the spiny dye-murex, a species in the family Muricidae, the murex or rock shells. In nature the snails use the secretion as part of their predatory behaviour, but the snail also secretes this substance when it is poked or physically attacked. Certain other species within the family Muricidae (e.g. Purpura patula from the western Atlantic ocean) can also produce a similar substance which turns into an enduring purple dye when exposed to sunlight. The Phoenicians also made a purple-blue indigo dye, called royal blue or hyacinth purple , which was made from a closely-related species of marine snail, called Murex (or Hexaplex ) trunculus , the Banded dye-murex. Tyrian purple was expensive: the fourth-century BC historian Theopompus reported, "Purple for dyes fetched its weight in silver at Colophon" in Asia Minor. Overview 6,6'-dibromoindigo, the major component of Tyrian purple The fast, non-fading dye was an item of luxury trade, prized by Romans, who used it to colour ceremonial robes.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Blue (Raf) {\Color{Airforceblueraf}\#5D8aa8
    Air Force Blue (Raf) {\color{airforceblueraf}\#5d8aa8} #5d8aa8 Air Force Blue (Usaf) {\color{airforceblueusaf}\#00308f} #00308f Air Superiority Blue {\color{airsuperiorityblue}\#72a0c1} #72a0c1 Alabama Crimson {\color{alabamacrimson}\#a32638} #a32638 Alice Blue {\color{aliceblue}\#f0f8ff} #f0f8ff Alizarin Crimson {\color{alizarincrimson}\#e32636} #e32636 Alloy Orange {\color{alloyorange}\#c46210} #c46210 Almond {\color{almond}\#efdecd} #efdecd Amaranth {\color{amaranth}\#e52b50} #e52b50 Amber {\color{amber}\#ffbf00} #ffbf00 Amber (Sae/Ece) {\color{ambersaeece}\#ff7e00} #ff7e00 American Rose {\color{americanrose}\#ff033e} #ff033e Amethyst {\color{amethyst}\#9966cc} #9966cc Android Green {\color{androidgreen}\#a4c639} #a4c639 Anti-Flash White {\color{antiflashwhite}\#f2f3f4} #f2f3f4 Antique Brass {\color{antiquebrass}\#cd9575} #cd9575 Antique Fuchsia {\color{antiquefuchsia}\#915c83} #915c83 Antique Ruby {\color{antiqueruby}\#841b2d} #841b2d Antique White {\color{antiquewhite}\#faebd7} #faebd7 Ao (English) {\color{aoenglish}\#008000} #008000 Apple Green {\color{applegreen}\#8db600} #8db600 Apricot {\color{apricot}\#fbceb1} #fbceb1 Aqua {\color{aqua}\#00ffff} #00ffff Aquamarine {\color{aquamarine}\#7fffd4} #7fffd4 Army Green {\color{armygreen}\#4b5320} #4b5320 Arsenic {\color{arsenic}\#3b444b} #3b444b Arylide Yellow {\color{arylideyellow}\#e9d66b} #e9d66b Ash Grey {\color{ashgrey}\#b2beb5} #b2beb5 Asparagus {\color{asparagus}\#87a96b} #87a96b Atomic Tangerine {\color{atomictangerine}\#ff9966} #ff9966 Auburn {\color{auburn}\#a52a2a} #a52a2a Aureolin
    [Show full text]
  • Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Absolute Zero 217° 36% 100% 0 72
    Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Absolute Zero 217° 36% 100% 0 72 186 #0048BA Acid green 65° 43% 76% 176 191 26 #B0BF1A Aero 206° 70% 70% 124 185 232 #7CB9E8 Aero blue 151° 89% 100% 201 255 229 #C9FFE5 African violet 288° 63% 31% 178 132 190 #B284BE Air superiority blue 205° 60% 39% 114 160 193 #72A0C1 Alabaster 46° 90% 27% 237 234 224 #EDEAE0 Alice blue 208° 97% 100% 240 248 255 #F0F8FF Alloy orange 27° 42% 85% 196 98 16 #C46210 Almond 30° 87% 52% 239 222 205 #EFDECD Amaranth 348° 53% 78% 229 43 80 #E52B50 Amaranth (M&P) 328° 40% 57% 159 43 104 #9F2B68 Amaranth pink 338° 78% 75% 241 156 187 #F19CBB Amaranth purple 342° 41% 63% 171 39 79 #AB274F Amaranth red 356° 48% 73% 211 33 45 #D3212D Amazon 147° 35% 35% 59 122 87 #3B7A57 Amber 45° 50% 100% 255 191 0 #FFBF00 Amber (SAE/ECE) 30° 50% 100% 255 126 0 #FF7E00 Amethyst 270° 60% 50% 153 102 204 #9966CC Android green 74° 50% 55% 164 198 57 #A4C639 Antique brass 22° 63% 47% 205 149 117 #CD9575 Antique bronze 52° 26% 55% 102 93 30 #665D1E Antique fuchsia 316° 46% 22% 145 92 131 #915C83 Antique ruby 350° 31% 66% 132 27 45 #841B2D Antique white 34° 91% 78% 250 235 215 #FAEBD7 Ao (English) 120° 25% 100% 0 128 0 #008000 Apple green 74° 36% 100% 141 182 0 #8DB600 Apricot 24° 84% 90% 251 206 177 #FBCEB1 Aqua 180° 50% 100% 0 255 255 #00FFFF Aquamarine 160° 75% 100% 127 255 212 #7FFFD4 Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Arctic lime 72° 54% 100% 208 255 20 #D0FF14 Army green 69° 23% 44% 75 83 32 #4B5320 Artichoke 76° 53% 13% 143 151 121 #8F9779 Arylide yellow 51° 67% 74% 233 214 107 #E9D66B Ash gray 135° 72% 8% 178 190
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0350127 A1 CANO Et Al
    US 2014035O127A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0350127 A1 CANO et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 27, 2014 (54) COLORANT COMPOUNDS DERVED FROM Publication Classification GENPIN OR GENPIN CONTAINING MATERLALS (51) Int. Cl. C09B 23/04 (2006.01) (71) Applicant: ECOFLORA S.A.S., Sabaneta (CO) C09B 67/54 (2006.01) C09B 67/22 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Esteban Vargas CANO, Itagui (CO); (52) U.S. Cl. Luis Fernando Echeverri Lopez, CPC ............. C09B 23/04 (2013.01); C09B 67/0034 Medellin (CO); Juan Fernando Gil (2013.01); C09B 67/0096 (2013.01) Romero, Medellin (CO); Edwin Andrés USPC ........ 514/772.7:528/327: 528/321:524/879; Correa Garcés, Medellin (CO); Sandra 435/267; 426/540 Patricia Zapata Porras, Medellin (CO) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: ECOFLORA S.A.S., Sabaneta (CO) The present disclosure provides colorant compounds and methods of isolation of the colorant compounds derived from (21) Appl. No.: 14/285,325 a reaction of genipin and an amine. The colorant composi tions comprise purified compounds (e.g., a purified polymer (22) Filed: May 22, 2014 or a purified dimer) obtained from multiple fractioning by chromatography of the reaction resulting material. The puri Related U.S. Application Data fied polymer or dimer can be used as a colorant by itself or in (60) Provisional application No. 61/826.391, filed on May combination with another colorant for imparting color to a 22, 2013, provisional application No. 61/836,072, food, a drug, a cosmetic, a medical device, and textile prod filed on Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • The Named Colors List Contains Over 1.500 Color Names with HEX and RGB Values, from "Absolute Zero" to "Zomp"
    The Named Colors list contains over 1.500 color names with HEX and RGB values, from "Absolute Zero" to "Zomp". Color Preview Color Name Hex RGB Absolute Zero 0048BA 0, 72, 186 Acid green B0BF1A 176, 191, 26 Aero 7CB9E8 124, 185, 232 Aero blue C9FFE5 201, 255, 229 African violet B284BE 178, 132, 190 Air superiority blue 72A0C1 114, 160, 193 Alabama crimson AF002A 175, 0, 42 Alabaster F2F0E6 242, 240, 230 Aliceblue F0F8FF 240, 248, 255 Alloy orange C46210 196, 98, 16 Almond EFDECD 239, 222, 205 Aloeswood brown (Tonocha) 5A6457 90, 100, 87 Aloewood-color (Kyara-iro) 6A432D 106, 67, 45 Amaranth E52B50 229, 43, 80 Amaranth deep purple 9F2B68 159, 43, 104 Amaranth pink F19CBB 241, 156, 187 Amaranth purple AB274F 171, 39, 79 Amaranth red D3212D 211, 33, 45 Amazon 3B7A57 59, 122, 87 Amber FFBF00 255, 191, 0 Amber (Kohaku-iro) CA6924 202, 105, 36 Amber (SAE/ECE) FF7E00 255, 126, 0 Amethyst 9966CC 153, 102, 204 Amur cork tree (Kihada) F3C13A 243, 193, 58 Anti-flash white F2F3F4 242, 243, 244 Antique brass CD9575 205, 149, 117 Antique bronze 665D1E 102, 93, 30 Antique fuchsia 915C83 145, 92, 131 Color Preview ACnotlioqru eN arumbey H8e4x1B2D R1G32B, 27, 45 Antiquewhite FAEBD7 250, 235, 215 Apple 66B447 102, 180, 71 Apple green 8DB600 141, 182, 0 Apricot FBCEB1 251, 206, 177 Aqua 00FFFF 0, 255, 255 Aqua Blue color (Mizu-iro) 86ABA5 134, 171, 165 Aquamarine 7FFFD4 127, 255, 212 Arctic lime D0FF14 208, 255, 20 Army green 4B5320 75, 83, 32 Artichoke 8F9779 143, 151, 121 Arylide yellow E9D66B 233, 214, 107 Ash gray B2BEB5 178, 190, 181 Asparagus 87A96B
    [Show full text]
  • In the Pink: the Strange Case of Trinity College Dublin
    Transactions of the Burgon Society Volume 4 Article 8 1-1-2004 In the Pink: The Strange Case of Trinity College Dublin Bruce Christianson University of Hertfordshire Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/burgonsociety Recommended Citation Christianson, Bruce (2004) "In the Pink: The Strange Case of Trinity College Dublin," Transactions of the Burgon Society: Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.4148/2475-7799.1031 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Burgon Society by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Burgon Society Annual, 2004, pp. 53–58 In the Pink: The Strange Case of Trinity College Dublin by Bruce Christianson According to the frontispiece of Taylor’s history of the University of Dublin, published in 1845, the MA hood of Trinity College was once lined with pink.1 However in Gutch’s table of 1858 the MA lining is listed as dark blue, and it has been given as blue (with various qualifications of the shade) by every authority since then. It is natural to assume that the academic dress of Trinity College was, since the University’s eventual foundation in 1591, developed from and subsequently influenced (although not constrained) by that of Oxford and Cambridge. Indeed, Hargreaves-Mawdsley asserts (p. 146) that the academic dress of Trinity ‘was almost entirely copied from Cambridge, and in a few cases from Oxford’. I shall argue below that the influence of Oxford was in fact considerably more pronounced than this quotation allows, but in either case the pink lining of the MA presents us with a conundrum.
    [Show full text]
  • BASF History We Create Chemistry 1865 – 2015
    BASF History We create chemistry 1865 – 2015 150 years BASF History We create chemistry 1865 – 2015 BASF celebrates its 150th anniversary in 2015. Discover a company history which shows how chemistry enables new ideas and solutions. Table of Contents Chronology: 1865 – 1901 16 Chronology: 1902 – 1924 28 Responsibility 35 Chronology: 1925 – 1944 44 Solutions 53 Chronology: 1945 – 1964 62 Global Presence 71 Chronology: 1965 – 1989 80 Joint Success 89 Chronology: 1990 – 2015 98 Development of BASF’s Logo 112 3 1865 – 1901 1902 – 1924 1925 – 1944 1945 – 1964 1965 – 1989 1990 – 2015 Workers operate filter presses by hand to get indigo as dry as possible at the end of the production process in 1921. 1865 – 1901 The Age of Dyes 1865 – 1901 1902 – 1924 1925 – 1944 1945 – 1964 1965 – 1989 1990 – 2015 Das Zeitalter der Farben XXXX Female workers take care of plants at the Agricultural Research Station Limburgerhof, today Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, around the year 1925. Pot experiments yield information about the influence of fertilizers on plant growth. 1902 – 1924 The Haber-Bosch Process and the Age of Fertilizers 1865 – 1901 1902 – 1924 1925 – 1944 1945 – 1964 1965 – 1989 1990 – 2015 A high-pressure reactor with vast dimensions is fitted at the Ludwigs- hafen site in 1935. BASF pioneers high-pressure technology and intro- duces it to the chemical industry. High-pressure technology becomes 1925 – 1944 increasingly characteristic of indus- trial chemistry. New High-Pressure Syntheses 1865 – 1901 1902 – 1924 1925 – 1944 1945 – 1964 1965 – 1989 1990 – 2015 1945 – 1964 From New Beginnings to the Plastic Age Since the 1960s, plastics have opened up many new areas of application.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,276,189 B2 Wires (45) Date of Patent: Oct
    US007276189B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,276,189 B2 Wires (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 2, 2007 (54) METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR 4,645,317 A 2/1987 Frieder et al. MANUFACTURING PLASTIC OPTICAL 4,693,446 A 9/1987 Orlosky LENS 4,728,469 A 3/1988 13111111616161. 4,846,913 A 7/1989 Frieder et al. (76) Inventor: Duane L. Wires, 109 S. Main St., Ada, 4351530 A 7/1989 Rlckwood OH (Us) 45810 4,873,029 A 10/1989 Blum 4,879,318 A 11/1989 Lipscomb et al. 4,913,544 A 4/1990 Rickwood et al. ( * ) Not1ce: Subject' to any d1scla1mer,~the term of this 4,919,850 A 4/l990 Blum et a1‘ patent 15 extended or adjusted under 35 4,921,205 A 5/1990 Drew, Jr, et a1‘ U-S-C- 154(1)) by 1200 days- 5,316,702 A 5/1994 Blum et al. 5,358,672 A 10/1994 Blum (21) Appl. N0.: 09/741,780 5,364,256 A 11/1994 Lipscomb et al. 5,406,341 A 4/1995 Blum et al. (22) Filed: Dec. 19, 2000 5,415,816 A 5/1995 BuaZZa et al. 5,514,214 A 5/1996 Joel et a1. Prior Publication Data A LlpSCOIIlb et al. 5,523,030 A 6/1996 Kingsbury US 2004/0131849 A1 Jul. 8, 2004 5,529,728 A 6/1996 BuaZZa et 31, 5,531,940 A 7/1996 Gupta et al. Related US. Application Data 5,689,324 A ll/l997 Lossman et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Colour and Race Author(S): John Beddoe Source: the Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol
    Colour and Race Author(s): John Beddoe Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 35 (Jul. - Dec., 1905), pp. 219-250 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2843064 . Accessed: 14/06/2014 03:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 185.44.78.156 on Sat, 14 Jun 2014 03:00:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ( 219 ) COLOUR AND RACE. The Hquxley Memorial Lectursefor- 1900. BY JOHN BEDDOE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. [DELIVERED OCTOBER 31ST, 1905. WITH PLATES XVI, XVII.] THE Huxley lecture is usually said to be commemorativeof the great man whose name it bears. I am not sure that I quite like the adjective. The characterand achievementsof Huxley, the impressionhe made on his countryand his time, are not likely to fade fromour memories.
    [Show full text]