D I R R’ S C O EL Q)’ EAL
EGYPTI A N A RA B I C
G RA M MA R
F OR - TH E US E OF TOUR I S TS
TR ANSLATE D B Y
L A L L M . A . W H . Y . ,
R ! F RD B A S E N OS E COL L E GE , O O
W I T H V OCAB U L A RY
H EN RY F R OWD E O O E D I N B U R G H GL A S GOW L N D N , , N E W Y OR K A N D T O R O N T O
1 9 0 4 0 ( C O O
0 0 ( c " g o a t !
O! F ORD : H ORACE H ART
P R I N TE R TO T H E U N I VE RS I TY PR E F A CE
T H ERE are of course m any aids to the study of colloqui al E Arabic a a . , especi lly the di lect of gypt I mention here only the
b a of a a a an d Vollers excellent pu lic tions Spitt Bey, H rtm nn , to sa a a I a y nothing of the numerous convers tion l guides . If h ve incre ased the number of works on the subject by this present
a a I a n so b o f n a gr mm r, h ve do e with the o ject putting i to the h nds
wh o n ot a a a of the student is philologist , who knows neither cl ssic l
ab a a b a Ar ic nor one of its modern di lects, ook which , in contr st
a a as a a b to most works th t h ve yet ppe red on the su ject, does not
an a of an d presume y previous knowledge on the p rt the student,
b difii culties a a which removes , wherever possi le , the th t must rise in the study of an idiom s o very diff erent from th at of the Indo
E a a a I a urope n l ngu ges . With this intention h ve put the elements
a a a a of the l ngu ge into lessons , with progressive exercises well d pted to the requirements of the beginner ; an d I h ave decided to aba ndon any a ttempt at giving a system atic representation o f the
a a b e a a a . gr mm r, which would unnecess ry in the e rly st ges The b ab all r a cti ca l an d I hO e m a be ook is then ove things p , p it y
as a at of a a judged such . The phr ses given the end the gr mm r
b e an d a n - a at will found useful ; the re di g m tter the end, with inter
a a a v on a has line r tr nsl tion , will ser e to impress the memory wh t a a b a an d a a a o f lre dy een le rnt , will lso give good ex mple connected speech .
a use of b I a As reg rds the the ook , should like to m ke the
b on e a a . a following rem rks In the first pl ce , if possi le should le rn the pronunci ation from some one who knows E gypti an Arabic . If this is not practicable one should pronounce the co n so n ants a s
as b a a b are h correctly possi le . The conson nts in Ar ic of muc more import ance tha n the vowels ; the la tter a re somewhat va ri iv PR EFA CE
1 b an r a n a d a e a a . R a le , lmost lw ys left out in writi g e ding the chrestomathy slowly a loud will accustom the student to the sound
‘ of the l anguage . The (792) an d the Iza mz d must never b e slurred over an d they should always be regarded a s definite consonants ; s is always sharp like 5 3 ; z is smooth like the s in r ose ; a dis tinction must b e ma de between i an d d ; p does not occur in
' ’ ’ ' a b éé l a an d a a ab so a e i . Ar ic, the word p sh must not p The Arabic exercises m ay be tra nsl ated into E n glish an d then b ack again into Arabic ; in this way additional exercises m ay b e
b a a a b formed . The ver s given fter e ch conjug tion should e con
: b of a juga ted throughout the ver is the soul the Ar bic language . Of course the learning Of a language consists largely in learning by heart . One should not allow oneself to be frightened by the tales of the excessive diffi culty of learning Ar abic ; colloquial Arabic has
b n - b R a and a a are very few stum li g locks . ussi n Hung ri n much h arder ; for my ow n p art I maintain th at French necessitates much
E c a . b more work ven in the se of the notorious ver , the student will soon s ee that all its different forms ha ve in re ality but on e
a ffi conjugation . It re lly is not very di cult to initiate oneself into
an a in a a a this vigorous l gu ge c omp r tively short time . The student who h as worked thoroughly through the grammar and the re ading a b a b o a m tter will soon find his e rings in other o ks , especi lly in
a - b an d has be ab re ding ooks, , if he the good fortune to le to put
a a a of a a his knowledge to the pr ctic l test in the l nd the Ph r ohs, he will m ake rapid progress . The territory of the modern Arabic dialects stretches over the
of a a of a a an d whole Northern Afric , p rt the South , Syri , P lestine,
a of a a the peninsul Ar bi . The dialects vary in the following provinces (according to Vollers and Burkitt)
'
1 . M a ur el m a M n a and . ( orocco, Algiers Tu is)
. i a n l e 3 Sy r a d P a s ti ne.
1 Th s i s however on t ru e o f th e short o e s . i , , ly v w l P R E FA CE
II k J es o ofa m i a . - p
‘ ' R I r a ab a . C g (B yloni )
' O Wes /e n A r a éi a az r (the Hig ).
T N S ouf/zer n A r a bi a (Yemen a nd H adram fit).
O ‘ ‘ C E a r/er a A r a éi a (B ahrén an d Oman).
. Cen /r a l A r a bia N e d 9 ( g , f a b 1 B eda i n a f. 0 . The Arabic o the w forms cl ss y itsel
The dialect of which the present book treats is th a t of C airo . The l anguage of E gypt is at present only a spoken on e of very
— n a a doubtful origin the E gypti a n dialect is not writte . The Cl ssic l or Literary Arabic has been a dmirably treated in Professor Adolf ’ Wahrm un d s grammar : it is unnecessary to go i n to it in the
a f ab present work . If I h ve devoted a e w pages to the Ar ic a ab an d I a s o lph et script , h ve done only to give the student some insight into the writing . The spoken forms of E gyptian Arabic (a ccording to Spitta Bey) are a an d a not yet well determined, much v ries still, much ch nges
f a continually in the mouth o the people . The n tives themselves ’
a a a a . a a s y th t their l ngu ge is i e . ccording to e ch one s
a a m an f a a a person l fancy . If o the uneduc ted classes is sked wh t
use a a a is the right expression to in cert in c se , he will frequently ” ' ’ ’ a kull iz e a a o ll o z 6 fi a a . nswer , it is the s me However, they look
on ab f E a n I a down the Ar ic o urope ns a d Copts . quote Spitt Bey
but I a had a here , h ve often simil r experiences in my intercourse with Arabs .
T HE AUTHOR .
CON T E N T S
T H E A L PH ABET
GRAM M AR
READ I N G M ATTER
NOTES T O READI NG M ATTER 1 2 0
ARABIC - E NGLI SH VO CABUL ARY 1 2 4
E NGLISH - ARABIC VO CABUL ARY
CORRI GEND A
T H E A L P H A B E T .
I T H E N A N T . C O S O N S .
Conne t ed c .
Uncon N am e . d th re On both n ect e . Wi p d i n r u tt r . tt e e . vi o s le e s i es . g l Conn e ted c .
Un confi T ra ns
N a m e . Wi th re On both th fo ow t o n e ct ed . s cr n p Wi ll ip i . on s e tt r s de s tt e . . i n e er vi l i g l .
u 01' 0
Z or 8
W I I . T H V E L E O S .
The Arabic alphabet is re ally composed of conson ants alone ; h d to write the vowels recourse must be a to supplementary signs .
are a a a can be Short vowels , which ne rly lw ys left out in writing, written as follows
1 r tten rom r ht to t A ra bi c i s w i f ig lef . TH E V0 WE L S 3
’ ‘ a a e b a l : . . J ka l a b r aéa l , , y (f fi) e g , he wrote J; g , moun
‘ ’ ’ ke : z r i b s r . a . s zn n t in Short y ( ) e gf , he knew ; ,
L i u b . a km f tooth . Short y e . g fi , judgement ; “
‘ kaz u a b . , ooks L an be ong vowels , on the other h d, must written
' ‘ fi r a a a l3 n a r e t b . a b : . . y me ns of l e g ) , ; g ? g , he rought ‘ ‘ E l z l i b a of : . . xs s A a y me ns g e g O , purse ; J g , few .
: Zr s a : . . ? al s a ! 3 n z C 5 i ii y me ns of ) e g J) g , y ” , light ; } / j see !
a u an d ei a a ab bu t are a The diphthongs ppe r in Ar ic , usu lly " "
n d w ri ten an . z ir z fi r as 0 a e t d . ; a found ( e g J { ( , goodness
5a in = 6572 b u bit ? na am 715772 , etween ; , house r} , sleep ’
é m da . V) ; y , y ' ’ n oi z a u z a bu t a l a s mo e a The diphtho gs , , lso occur, r re y , gy , w ter ’ ' a it /di a i na a z l a . d , e rs ; , occup tion
’ ’ If there is no vowel atta ched to a conson ant the s ukzen m ay be
l’ : . . Lf li mulk f a /z m a . written over it e g , property ; , t llow
ka m z a 9 see a For under pronunci tion . ’ l ef a i a a a a a a n a The , in sh pe like sm ll U! , is pl ced over conso nt a b : fia r r ; 6mm ff to show th t it is dou led , hot ; a , co ee bean . ’ ’ The ma a a is pl aced over 1to show th at there are re ally two ’ ’ a : . a . “T a m m an . a . m e g ( d , In writing it is usu lly omitted ab ffi These short notes on Ar ic writing must su ce . Since the a a a b a o ne be l ngu ge tre ted in this ook is only spoken , it would waste of time to trouble the student with the m a ny orthographic al
a a ab rules which exist in cl ssic l Ar ic . If the student desires to study a the written language he c an fi n d it in any of the l a rger gramm rs .
P R ON UN c I AT I ON OF T H E CO N S ON A N T S .
’ a l ba m t has a a l gf ( z a ). This letter no ch r cteristic sound of its own a a . Whenever it occurs there is short interv l of silence
’ n e m b of (hi atus). The 12 in the Fre ch l a Ii am e res les the sound
’ ha mz a a u at b a . The s me sound occ rs the eginning of the Germ n
B 2 4 COL L OQ UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GRA M M A R
a eb 6m 0 . ab in f words , In Ar ic it frequently occurs the middle o
a an d a be a a a . word, c re must t ken to rticul te it
’ L a s a a l ask a et us t ke the words , ; educ te In these words there mu st be a sharp p ause where is thus not s eal
’ ’ b ut s é- a l ; not y i aaa ié but y i Disti n ction must be m a de between by which we transcribe a lif (ka rm a) a n d by which we
‘ ’ ra b en t nscri e (q .
There are two distinct sounds a ttached to a sharp one an d
' ’ a o n e . a a a l a zr u smooth The former ppe rs in come in g { g, ’ a ! a : m a mzi r o fli cial he s id , Go out Ag in , when no vowel follows it , , o r when it stands a t the beginning of a syllable and a consonant ’ ’ ’d as : el a bl a el a a a a a . precedes it , , the f mily ; , the c ll to pr yer
(See also pronunci a tion of the L3. ) The smooth pronunci a tion is found when a vowel immedi a tely
or a a a t follows it, vowel or conson nt in close union wi h it precedes ”
. a a i bn it : e . g m I do not know ; he educ tes ; ’
. O are Ahmed s son ften , however , the two vowels con ” t n n a n .ma a o e d a Iza m z a a a : e . tr c ed i to , the hi tus of the dis ppe rs g ’ y d/zmea z y d Oh Ahmed ! l 6 as i n E : . ) ea . . a g , nglish e g g . , door
’ : l ? r a t as E . . a fo é . 09 , in nglish e g g ) , dust
as s e E n 172 b ut t , prop rly like the glish , more of en pronounced x as a t : . 3 Mr o . e much ; ” , Sometimes pronounced 3 like .
i n E : . a g . a . G g , gypt pronounced h rd like g in gold, good e g J ‘
abal a n a r b . a g , mount i ; J? g , neigh our In Syri it is pronounced soft .
z a n a a 12 n far ba ( , is stro gly spir ted pronou ced very ck in the
. be a bu t : e . . 72am thro t, quite smoothly g w , friend fl must
‘ t an 1 n of a dis inguished from 12 d from 5. If lz sta ds at the end word an d b a a a be is preceded y conson nt , short euphonic vowel must
b s u a : . /2 b a b e a . inserted etween the two to en le to he rd e g d , d t wa n w a /z . a mor ing, pronounced In he s me y, if it closes a ab a e i o r a a a n c a syll le ft r , short is i serted (in the pronun i tion
’ ' fi ‘ fi : I . z z s u zi mali r i . only) e . g . l , good ; V, wind ; f fi, roofs ( Cb
6 COL L OQ UI A L E G YP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
5 b r a r but a : . . . f a ] Northum i n , rougher th n either e g £ g , work ;
é ar a la a b o a . ” g , without , g, re ch , ecome dult, ripen
'
E . a i r a as : . . ] , in nglish e g f g , poor
ha s E a ab L; 9, three sounds in modern gypti n Ar ic
a a a an d a a a a (i) In Alex ndri , in the Soud n , mong the pe s nts gener lly, '
i s n . . ig al a s ; i r f a t it sou ded like g e g J g , he s id ; U ) g , pi s re
sei a . g , m rket
(11) In the common speech of the towns it is pronounced like a lif
’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ § e . . dl i r zfl a s ei . e g , ; Jfl y , he s ys ;
a a a n a i n has a (iii) In pl ces , especi lly mo g the Bed w , g ret ined its a a a k proper sound , th t is sound like , produced very deep
V ’ a i l i r s‘ e l s : zi fi . down in the thro t , thus o , g , y g , g
‘ ’ s k as E : . . J kalo ni ka l a o has a) , in nglish e g , dog ; u , he written .
. ) are . I as E : . a a a J , in nglish e g V , g me (pl y)
m as E : . maol a . t‘ , in nglish e g g, sum ”
n a s E n : . . ts n a r 3 mi r . 72 b u , in glish e g J , fire ; ” , light efore a o o an d q a a 772 . . s e . m g ) , fl u g , , . is lw ys pronounced like e g side '
’ b im a ta has b . eside f fi, it een Opened i o b 12 b ut a a a b : . . s lzir 5 , , lw ys distinctly udi le e g Op , he ’
a ; sa br . fled , esc ped J r , month ‘ ’ w as E n : . . 4 1 wZzZa a bo . , in glish e g ) , y, child a s in E nglish ; followi n g a consonant at the end of a word ‘
m ma fi a . i i : . da “ s . o g , ; , w lk it pronounced like e g p y y cf
R N I I F E P O UN C A T O N O T H E VOW L S .
The vowels should be pronounced as given in the tra n sliteration
b a a b a th a h a h n in this ook, lw ys e ring in mind t t ey h ve t e Co ti l h n en t a an d E a . a a e a , not the nglish v lues Thus is pronounced , ,
' z e e a a s a a E n a . ; is , in the Germ n , ne rly the glish The conso
‘ ” " a t a l w ri t e) an d e a re t he n a z? o n n s l y, 3 , g y , sometimes lo g vowels , ( ) n n n ff n a a d i (e). The co son a ts have a considerable e ect o the ctu al
a n a a s a b a a pronunci tio of the vowels . Thus is pronounced ro d
12 z 2 r an d a a with , ( , ( , g, g ; whilst with the emph tic conson nts (g P R ON UN CI A TI ON OF TH E VO WEL S 7
and w excepted) it somewh a t resembles an 0 ; the dent als (with the exception of n) and o a n d f c a use it to b e sounded nea rly like a or a The i is less influenced by its neighbouring consonants ; a ha s
f 0 a t 1 z an d a o . slight suspicion f er 1, { g ‘ We c a nnot here give all these nuances : the following rule
b v should be strictly o ser ed . I n p r on ou n c i n g A r a b i c t h e p r on u n c i at i on o f t h e c on s o n an t s s h u l d b e r i r u s l a t t e n d e d t o w h e r e a s t h e v o w e l s o go o y ,
n e e d n ot b e s o c a r e f u l l y p r on ou n c e d . T h e p r op e r n u a n c e s
o f t h e l a t t er w i l l t h e n b e at t ai n e d Wi t h ou t m u c h e ff or t .
T h e r o ot s of A r ab i c w or d s c on s i s t of c on s on an t s a n d n ot
of v ow e l s .
P - W D R M I ARY E L S H E L VO EL S A N I N T E E D VOW .
If a word end in two consonants an d the follo wing word begin
a a a a a a with conson nt , short intermedi ry vowel is tt ched to the first
’ ' ’ e f o a : . . ku ll r a il m an ka /a ol m a ki zi word e g g , every ; , you h ve written
a letter .
a a a a b ffi a nd This interposition of vowel lso t kes pl ce efore su xes,
- a the negation p article i (f e) z e . g . you h ve written to us
‘ f u l zflzum a moina b m e? ka laofi f ou a g , their work ; g , eside us ; , y h ve I a a are not written ; have hit you . (Further p rticul rs
given in the chapters on Nega tion an d the Suffi xes . )
T H E S Y L L A B L E A N D T H E ACCEN T .
E a ab very syllable in Arabic begins with a consonant . If syll le
a a o en o n e a ends in vowel it is c lled p , if in or more conson nts it is
’
a b e el os ea . s i Z a n ab s id to Thus in the word Ji gfi , fl is open syll le, “ i! a closed one .
are e There thr e sorts of syllables .
a s /z or t ab a : . . ( ) The , Open syll le , which ends in short vowel e g ’ ? i l do a r a o 1 in fi ; in a .
1 S pitt a B ey gives c opiou s m a tter o n the in fluen ce of th e c on s onan t s on the n f p r o u n ciation o the vowels i n hi s Gra m m ar . 8 COL L OQ UI A L E GYPTI A N A R A B I C GR A MM A R
o s emi - l on ab a ( ) The g syll le , which ends in either long vowel or a a t a fi a a t diphthong , or else in shor vowel with n l conson n ” ' ‘ ’ l a Ia u é i l il m o a r a . . o e g , , y , in fi , in a .
e l on ab a ( ) The g syll le, which ends either in short vowel followed b a or a one a a : y two conson nts , in long vowel with fin l conson nt
‘ ' ‘ ‘ ilt i ill ”ai r mol ar a d . n i a i e . g in f in ( ; r ; in s The A eeent falls as follows
' ' ' O n a l ab k l S z al : . a a m o (i) n the fi syll le if it is long e g . , peech ; g , ’ ’ ’ a r t a l I a a a o /zz m . mount ins ; , you h ve struck fi , understood
O enultima fe ab a - (ii) n the p syll le if the l st is semi long or short , but only if the penultimate syll able is itself semi - long or lo ng
’ ‘ . a mofiammea M a cfl ze e . g we h ve written ; , oh mmed ; g or
’ ' al u m a 1511s . g , they s id ; ( , quite a ab but a a If the penultim te syll le is short, the ntepenultim te is
- a ab long or semi long (or the word ltogether is only dissyll ic), the t ab has a a . penultim e syll le the ccent : e . g they write ;
' mus f a a M a a b a . f , ust f ; tri un l (iii) The a nfeperza Z/i ma te syllable has the accent if neither of the be two l ast has it . Further b ack th a n this the a ccent cannot ’ ’ ’ ’
. oiz s a r a ab . E . a r a a thrown . g a , they struck ; g , tree ; Ar ic
be b a a - ffi It should o served th t the conjug tion endings , the su xes , and a n - a t aff a the neg tio p rticle ect the ccent , since they form one ’ ’ o ab a re a a h : . . a r a syll ic group with the word to which they tt c ed e g a ,
’ ’ ’ ' has ar a ol I a c a r aom has he struck ; a , h ve stru k a , he struck me ;
’ ’ ' ’ a cf r a bfi a a r a ozi lz t h a ma a , they h ve struck ; a , hey ve struck him o
’ ‘ r a t es a w a a w a a M f uo , they h ve not struck y , with ; y ay , with me ; ,
b kufaona b &c . ooks ; , our ooks , For the purposes of accen tu ation the i n termedi ary vowels a re counted as short vowels ; they are capable of being a ccentuated themselves (in which c a se they b ecome somewha t lengthened) : b . a o /zu m . m zZ e g with her ; g , eside them ; you
’
a r a oodn a O L a m a ma . h ve struck us ; , ur ord (inste d of ) We give the proper a ccentuation of every word throughout the book . If a short vowel has the accent it is indicated by an acute
’ a . . ka/a ot a a ccent e g , you h ve written ; if in the s me word long TH E R OO TS A N D FOR M S OF A R A B I C 9 vowels occur they have a hori z ontal line pl aced over them h . as t . e . g he s ruck us If a long vowel has the a ccent it h as the circumflex accent
’ 1 ‘ a il a r a f i : . l M /z a e a o over it e . g g , few ; a , they h ve struck him ; j , he has seen us . Thus every vowel which has the accent bears either or
T H E OOT S A N D OR M OF A A B I C R F S R .
a a o f As we mentioned in tre ting the vowels , the me ning words
ab on a and in Ar ic depends the conson nts not on the vowels . An
ab of a ab b ut a Ar ic root then does not consist syll le , of succession
c a a a a . of onson nts (usu lly three , occ sion lly more) The root of the
’ s a b k a ma kl o o a f o zl &c . words , ook ; , write , , written , , thus consists
" o f h 1216 a fl ea/ra mmed M a the t ree letters ; th t of the words , oh mmed , ’ ’ n d a a za m a ma . Z , pr ise , is fi The Arabic language is formed of words derived from such roots . The rootf V(dd ) serves as a p attern for the formation of the a A ab a t a ki/a ohas v rious forms in r ic . Thus one s ys h t the word
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ a l k m fil zZ t the form fi (Jig s); the word m a i dothe form af (s ) ‘ i r l word gf the form fi i & c . a at ab a s a We c nnot here discuss length Ar ic forms , it would t ke
a and b up too much sp ce , would only serve to perplex the eginner b ut a a a a the student ought to underst nd wh t is me nt when it is s id ,
‘ ’ a a a of d zl a for inst nce, th t the nomin tives the formf , in the form tion
i an d a a : a a of the feminine , reject the shorten the into in f ct th t é ‘l the feminine isf e.
1 ‘ ’ ’ 12 as a s u ffi m ean n hi m i s n ot r on ou nced s o tha t a r a ofllz the x i g p , a y ’ ha e s tru c him and dr a bz? the ha e s truc a re on d s t n u shab e b v k , a y v k, ly i i g i l y th a en t e cc . G R A M M A R .
L N ESSO I .
T H E AR T I CL E A N D T H E E GE N I T I V .
D e nfl e A r !i el e el a l for all an d The fi is ( ) genders numbers . The I sound of the a rticle is assimil ated to any of the following ’ ’ r s s s n n a d b . a z a an d : . sounds , , , , , , a, , frequently lso g e g
’ ' ' elssa nzs t s u n essul an h a a of the house ; , he ; f , t e Sult n (inste d
’ ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' el aar eli anzs & c . e bbal a ekba lan , , ) further gg or the mount in ; ’ ’ ’ - o r elba /zi n . a r z s i s f n are , the door lock The letters , , , , , , a, ,
a s ol a r . b a n c lled letters After, or efore vowel , the vowel sou d of ' ’ ' ‘ ’ t a a a l r a : . z r a il n a a a i the r icle is usu lly omitted e g . g (i ste d of ' ’ ‘ ’ er r a il m an a nzi laz lza r E l - z a g ), there is the ; g , the A h r mosque .
’ ' ‘ The I n a efin zi e A r !i el e is either omitted a ltogether or else expressed ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a a o bi a b a w zi . w a e wa y the numer l Z , fem b (sometimes is used) ' ’ ' ’ ’ a ia r a il a m an w a oe i n b ! 21 . e . . w g b g , b , girl 1 The Gen i!i ve is usually formed by the mere juxtaposition of the
b an . b b a are fi o ne two su st tives If oth su st ntives definite, the rst
’ ' ‘ ’
a : e . . a be! er r a il n loses its rticle g the m n s house , g ; the ki g s
‘ ’ l zb t a bi n! elma . a a d ughter, In other c ses the two s nd without
' ’ ’ ’ ’ i i l a a bi n ! malib a n a : . bé! r the rticle e . g g , m n s house ; , ki g s daughter . — NOTE The form ation of our compound substantives is brought ab h w a b a a t b e out in t is y y juxt position ; tten ion , however, must give n as to whether the substantives h ave the definite article or the ’ ‘ ’ ' b . a a b b ei l a b lzu oanz a a : . indefinite rticle e g w rdro e , ; the w rdro e ,
’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ dfi la b elbu a za a a bin ! mal ib a king s d ughter , the king s d ughter, b‘lib bi n! elm .
1 We s a There n o longer e xist s i n m odern A rabi c a ny rea l declens ion . h ll learn th e weak r em n ants fr om the clas si ca l l angu age i n the course of th e less on s . TH E A R TI CL E A N D TH E GEN I TI VE I I
’ ’ ‘ 1 ’ ‘ V - a bi ban a bbl b l a ocAB UL AR v. b b . b . z b , pl , g te , door ; , pl , dog ; i a /t t . m a dfi a i a n b b . bi n! . , pl girl , d ughter ; y l , pl f b, key ; b , pl
' ‘ a bab . w zl dd bo a n d t elzez b , friend , lover ; pl , y ; , wi h , ’ ’ ‘ ’ uaaci nz b Of a a na b o g , efore ( pl ce); with the y ;
'
olbab . , in front of the door
x r i E e c s e s .
’ ’ ’ 2 ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ‘ e b V a a e n a aa m w bla a ellza bi l a b gu a nz egg néne (garden). g ' ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ” a zae n n ba en ne ba b a b e enene w e e e. b é b gg . ( l ) g g .
‘ ‘ ’ c’ ’ ' ’ ' e n n a n ae laa i b a n e i e. w a el a i w ilda el a bib. m c bi b gg fi b b. b afi ’ ’ a a el ci b ba bi el il ci a i b . ba m f ?! b . w
’ Where (f en at the end of the sentence) (is) the key ? In front ’
f r a . b . o the ga den g te . The children of the friends The oy s friend ” ’ ’
a . n a The g rden gates The dog is with the girl s frie d . The m n s
’
- b . a . oys The friend s d ughters A door key . The key of the ” ba b door . The dog is in front of the house door ( The garden is in front of the house The key of the wa rdrobe
‘ ’ ' ' ’ mu az b a zelab elbuazl nz ( f ) is in front of the door.
LESSO N I I .
— ‘ GE N D ER T H E GE N I T I VE WI T H beza .
r b a e a a an d . There two genders in Ar ic , m sculine feminine The
a a a n a m sculine nouns h ve no peculi r distinguishi g fe ture . The following a re of the f emi n i ne gender ’ L a b : n nz7n bi n! r a (i) iving fem le eings , mother ; , gi l , d ughter ;
’ u l a ne n a s a . f , Sult
a o f a n d a : i n eliz E (ii) N mes peoples , countries pl ces g , nglish ;
er a ns i s mas r E a ei i einz a f , French , gypt, C iro ; , Syri ;
a t a bar iz a D miet , P ris . (iii) The names of those p arts of the hum an body which occur in ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ a : en w zon ear i a a r z l . duplic te , eye , ; , h nd g , foot
1 F or plura ls an d fem in i n e s s ee n ext fe w less ons . 2 i Th e pres ent t ense of the verb to be i s omitted n A rabi c . 12 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
a b a L (iv) All irregul r ( roken) plur ls (see esson III). (If, however, a b n a these nouns denote living m sculine ei gs , the s me con
n struc tion ca b e employed as in the c ase o f regular plurals . n See Lessons I V a d XXIII . ) ‘ ’ b o f as : baa a n b ba n b (v) A num er words , such , ody f , elly ;
’ ' ' anleban b r e /2 r t n as a , shop , ooth l , spi i ; , m nkind , people ’ mona e s ci nza a i ams ( ) , he ven ; , sun .
a a e a a ab c a of (vi) Words ending in , , (in cl ssic l Ar ic This l ss
b a ffi or b a n word, when followed y su x , in com in tio to form
' ‘ ‘ n d a a . enene! elw ala ge itive , revives the origin l e . g g , the ’ boy s garden m y garden gas a be! the
’ ’ h a a s a be a merc nt s pipe (g , pipe). — NOTE These feminine substantives frequently reject the short vowel before the an d at the same time shorten the long vowel of
a b a t a . a the penultim te syll le In this c se , however , the ccent mus not be a a n but a on a ch nged (see Accentu tio ), it rem ins the origin l
‘ - b o f a : . a a!a be! tonic syll le e g. inste d of the threshold the
c ' ‘ ” ‘ ’ ez i a b! elbe! but ai a b! house , ( not a Si a Inste d of mple juxt position to express the genitive, the word " be!d e a n t a . ! b i fem (or pl . , is of en used, in which c se
’ " ’ g b b a a a . elbalb be!a er r a il h an oth su st ntives h ve the rticle e . g j , t e m s ’ ‘ dog ; elgas a be the merch ant s pipe ; elw ila d " ‘ ’ bun? el z a bz b l , the friend s children .
’ ‘ A AR lz z7 d o f lz . ! O ! U . . a fi a ! VOC B L Y fem , pl , give y , h (sign ‘ ’ z h a voi r a dna i l a . voc tive) h ve (lit wit me , in sense of possession , ’ ebez o r s nr s oi a n a a b a a . h a . ) ; , thou h st (m sc ) t ou h st (fem ) ‘ ’ ’ 1 ' a na olz has s he has a r a il . , he they h ve g , pl
’ ’ ' ’ r n s a bib r z al m an mar a . n is wa n nzs w e a g , , pl or , wife , wom fl ,
’ ’ ‘
ba . a s zab a s a zbe . s a z pl . Z , friend , m ster, owner ; l , pl l A friend (fem )
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ e i b a i l et ef a b a . , re d b l , piece of re d
E xe r ci s e s .
’ ’ ‘ ‘ ( A V C I ’ ’ ” 2 ‘ ’ ' l s na z lea ! izi !!e! elw il a a bee/z? enn zs w a n . a na z et . e e a . ' ' l ’ ’ ki i el/eilefb bu n? babibz . e nza r a lab lz a b bi (of my friend).
1 T he i! of th e su ffi es o/z n it i s er s e dom r on ounced . x , v y l p 2 d ffer f r m h N m na e T he A ccu sative d oes n ot i o t e o i tiv .
I 4 COL L OQ UI A L E G YP TI A N A R A B I C GR A MM A R
f b a a a e m a The eminine su st ntives in , , , if they for their plur l
' ’ ’
a a a ! as a e . . . zb a! regul rly, t ke the termin tion g story, pl fi ay
’ ’ ’ s o? a a r a béz e ab . l a r a bes db , hour, pl . f , t le , pl ” M any other femini n e subst antives also form their plural in a ! ‘ ’
a Iza r i nza ! a . e . za r z n . g. [ u wom n , pl l dy , pl Foreign words also frequen tly form their plural in but a s a a a so b a : . . e se a a . rule insert efore the termin tion e g , p sh , pl
' ' ’
a! bu t br i ns . basaw é a e} . a aw n g , eunuch , pl g , prince, pl ' f M r . a a a E a wd a a . w ! a a . b g , gentlem n , , pl b g ( orm of ddress to urope ns) a m of a an d a an d N es rel tionships gr des of society, old new ’ - a 4! a : . a b a h b a . . orrowed words , lso t ke in the plur l e g , f t er, pl
' ’
a mmdm ba . a mnui ma u r u a l a b , th , pl n n g , newsp per, pl .
' ” l ni gur na a ! ( also ga r a l).
' ’ ’ n i anz aw i i an d I f a a Amongst words endi g in , , , g , plur l form is
‘ ‘ ’
a i a : e . . a . n ems aw e often found in iy , y g Germ n, pl gy ;
’ ‘ ’ - u l z a ba i nzi a l i . n a a r a a . g , fruit seller, pl g gj g , driver, co chm n , pl
The rules for the formation of the irregular plural c annot be
an t d b . given here , if given would only perplex he eginner The a b a t ab a has b plur l of every su st n ive in the Voc ul ries een given . b ’ ’ . l u b b mea i ne muau n A AR . U zi . VOC B L Y pl , ook ; , pl , town ;
’ ’ ’ ’ ' zenz . a nz . z bal a us a n i l { a pl égy , tent ; pl g , mount in ; b , pl . b , ' ’ 1 ’ ‘ ’ ’ . z a n i e bnz . da a z z w w b kebzr horse y , pl y ; Z , pl Z , b , rother ; , ‘’ ’ ‘
a a z zi ci a r a a wil . I nw a l bun! I gre t, l rge ; g gy , little , sm ll ; t , pl , long ; , “ w as bu n! a M un a lai n was ; , thou w st ; thou w st ; , he ;
‘ ‘ ki nd She w as bfinna M ul e} ba nie , ; , we were ; , ye were ; , they were .
' ‘ ‘ ‘ Com a r a nve b a n : bebzr a n The p is expressed y with the positive ,
a a gre ter th n .
ues !i on a a a b an A Q , especi lly direct one, is usu lly expressed y ‘ ’ ’ ' ’ ’ el blaa ba n lzene f W t . w as interrogative one only : e . g the boy here ? ’ ’ ’ Wa r d b uss b o w e an d , ehind ; g , opposite ; , (closely connected w ith the word following ; it elides its vowel before another vowel : ” e . . w i ne an d i el a f an d z g b , we); f , in ( loses its vowel fter f , is
1 ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ I n com os t on a fl a d e m br oth r a d el w él eid th o : e . . e e b s p i i é g b y , y ; b , y b roth r e . FOR M A TI ON OF TH E D UA L A N D PL UR A L 1 5
’ '
i : . l a r b w a r en e . z en e t shortened into g fi Z , in the ; figg , in he garden ;
’ ' t t a r bez e b emba r e a a a z . fi , in the t le) ; l , yesterd y
E xe r c i s e s .
' ° l ‘ ’ a na (I )bfi n !efi lmedine. Mi nna f z gen én e! eléa
‘ ’ ' ’ ' e ’ ' w a laa e a a il a a n g a . w a lbai f w (t ller) ell i i zf nalz (Whom ’ ” “ e ci i w r r i l s aw mb r e . z s a e a en elbai a a ! brim! we ) lz fl (I ) g . w fi lme
’ ' ? ' ’ ’ ' ' ' ' ' a i ne bun ba b elbé ! em ar e lz . k u s s ab b z . w e n enzs a q l u (he is) w z .
’ ’ “ ’ " ' ’ { ne r n bila b e! a e a e el b ri n i be! elbasa . i fi (we e) ms w gy . f b n! elli a
' ' ' " “ ' w aga bbne! figgen ene be!a o! eln uga liy e M m! fi lbéfl obi?
’ ‘ " ' ‘ ' c ’ ’ ' lbi n! ba n embdr e z i be! bé! elba i a kebir a n bé! el i f agci . ’ ' ” ” i n lm r a ba n e b i n b ! e ef ! en P r d lbe! at . f fi (in the house , home)
’ ’ a h a a a n e Eu . The g tes of the town . We were in t e p sh s g rdens (g )
‘ ’ The b oy an d (w e) the brother o f the tall m an (er r ag z l e!!a w il ) were
’
r . r in Cairo (f i nza s ) I (a n a ) am a Germa n . The gentlemen a e ’ ’ e ? a a Fr nch . Were you in the eunuch s house Behind the p sh s ’ ’
a . f f M r . are b g rden In ront o . Ahmed s house Where the oy s b r ooks ? They a e (burn) behind the wardrobe . The garden is and a a opposite the house . The prince the p sh The
- and a - a fruit sellers the c b drivers of C iro .
L ES SON I V — T H E AD JECT I VE A GR E E M E N T OF T H E AD JE CT I VE
WI T H T H E B T I VE S U S A N T .
The F emi n ine of most adjectives is formed by the a ddi tion of e ’ beber e or a . k i r a a . a : e . eb to the m sculine form g , gre t , l rge , fem ; ‘ ‘’ k r b zlwaz is . i zew a s e. j , pretty, nice, fem iy Adjectives denoting colours , or b b a a odily defects , form their feminine y intern l ch nges of the
’ ’ ’ ’ ' a b a l . bé z a : . . a znza r . uz nzr a a conson nts e g l , red , fem Z ; y g, white , fem g ;
" ‘ ’ a 7na b a m a , lind , fem . y .
1 I n A rab c a s i n m an other an ua es th e ers on a ron ouns I thou i , y l g g , p l p , , he & c m t f n m u t a r ther fr om . . a be ef o u t i o a b se s e , , y l , ig i y i 1 6 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M MA R
A du al is not formed in the case of adjectives . Substantives in the dual take a plural adjective .
M a h P l ur a l in ost djectives form t e in , which ending serves for both m asculine an d feminine . — NOTE The adjectives mentioned above also form an irregul ar
b : . . u mr a a s a a a e . plur l , lso do num er of other djectives g b , pl of ’ ’ k k ’ ' ‘ bi r . f u wdl a z l . a zma r bi . a a u ebi r . w l ; a, pl of by a ; , pl of ; , pl of j
a a a f b a and t a The djective lw ys ollows its su st ntive , in he c se where the substantive has the definite article it takes the article
'‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ l . bo w a l a a a ib elw blaa : . a b o too e g good y, f iy ; the good y,
— N O TE I f a pronominal suffi x is a ttached to a sub stantive the a at n b an d a t be l tter o ce ecomes definite, the r icle must used with ”
a : . a e b m a . be!o/z l ebir its qu lifying djective e g his l rge house, ; y
’ ’ ' a b o w élaa z sm ll y, The following points should be noted in the agreement of sub s tan tives an d a djectives in number an d gender :
1 . a a a a a In the singul r, djectives lw ys gree in gender with their ’ ’ ’ : be! kebi r a l o b a . . a e m r a su st ntives e g , l rge house ‘ ’ ' ’ é a a i al a n so a b a . zsw the good wom n ; , l ck eye (fem of ,
black). b a a . 2 . For the du l see ove t a a n 3 . In he plur l the form of the djective depends o whether
a a the plur l is regul r or irregula r . The regul ar plural is always followed by the plural of the a dj ec
‘ ‘ '
. us li nza n M bai wcf! : . m a uz a m tive e g pious oslems ; , a a powerful p sh s ; pretty stories .
a a a has a The irregul r plur l , if denoting persons , lso the djective ’ ’ a : ma i d z z zi a lci ab r z ci l u nvei l in the plur l Z f a , honour le sheikhs g ( ,
a . a a a m a b e t ll men If the plur l is not person l , the djective y either ‘ ’ a a : zi n s oda or s zZa b ac in the feminine singul r or in the plur l iy , l k
’ ‘ ‘ lal ma l an in mal a ne fi - u a b . eyes g y or y , lled w ter ottles ’ The adjective used as a pr ea i ea l e ag rees with its substantive both b an d a a in num er gender ; however, irregul r plur ls even in this
‘ ’ a m a a a ad er r a il a ib c se y t ke the feminine singul r of the jective g f iy ,
’ ’ ’ ’ t m an el rna r a a z z be a e a e he is good ; f y , the wom n is good ; gg ry TH E A Dj E CTI VE I 7
‘ ’ mu /abide a - er r i a l f a /i bi n or f a z be g , the sl ve girl is industrious ; g g iv , are the men good .
The following are some of the most employed a djectives
PLURAL .
bubci r
t u wdl
gust?! ’ s ugar or s uga zj /a r i n f a zj i i bi n
’ mali}!
’ abm a r lui nz r a na mr
é s nza r s ci mr a s u mr
’ ’ ' ’ ’ a baa r baar d éu ar
’ ’ ’ r a a ur a z q z r ga z q.
’ ’ ’ ’ ' — bu ? eu ba A U AR enbz2 enbz . en nz VOC B L Y . , fem . , pl , who , which ,
’ ’ bi b a a z xi b r . en . en zf m ? a fe n , pl , who, which (st nding lone); ! j , ’ b a ! a ! nz i n a l a be s o . good llright f a , good , ple se
x r c i s s E e e .
‘ ’ ‘ ' ’ i bms ke i r e aw i er r a il - a a es s ma z ér a. e i b a (sky) g g (very). g ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ' ’ ' ’ l enbu w alaa ka n bene w alaa (this m an ) fa w i benr (very). (here)
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ‘ b i a d! a ibi n el a dw a ! es u a a r ze ma r a a zbe. a w . s g gy . s (she) f iy ! iy g ” ' ' ’ ’ e ibal dol bw a z se do! (these) bum (they are) r igcil !uw a . gg iy (or
' ’ ‘ ’ ' i n h s un z a r a z ur . m bw d gy zs zn beautiful). l ob (he a ) b g (or g) ’ ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ' a i ib r ulz a b ba ! a s a be. ez z a br e a i nzr a. e f a al g (this flower) fi f iy ,
’ ” 1 ‘ ’ ’ ’ ‘ - f e lz r e a i l zluz has r i a a zbe. (go) be! elbci i a . z z a (it ) le (smell) f gj ' ’ ” ‘ ’ s zif l e (I saw) r agilen {u wdl f i be! ellza w aga wéba z dnn (an d I think) ’ ’ ’ / lzr e es sa r a i e u lzzl r . z a bu rn lza r anzz e . zar a nz . z z j (pl of Z , thief) (pl of ) f
f ar are . These lowers e beautiful . The gentlemen good Which
1 ’ to b e ft ou here c an le t . 1 8 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
1 h i r girl was ere ? She is a good g rl . The thieves a e in the prison ’ ar We were in the eunuch s garden . These girls e ’ ’ b are bi M r i . a a . b pretty The p sh s oys g . Ali s house is very g ;
l z it (s w a ) is in the town . These flowers h ave ( zi l um) a good ’
. a are w of smell The girl s two little h nds pretty . The flo ers this
’ n (I ! ar and b garden (eggené e ) e red lue .
L ON V ESS .
— COM PA R I S ON OF AD JE CT I VES PER S O N A L A N D OS E I VE R ON O P S S S P UN S .
' ‘ For the Compa r a noe of an a djective the form af a l is employed
w n . . an a b a d i e is prefixed to the positive, the vowel et een the first
a a and an a b second r dic ls is dropped , is introduced etween the second an d third radicals (w as a first radical changes into u and
a u forms the diphthong ) : e . g .
’ a bebi r a a bba r gre t, gre ter,
’ ’ a s il a i a r a d a r sm ll , g y sm ller, sg
‘’ ’ ’ Rzew a is a bw a s pretty, iy prettier,
a r a i a dr a s che p , é s che per, é
' ' ’ a cfl z a a lé de r, g de rer, g
‘’ ’ ' w ibzls a u a s ugly, uglier, b a s a a of a /2b sa n the comp r tive f y , good, d is used (from the old form ‘ a a ha a n a b mi n After the comp r tive t n is tr sl ted y ; it is , however , more common to express compa rison by the use of the positive
‘ ' ' '‘ ‘ ’ with a n : for example elbcflb cisg a r mi n el/eu sci n or elbcz lb s zlga zj l ar ‘ ' a n el z us an a a . Z , the dog is sm ller th n the horse In the c ase of adjectives which h ave more than three radicals
’ ’ ‘ akl a r o r z zy a de (more) is a dded to the positive to express the comparative .
a a b fi a If the comp r tive is preceded y the de nite rticle, or is
1 ‘ ’ We sh all n ot i n futu re pu t the present t ense of the verb to be i n brac t s t s to om tt d i trans t on ke ; i i be i e n l a i . PE R S ONA L P R ON OUN S 19
’ b a a sufli x b S u er l a h ve : followed y genitive or , it ecomes p e . g .
' ' ’ ’ ’ b wa el a bba r a bzi w a a bba r l1u 7n u , he is the gre test ; , he is the ’ ’ ' gre atest of them ; bdw a a bba r r igal he is the gre atest
of the men of the country . The P er s ona l P r on ou ns are (the forms in brackets a re rarer
’ ’ ’ a n a I i ua z ne b zne , b ( b , l ), we
i nl e a . i n tie i nl u nz thou (m sc ) ), you
’ ' enfi thou (fem .) ' lz w a burn bzi nza u , he ( ), they .
/e S s , he
The following S ufi xes are made us e of to express possession (instead of possessive pronouns) :
’ ’
5 a a el . , my, fter vowels y , y
a b a k. , thy, fter vowels
’
z é a bi bi . , thy fter vowels , 1 o u 012 u b his a v lz . , , , , , fter els
‘ lza , her .
n a né oun , ,
bu m ea . , , your
lz u nz . , their
Points to notice about these suffi xes
a ffi a b I . Th t these su xes influence the ccent when they egin with
’ ’ r s i a a r i bu a a : . . za a t conson nt e g [ g , tone ; [ g , my stone ;
’ ‘ ' ‘ ’ za é r lzd a a r kurn na u n a u ndb una lz [ g fi g ; g u , song ; g ay g g
lz a!a l i2 bu t a l a l zl . the g , they killed ; g , they killed him Since
12 ffi a a a s of the su x is mute in this c se , the ccent lone decide
the mea ni n g .
2 a a a . Th t in the ca se of word ending in two conson nts a vowel must b e placed before the suffi x (if this la tter begin with a consonant) for the sake o f euphony : this vowel receives a a the ccent , which frequently converts it into long vowel
’ ’ ’ f i u l z na u kunz . b u l z a f l . b zi e g work , usiness ; g g g ; 2 i ze l um g s .
1 m s w The I: o f both th ese su ffi xes i s a l o t a l a ys m u te . 1 Thu s i or a b fore 12d i befo re 125 and u befo re bu rn or bu rn . ( ) e , , c 2 2 0 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M MA R
f can a be a . These su fixes lso ppended to prepositions : e g .
' u dddmob b w ar alz unz with me ; with her ; g , efore him ; ,
b !a b!zi kunz b . ehind them ; , elow you — A U AR . ib i e are il a : . . i/z mo e VOC B L Y f , f , ther is , there ( y ) e g f iy ’ ' 1 7 ’ ’ l - f i lbu bbaye a i : Is there any water in this glass ? (1 a il a e l ea u ' ' “ ’ ’ a a ns ee nuf ilzs mei i s an il n a a s f , j , there is not y ( y p ) ;
a b ffi a bd . a a lz (compounded with the su xes ), pl f ther ; ’ ” s fli e a d z wa u xs . z n b u t . (compounded with the b ), pl Z , rother ; b , pl
' ” a a w a m an na s m an a b Asister ; , pl . , , m nkind, people ’ ’ ' ’ ’ f ’ nz s a . ei a i a o . ci nz da é pl . ay , h nd ; y , pl iy , y ; f , gfi , pl lip ;
' ’ ’ ” r is a n eina a na a! s i n i n a m a a . n w n isw e a s . s w , pl or , ye r ; , pl , , wom n ; ' “ ’ d lz i da d . a ba r i r na br . a n a r a . b sea b , pl b , , the Nile ; , pl , river ; , , fem , ’ ’ a l b a . . o a a a : . pl , this , these (pl ced fter the su st ntive with the rticle e g
’ ‘ ’ ' enna/zr na el a ol a b , this river ; , these h nds ; it often com ines
b a a with the su st ntive to form one tonic group , in which the origin l ’ z l i - a a : . elmi r a a e m r a a a i ccent is ch nged e g . fi , the mirror ; y , this
‘ n " mirror); now ; f e . where ? (mostly placed at
f n end o se tence).
E xe r ci s e s .
” ’ 1 ’ ’ a a w a !bu m u R er r d il - aa a l mi n a zu/a enna br - a a b fl g é l w gj .
’ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ n a i lbalaa a a z a sga r min e nil (the Nile). f272 g nz (mosque) fi
‘ ' ‘ ’ ’ ” ” ' ’ w iflb alz a na a b a a wé a ? l a lz w a mus bel w a y é g (no), u (not) ‘ ’ J ’ ' ’ a n a mi n (of) ga bile (tribe) i nte r a a bini bz a n a (this
’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ” ' ‘ ff R k n " m b . a o mu zZaba i nl e aa ki!abolz lzzi w a . a ui lz e . is y ook) , g f ' ' ’ ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ' ’ n f a buR n il é i n ci s lbe! el i zraya fi n . / é P buw a a w cfg! f ll f i
' ‘ ’ ” ' ’ ‘ ’ ’
ar e l it w a fs . ennd/zr w a r d elbblaa a . ail wa ! , f (pl ce , town) g ’
enna lzr ma r ti na.
Of what tribe is this m an ? M y book (is lying) before you on ‘ the table contracted for a l a This river is the l argest of the rivers of this country Tha t is y ou r
’ ‘ ’ b k n . . ou el a i !e a b f (sing ) dog ( b ). The mount in is e ore us Is there a river Opposite us ? i lz na lzr My brother w as in the
a a a . a ? l rgest g rden of the town yesterd y , Where is his f ther He
1 ’ a bm) w ith t h e su ffi xes : a bfly a ; a bfi b ; a éfl /e ; a bzZ/z d ; a éd n ti ; a bflbu m ;
' a flb u m S m r a b d a fl a a bflk a bfi b . a b & c . é i il ly ( ) ; y ,
2 2 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A MMA R
’ ' ’ a a zZR/za a i d Th t, those is fem . ’ kb ’ mm a a . pl . u a
’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ do (12 a iblui (107 & c . b a are If , , , , , precede the su st ntive , is or
" ’ ' ' ’
b e : . . er r a i l a a m an er r é il a iblza a must supplied e g g , this ; g , th t
’ ‘ ' ' m an but a a r a i l a m an do er r a il m an ; g , this is ; g , this is the ; ’ ’ ’ a zkba lbi n! a & c . , th t is the girl (who ,
’ ’ ’ r a /z nz she r a bo . a lzz . o a e ! l e l a , fe n , pl , there he is, is , they ( , , ’ ’ l es voil ci ci a z ! b n a sufli xes ) , look there com ines with the pro omin l
‘ ’ a : aa i ni see I am ou in the following m nner , , here ; there y & a re ; c .
' I n ter r o a noe P r onou ns are min ? (i (i i a ? mi n and g , who or , wh t ( ’ a at of e a Aare very often pl ced the end the sentence) : e. g . lba w ga ’ ‘ ' ' ” a i mi n ? who is this ge ntleman ? a uz mi nnz e ? What do you wa nt from me ?
’ ’ ’ ’ ‘ b a a e lli or min : . e ll i or min Ra n He who (su st ntiv l) is e g. ( )
’ li ene w as . , he who here °
E a b ll e mi n : . one a a ch , every, u e . g every who w nts nything from ' o ‘ ' ' i n M ll z mi n ei u z . i mi n z . me ,
’ ’ '
h a e lli a I a ou e ll z ba l l a b. T e one th t, wh t w nt to tell y , n
’ " ’ ’ ‘
a a z . . l ! a sa ba b lea n a Whoever , wh tever is j e g y , wh tever the
’ ' m a be uz a Ra n at m a b a e . re son y ay { g , wh ever it y a The reflexive pronoun is tre ted under the verb.
fi are f The inde nite pronouns given in the course o the lessons .
’
A U AR . . a . bilad VOC B L Y pl w res , goods ; pl ,
’
a .fe . t n; a m an a vill ge ; b pl a g he d of the vill ge ,
’ ’ ' ’ ' ’ l zai n a a r s l m e a S w a a a ba a s a e . heikh , p rents ; f , sof ; , l mp ; gg , pl ’ ‘ ’ s e o i a c a b w o ab w a r d g g , rpet ; under, elo ; f g, upper , ove ; , b n bull S a ac h bu ll h a a n d ehi d ; (with ingul r), e , every ; (wit plur l 1 ’ 1 1 a all r d ! a a a l s a r rticle), , every ; ] , he went ; b , he entered ; fi , he
a e of = 7n in u a and i ni e bs a tr v lled ; he died ( ) gy, fe r ; , , ‘ bi n I ab h s a . , live (or inh it), t ou livest , he lives
‘ l i e ebfl n l a /e ebfl n 1012 I Sha ha tho u t ha e E l i Rei n b ! e & c . . . e é y , y , y , ll v , wil v , g y
’ ’ ’ ’ bei aa a i I h a ho us i n th s a l d a e ce . fi , i pl 1 T o i n nto m a be om tted a fter erbs of m ot on , , i y i v i . I N TE R R OGA TI VE PR ON OUN S 2 3
x r c i s E e e s .
’ ’ ’ ‘ ' l - esse ei a e l a z! el a r i . bot ! a ell nzba a t t a r a a béz e. gg Z f (pl ce , put) ” ’ ’ ' ’ ” ’ ‘ na s eibi n lbe! dd elba ci i a o! mi n i n ? d R n ii w é fi . a f m fi l (I as not) ’ ' ' ” " ’ ‘ ’ f ’ ' ’ lbe! ll l cf a i b w a s aRi n lbe! baa ei sé z lb ! e é . s i i e alaa nu? mi n fi u fi Z . z ' ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ' ‘ ’ ’ 5 i n bzi wa e ll e bé n lzene f bull 5 zo m er r z é l a n d e i e z . a?! 67: [ f , g fs l 3
' ‘ ‘ ” ' ’ f ‘ 1 ’ ' ’ cl n a li a ena b 23n a a bal cf a . w l d l be! lba a a el s r ma s r . / é e s . 1 ffi
‘ ’ ' ' ’ ' ’ ci ba e a z z e el d er r cigil elli s fi r em r iz l fy . ba wdg ! a ol min a bo mar ’ ’ ’ ’ ” ’ bri n e? n f l ba ba / a bonz . f e emel i e a ai ni (here I am ) r zgz !
i n s a a (I have returned) m f r i (my journey).
E a m an S ch entered the house of the village heikh . Put (bot!)
a a . are and the c rpet under the sof These goods from here , those
’ ar a b set e from Cairo . Yesterd y my rother off (for) Syria (bilda ‘ eff a nz ). Where are my p arents ? Is this m an your village Sheikh ?
f . I n He died o fright Where do you live ? live i that house . a a Where is the house of the he d of the vill ge ? It is Opposite us . ’ a ? He went to the merch nt s house . Did he enter the house He L m b . ! a a lives in my house ook , there he is he c e ck from his journey yesterday (he came ba ck
L N V I I ES SO .
’ — — T H E REL AT I VE PR ON OUN elli N UM E R AL S FR OM 1 10 .
' ’ '
R el a nue P r onoun el l z . The most frequently used is , who , which
be a a a b a Distinction must m de in rel tive cl uses if the su st ntive , to
a fi b a which the rel tive refers, is definite or Inde nite . If the su st ntive
' ’ ’ a l Ra n bene fi a : . . r i is inde nite the rel tive is simply left out e g g , , a m an was b a e who here . If, however, the su st ntive is definit (so m a b a a s ufli x or i ti a de y the rticle , pronomin l gen ve) the rel tive
’ ’
a b ell z : e . bo w as a cl use is introduced y g. the y who in my g rden ,
' ' ’ ' ’ el li ban f i genen en the merc h ant s house which is opposite
” ” ’ ’ ’ ' ' our be! e!!a i r e l li u s s ef a elbe! bel d na . o f house , g g (For this method expressing possession see Lesson II an d below . ) a a If the rel tive pronoun is not the nomin tive , or is governed b a b a e b a ffi y preposition , the o lique c s is rendered y su x which 2 COL L O UI A L E YPTI A N A R A B I C R A MM A R 4. Q G G
is appended to the verb or to the preposition e . g. the house
' ’ has elbé! ell i a of I a which he seen , country which h ve
’ ‘ ’ " ‘ a bbld a ana s imz ! é nnolz I saw el za kim he rd , the doctor whom , l
‘ ’ ' ’ ’ ‘ ell i i n /ob a a el a mr el l z ka llzmna f ; the m tter of which we h ve spoken, f ib to speak about something). The possessive pronouns can a lso be expressed by the genitival
a b and ffi : . . p rticle elonging to), the corresponding su x e g
" ' ’ ' ’ ‘ ’ ‘ elbe! betd i elwblaa beid a k bo elmé r a be/d el olz , my house ; , your y ; ,
' ‘ elb u! buhi n é our ; el eme e . his wife ; iy , — houses b their t nt The N umer a ls from 1 1 0 run a s follows
’ ’
I I w d i a . w é/za a , b , fem
" ' 2 r e!nen il nén , ,
r 3 ,
’ ‘ ‘ ’ P a r ba a r ba a a r b z! 4 , 2 , , a l
’ ’ o za ma s lza ms a ka m 5, { bs ! 6 , 1
‘ ‘ ’ ‘ v s a b s ab a s a b a ! 7, , ,
’ 8 A !éma n ! n! , , a ma
‘ ‘ ‘t l i s a l is a ! 9 , , “’ 1 0 a i a r a , ,
0 )
’ ’ w a aa a a s a a b lso serves the indefinite rticle , in which c se it is pl aced before the substantive ; placed after the substantive it ' ’ ' ' ' ' a a one : a i a r i il but a il a ia . . w e a m an r m iz me ns the numer l e g b g , , g ,
on e m an .
h a a see L a For t e form tion of the du l esson III . After the numer ls
2 —1 0 b a from the su st ntive is in the plural .
a re a b f a The forms used indiscrimin tely ; e ore vowel , however,
n a i !! e a a a : . . s e ni sw form endi g in conson nt is usu lly employed e g ,
’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ !a m a n! a r z e a b a el nen w il a a six women ; g f , eight lo ves of re d ; b (better two oys .
1 T h e A ccu s a tive of the pers on a l pr on ouns i s the s a m e a s th e su flfixes given h n i n L s on V th t e s e e t on o f th I rs s n . o f h h h e s e c e st e . c t e , wi i gl x p i p i g , w i
‘ '
. z h n d a a n u a u s a t e i s n i e . a r d n e has ou m b h h s s ee o T cc e ded e i e . o iv g g l , w ; f , y l ay Speci a l st res s on t h e ac cu sa tive th e f ull form of the pers onal pron oun m a y be
’ ’ ’
dd a r d z n z dn sd ab en t . a ed : e . g. g l a ; f e N UM E R A L S 2 5
' ' ’ V — i n b ibb R . ar . r a R ocABUL AR v s e . s z a g , pl g , neigh our ; , pl , street ;
’ ' ' a a Ed i r e a ar a n d a r at s . . i a b g , pl g , g , tree ; , pl cup , go let ;
' ' ' ’ ’ n /z e ff m e / an . ena i n d w o a md e lzz lw e fi g , pl j g , cup ; g , co ee ; iy , w ter ; g ,
' ' f b a bubba e . ubb a a b s abi b a sweet w ter ; j , pl ay A gl ss , tum ler ; , he ecom
’ an ied ei r a z i ii no a ba !a b p ; g l , he wounded ; / , we h ve seen ; , he
’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ i i !a r a b z zl a z a r s fi a a r el am e a wrote ; , he ought ; g y ( g gy ) g , sm ll in
‘ ‘ a l a r e al a bis olz at hi s l eibin st ture ; fi fi , in the street ; , expense ; ,
‘ w ela ki n but , , however .
x i E er c s e s .
' ' ' ’ ' ' ’ ii !a r a a l a Ris a/z elbi !ci b ell i gabo/z (ga z he brought) liggé r (to ' ’ ’ M ! Z! n ci n a lzw e a o or Ru bb e! the neighbour). (give me) fi g g ( ) ay
’ ‘ ‘ ' ’ ’ ' ‘ ’ ‘’ m z / l n ban z? e! ell i ob E 7: a o e elw bl ez cl w a bz ! lb .sfi j . fi fl ( u/ you h ve ' ' ‘ ' ' ‘ a i me lalczn a l ’ob emb r e z . lz w a z zl ei a r el e seen) l u g iy g , g (his mind ,
' ’ ” ‘ " ’ ’ l a ib befi r s d zibn i bull ellel a i n l e s aw r a i l a a za l intel ect) f iy . l . f (I ) g l
' ’ ' ’ ' ' be! a r n i zr i na in ébw e w e!ele!!a bu bb é ! g a. b (he drank) f e g g ay
' ‘ ’ ‘ li ” mo e b e e 2 r l ui r cz a . e iy . f i w r ( o 3 trees)fi l f ’ ' ” ’ ' ' ’ 2 e é u li a r s a r a z wa zi a (my room)f s gg da k l f . g Z Z
' ’ ' ‘ ’ “ ’ ell z u ss ad e ne! n dn n élzw e 5:2 In? li e . g ggbbal . ! (give us) fi g g a ’ ’ emba r ei! en ei i u g n b l zi o/z .
a a a a a S Give me gl ss of w ter . We h ve seen our vill ge heikh ’ ’ ’ - - n a a balaa ff a lzwe . ppended to ) in the co ee house (g , pl
are a . There five streets in this vill ge Six women . Ten cups of f . a b co fee Five gl sses of water . Three rothers . He wrote the
‘ ’ ’ letter (ga w a b) which you h ave rea d (ell z I S there (f ilz ) sweet wa ter in this lake I h ave seen how he ’ I was b b ut w as wrote the letter . in my neigh our s house , he in the
’ ha a a mosque . He s hurt (g r a b) both his h nds Give these cups He has kept me comp any the whole day (all d ay long i t?! ’ enna lzar I z / . ). h ave (lj e) two sofa s in my room Where is the
- l andlord of the coff ee house ? He is in the garden . 2 6 COL L OQ UI A L E G YP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
L N V I ESS O I I .
N M E RA L S FR OM 1 1 PWA R D S U U .
The N u mer a ls from I I upw a rds are
’ ’ ‘ ‘ I r Iza a a a i a r r u b i miy a ’ e!nci fa r z ums em /a I 2 . { fi I 3 !el a !ei§a r
‘ ’ I 4 s ub bmiy a ° I 5 {za ma s fi f a r !u mnemiy a I 6 I 7 a lj i elf (p1 afar ) ’ I 8 l ema ni a i a r
I 9
‘ ' ’ 2 0 esr i n a r ba lzi a laff
’ ‘ ’ 2 I w ci lz i a w e ei r i n {za m a s i alcif
‘ 30 !el a!i n
‘ ‘ 40 a r ba i n s a b a !c?laff ” 50 {i a ms i n !ema n!ci laf
6 0
' ‘ ’ 70 s a b i n a i a r !d lcif
' ’ ’ ’ 80 fa ma ni n lza a aeil a r elf
' ’ ' 90 !i s i n zi na i a r elf
I o o m a mi! mi! e iy , lf
’
2 0 0 mi!i n mi ou mi zi n . ly , ly ° 30 0 !ul!emiy a (!u l! mi!)
The numerals compounded of tens an d units are formed by prefixing the units to the tens and uniting them by the conjun ction ' " ' ' ’ ba a w e ei r i n 2 émse we!eld!in e!ni n w a an d : . . a r ( ) e g , 4 ; b , 35 ; ’ ' ’ ’ ' e a r ba in e s u !!em a !elei !a w e a r ba i n w fi iy , From I I upwards the n umerals h ave the Singula r of the sub ’ ’ stan tive a za a aci f a r e and al a fter them thus [ lf not af . An djective
a a b a a a a which qu lifies su st ntive following plur l numer l must , i’ a a be h a . . e r i n na s however , lw ys in t e plur l e g twenty poor men , /
f i r zi ar ei . o a . f o (pl f g , poor) N UM ER A L S FR OM EL E VEN UPWA R D S 2 7
’ ’’
A AR . a a w ci r t ll U . s cz i m s a lci li m VOC B L Y pl , s ory , floor ; , pl . , ’ ’ ta u w a a bw . a b e a s a t z steps , s irs ; pl . a, room ; g , pl g iy , cell r ; l ,
‘ ’ ’ ‘ b a a o a a n s u zi z be i a . zi pl . f l , roof ; , pl , dist nt (from ) upper ;
” ' ’ ’ ta e/ti n t ba r r ci n z uwa n z lzna s a bn i n l , lower ; , outer ; g , inner ; i , we
' ’ I & c an be l a z m ni a /z ab a r zi z c . z r z a sci r inh it ; l , go (to , , omitted) i , fi ,
a i f i r i I a a a bu a mb b a bl , must go , go w y (tr vel), y ; g , eside ; g ,
‘ b za r i a w us i efore (time) ; [ g, outside , extern l ; !, in the middle (f
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ w us mi n a n a ae elzez : . . ci mi n a na a zzi lz a !) , from ( ) e g g { , he c me ’ ’ b il vena i! a e e/zez s on r ér e bfibr a - from his rother s ( f ) , to morrow ;
’ ’ - - r a bear i a . bs , to morrow morning (e rly to morrow)
x r i s e s E e c .
’ ’ ’ ” ’ ’ ” ’ ” ’ el a n z a ila a na e!na sa r r ci i l ilzna s a kn in fi a a or f og w ay w . g
' ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ' ‘ ’ i ei /z imnz a z z a d m n a n a r o . ldz fi l oa a a i . { iy g i g (I require)
’ ” ’ ’ ' ’ ’ a r e z laz ga mb (beside) oaa elba w aga e ll z gci emb l . imni ” ’ " ’ ’ ’ ” ’ ’ [012 o a a a or bé br a bba r i a sei r a i i i r i elbe! da . a fi fi ' ’ ’ ’ ’ ill e!nei i n /e n el i s kenaer /e a a . a r r ci il a . of a i é (Alex ndri ) f g g gj (pl g , ’ ’ ’ ” "
b r dine a i . a ci s ellim ess a z e om l o/z a r ba a rich) e!i fi lme l l . ly ' ’ ”‘ ° ‘ ’ ’ 1 ‘ ” e n a a zzi a alae ei be!i l i a Rzi n1 a mzi ! !elei !a s a !. o/z w e e r in s a . gy
’ ’ ’ ° ’ ‘ ’ a a e!ni n w e a r bei i n el za ms a a r ba b! a w r . f {
’ o ‘ ° " ‘ em a i n ibu a s a bni n i s i/!a w e s a b i n efl !ul! iya r ba a w !a ma ni . f
w us !
2 . 6 I 2 . 2 . . 8 7 36 5 1 . 5 . 5
o ‘ I bi fi l zbefi must go home ( or , to my house). He lives outside
lei z i m !es ci r i n ? I the town . Where must you go to ( fi f ) must go ’ a to Constantinople He ca me from his f ther s . He lives
m n in the lower story of my hous e . Who is this a ? This is a very rich m an ; he own s (l o/z ) three houses in the middle of the n w as a f r a a S tow . She in the cell r o sp ce of ix hours (see Note I
M ha t bi w b . s a a elow) y house cell r , two stories wi h ( ) t elve
‘ n - rooms a d a ga rden . T o morrow morning I must go to my ’
b . b fin e . neigh our s . Twelve horses Twenty lue flowers Fifteen
'
a !a wil . f uw a l a t ll ( , pl ) l ds
1 ’ ’ m u a de! m ean in g a s pac e of tim e i s often em ployed i n s uch e xpress ions ’ r f r h s a f r r he e o t e p ce o th ee hou s. 2 8 COL L OQ UI A L E GYPTI A N A R A B I C GR A MMA R
L N ESSO IX . — O R D I N A L N UM ER AL S FR A CT I ON S . — The Or ali na l N umer a ls from I st r oth are
’ ‘ l n i n I st é uw a l . a uwa ld . a uwa a , fem pl iy
’ '
a a uw a lanz . a uw aldn e ( lso , fem iy )
' i n e z u d !ci nz . !e , fem y 3rd
‘ r ei b a 4th r eibz fem .
th ei mi s fem . zei msa 5 b , { ’ i as a 6 th s eidzs . s e , fem
’ ‘
th s ci bz . s cib a 7 , fem
8 n !ci mna !ci mi . th , fem
‘ ‘
th !ei s z . !ci s a o , fem m I o th fe .
For the remaining ordinal numerals on e employs the ca rdinal
a fi a : . . numer ls with the de nite rticle e g the twentieth regiment, ‘ ' ' el al e i a iy el e r i n . From twentieth upwards the compound ordin ls are formed of the unit ordinal combined with the higher cardinal
a - h ean” - : . . w numer l e g the twenty t ird , ; the forty seventh , ‘ ’ ' e i sscibz w a r ba in .
_1_ 2
_1_ 3 1 t I r u b bu ms 1 “" s u ds 6 1 t 7 s ub 1 !umn 3 1 t g‘ ‘ [115 1 e V — as r 1 0 Z 3
denominator of a fraction is greater than recourse must
30 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
' ‘ ’ ’ ° r ub mi n lm l a d ci na R n!e i i e a b g (sum of money) a . d f bi ! ba bib
’ ’ ° ”‘ ‘ ’
mzi a ae! nuss e s a . s ci a w i nus s an an d a al es sei a ( hour h f). ’ ° ’ ’ w a za e w en us s - n u f ek b n ci b . i (half past o e o clock). ! zi n bzi r a a d a /z b b u m ” ' ’ ’ l ei a a w a a n ebzi n lmea ine (no)y b g fi .
’ Where were you ? We were in the p asha s garde n s for the
S a a nd a a be - p ce of two h lf hours . And where will you to morrow ?
a ma s r a . at a . In C iro ( ), ple se God i % g Fifteen time
at a a . a Ten time . They entered the g rden four by four How m ny children have you ? (Translate : How m any [Ri m] child l a b
a h b and . E m an I h ve four c ildren, two oys two girls very fourth
wa E a died . I s in gypt for (a sp ce of) two ye ars . They went out
a i n el i t are of the house one fter the other m b ). Where my
‘ children ? Two of them are I n your room (e!nen mi n/zum
L ESSO N X .
E V COM E I T H E E RFECT T H E RB get ( ) N P .
” ” ei e! a . e!i a a g I c me ; fem g , thou c mest g , he c me ;
'
ri! she a i na a inz a um a e . g , c me g , we c me ; g , ye c me ; g , they c m
’ ‘ ‘
- A U AR . a i wa né a m nd a m ? a VOC B L Y , yes ; , yes ; (interrog tive), ” be a a sa ? en a a m ta of ! I g your p rdon (wh t did you y) , cer inly, course ” ’ ’ la u mma l ma lzi m a a l ei bu aa u n avoid , no ; , indeed ; , n tur lly ; , it is
ab sa all a a an d le , neces ry, must (like uxili ries of mood their circum ' it has af a r ulz !er ii b locutions the present ter it); , I go ; , thou goest ; ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ bi a a z bi a a a b bi a a ob wishest mzi mbin , , , I wish , thou , he wishes ; ,
b i r mzi mbi n m b . possi le ; g , i possi le
E xe r ci s e s .
’ ” ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ a ez er r a il elli embei r e z . ge! mi n a na a buy a . g l ‘ ° ' ’ ’ l zZzne s a knin fi lbi ! el li gu s s ei cl a bub n iZz f i n P n i b a n a e 1 ’ ” ‘' - lui! l i elbi!a b beni z . lai wa ba bibob bil a i a Rk (without doubt). ” o ‘ ’ ’ ’ l ’ um f og ea a u la bf i l ei bua a e !er zi /z a n a el/za bim (doctor). g
1 c ‘ The ins er tion o f a n a’ I s n ecessa ry here ; withou t it the senten ce would m ean a r th t hi s f iend w ent . TH E VER B 3 r
” ” ’ ’ embdr e brim} i ma s r . ei w éil a a ! na a m a za w ci a r l ci z im b, f y , y { g
' ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ' b n é f z l ns ul . u l lmea i ne !er zi a n a e zi . a z w a d s ia z ! Z g (consul) fi , y (Sir ° ” ’ M an na bun!e i s a d ma r . if !a r e! b t s e ci a e to oh mmed s), ( ) f (I ough ) gg ‘ ’ ci i ci i m ebzi n elw ei i a a l a i n (for) a bzy a . l z y b (in this w ay the im ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ” a a a personal one can be rendered) n i az (ple sed). bz a b e ? ’ ’ ” a r zi z el i s Ren a er i e l dz imn i a bzi n lzenci b bzibr a . ba m a l y , (sever l) ' i n n l fsa i a nn bu m a n i n i l i e i e! e bei w b z zi mi e. g f g , (I think) b y
It is not possible tha t you go there Where are your
b ? are a ou e a r rothers They in C iro . Did y come here yest rd y o
- da ? a z a . ! bo ! i nl e to y I c me from Sue yesterd y You y ( , ” a w as ? w a s she a y who here Your sister here , Sir , w nts
a a a a h w a = !esei r - w to go w y (tr nsl te : s e goes a y fi ) to morro . was Tha t is impossible ; S he must stay here . I with your ‘ ’ a n na d a a brother yesterd y a d I came from him (mi n ei olz ) to y . H ve
' a a O ! I w a s you seen Alex ndri (yet) f course , Sir there for four
a a a olt! a ye rs . The c rpet is under the sof . Put (b ) the l mp upon 1 1 ab U the t le or pon the cupboard . Put your
a i b . b a and h nd into your pocket (g ) Give me my ooks, my l mp ,
my carpet .
L N ! I ESSO .
T H E VE R B —I N T R O D UCT OR Y — T H E T R I L I T E R A L VE R B (PERFECT )
The following points are to be noticed in the form ation of Arabic verb s
b has !br ee r a (i) If the ver (triliteral) o more root conson nts . a w or a n f (ii) If y is o e o the consonants .
n i (iii) If the second a d third r a d ca l s a r e !li e s a me.
' From the Simple Form of the verb several D er i va noe F or ms are constructed (ten in modern Arabic a n d fourteen in the cl a ssic al
a a a of a a a l ngu ge), e ch which c uses some modific tion in the origin l
a . b all a me ning No ver , however, forms these deriv tives ; of some
1 ‘ ‘ ‘ Con t ra t f l a ! b z e nd dl a edduldb c e d or d e !ar a e a . 3 2 COL L OQ UI A L E G YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
m a of the simple for lone exists , of others only one or more the derivative forms .
are two s im le Tenses P er ect a and There p , the f (or p st tense) the
P r es ent (or future).
h r are tw o M oods I n di cati ve a n d I m er a ti ve. T e e , the the p
e Voi ce viz A cti ve P a s s i ve can b on . S e There is only , the , ince the
a b t a a obt ined y he use of deriv tive form .
T H E REG L T R I L I T ER AL VER B U A R .
a b ab The form in which ver is given in Ar ic is not the infinitive ,
rd but . S . a : . bata b has the 3 pers ing of the p st tense e g . , he
i ir ib has s bu t has b zi . written ; , he drunk ; , he een silent (It must therefore be u n derstood that in the vocabul aries the Arabic
b are ea fi so a a ver s not r lly in the in nitive, though tr nsl ted for the b sake of revity . )
‘ ‘ ‘ a s t tens e of a a l il an d u u l The p these three forms (thef , fi , f forms) is as follows
’ ka ta bt I h ave written
’ ba ta bt thou hast written
’ bata bti thou h a st (fem . ) written bei ta b he has written Ref/a bet she has written
’ ba ta bnci we h ave written ba tcibtu (ba tabtu m) you have written b u R dta b ( dta bu m) they have written .
‘ The past tense of the fi i l and the f u u l forms is conjugated in a a a a b a lmost the s me m nner, except th t efore vowel termin tions they frequently drop their second vowel . i E . ir ibt a . g I h ve drunk
' i ir ibt thou h ast drunk
I i r ibti thou h a st (fem .) drunk i i r i b he has drunk i i r (i )be! she has drunk
' ii r ibn a a . we h ve drunk TH E R E G UL A R TR I L I TER A L VER B 33
' i i r ibt z? (i i r ibtu m) you h ave drunk
n f i r (i )bu they h ave dru k .
In the same w ay
s u bzi tt I h ave been sile n t s u l ni tt thou ha st been silent
s ubti tté thou hast been (fem . ) silent s fibu ! he h as been silent She has been silent s u bzi tna we h ave been Sile n t s u bti ttu (m) you have been Silent
u b u n n s zi b(u )! (s iz t m) they have bee sile t .
In the s ame m an n er are conjuga ted h h dcir a b . e as , strike , hit (lit struck) ;
nci s a z out l , copy ;
idil a f , rem in
n i ai t n , desce d .
’ AR th n a ma r n i me nu zi m A . su U e . VOC B L Y ; g , moon ; g , pl g ,
’ ’ ’ a a r d a a !all !il ci l mdz /e a sa r bci t st r ; , e rth , l nd ; , pl . , hill ; j , w ter ; ,
’
S b te a a bw e ff nebid n n ci n . nd i n her et ; ; g , co ee ; , wi e ; fi g , pl fi g , ‘ ’ ’ ’ ci menci u w a l a a es s ene e d ze a mim mzi a de! cup , l st ye r gg ij , next ye r ; i i ’ l bt s n n a teme li a a th m a zi b . , for ye rs , lw ys (wi out interruption) , pl ma kci ti b i n iz a l a u a a has a , letter ; ( , ), if ( lw ys the perfect fter it) ; i ’ b n . di i n as a s a a a a ffi : . , if, , like ( lw ys t kes the pronomin l su x e g ” ’ ’ ‘ i ma r e Ri i n nélz d s cr a e a b a a a li lbi ”y , this is uilding like p l ce); , for ” a Ramei n a a a l e ? a a at o f s le ; , lso , g in ; , why (usu lly pl ced end sentence).
x r i s s E e c e .
’ " el zus ci n i ll ? M ob muff n ot d a r a bte ba g leta b l (horse) fl , (is ) ' ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ i ba l e . bz ci l li r n a s a zt elbitci b ell z Rei n i dulci bi f n ( g , pl g , mule) l f ’ 1 fi lga lzw e (café) w elti i i r ib ciga (an d not drank something a n d
‘ ’ ’ c a n fi r z bn d n ci ni n a lzw e i i r bet Ru bbci et mdz e. dr nk othing). . fi g g . y j
1 ‘ ’ I f t w o s enten ces a re onn ect d a n d t he se c on d on e i s n e a t e n o t in c e g iv , th e s econd i s t ra nsl ated by l d if the fi rs t s en tence i s a ls o nega tive m ci I m a y s L s I s tand in it ( ee es on ! I I ). 34 COL L OQ UI A L EG YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
” ' ” ‘ ’ ’ ‘ 9 é s r t . da ei men ei uw a l bei nt f i m a teld a m a r r eit elbe! ell z det e . ”
i i r bie nebid P lei a ei a i r bdt . s en iy e (pala c e). y [za w g a
' ' ' ' ' n elm a bt R ta b u elbztab elm a r a di s zi btet i n m dde! na z a zi b. a t m zi s eil .
’ r w el ei ei le! z a n n n bei m (seve al) s ene g [ ag (a d has not sa id a ythi g). ’ ‘ i ‘ dl n i z (z)le! mi n eggdbal . ef ams !il i e! (rose (over) eggib .
’ ’ ’ ' i n fi dz l! (if you stay) ben e m zi dde! s eneten !eleita (two or three years)
’ ” b a m a ! a h R bir y ebun l a (you will h ve) (we lt ) e .
h t ? h e has h h a H as . he copied t e le ter Yes , copied it W ere ve you been Last year I w as in Suez a n d next ye ar I sh all b e in
R tt a has b b ut ha s all ei l l i ose She een silent , he told me (g
r h b a n a n d M ll olz . a ) H ve you d unk s er et No , we h ve dru k wine
ff a and a a . a a c u c . p of o ee Give me wine , w ter gl ss Did you st y
n ei n a w il we t r th z a m a . lo g ( t ) Yes , s yed five hours If you w ite e ‘ letter come (ta ei l a ) to me Wh a t is tha t house which lies at
th i s e z n a ? a a : a e foot (f j l ) of the mou t in (Tr nsl te Th t house,
‘ a n ei n i ci r a b w & c . m i i hich is, , wh t I do not k ow ( f ) it is uilding
like a S chool (Ru tteib).
L N ! I I ESSO .
P R E S EN T— I M P ER A T I VE—PA R T I CI PL E S A N D I N FI N I
T I V E S— be .
‘ ‘ h a re th P r es ent F or ms b : i il a l T e following e of the ver y f , y fi ,
‘ l n z u c . y f The se o d vowel (i . e the one between the second an d thi r d ra dicals) is changed in the presen t of m ost verbs ;
bu t n c an b e h c an b no defi ite rules given for t e h ge . In this ook (a s in the m ajority of gramm ars an d diction aries) the present vowel
a t b : kef u . . ta b zi btub is given f er every ver e g , , write (present , y ) ;
i a i i r ib a . i r b , , drink (pres y ).
P ES NT of kefta b . R E , write I write or I will write thou wil t write f m thou wilt ( e . ) write he will write P R ES EN T A N D I M P ER A TI VE 35
sh e will write nilf t u b w e will w rite l ib/dbl? you will write
b ie iR u m y i tzi b (y /zi b ) they will write .
P ESEN o f i ir i b n . R T , dri k
’ a i r u b I drink , I will drink !i i r a b thou wilt drink
thou wilt (fem . ) drink y i i r a b he will drink tif r a b she will drink n i i r a b we will drink
' ' tii r a bz? you will drink
’ ’ ii z? y r a b (772) they will drink .
The I mper a ti ve is fo rmed from the root of the verb with the
and a i present vowel prefix . This prefix is if the present vowel is bt i a u i u : . i nz il n i z il i u b or or if it is e . g , come down (from )
or zi btu b ! i f r a b ! dr a b ! F emi n ine , write , drink i , strike For the form ’ ' a n i a P l u r a l i i i sn i bi n zf r a bie is dded ; for the , , dri k , drink
bt b idr eibi e u dbi . u tzi bu a y , write (fem ) , write ye Simil rly, ,
idr eibu.
‘ ”°
A ent A cti ve P a r tici l e has ei i l . a ile The g or p the form f , fem f or
‘ ‘ ‘’ ' d e n i ar bin l . a li . . f n r dr be : e ei r i b n sd ibe o r s . f , pl f g , dri ki g , fem . . , pl ;
Riti b n R i b e ei n e ei t be ei t R t i . b . b , writi g , fem . or , pl
‘
P a ti en t P a ss i ve P a r ti c i l e has m a zi l . The or p the form f , fem
‘ ' ‘ me l a u a b a fi i ma l n a a il . m tzi b i m : . y , pl . f or f e g , written ( written ' ‘ 1 t i l a’ t m a btuba ma btzebin ma /zi t . ma z hing), fem . , pl . ; g , killed , fem g
‘
. m a tuli n m pl g or aga til .
I n n i ti ve N ou n o A cti on has a re The fi or f numerous forms , which
all b n b a su stantives . The Arabic i n fi itive is only to e used to tr ns late the E n glish infi n itive when the la tter can b e repla ced by a
b a b n t n be a b a : da r b ver l su sta ive . The i finitive must le rnt y pr ctice ,
‘ a l u lzi a n a nuz zi l striking ; fi , doing, deed ; t , sce ding , scension ; , ’
n s ur b . descent , goi g down , drinking , smoking
1 ‘ I n h tt r a b fi b m a s ura nz abdt i b t e m e an i ng a le e m t k e pl l . D 2 36 COL L OQUI A L E GYPTI A N A R A B I C GR A MMA R
We repe a t here what has been already stated : the pronominal suffixes c an be used as objectival suffi xes for the personal pro i . a u b nouns However, in the first person singul r is su stituted for
i e . . d a n ibn i has a a a h g , he struck me (the ccent is ltered just s wit ’ ’ ffi a ta llz a has si r bzi lz the possessive su xes) ; g , he killed her ; , they
a ba ta bn eibum a h ve drunk it ; , we h ve written you down he ‘ s aw i mil olz has . us , he done it As regards the meanings of the tenses the Perfect tense treats of some a ction in the p ast ; the Present tre ats of some action not
and m a be a a b or yet finished, it y tr nsl ted y the Present, Future , f Imper ect . To express an i mmedi ate pr es ent the letter b (be) m ay be affi xed
r esent e r . . to the p (m in the s t pers . e g
’ ba btub I am in the act of writing thou art in the act of writing
r a t thou a t in the c of (fem . )writing beyibti b he is in the act o f writing betibtzb she is in the act of writing m enibtzb we are in the a ct of wri ting betibtibie you are in the ac t of writing
be / zlétibu are act n g they in the of writi g .
’ a — a r a a s ei ba r u a a mis ib i Conjug te g b, , wound , , h ve p tience , , ’ ’ ’ a a ta z a nei a a lz a a b li ba s a r i t ke ; f l , , open ; , , c ll (to some ody ) , , bre ak . ’ A AR —l a m a zi t et l a bm a a l e / mé U . z VOC B L Y b , me t Z t , piece of me t ; i
’ ' c ’ mas l b a l ez m e meii w z a a du zei n ba c ug, oiled me t ; b , ro st me t ; l , to c o ; ' ’ i i r i b eddu ui n b a a fsils m ba slz i s b l , smoke (to cco) b , he p (for smoking) , a bbd a bbd in b a a a z z dr . a z z dr i n b z . z gr ss g , pl g , utcher ; b , pl b , ker ;
' k ali ba d na dr . na ei r in a a w ni . w li n e , pl iy , locksmith gg , pl gg , c rpenter idir a be ab t a a w g , , le (with following presen ); m , kno , know how to (s a voi r ) (also with present).
x r c i s s E e e .
‘ ’ elbei b ma tzi e i n da/z lilka w ei li n i i ta o/z a out . f i , y f b ( so th t is left )
” ' '
s bur lei mm j a a a ei r z . ett a r a bi z e zi (w it little till . g g
38 COL L OQ UI A L EG YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
‘ ‘ e
. a mma lin a mma a m ma . a mma a r d am pl , shortened to , , e g . b, I
‘ ’ ac t a m a ba llim ob am S a h ma in the of going ; , I pe king to im ; ’ dbtu b el a w db am t a g , I writing he nswer.
a F u tu r e n an d The immedi te , the intention of doing somethi g bein g on the point of doing something are expressed by the ’ ’ ’ b r d i n i i n . r d i n n i z i ee r d e . r d i present preceded y fi, b, fem Z , fi , pl b , Z , ’ o r b r d a ab n no d i a h : . r i r b y b (un lter le) shorte ed to e g . b y , e is on
’ of n r db a u z il am n n m the point drinki g ; , I goi g to go dow im e ‘ dia tely ba ti mil i ? Wh at a re you going to do n ow ? The I mperf ect is expressed by the combi n ation of the perfect of Rdn with the present of the verb : I entered the room an d s a w
’ ’ c’ ' ’ r w as S t da olt el dda esz ti ea bibz lai w a my f iend who i ting writing , b f if [ ’ bdn d u d w ibtib a bu n! a tbu y q ey ; I used to cook twice week, b
‘ ” m ma r r eten fi lgd a . E xample of su c h a com bin ation of Rdn with the prese n t : Rzi nt R é’ ’ b ' ’ d/fti b w as n ei nt !z tib . Rdn tz !i btz bi Rei n ibtib . , I writi g ; , fem y , fem
’ bti bdnn d nibti b R n ie b i z? b n u b u bei net tz b ; ei t ti t b ei y i tib . The P l uperf ect is tra nslated by Rei n a n d the perfect o f the main ‘ " ’ R il h r n . im ad te lea a ha b : . du Rei n t bt d ver e g , he done ; , I w itte ; ’ ’ ’ Rdn u n eed /Z n l il a daeim l a mmd ea l e ! el a u w ei s h ad a b g g , they c lled the
a n servant when the cav ss (consula r serva t) c ame in .
The F u tur e- perf ect is formed by the combina tion of the present
’ b n R b m a . d a ta bt of du b : . a with the perfect of the in ver e g ,
‘ ’ ' a a ebei n i m it ei szi l a n I sh ll h ve written ; y g , he will h ve do e the
work . The A cti ve P a r ti ciple is often used with the person al pronouns
’ ’ ’ ‘ n bdtib I m i nez d r n : . . a a a i to express the present e g , writing ; b f ,
‘
i nti ei mle f m rt n . e . a we know , thou ( ) doi g ” m N e a ti on ma ne a s md The most co mon g is (cf. p ) ; ’ ’ d b md ba t b b 5 ffi x th E . . a m b s u e . s co es efore the ver , is to e ver g ,
’ ‘
h as n ot mei mills md a mili am n . 36 an d he written ; (for ), I not doi g
a n d the l ast syll able of the verb only form o ne to n ic - group ; there
r of a n t a a n d t fo e the position the ccent is freque ly ltered , no
’ ’ d a md d a r blv . eir b bu t a unfrequently a short vowel is inserted : e g . ;
’ ' b! bu t mei da r btzi d a r ei a .
Certain suffixes are inserted between the verb and the p article 35 A U! I L I A R Y A N D N EGA TI VE P A R TI CL ES 39
” ’ ’ 1 thus ma d a r a btolz f or md I h ave not hit him m d y i nzs il ’ dlzi m they will not c atch hold of hi . ‘’
a a a of b 2 s s .s a a a If the l st r dic l the ver is , , or it is usu lly ssimil ted ” i m a z u lds i ff to the following thus { (pronounced ( whi ). To render nega tive the present formed from the a ctive participle
and a a th n n the pronoun , the neg tive p rticle is used wi the pro ou
’ ' ’ mdnif ma ntzi monti i m ui thus , not I , not you not you , ' ma /z ndfs m a ntzi i ma bu mf o r m u i not he ; , not we ; , not ye ; , not
' dn i Rd ib am m f t t n n i i bd . : . . m o t tba they e g , I not wri i g , you (fem ) ’
are ma ntds bdtbin are n . not writing ; , ye not writi g
m uff a n a da muff bilw a z i s (not), m kes single words eg tive e . g . y ,
” ' elbe! da m ui kebi r h a . this is not nice , t is house is not l rge
‘ ’ ‘ V — e ldt a OCABULAR Y . l . a t a a a mme . a mmdt s , pl b , un (m tern l) , pl ,
‘ ‘
a a a dl . a wdl a a a mm . a mdm unt (p tern l); b , pl b , uncle (m tern l); , pl , ’ a a zbn el i bn a so n so n ibn elbi n t uncle (p tern l) , gr ndson ( of the ) ,
a a edd a ddd ra a gr ndson (son of the d ughter); g , pl . g , g ndf ther ’
edde . edddt a n m bi n! el i bn bi n ! elbi nt a g , pl g , gr d other , , gr nd
C ‘ ’ a i bne a mm a a ibné dl co us in m ate rn al d ughter ; , cousin (p tern l); b , ( );
° ‘ ° ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ e n a r i a r s bi nte a mm bi n t ui ds e . a r d s b i , f cousi , pl , ride ,
‘ dtz tbe m a - a i r sdn b b . d a a pl . , ridegroom ; é , fem b , tch m ker , m rri ge
” ” ' e dt md a d ba o . a oz . w z h z oz d contr ctor ; g , pl g , us nd g , pl g , wife ; b ,
- - a dt h - i n - l w s a r s bd r s n - i n - law a in law m a b . a o f ther ; b , mot er ; , pl , ;
’ ‘ - - i ci i n bi nne . Rand i n a in law a l a n m b a , pl , d ughter ; , for, ec use ;
l a w eld t . , nei her nor
E x r c i s s e e .
’ ’ n i l! d l b ndk !el z d ta en ld im !ibt i a e dt m . l b e z ibl f a y f e , (for me)
’ ‘ ’ ‘ 2 ’ a wdb libné a mm z li ibne i n r idit a ab g ). (if it is gree le to you)
‘ ’ ‘ ’ a b a ! l a b n ba a t za a ddmi ba z d nn h b e (I se d you , from ) { (I t ink) iy
’ ’ d Ra ta beti el a d d md ni f dbi bil mdto/z Rilme m w b d . r b g (remem er) ( ,
“ ” ” ‘ dt ld s i di da us e! d s imi ! a . h d m b a a . pl . , word) y b y ( e r)
' ’ ' elba ba r ? ld md md md gi bil ndi (receive)
1 S in ce t h e /z of the s u ffix i s m u te there i s n o diff eren ce i n pronun c ia tion tw n th an m d i th t ho d T h onte t a one b e ee s d m s i btl f e w n o t a e . e c i y , y ill k l x l t u h e m a n n m u s s pply t e i g. 1 d l ? i s u s e to form the da tive . 40 COL L OQ UI A L EG YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
’ ‘ V A ‘ ’ a k b a l a s um i dl o a ! Za k el a . d tzi b a g wdb i z a g m (for me) gb /z . ’ e m md ba llzds md a bdn s a lld/z! r r zi z a (p arcel). g
’ ‘ ‘ ' d ibil n d/z en i elmu d z i 2 a r i i ! ba ellél a i . w b dtolz fl l , g (come ck) g ' c ’ ’ i/za i n n le' nte n a sa zt elkitdb l mmd n a s d dr i l b b d . a a zi a ( ) g , (whe , )g g . ’ ta n lzi d ba a d r btii l i n md a ta ndf md a d m t tdf . m z b a d e b t . f l . f b . g
' ‘
n i i dmlin m uff bdtib. m a ntis ma tz .
h n I . as o t n n . a o t Se d me , Sir will do it He done it You h ve
’ s s e hurt (woun ded) him . In summer (fi ff ) there is no (mdf i i ) wa ter
d i dn . a re a w di . w a ? am in this v lley ( , pl dy ) Wh t you doing I
n n c opyi g your letter (parti c ipi al co struction). I have not drunk
n n ff h d an . a a ( y) wi e . I do not dri k co ee We w ited three hours
ff - h a a n d in the co ee ouse when my serv nt c me (a ) called me . Where a r u e yo living now ? We live in this street now. Will you a ccept
bed /e ? a . the present ( é ) which I sent you Yes , Sir, I will ccept it
a . ha n Ot We h ave not wounded him . I h ve not Opened it She s
a r t n a a written it . You e not wri i g (p rticiple). They h ve not done
ha b it . He s not killed him . We do not remem er Y ou h ave not received it .
LESSON ! I V .
F R M — I M P E A T E N E A VE R I G TI . I I . O V
The S econ d F or m of the verb is obtained from the Sim ple form
a a by doubling the middle r dic l . If the first form expresses a state
b n ab of a t or condition , the second form expresses the ri ging out th
a or has a a b b st te condition it lso the sense of c using, or eing usied
b u r be be : . . dt . with e g , to much , numerous , whence the II form ,
‘ ’ ‘ ’
Rdtta r a z li m . a llim a , to incre se ; , to know, II form , , to te ch , to w c ause to kno . a b a a of The Conjug tion is very simple, eing ex ctly like th t the origin al verb.
P T . P T ERFEC RESEN .
‘ a llimt a t a a lli m a , I t ugh , I te ch
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ a l m imti ti l i t im li mt fe . a ll a l m i a ll i , , fem .
‘ ’ ‘ llim llimet l a . a . ti dl im , fem fem I M PER A T1VE N EGA TI VE 4 r
PRESEN T .
‘ ’ n i a lli nz
‘ !i a lli m z?
‘ a l/i mmz? y z a llim u.
‘ ’ i ‘ ’ ‘ ’ mu PE A VE l m a a lli m z a ll z . M : a l . . I R TI , te ch ; fem ; pl ‘ 1 1 PA T C PLE : m u dllim a mebdss a r b R I I , t ught ; , roken in pieces ,
’ ba s s a r b a a . from , re k in pieces (tr nsitive)
‘ ' h a lim a N N V : a as ! il e . . t I FI ITI E usu lly the form af g , the te ching,
‘ ‘ ’
ta r a ff a r r a . the instruction ; y; definition, t ri , from af ,m ke known
Ot b ut are a r i be !ibr dr : . ta ( her forms occur r re e . g g , experience ,
repetition . )
S a I m er a ti ve N e a ti ve We h ll here give the p g , which is rendered
b a md y the neg tion . with the corresponding person of the b ’ . s a ! : . md ti ti b n o t ! md present e g , do write do not c ll " md tu sbutil be S , do not ilent ‘ In the above m anner are conjugated : a r r ey , m ake known ;
bdss a r b a a dll a s s et a n , re k into fr gments ; b , free , c use to fi ish ;
’ ‘ a r r a w a a and a l a b b f g ( ith ccus tive of the person , efore the o ject),
Show .
B —I n I f and N . I r . a a the . orm the vowels e the s me in the perfect
present . — ‘ id . A U AR . dmi . a wdmi a mds VOC B L Y g , pl g , mosque (l rge) g , pl
’ ’ ' ’ m a s d i a a mda n ma ddi n a a ddn a a . g , mosque (sm ll); , pl , min ret ; , c ll
‘ ‘ t a el or dn a d a d u sit essd a o pr yer ; g , the Kor n ; g , , down ; , the
‘ ’ ‘ ’ ess ei a dms a fi ve es sd a s itte w én u s s a - a hour ; b , o clock ; , h lf p st six ;
’ ' bidd a a t a il bz da so a : e . . w , so, thus (pl ced fter djec ives g t , long) ; ’ ' ‘ nez z il bi b S en na lz d r da a s t . it , let down , sink (tr n ) ] ,pl dj , houlder ,
t - da mi n S mi n i mte ? min z a mdn o y , from , ince , since when , since
a n e a t a . lo g tim , long ime go
x i E e r c s e s .
bdntz? f i n enna /z dr da P bdnnd w afy a s dbib (l andlord) ell ogdn da
’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ bdw a a r r a n d a d e /z nez z il es s dll e f g gg m i w e a l a mda n to .
1 m e i s a s o foun d s a o t tt l ; e peci lly bef re d en al s a nd gu ura ls . 1 N o diff eren ce i s m a d e be tween th e a ctive an d pas s ive participl es here th e sen se determ nes h ch i s u s d i w i e . 42 COL L OQ UI A L EG YP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
b b ' ’ ‘ ’ ’ . b ildl a mi n i a . b r a r r a a l a l r f s b d a a lz dm . o (pl , sket) f y fi g (pl
? ‘ ’ ” ’ lz dr a m a e a l a bu l o! h n md e l l w t a lds fs elbi db. , pyr mid) b (sp i x). b ’ ’ ’ ’ mi n imte i n tie bene r bne lzene mi n !e dt i n in a r r nd r i l a s . b ag (d ive ’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ el e n te a r r b r i a tl a tz li a r dm m i a n z m i n bi ta . d w i out) b gy b g , ( ,
' ! !e s s a l ie a m a s i m e ? ni a b l s s d go) bd (re ch) r t b s s a l/z d bd r a bddr i . i
' ’ md r d f li s s d md d s bu ! d w dld d i nte ba dddb a f ( not yet). , y , (li r ,
‘ ’ ' - h n bu m i n . ll a ddm z et b d r a . a a t a r a bi z e m a s pl ) g ( g up) ( y clothes) ,
‘ ‘ is a lld zbd r a mi n ? !i a z z il u m i n bi tbum da s a bi/z y l ( ep ir) (move) ,
‘ ’ ’ ? diw a ne a z z i! mi nn o/z i s ll a en a d bdtta r a ob n r . (right, true) , , y b gg
’ ‘ ’ dbw e a a ! s elli m a l a r t g (incre se t ke more, drink more) (g ee )
’ ’ ’ ' ’ ' li a bibo/z . md !iba ttdr i m o e 7nd tz r a ei /zi mei ti za ll a s i elbilei b iy g b . l
‘ qa bl es sd a
T ake more wa ter ! Wh at has be shown you ? He h as Show n
’ n an d a a ne i l r m us the tow its mosques . T ke the gl ss down ( z z ) f o
r - n the cupboa d . To morrow mor ing I shall move from my house
‘ ’ (a a z z il mi n Who ca n re p a ir this table ? The ca rpe n ter will
’ ‘ a e s elli m a l a a ? h a repair it . H ve you greet d ( ) your te cher We ve moved from this house they a re goin g to Show u s a house oppo
’ a r dbba ma S a s a ba n u t site the mosque ; perh ps ( ) I h ll live ( , ) here
’ m r an d h with (w ay a) y b other my c ousin . Do not smoke too muc tob acco (md tz ba ttdr f eddu lzdn ) Do not d rin k too much wine (see ’ n n last sente c e) ! Let the dogs loose at nine o clock . How lo g (si n ce whe n ) h ave you bee n in E gypt ? We h ave been here two ” a n s en e w i n s b - da ? yea rs d a half ( ten d s ). Where have you een to y
They have le arnt Arabi c Come at h alf- past fi ve (come
‘ ' ‘ dl a d ie td a !a . ta l , , pl ).
LESS ON XV
FOR M . I I I .
b a b a n d b The III . form is o t ined y inserting lo g etween the first an d second ra dicals of the sim ple verb (the secon d vowel is always This form de n otes an attempt to perform the a ction expressed by
m b a a m a a . bdti b the pri itive ver or mutu l perfor ing of th t ction , c r m bdta b dtil dta l b is o respond , fro , write ; g , fight , from g , kill ; d , I I FOR M I . 43
’
ba lzas a a . a a s dispute , from , inquire fter , se rch for In m ny c se the
d a a b : . dbi l r eriv tion of the me ning is not o vious e . g g , meet , f om
‘ bil a s ei mi a dmil a i a . g , receive , ccept ; b, p rdon , m n ge
n a i n a a S The co jug tion is this c se lso imple ; note must, however , be m a de that before a su ffi x beginning with a vowel the i m ay be ” n d a S dropped a the hortened .
P . P T ERFECT RESEN .
bdti bt a a bdtib a , I h ve corresponded , I sh ll correspond
’ ’ ’ b t t bdtibti tibdtib ibd tibi b d z b . . ! ti a tbé , fem , fem ( ) ’ t bdt et bd e bd t bd bd z b . b tz b t i ib tz tib , fem ( ) y , fern .
' bdti bna n ibdtib
’ !iba tbu (tibdtibu) I ' d/bl? (bdtibz?) y ibdtbz?
' '
bd i f m . b tbz b P AT u. M E V t b e d . a tb I R I E , , pl PA RTICIPLE : seldom used a s a nything bu t a nou n or a djective
ebdi mends ib ab me ed m i r s . . . i e g , overseer , fit, suit le t / , governor
N N T VE : a a a s a b a : . i s db b I FI I I lso usu lly used su st ntive e g . b , ill ,
’ a a mebdtbe r n m e/za z a reckoning, c lcul tion ; , cor esponde ce ; f , gover
n orship.
- m s o n o t u r i n l l h r N . B . A 11 t h e f or d o c c a t v b s e e .
M a n i n fi n i t i v e s ar t i c i l e s & c . ar e f ou n d of w h i c h t h e y , p p , , ,
or i gi n al r oot f or m s d o n ot o c c u r i n m od e r n A r a b i c .
h n m a b e a ab : s d r a T e followi g y conjug ted like the ove fi , tr vel ;
‘
r d/zi n ba sd id . , go il for , help ” ’ ” ’ V — m el ei a d m i n O CAB ULA Y . o a o el etn R y b (or Sund y ; y , ” ” M a om etteld/e a om a dm ond y ; y , Tuesd y ; y Wednesd y ; y
” ‘ ‘ el a mis a om e zi m a e dm a a é , Thursd y ; y gg (or simply gg ), Frid y ;
” ‘ ' a a i u bzi r om es s dbt a a dm . d m i a lz r . . y , S turd y ; g , pl g , week ; , pl ,
‘ ' ‘ ° ‘ ° dt r ub e sd a an n s s e s d a . s d a month , pl , hour ; , qu rter of hour ; u
" ‘ ‘ s d a a a n h !eldt a r bd es s d a - a a n , h lf our ; , three qu rters of hour ; ’ d i bitei e dr b da i e . da i b l b a b n i bil ztdbe g g , pl g g, minute , in writing b ,
has n imbi n ob b he i formed me in writing ; y , it is possi le for him ;
‘ i s b a a l a a i c n d ddb at t b , ec use ; g j , sudde ly ; y he most ;
‘ ” a l a lil bil a lil at a a l il a l e! mi n ennds g , g , the le st ; g , few , little of ; g or
nds a lil fe w . g , people COL L O UI A L E YP I A N A R A I C 44. Q G T B GR A M M A R
’ T oo m a b e a a b biz dde a a t , too much , y tr nsl ted y iy pl ced f er the
‘ a or m d a : . . d s a b djective, (more frequently) o itted ltogether e g
‘ ’ ‘ a l a a efsd a r a a l e biz dde t iy , this is too h rd for me g iy iy , the ree is too high . xe r i s E c e s .
’ ‘ a ba r ni bilbitdbe n n ob i i h b i bd r a . l d z imn i a l a lil b , y g ( e will come) g
' ‘ ’ ’ ‘ d m a a la lsdn ei i d li dd . bun ! dbti b a l a d l e s i m i ! g (for) g , g f b
' b n h a bdr d bet en ds . l ob mdbla s d d a r d ddb elbu n du e e r) g g gy y . giy
' ’’ i/ i z z dde l a z im n i b n du / u n di t a w e b u e zcs a dr e . dm (g ) y , gfi g iy y
’ ” ' n d i s er a et elm e d z m ddet !eld a o a r d md i fi dz l f y b fi d t bd a s dt . y m ' ’ ‘ ' bi nifs b a b a t a dddm i i s ldz zmob ii tz il (is it not possi le for me) b , b y g
‘ ‘ eddie d (tha t he works)f i bi ti . l b dd dli (high) biz gydde a l a fdn ’ ’ a l bene ba mdn bdm r da i b d bdeti . d e dn if (some mo e) g g . ’ ’ ’
dm z a lil mi n ennds . md da r s md a mil ob d fi gg g g , y
' ‘ ‘' ‘ ' ’
b d .s a wd a dd s a a l é a . 1r i bil a li l ilwd e i z a md a n da bi b g , y g iy
‘ ‘ ' ’ n d a n bdn d i d a l r i l r f ebi (if you h ave not y wine). g f a / d ) c ‘ ’ ’ ’ i " m ‘ b é’ ! w e a l a g afl e w g! (fall) i n a li w md (die).
Help me a little On Tuesday we Sh all go to Rosetta . There
but s aw dbta r en nds were few people in the town , I more people ( ) h a in t e open I sh ll stay five weeks in Cairo . He
a S at corresponds with him (the ccusative imply). There were the
ff - o u a A rab most five men in the co ee house . If y wish to le rn ic ° ' ‘ ’ (i z a bd nte bidda b tif a llim el a r a bi ) you must stay at least two ye ars a ldz mni E . a i in gypt This house is too sm ll for me , I must h ve ( )
n o t b a l arger one . It is possi le for you to copy this letter for me (translate : you copy Give her (gib libd) at least some p ara s
a dd a a h dbil a at (f , no plur l) for her c ild . I met (g , with ccus ive)my
a . E s dmi a a friend yesterd y xcuse me ( b, with ccus tive), Sir, I did
. a e a di m dt not know it He is governor (of) D mi tt ( y ).
L N ! VI ESSO .
V . FOR M I .
The IV . form is obt ained by prefixing an a an d dropping the first vowel . The second vowel i s a in the perfect an d i in the present .
46 COL L OQ UI A L EG YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M MA R
‘ ’ h s a a ca n be A ab b e dl z? T ey y, it is s id , rendered in r ic y y g
. . n b a e b d a e dld i n elmdl z m t . e g The ki g is s id to de d , y g
x r E e c i s e s .
‘ ‘ ’ ’ i ll l il a dddm i r d a el d i a e lli ddob g (tell) b y gg f (things , lugg ge) b
’ ’ ‘ i b ne a bb r b s d a t a m n e . b d i a m n n b t es a d i o ab . (b , ke) ( out i )
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ' ' ’ P i s s s es s d a a r bd a w n d n esd r bd d b u l el i dms . bdm . fi m s a ga bl ! d
’ ‘ ’
é be . i i l b bi b i r ni b r e bu d ni bi r o . y i z bzr r t d a di bi l ma z dd . b ' ‘ ‘ ’ i bir ni i n d elme d z . a fbdr n a a f i n d ldbi n md a ddii n o b g b fi , b (
’ ‘ s a r db b i n da b l ilba dddm r db n d el a bim o n e il t . e a ) ( ought it) , y b
o ‘ ‘ ' ' ' i elli bl bi s (bec a use) dna a iydn (ill). b ddi n d nibbi r ob a n efsi dgl
‘ ' ’ ’ ’ ul ie i n e z i b b d bu m l ndb . e elm d z b r a el i s en der e bi dd imi y g b fi y g d gy . ’ ’ ' ‘ ’ ' ! da ld ben e elli l a - di ? ld d a wd a md n z da r l z n i da r i V , y b g , g ( g )
’ ‘ ” d a l bene ldz i m n ibds s a l bd lddn a e - da d as s a ldbs nz dm . m !i f , ly (to y) b
’ ‘ ’ ° ‘ ‘ enn a ba r dd bd lddbum be id mi n bene w e!z ibtz2 ti i b b c , ( , e ome tired), ’ ‘ ‘ b d i a t btze bu n u m . be i n d d mm r w d d a . g (pl of g , c mel for riding) y b ‘ ‘ ’ ’ 1 ’ ‘ n - b i s d d t i a a el dtd (do key oy) i rga l s m df a fl a b p y). r agg g
’ ' ’ l - e l z a r a d/ibd l a b a r a d . (cover , lid) g ( g , lend)
an n a a b a . a You c ot go w y efore sunset , st y here Is there nything new (fi gedid)? I know of nothing (tran sl a te I do not know a ny ’ thing I ought to h a ve gone to my friend s yesterday
‘ (tra n sla te : it w as upon me [bdn a lefird j th a t I [i nn i] go [or db] to
‘ [li a n d] Tell the donkey - b oy he ought to come back to w n a a a a morro . The gover or is s id to h ve gone w y (to) Keneh
’ ’ (gen e ) on the la st of l a st month (dbir ei sdbr What do you
’ ‘ ’ a n ? ld z z mn d a n aff a a mr w t to do We must ( ) tell him of ( ) this ir ( , ’ ll di d ob u mdr . a a z bd pl . ) It is the s me to me ( ay We
‘ a e lb u a ou r h ave spoken about (f i ) liter tur ( il m e dt b). We h ve tired ’
a a t ldz i m i s ta r ibd i dw a e . a c mels , they must rest lit le ( y iy ) Th t does
not please me .
1 F rom n ow on w e shall n ot w rite th e da tive o f th e pers ona l pr on oun separa te rom h e rb f t ve . V FOR M . 4 7
E ! I I L SSON V .
V FOR M . .
h a a z b re fixin a ta i ! a n d T is form is ch r cteri ed y the p g of ( , ) the n t a a b reduplicatio of he middle ra dic al . If the first r dic l of the ver " b e a d 2 s s s d t a a t g , , , , , , or t , the of the prefix is ssimil ted o it
z du i a i s d ib b e l a : . . w z s (like the of the rticle) e g gg , m rry ; iy , let ’ ’ i fsf a bba r a a it duw i z loose ; , th nk (inste d of g , The second
a a b s . r dic l is dou led a in II form .
a R The me ning of this form is eflexive or Pa ssive .
CONJUGA TION .
PE ECT . RF PRESEN T .
’ ’ it a a r t h a b n a y a ! a a r bb , I ve ee del ed bb
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ '
i t a a r t . it a dr ti tit d a r tit a a r i bb , fem bb bb , fem . bb
’ ’ ’ ’ ’
it a a r . i t a a r e! it a a r ti t dbba r bb , fem bb y bb , fern .
’ ' ’ ' i t a bba r n d n i t a bba r ’ ’ it a bbdr td tit a bbdr d
’ ’ ’ it d a r i d z? t a bba r . bb y W
’ ’ ’ M P A VE : it a a r it a b a r i i t a bba r ic zt ddd a l I ER TI bb , b . ; further , f , z a dddl i i t a dddld a n e tf , f , h ve the good ss .
’ ’ PA T C PLE : mit a a r a a a a R I I bb , or (in cl ssic l l ngu ge) the form
" ’ ’ m uta d i l . . m u ta m ddi n z m u ta bbi r h a : e f e . f e g , civili ed , t nkful
N N T VE a an d a a ta dddu m I FI I I (r re only cl ssic l) g , progress mdddu ta n z a . , civili tion
’ ’ a are n a t ztbel /im a i! a r r a In like m nner co jug ed , spe k , converse ; g
‘ ’ ' ’ a l a at it di f a m a it a u w a d , look on , r ise one s hopes , hope ; ,
‘ a a l a ccustom oneself (to ).
’ — an ! ba u A U AR . idi r a a i da r b e ab c a VOC B L Y g , ( lso y g ), le , ; b ,
’ m lib b d n z d ndt E a n d . m u ld i r r cook ; , pl , king ; g , pl . g , urope king ; ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ it a u w a d a lbdw a b a a z mi n enbi n d a x. , ecome cclim ti ed by in which
c n ? l ind et i n h Ia n dire tio by t e direction of , if (with per
‘ ‘ ’ ” fect a l a dd a l a §i u r dt dol o n . ) , , under this (these) c nditio (s) COL L OQ UI A L EG YPTI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
x r i E e c s e s .
' ' ‘ ‘ ° mdgda r fs a t duw a d a lbdwa ; edddny a bdr r e muydttzs (the weather
. ez a elbdw a a a ir a ? elbdw a is stifling hot) jy (how) (we ther, , clim te)
‘ ‘ ' ’ ’ ’ md li . a la dd m a ddr i d da l bene a b a r n b g f t (a y more).
° ' ’ i! a s s d d a a w er d u l ind e! e dn f b (go w lk) b (go) by lba br . a mi a u wid
‘ ‘ ‘’ ' a it du w a d a la .su r b eddu dn md ed u r r in ii d a r r ed u r r (p rticiple of ) b , y ( ,y ,
° ’ ’
a . l a u bunte a s s a lti ni bdnnd s z r nd s a w a s dw a do h rm) b , df (we a n a a t tbu d wdld d ? would h ve go e w y together). i b (cook), y ' md r s dt bu illa bdm a bl a df b (except) few dishes). tagdddu m ' ma s r z dbi r a ma s r i t a dda me! temel li mi n mddde! M o mm d (cle r) g , bd e
' ’
A li bdf a elbebi r . a s a b se e o u bdbr a , df (I hoped to y ) , ’ ’ ’ f ’ ' ’ ’ ldbi n li i nna b tesd r bi lw a bdr bdm sa a a blé !ul d essdms zt ddda l fi g , f ’ ’ - ellel d di . z a dddld u d dl ie nitbellim i ss a r (Visit me) tf , b , f df
' ’ ‘ !i r (about the journey). ya r agd z mte a l a ma s r ?
a b a . We h ve een del yed The progress of E gypt is plain (z dbi r ). ’ Have the goodness to come in an d we will speak (n itbellim) about n z a f i) progress a d civili tion . Would you not like to go for f ’ a at e n d a ? a a z md bidddbs é little ( of sentence) w lk [tr nsl te , you go C n a w a lk (it/ dss a b) a little P] . a you write Arabic ?
- a m I hope to visit (present) the mosques to morrow . I a ccustomed
’ n ff a b el a re s b to dri king c o ee (f r g bw e). You a not very well ( dbbeta ’ m us bw a iyis e); according to my ide a s you ought (ldz i m)
a b a z to go a little walk . H ve you ecome cclimati ed (alre ady) ?
a a a see . h a No , Sir ; I c nnot ccustom myself to the he t ( ) We ve
a e a been del y d a long time betir ). Th t does not m atter I h ave entertained myself (itbdddit ) very well with w ’ d ( ay ) him .
LESSON ! VI I I .
V R M — EF E! VE ER B L I . I . FO R V
b a b a i t b a The VI . form is o t ined y pl cing efore the root (see l st lesson as regards a ssimilation of the t) and inserting a long a (d ) b and a a a has a a b a etween the first second r dic ls . Wh t lre dy een s id R E FL E! 1VB VE R B 49
ab of i concerning the III . form out the omission the holds good here also .
a al n an f on b S The me ning is reciproc , implyi g e fort oth ides
. b t o ne a . . it dtib e g , correspond (wi h nother)
CONJUGATI ON .
PERFECT . PRESENT .
' ztbdtibt a tbdtib
b . bd t itbdt zt dtibt it tibti titbd ib . t bi , fem , fem
tbdtz f rn b tbe i b, e . it d t
’ i tbdtz bna
ztb tbd i b tbd d y t d .
I mpE R AT I vE : itbdti b i tbdtbd , .
PA C PL E a n d N I N T V : a a RTI I I F I I E r re forms , sc rcely found except
a b mitbdtzb a a : . . in cl ssic l Ar ic e g. , correspondent
' l are S a a : it dl zb The fol owing imil rly conjug ted g , struggle with one a it ci n i a a r it dbil a nother ; b g, qu rrel with one nothe ; g , meet e ch o ther . ‘ ’ ' One a nother is usu ally expressed by ba d (with the su fli xes)
‘
b bu m . . . one a a llimd md a ba dd e g they spoke with nother ,
The R eflexi ve Ver b m ay conveniently be inserted here . Since a a a ab be had re l reflexive pronoun is w nted in Ar ic, recourse must
‘ on e na s adi b i n r ds to of the words f , soul ; , eing , person ; , eye ; ,
’ ’ a f u n ob : . ma uw ! s he d , with the possessive su fixes e g . af , he killed
a uw ds d n u ds bum S !i i ne s dbd himself ; g f , they hot themselves bf y , she hides herself.
‘ ’ The word self is also expressed by me ans of these words
° ‘
bz : . dd b a a . dw bi i nob a (with if necess ry) e g , th t is he himself ; ’ i u t a bdb na isob saw a dl i nd Tsob w as f j , I your f ther himself ; g f / , he S a n a . pe ki g to himself, he s id within himself
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ° ' ’ w d b & e ! dna w a di a z wdbda c . . bdnt lbe Alone is b , , e g fi b , w as a I lone in the house .
d a r r . d a . a r elbztdb eld a r b . b , fem b , pl ub , other b , the other ook
‘ t a a b O a er : . . a a her th n , nother th n is g e g nother ook th n this ,
bitdb i r dd a a a b ! i r ob . g ; I h ve seen nother th n him , y g E 50 COL L OQ UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
’ ’ ' ’ ’ ’ A AR —er é z k z n ka n lez ae U . z l b VOC B L Y g , esides ; , under such circum
‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a a l a h i ll? fai l an a m zs zk m zn el f d a b st nces ; , in y c se ; , t ke y the
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ' ’ ’ a z r z mzn f e z b mz r z a m z n be h nd ; f , recogni e y something ; ill
' ‘ of n lzzf mma s é le A'zZ za éur néz a hat somethi g ; , fever ; , fiZ , cough ; f , ; k — ’ i mr u aer ii . z w . g , custom house ; , pl dervish
x r i s E e c s e .
’ ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ‘ a na a r a o/z mzn éur nel ef ofi mzs zkn i mi n w a r m ni a lcz f j . é g ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ " ° ' ’ ’ ’ ' P beY /z lzzzw a mzr z a mzn elfi mma e e k l e m cfw z . zi . b f z r c § tzl a l zmbz r a o . if l j
” ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ ? z a d a a lka ll z m 7 r 6 k k d l z dé r f l a e w 62 a a 2 ées s . i n ei n zde m , y Z g , (only) , g
' ' ‘ ’ l vci r w eib ldz zmo/z a l a h i ll? l r a z a a fi qy , M f g (tr velling comp nion),
‘ ° ’ ’ ' i r a el er a m cf e f w a f u i j f f w zi r r af zqga él effa r g ( y) [Proverb] . f
' ‘ ' ‘ ’ ' ‘ ' aé zgyd P r dgz l and (near by) Mf a k Zakzn mi m } cfr gf
' ’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ z z a M n Wh ile 6a z zf 7m ké n i r o/z . luff éur nei a er a z . , (I think) g f g
’ ' ’ ’ ' ” éz nl z ki nd w a a zfzd l enene é uwa s nei fivofi lei /5m ma fi fi g . g j , ” ’ /z o n e l e. ki n n s o ( does not know it is not known) qf ,
’ ' k ’ ' ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ a n s a z l l s z n a é i a . a a ar é wi bo a . 6 s l n e f y g (work) fi (pl , g rden)
’ ' ' ' ' ’ ’ ” ' ze z n z? é zlga lé w i gza g zfgci ézl nd qa ddi m fie! elmeiz fi z . / ’ {!M L{672 52 z a mé n f a wil .
' Under such circumstances you ought to go at once (gawd m)
a nd a . to ( ) the doctor . He was ill of fever for long time Give a a an d me nother cup . I caught hold of him by the h nd showed w as a him my garden . I met him (96 6271011) in the town . I lone
ff - mé m in the co ee house ; my friends did not come ( n i ). This
m f a an was a ha . saw did not do it , it nother t n he He ( y ) himself a b ? in the mirror . H ve you een corresponding for long Yes , we
a b a are ou h ve een corresponding for four ye rs . Why y quarrelling an d fighting ?
L E SSON XIX .
V F OR M I I . .
n n b This form is obtained by prefixi g i to the original ver . The
a a a s . e me ning is usu lly p ssive, sometime reflexive The perf ct R VI I . F O M 5 I
’ ’ '
has a n . a a s a d z s : . z nkdra r lw ys two , the present two e g , be b b e b a ba be roken , e ten (in ttle) written .
CONJUGATION . R RES N PE FECT . P E T .
' ’ ’ ' z nka sa r t a nkzs zr
' ’ ' ka s é r fi zn ka s a r t . zn , fem fem .
' ' ’
z nM s a r r . zn ka sa r el , fe n fem .
' ’ ’ ’ ’ z n ka m r na m n kz s z r
' z nka s dr /z? fi n /f irm?
' ’ znkasar z?
‘ k’ fi : z n z s r . IMPERATIVE fem pl .
AR E : n ot a b a a P TICIPL used , repl ced y p ssive p rticiple of the k ’ ’ . : . . ma s zzr b ma 6s z2 a I form e g , roken ; f , rejoiced , h ppy, content . N N E a I FI ITIV : r re .
' ’ a w a are a : z n a f a z be In the s me y conjug ted f l , opened ;
' ’ ' ' ’ z nka i a 6 12326 2726 be zn j ci cm 2 be z ni a r a 6 2 , 4 , written ; fi , , ground ; be drunk (p a ssive).
’ ’ ‘ ‘ A AR zi l l a b U . w l e a m VOC B L Y , efore the eyes o f the ’ ' ’ ’ a na mcf - Zz z a has a ? ( 16 6 a /zz people ; Wh t th t to do with me , , ’ a /zom a s m a re l e l a l es w i ld min ( ), here he is , she is , they ( , , );
’ ' ‘ ’ a z l a k be s ZZ 06 na W o a s eZ 1 a . a f g , good to (lit h t to him is), ’ ' k : e . . are e l l z Za possessions g your possessions which with me ,
’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ z a a o f a a ell z 106 a n az né ( wh t I h ve yours) wh t we h ve of his ,
’ ' ' ’ 6a r z6 l z o n e u /elzd , wish good luck to some ; é , his like, her ' ’ ’ a a : e . lai w a r cf z l m e? 1012 a z d/z a a zf n a he like (one of p ir) g. g g fi y ,
‘ a m an 6 1 6a l w 6d l a 61 . is without his like in the orld ; g , pl . 29 , coll g ,
‘ ’ ’ iza w a r z mi r a ar z . a a mmdr . z mm mule ; , pl Z , donkey fi , pl [ m donkey
‘ ’ ‘ b éma l o . z mé l a lze zn . 6 fe z m a y g , pl g , c mel g , pl g , dromed ry, riding
‘ °
- a a mma l . a mmdli n a 6 z a c mel ; g , pl g , c mel driver h rdly,
‘ ' a f t 6 a ]! a ab a da zz l sc rcely (with di ficul y); (inv ri le), e ch , every ; g ,
’ ’ w a 6 0 1 a b a zn a r a z mi n n , inside, in 6 , l ck dye for the eyelids ; g Z ( ), be b b e b e ab wounded ( y); drunk , drink le ;
' ‘ ' zn 6ci a t be be z ns m a , sent ; printed ; g,
' ’ become angry ; zn6a s a ! (pronounced t l €JO C€ . 52 COL L OQ UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M MA R
x E er c i s es .
° ' ‘ ‘ ' ' 2 226as a f22 ci kel zr a la M 22 (because of) ess cf z (mes ' ’ ’ l zl mr u - a l ak el 6a 6 g zi k (custom house). f 6 P 522
’ ’ ’ ’ 1 ‘ ' ’ ’ ‘ a a h n o 6 / 62 06 a a fi 15 222 md zh l z i . essci z eZZZ a la 62 o 2 ( e w ted)y fi fi , y fi fi f
’ ‘ ‘ ' ’ (dem and) l zss ci 222262192? kel zr a l a i é n (because) 6 226212 ’ ‘ " ’ ’ ’ ° a f r m a l a ri l a - / f a g g m l é z z r (the el Az ha r mosque). elm ozj e (22 1 ‘ ' ‘ 2 2226 z 6221ci a b b a r 6 22t226 dr a 6i . f g ( su ur of C i o)
' ‘ ' lzzi wa 2n6 cima a l a e16 u 6c e el k ll g 6 fy ma szzm . E i
‘ ’ ' ’ ' Ifye é fl aa k {z a msfn em 1226 22222 h i m (how much)?
’ ' ' ’ ’
- el a z z e a . a w é z z 6el z r u ; r a a r a g y (d ncing girl , pl g ) g (from g , d nce)
‘ ’ ” ke z r é l 2n l z6 c2 6 2211 a . ma , (the whole pl ce) ’ ' ' ’ ’ ' ’ ’ lé / tz s zr i elmzm d a z 2mr26/2 i a . el a lzw e j , (slowly c refully) g
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a 6d 26 6 d i az z me? ab er /z j . a r 1a r (is undrink le), g , y , ” md Za k (26226f 2 6 2211
The dervishes were bea ten yesterday near Wa dy
a a . a a be . H lf Sir, the g rden door c nnot opened (simple VII form), b the key is broken . This wine is not drinka le ; it is (too) sour What you owe me is (translate : my possessions with you) twelve dollars Where was this letter written ?
w as b w as a . It written in Alex andria . This ook printed in C iro n ? a Do you know the e w fem . street H ve you sent
? has b the messenger for the doctor No , Sir, he not yet een sent
h a 2222226 3 42 6 I will send him now . T e thieves were c ught ( , in the ’
a . O ! doctor s g rden I wish you good luck , h men You only owe ’ a a a onl = 6es s a t a a M b me few p r s ( y , f er p r s y rother s ’ has b b t are house een urnt Don come in , Sir ; there
(f f/2) ladies inside (gzi w a ).
1 Thi s pa ssive fo rm f requently im pli es a m eaning o f pos s ibility or of ' ‘ o th h th t a nn ot O n d f 22 é r a 6 b d r n ab e r n ess. T u s in s c as e c be e e . C . 2 3 e w i i i p , i k l b w or th o f b n drun e . e e . ( i . y i g k) 2 d t i r h o t ar t r m a un han ed A j ec ives n f fo t e m s p e in c g .
COL L O UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M MA R 54. Q
E xer c i s e s ,
‘ ’ ' 22 z f z d- l 23 26 772222 2 5 226 e ell22 . ell 272 a a l z 772 2 lf 6 (pl f 6 , pe s nt) y g 9 6 9 6) ° ' ’ ‘’ ’ l z6 22 d22 el zi e (till the evening) 62272122 " ’ ‘‘ 5 2222222 l cilzw e 772223 w as s o 22222222 6 22ll 2 7727222 (together)fi g , ( it not ' ’ ‘ ’ " ‘ ’ a fi l l zgd r a 7726 a le6 6 2222722 772223 mu l éma .
' ’ ‘ ” ” ’ ' ? z l l z m zl i 232226177222 el a wé 6 ell Z 622 22l l o/2 . l a a s idi e zl l zi 7722 fir z g , , y , y g y
" ' ‘ ’ ’ ’ 6a d6 72 772222 292122 a 62l e er r d z l - da r 6 222272 772272 22 6272 6 (never). g g 9
' ’ ‘ 2’ ° ’ ’ ‘ 7 ‘ z d22 er 227726 272 6 2 w a é6 l e s u s 6 i 72 06 6 22 222777206 . A l . 772 é 2 g , , 2f
' ’ ’ 3 ’ ’ 622ll 2722 (let me) M 26 27 52 227222372 l zss a 22 22 62572 y 27726272725
’ ’
b e f 217726 2272 27726 272 be b . d (if it is possi l for me ; rom , y , possi le) y ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ ' w i ld a 2s a l 2272 627 2 2222 722 2276 7522 e727222 22r w el an d , n 6 g f ( look)
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ' “ " ' a l 22 l 77222 7 2i 22 ell z a l a i d n 206122212 26221 226 6 27 a 62721 g 6 , n 3 y ,
' ’ " 3 {7227 96 77226 el6227' s 2 22622 l6 ol 6 2 72232 26
” ’ ’ a el6 22 2272 l l m da 77222 e1226 r 772 . g zi y é (the whole y)
°‘ ' 12 627i (or el6 22g2272
7 ' an 22727 222 a n 22 22 If with pres . ) y one ( 6 ) sks somethi g (6 g ) ' a ll 226 n ot of God ), he will deny it him We
a a = a a i s h ve worked very h rd ( very much). The g rden g te opened ’ at and at m an t seven o clock shut eleven . This is not trustwor hy ,
' a a a 2 d a r 2 bu t n he is lw ys pr ising himself (fl 6 , ) he never works ( ever h a a 6 62722772 He earns much money . I s ll e rn still more ( ’ h h an d Svzi Ask for t e works op of the locksmith , see ( j ) if
’ ‘ 22 22 has n 27727e at ( ) he mended my key . Whe ( end of sentence) is ’ ' h el i a n a a t m z . t e pupil s ( , pl ex mi tion H ve you thought about (f f ) your journey (s éf a r )? I h ave thought a great deal much) about it ; bu t I do not yet know when I shall
a a a a a . go w y . Will you ex mine me ? He quickly got into p ssion ’ Wha t (2? at end of sentence) have you done ? Gi z eh (elgzz e) is near
ai . ab C ro Bring the t le near the chair .
1 f h n I I S ee rul es or agreem ent of t e verb L esso ! ! I . I ! . A N D ! F OR M . S 55
E N L SSO XXI .
A N D . F R . IX . X O M S
a The IX . form is only used in spe king of colours . The conj u ati n ff g o di ers slightly from the previous ones .
PERFECT . PRESEN T .
1 7726 7711 a b 6 6 7726 77 6 , I h ve ecome red
2 7726 7711 1 7726 7711? . 11 7726 771 6 , fem . 6 fem 6
' ’ . 16 7726 7721 2 7726 r 7 . 12727726 77 fem y 6 , fern “ 26 7726 771726 72167726 77 26 7726 7721122 116 7726 7722
16 7726 772 2
AR : 7721 772177 7721 6 177 P TICIPLE 6 , reddish ; yellowish ; 6 3
77212 71 b . greenish 66 , luish
I VE NE I NI TI : very ra re . The followin g are conjugated simil arly : be (or become) be w b 12 76 green (shoot of trees); yello , ecome yellow ; 66 , b e b b b lue, ecome lue . fi a 2316 as . a The X . form t kes a pre x The me ning is best shown b a a . y the ex mples . The conjug tion is very simple
R S N PERFECT . P E E T .
2316 3 1721 a 22316 3 172 6 , I pproved Of 6
1 172 1 2 6 72 316 3 7211 2316 3 . 2316 72 31 3 1 1 . 2 1 31 1 6 , fem 6 6 , fem 6
2316 3 172 . 2 2316 3172 1 6 2316 6 3172 1 . 2316 3 272 6 , fern 1 6 , fern 2316 63 172726 72 231663 172 13 16 63 17212? 12316 63 172 22
2316 6 3 17222 2316 3 172 22 y 6 .
RA E : r 2 16 6 3172 2 122 172 22 . 3 1 . 3 3 IMPE TIV fe n . , pl 6
AR : 772223166 3 172 a 7726 316 6 6 772 an o fli cial . P TICIPLE , pproving ; 6 , " N N : 2312 32172 a a 2312 m6 l a a I FI ITIVE 6 , pprov l ; , pplic tion (from use a , pply).
a are a 2316 76 6 a In like m nner conjug ted 6 , consider ne r 56 COL L OQ UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GR A M M A R
‘ a bab 1316 16 find c on sider dist nt, consider impro le ; g , striking, at wonder . ’ — 1 a V 6 76 6 . 6 2272 a o L AR v . w cAB U 6 , pl 6 , le f of tree , sheet of p per ,
a a 3 7 6 7 a 1116 p per ; spring (se son); 6 ; summer ; 6 27; utumn ; ,
3 223 1 a 11772211 72272216 6 l . 21 winter ; f , pl f , se son ; , north ; 5 , south
a 6 76 76 7726 5716 a n e st ; 6 , 5 , west ; northern ; e ster
22 1 62 a . 772 6 7 a pl 5 , of western r ce ; western ; ink ;
‘ “ a 2316 77211 2316 11 a 6 72 h lf ; 6 , put up with , endure ; g , h sten ; ,
a 6 16 22 a 6 3 106 seek fter ; 6 1, , mix ; undert king, project ; , in
b at fi 6 116 a . the eginning, rst ; 6 , in order th t , until , even
x E er c i s e s .
7 7 206 76 6 0516 6 76 6 1 72223 3 66 6 7721 7721776 72223 366 6 7721 1 17712 . 12 6 6 5 6 , 26 1 66 72 2021616 y 6 6122 1 6 2 m g e§§6ga r 1166 6 77
‘ ' ' d16 e 776 61 . 7726 316 772 13 6 6 21 6 6 6 6 1 e o r 7722166 6 77ze fi 6 1 227 6 772216 6 e6 r ( ,
’ ’ 6 a . 2316 6 772111 3 6 72 6 716 60117 166172 6 11206 1 6 72 long time) 6f 1 3 , 6 1 1 ‘ 7 16 66 72 r . 7726 66 73 6 3 16 3172 2317726 3 721 6 6 6 3 106 16 2 1772 2 11617. (ti ed) 6 6 , 6 ‘ " ‘ ’ ’ ’ 316 1 772 f 7726 2 6 61 6 6 1112 1772110 3 71 772172 6 e7z e 1 12 . 3 1 6 . 671 ‘ ' “ 12316 g21211616 6 12316 2116 616 6 7726 3 16 676 111 617206 6217
1 ‘
a . 23166 3 1 6 72 § 6 726 21 1 b ox 66 2 217272 6 21206 11336 lw 6 6217. (ste mer) f 6 ( ), fi 1 0 ’ 113 1663 172 321516 66 6166 6 2 7726 16 6172
' ‘ ' “ 6 177221 1e77zell1 77221 6 6 2 6 2 76 6 1 ey y e g1606 (as it plea ses him). 3 9 ‘ ‘ 772 66 16 6 5. 6 72 22 1 2316 76 61 2 331662 6 1 2272 6 6 6e 1de 6 72726 . 66 6 , 23
a a Can a In utumn the le ves turn (become) red . you st nd the 6 2120 a 6 E ? a . clim te ( ) of gypt Yes , I st nd it very well When you
06 a b a c an copy this letter use (6 t ke) l ck ink . Who endure this work ? I am astonished at your project ; bu t I do not a pprove o f
a c a 2161772 ffi t 3 6 6 fo r o u E it ( c us tive), for (6 ) it is di cul ( ) y very fli i l o c a . all a a a . uses red ink First of I w nt to consider, w it moment M ake in quiries about the way ! I have heard tha t you (172726 6 )
are a a 16 611 a looking for house . There is house ( 1 ) for s le
’ ’ fa r 772223 6116 772172 6 e7ze be a not from here ( ). It need not whole
772221 16 2 1772 727206 e6 72 1 f house ( 1 y 21 61 ) I want only a ew rooms .
1 H ere the c o ect e noun 16 77 i tr a t d as f m n n S e L ess on ! ! I I I ll iv 165 s e e e i i e . ( e L a s of A t w greem en . ) TH E Q UA D R I L I TE RA L VE R B 57
E N L SSO XXI I .
T H E QUA D R I L I T E R AL VE R B .
an ffi The conjugation does not present y di culties. For the second
a . vowel the s ame rules hold good s in the II . form
R PR S N . PE FECT . E E T
16 76131 a b t 6 16 7623 , I h ve ol ed
16 7 2 2 16 76131 . 16 7613 11 1116 7623 . 11 6 3 , fem , fem
'
16 7613 16 7613 e1 216 7623 . 1116 7623 , fem . y , fem
16 7613726 72116 7623
16 7613112 1116 7613 22
16 7613 22 216 1 22 y 76 3 .
RA E : 16 7623 16 7613 1 16 761322 . IMPE TIV , ,
AR 11 7 23 : 772 6 6 b . P TICIPLE , olted
INFINITIVE : not used .
a a a are a : 16 66 1 7726 3206 In simil r m nner conjug ted 6 , confuse 9, whip .
a a b a n a The qu driliter l ver s h ve only o e derived form , n mely the
1116 66 1 b b refixin o f 11 : . . V , which is formed y the p g e g 6 , ecome 1 21206 2021 a . a confused ; , gro n, mourn The conjug tion is perfectly
a f a n a norm l , we do not, there ore , give ex mple of it . The student m a a : 116 76 1 b a a b b y conjug te the following 7 , eh ve like ho go lin , do
b 11167623 b b 12 2 612 11 b something incredi le ; , ecome olted ; , ecome a sh ken .
D R S ar are . e a b A VE B There two sorts of dver s , those which
’ a b as : 6 e7re 17721 and are purely dver s , , here ; 2 , when , those which
a n d b t a a re a derived from djectives a su sta n ives . These l tter usu lly
a as are and the s me the origin al form from which they derived ,
72 only here and there have the Old a ccusative termination 6 : e . g .
' 7726 11 6 716 16 6 6 72 26 6 z a 6 , 1 15 , good ; strong ; g , very (from g , e l ,
a 6 2220616 72 a t e rnestness); , first .
A U AR . 66 76 6 6 66 76 06 a a a VOC B L Y , , I lso, thou lso , he lso
c ' 6 11206 12 66 76 676 b 6 from now on ; pl . , Ber erine , ’ b a r r a 17 616 66 776 217220 Nu i n ; fi y; in the country ( lso 1 6 ) (6 0 ) 58 COL L OQ UI A L E GYP TI A N A R A B I C GR A MMA R
016616 6 6172726 6 217 b da 621111 b , outside the town ; , y y ; , y night ‘ ‘ 6 726 0116 76 612 0 at ab 6 m6 0116 76 612 0 be a , sit t le (or g ) c lled ‘ ’ ‘ ’ b n a a &c : e . . a is expressed y his n me , my me, . g Wh t is your
’ ’ ’ a ? 137726 6 23772 a 23 7721 2132 am a n me ( n me); y 3f , I c lled Joseph ; ’ ? What is tha t ca lled in Arabic ? 6 1 13 77206 1 6216 76 617 What is the J ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ a ? 13 7721726 6 12 6 722 a a sa . me ning of th t y , th t is to y, i e .
x E er c i s e s .
3 11 7721726 6 1 111 672 12 1077207113 137726 366 16 a 01 66 200 61 1 6 6 (l ndlord) 6 ; ’ ’ ’ 6 16 6 2 77206 A 66 6 116 6 13 3 1 72 6 1 1 6 206 206 13 . 2 6 3 6 72 72 16 y f ? 6 fi 6 ,
' ‘ l m0617222 16 76131 066 2216 6 ? 6 1 6 16 16 6 6 202176 77221 . 20 7613 106 . fi , , y 6 5 ,
' ' 2116 7613 3 6 1 4 6 6 161 6 72 y (pronounced 27 6 121720 20 16 7623 2211 0 6 .
' 7 66 72 616 6 06 a 21 226 6 7726 01 6 76 612 0 1216172 612 731. (he w nted)y g 5 1 , ’ 6 21206 1677266 1 6 0117 1726 772 6172726 6 217 206611111 ez , y (he sleeps) . 6y ? ' 6 216 2 6 21206 107720711 7726 63 211 a 217726 3 6 7 (how) 6 (ple sed , contented) y 6 " 7 b a a wa 2 6 72 7726 72 72 ma 6 72172 . 21 . ( eh ve in silly y) 3 (like) 5 (pl g , fool)
‘ ‘ O 1 5 7 7 7 6 1 2 6 6 6 1106 7726 6 2 2 6 6 6 721 7 6 1 a . 1206 1 f @ 25 6 , y 13 (doll rs) 6 ’ 6 7 6 116 11 6 66 11 7 . 1 21 21 1 6772 6 r a . 6 (from 1 6, cook) 3 f 6 (pl fi 6, hen) ’ ' 0 l 6 6 6 112 1 01 6 1 726 76 112661 0 6 1 21 1 772 6 6 . 7 fi 6 (in confusion , in disorder) 1 ’ 76 111666 3 el 6 a 6 1 2377216 6 2377216 6 , set in order) 6 g 6 6 6 1 6 722172 . 6 20 72 72 . (pl , stove)
a ab ? ab a a Do you spe k Ar ic , Sir I know Ar ic little I h ve
b 726 66 211 11 only een here (6 726 6 1 1 6 ) three weeks . Your
' 66 16 772 a ab 272 6 6 772 1 be a ab speech ( ) is underst nd le ( f 6 , , underst nd le), a lthough (7726 6 6672) your pronunciation (10166 222 ) is still (113 3 6 ) bad ab a a 1236 72 ffi 3 6 6 The Ar ic l ngu ge ( ) is more di cult ( , com arative 6 6 6 6 a 77217727726 had a Y ou p , ) th n ( ) I im gined must stay 0) a long time (7726 6 6 0) in the country ; then (66 6 16 ) talking (0166 121772) will not b e very h ard for you (be hard for ’ ‘ ‘ 23 6 6 6 16 a a ? some one , y Wh t is the me ning of this everything is in disorder ; it seems th at (6667172 17272) I must send you away 3713 ) Why do you beh ave in such a silly
a ? ou a ? a 36 7721 a a m nner Are y fool Sir, p rdon me ( 6 , with ccus tive) I h ave been drinking wine an d I am not accustomed to wine drinking I R R E GUL A R VE R B S 59
L E SSON XXI I I .
I R R E GUL A R VE R B S - V E R B S WI T H S E CON D A N D T H I R D — R A D I CA L S T H E S A M E A GR E E M E N T OF S UBJE CT D PR E D I CA T E A N .
Conjugation of verbs with the second an d third radicals the same 6 6 e . . 7726 . g , stretch out
PERFECT . PRESENT .
6 772166
7726 6 611 7726 6 6111 16 77216 6 . 16 77716 6 1 , fem . , fem
7 16 6 726 66 . 77266 6 01 177216 6 . 16 772 , fem 4 , fem
7726 6 61726 72877216 6
11772166 12
66 22 y em1 .
RA : 772166 772166 1 772166 22 IMPE TIVE , , .
AR E : 7726 616 772 6 6 6 772 6 61 6 6 72 . P TICIPL , ,
P R F AR : 7726 7726 216 - 172 E ECT P TICIPLE , .
E — a a has 6 6 1 NOT The perfect lw ys the vowel the present , , or
22 . 6 rd . a . If the present vowel is the prefix of the g pers sing . m sc
' z 6 6 72 72 0 72 : . . 6 66 e z166 2 6 2 2172 b is y e g , j , pour out, upset ; , y , elieve ,
‘ 16 011 a 16 772772 7011772772 a bu t think ; 6 ; y 6 , wr p up ; , 4 , g ther , pick up ;
'
3 6 23 6 6 be . 66 , y 6 , correct
a are a : 6 11 611 a 6 6 6 22 Simil rly conjug ted 6 , y 06 , pl ce , put down 6 , ,
66 33 22 6 11 22 6 66 1 7726 33 1 cough ; , , look 6 , , come in ; 6 , , love , like ; , ,
a 3 6 6 be . touch , h ndle ; 66 , , correct Derived forms of these verbs ’
. : ed6 16 6 33 23 a 6 6 7272172 6 16 be II Form g , renew ; 6 , c use to sink ; ,
u n a a . mercif l to (stro g, or regul r conjug tion)
. : a a a 7720 111 IV Form r re , only occurs in few p rticiples ; 6 , full of
- 77201177 b ad 772226 1772772 a . holes , riddled ; , tempered , import nt
’ '
. : 22 06 6 26 be a 21772666 16 V Form gg , renewed ; m ke excuses ,
ut stretch oneself o (strong conjugation).
172 66 72 726 6 77 b a a . : 36 be 1 6 1 b e 1 e VII Form , shut ; 6 1, put ; , d m ged ;
1726666 a a , stre m , run together (conjug ted like 6 0 COLL OQUIAL E GYP TI A N ARABI C GRAMMAR
: 111 be a 1116 772772 b e a VIII . Form 66, wr pped up ; , g thered to
a be s e a 7726 6 6 gether, congreg te ; prinkl d (conjug ted like ; the present takes
' '
. : 1316 6 2316 6 X Form 6 6 6 , desire ; present , y 6 6 9. As regards the Ag7117721721 o f the Verb with its Subject a distino tion must be m a de between those sentences in which the verb b a nd b precedes the su ject, those in which the su ject precedes the
a b r a e b . h h a b v r In t e l tter t e ver must g ee with its su ject , lthough ,
a an d b a a re n even in this c se, collective nouns roken plur ls freque tly
‘ a a b n 1 6 6 1172 161 22 22 6 6 7 s a : . . 16 reg rded eing femi ine singul r e g 66 y 6 ,
tab 3 111 2156 227 6 13 11 a b the grocers sell vege les ; 6 , six months h ve een
172726 3 611171 n n. completed 6 ; people k ow , it is know If on the other hand the verb precedes the subject the verb is
a rd n 6 - 721 6 3 6 61 . a : e . . usu lly in g pers m sc . si g . g g 6 , my friends
b n be a a . a c a a t c me to me The roken plur l , however , here lso tre ed
a n n 6 1- 721 6 3 6 61 s a a as a a : . . femi ine si gul r, or even plur l e g g 6 ,
’ ' a 117161611 116 22 2272 t a a b my friends c me to me ; g , he c mels h ve een
117161622 116 21 z272 3 6 62172 1 1/ 6 6 76 a a ridden (or g ) 6 g f , the w tchmen h ve
escorted me . — A U AR . a1r a 6 1 6 16 a b VOC B L Y , l rge porous pitcher ; f , p ss y ;
‘ zi r a i t 6 6 6 h 22 6 1 a 2266 y j ; is known ; y g , t ere is ; y 6 , it is s id ; 1 3 the
rt 21 §6 a 6 17 a 76 6 6 22 ba repo goes y 6 , it is fe red 6 , l st ; , , give ck
42166 1106 at a 77222 6 6116 6 at a . , the end , fin lly ; , the s me time ; pl
' d / d f b a 7726 6 26 , court ; question (su st ntive) ; 6 , monthly a a 6 1 1 a t al . s l ry ; 6 6 6 , re lly, in re i y
E xer ci s e s .
7 V V ' 13316 6 6 1176 33 22 116116 6 6 6 z 16 33 n 6 71 117726 71 . y 6 (concer ) 1 6 6 6
7 2 E a . 6 611 a 1161721 7726 1 1116 711 6 11 (history of the st) g (g ve) 6 6 6 .
6 116 72 1 1 6 1 3 6 . a 1 61 7721 111 1 2 772 1 6 116 6 06 66 7272 (pl , w ll) 6 , y (pl . of , ’
a . 6 122 1 3 6 726 6 1 b a 1 16 6 6 1. m son) 6 1 3 6 ( oxes , c ses) fi 3 1gg177172 1 2 1176 5612 11603 16 72 7226 6 111 66 676 16 2216 3 1111
1 T fi f rm r m h hese ve o s are e na n ts o f t e an cien t pas sive . 2 6 1117 m u ch a n d 1216 2 2 11 tt nera rem a n unchan ed , , 6 3 , li le, ge lly i g . 3 221223 i u ra f s pl l .
6 2 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIA N ARABIC GRAMMAR
RA 06 6 1 6 22 : 6 6 . IMPE TIVE 6 , 6 , 6 A AR a t of The CTIVE P TICIPLE is quite regul r, with he exception ’ ’ 6 66 1 e t n d 6 6 a 6 6 a a 6 206 611 and 20 1 . , , 6 , t ke , when it is 6 ’ m a a e 6 66 1 eat 6 6 221 a The student y conjug t , ; present , y imper 6 ’ ’ 221 &c . 6 7726 7 21 772227 a tive , , , y , comm nd . 6 1 1 Derived forms of the 6 verbs . ’ 6 6 7 1 a . a r a a II Form gg , y gg , hire del y, ret rd ; ’ ’ " 6 776 2 6 776 a 6 6616 z 66616 a a 2066611 6, y 6, d te ; , y , ssure ; (irregul r, ,
' 22066611 e at y , give to , feed ) 6 . : 7776 116 12 7223 ! 772172 17 772216 6 2 6 a ! III Form 6 6 6 ! By your le ve E xcuse me I
. : 772712 1 for w . IV Form not found , except in , good nothing fello
7 . : 1116 16 b e a 1116 16 1116 6 6 6 VIII Form 6 t ken ; present, 3 6 , 1111 6 6 1116 6 11 be a ab . unite (infinitive , 6 , unity); , e t le ’
. 13 1 1 : 6 2 72 ask 1316 6 11 be . X Form , permission , worthy
A U AR . 7721316 6 1772 ofii ci al sub VOC B L Y diminish , lessen ; 6 , (
’ ’ s tan tive 772161666 t - 3 666 6 a 77222 1 111 ) , wri ing desk , c use ; fi composer,
‘ a 6 a 616 6 126 as a 6 71 uthor ; 17, desire, wish , c price 11 , we ple se 1 6 ,
. 21722 w a 3 a r . 206 611 206 616 206 61172 pl 1 6 , y ; 6f , pl journey ; , , ,
’ ‘ a 7726 6 211 a a ab 6 61 an d 206 61 6 6 72 72172 6 16 e ting ; , e ten , e t le , food ; ,
have pity on .
E x r c i s s e e .
‘ 6 7 6 11 6 1 6 7272172 6 16 6 17 m 6 7726 6 111 11 63 3 1311. an 6 . _y 6 f 6 (poor ) 6 6
I ‘ 721 21633 1 66 206 6 1 72166 766 7 a 616 73 16 76 6726 6 fi 6 , (ch t) 6
’ ‘ ' ' ‘ 6 711726 11 6 71 6 6 . 131a 1672a 133 a a r 1111 2772211216 . 2131 5 1 6 g f , 5
' 0 3 6 7726 6 61772 11206 6 217 2 6 33 6 1 611206 11 6116 61 , 6 y 6 6 6 (even)
6 66 161 (the most distant towns) 6 6 206 772 6 1117 (very quickly). ’ 6 316 2 172 16 2 1772 6 7216 6 112 06 1 11206 6217 6 7 113 36 66 2 7272 , 6 . g 21
' ’ 1 6 7 356 6 6 2116 6 215 6 21 6 227 1 6 7 511206 1. 1 1772 772 6 6 772 20 772 7 66 6 (melon) y ,
2 6 772 1201 117726 6 6 661 3 6 6 (bitter) 612 6 6 6 1 . 1 2 1 116 2172 1166 6 201 6 1 ; 6
6 1 7 7726 13 11 72 20 36 6721 (hot) 2 6} 5 6 6 6 72726 772 (hell).
16 6 6 66 2 6 6 3 66 20 g6 / 2066 11 6 6 116 21gu72 11336 7726 206 1216. 2120
' 7726 2316 6 111 117726 6 a 6 y 6 (pr ise) 6 .
a on m an and 16l o6 Sir, h ve pity this poor give him (g ) some
=66 2 6 6 Y es a few 77 a a 6 6 . a ou ? ( ) p r s (f ) H ve y fed the mules , Sir, ' TH E VERBS AL I F I 63
b ut a b . a the horses h ve not yet een fed The messenger is l te, he
z S : 66 1 166 1 must spend the night in Sue ( pend the night , y ). Do as you ple a se ! Do not eat too much 66 116 7) melon ; it does
a 6 6 77 acc . a h rm to ( , with ) the he lth The food is not
a ab a a a 6 1 a a e t le, give me some ro st me t . He s id (6 ) th t the ste mer
b a . a of b [ 672 6 16 would (will) e l te The uthor this ook is S . I did a 11 1 6 b a t o ff 76 five b not c tch ( 6 6 , ) the o t i went ( 6) minutes efore my arrival You (your visit has) have given me much pleasure a : I hope you will come back agai n soon Wa it a moment (1316 77726 until (16 7727726 ) the steamer goes
L E S S ON XXV .
1 T H E VE R B s 20 .
b a 20 a s fi a a Ver s which h ve their rst r dic l .
R . R PE FECT PE FECT.
206 2 6 721 a 201 2 a to , I h ve weighed 66 , I h ve s od
206 2 6 721 . 206 2 6 7211 , fem
206 2 6 72 . 206 2 6 7211 fem . , fem
206 2 6 72726 20
206 2 6 72122 20
206 2 6 7222 20
20 a a In the Present the is gener lly ch nged to e . g . from
206 2 6 72 . , weigh
PRESENT . ’ 6 222 272
1212 172 . 1222 1721 , fem
'
212 272 fem . 1212 172 y ,
72212 172
1222 17222
' 22 17222 y 2 .
a you (s ing )have given m e (us) pleasure (enterta inm en t) ’
6 72 1312272 6 ou 1. ha e en m u as re. Fo rm u a u d in , y (p ) v giv e ( s) ple u l se s eed n the art n uest p i g p i g g . 6 4 COLLOQUIAL E GYP TI A N ARABIC GRAMMAR
but a t A second , r rer, form of he present occurs in which the 20
n d f a n 1 o : . . 1 6 is e tirely rejected the the prefix lengthened e g y g , he
w a 1 6 a . ill f ll ; y 6 f , he will st nd ’ I RA : ! 212 172 ! 61 a ! MPE TIVE promise , weigh 66/j st nd PARTICIPLE : for the most p art regular :
wide, roomy .
AS AR E : 7726 222 2172 P T P TICIPL , weighed .
I N I I VE : 206 2 72 206 6 E NI T . , weighing ; , promise
a n Derived Forms . Their conjug tion is stro g. 6 . : 20 2 2 6 b a 20 6 7 a II Form , distri ute ( mong 66 , sp re ;
206 336 , widen .
m : . III . For description (infinitive)
5 22 1 22 : 6 226 6 51172 6 22 6 11726 6 6 6 3612172 6 6 3611726 u . . 1 2 o IV Form , 6 , , 6 , y (sing
i . an d . a has a . pl ) h ve [ e . your visit ] given me (us) ple sure [At the reception of guests ]
. : 17220616 6 b e b 172206 6 6 b e . VII Form , orn g , found
. : a 20 the 1 111 6 VIII Form (Assimil tion of the to inserted ) 67 6 , 6 zY/z a . : 111 . y ffig, gree Infinitive 6 6
' '
. : 1316 7116 a z316 22 16 Pa : 7721316 2116. X Form , t ste , try ; y . rticiple Infinitive :
b m a a b e a : 2066 6 216 6 The following ver s y lso conjug ted thus , y ,
a 2013 2 7213 6 be be 206 6 21 6 a pl ce 2 3 , wide , roomy ; g , y g , p in
‘
71 26 . y , promise
— 772 6 76 t 76 6 1 a A U AR . 6 777 a 6 VOC B L Y 6 , vern , hotel ; 5 , , ple se (with
16 77266 a 6 11- 6111 a 6 206 6 1206 b b , l mp ; , perh ps ; 6 1 6 , y steps , y
‘ 116 - 1 6 b 6 76 2 a 726 7 fir e degrees ; 61 611 , piece y piece ; 5 , old , ged ; , ;
6 726 66 76 6 72 am . , I cold
x r c i s s E e e .
‘ ' 1 1 12 6 116111 1 6 206 6 6 6 11 11 20 726 111 2021777211 1721 20 7 g . 69 6 13 17(cost) ’ ‘ 1136 1 6 71 r 116 111 77766 1 206 116 1 76 6 1136 17 1 6 17 . 206 6 2 6 1 (more). 1 6 ’ 1 172206 166 1 177211 ? 1116 77266 6 20616 6 7 6 16 76 772 201722772 76 31. , y ( , swell)
' 7 m 6 1116 77266 y 71206 2 2 6 (be distributed)1116 201177266 1 6172 (a ong)17272 3 . 2 11 6 1117 7726 111206 116 5 7722 15 2 11 16 6 . 6 21206 1206 6 7 2 2 3 , 6 (oil)f y 6 f ‘ 16 3 22 6 t 6 1 1 6116 22772 6 201 66 2 217272 6 1 6 21206 772 6 6 617 f 1117. 72 7 ( hri ty) 6 , I 6 22 66 1 76 66 733 771 211 a 16 6 11116 6 a a . 206 3 36 13 31 1 02 72 f (infl mm tion) , 25 6 (p ss 1 TH E . VE R B S W 6 5
‘ ’ b 6 1 6 6 7 6 6 . 222 172 22 13 3 6 726 6 6 6 6 116111 6 y) 6 g (stone , rock) 6 , 71206 a ‘ ’ ' 11 1l 6 16 1 z 7726 1. 72136 7 66 6 76 3 6 206 36 206 2016 16 1 g g 6 , 5 6 772 b 72166 3 36 1 77z a 3 r 66 6 66 772 6772 . 1161 176 6 1 0 6 20116 y 6 2 69 (deep),
’ ' 7776 721 66 7} t 6116 116 6 1 116 7 b a 6 (cross over i ) f (pl f 6, o t).
a re a ! a and S Here you , you h ve honoured me Ple se come in it a b o b ff down imper tive Hi , y, ring some co ee and 216 a ou b the pipes ( , pl . Where h ve y een the whole w L a fi e ? as at . r time I home , my children were ill ight I feel
6 726 has b ee b a w as cold ( This street n widened , ec use it t oo (612 5376 6 1) narrow M end (set i n order 20666 6 6) the
66 16 72 . M a a has lock ( )of the door y he d is ching . He hurt his foot
172 7 6 11 71 106 an n w 6 7 d o a . ( 5 6 g ), it is p ining him very much Does the description of the garden plea se you ? Have you s et your watch in order ? We have now agreed to buy (721361171) the house and a w a s M a a the g rden together . When oh mmed Ali , the Gre t
a a b P sh , orn
L E S S ON XXVI .
2 2 A . T H E VE R 7 BS 20 A N D 3 .
b Wt h a a 20 or as th a a of Ver s h ve either ay e middle , r dic l their roots will be dealt with here . 2 ? There are many verbs which originally were 20 or y verbs in
6 206 o r 1 76 h as b a d 6 : . . 6 1 which the the 9 ecome contr cte into e g 6 ,
7 a 6206 1 36 7 b 3 6 7. a spe k , from 6 , e come , from 63 We c nnot go into
b at an but m a b e these ver s y length here, the following points y — noted I f suffi xes beginning with a conson ant follow the verb al 11 a 3 171 6 206 b 22 a a b 1 : . . 22 stem , ecomes , y ecomes e g 6 , I s id ; ,
’ 21 z 1 206 or I became . In the present 2021 ch anges into ; y into ;
‘ 6 13 17 b 71726 772 a i : . e z11 a y nto e g . y g , he s ys ; y , he ecomes ; 1 , he sleeps . a o f b 6 1 sa 36 7 be We here give the conjug tions the ver s 6 , y ; ,
726 772 . come ; , sleep
a m u s t b e s u ed T oo ppli . ’ b 7 T he full nam e of Ca i ro i s 7726 37 11326 6 176 the Vi cto riou s . F 6 6 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTI AN ARABIC GRAMMAR
P R E E F CT.
2211 a 3 171 b a 7217771 9 , I s id , I ec me , I slept
22 3 171 fem 3 1711 177211 11 . 6 111 . 7217721 72 9 , fem 9 , , fem .
6 1 fem . 6 111 3 6 7 . 3 6 711 726 772 726 77211 9 , 9 , fem , fem .
3 17726 721772726
3 17122
6 22 3 7 726 77222 .
P RES N E T .
6 211 sa 6 3 17 b e 6 776 772 9 , I y , I ecom , I sleep
113 17 3 17 1 6 r . 11 1 1 72 772 fem . 11726 7721 , fe n ,
1 1 13 17 113 17 1 1 21 . 11 21 . 726 772 11776 772 y 9 , fem 9 y , fem y , fem . 72196 1 7213 17 721726 772
113 1722 11726 77222
' 13 1722 2726 77222 y y .
IMPERATI VE .
211 2111 6 122 9 , 9 , 9 .
3 17 3 171 3 1722 , , .
776 772 776 7721 726 77222 , , .
PARTICIPLE .
E r 6 711 3 717 ithe or 9 3 ; 63 .
2 a of 20 b 20 not t n ab In the c se the ver s , if the is in the o ic syll le
6 6 7722 6 ab c a : . . it h nges into , if it is in the tonic syll le into y e g
6 726 see ou seeing ; I y . ‘ ‘ ’ o f n are : 6 2 a d e a 6 12 Worthy ote , w nt , wish , esir . P rticiple , , ' ‘ ‘
6 222 . 6 22 2 1 . 6 222 172 a nd 76 21 a , fem , pl ; 6 , , go , the p rticiple of which is often used to express the immedia te future (I am going to S ee
L esson XIII).
a are a : 1 6 f. 1 a 66 Simil rly conjug ted 661, y 6 j ; per 66 , fe r ; g , 1; 6 22 7721 6t b 7 6 . i 72 . perf. g , give, ring ; 9 , , perf 9 , rise up
O A U AR —11 6 776 at 66 3 6 6 1 a V C B L Y . / g look ; , , kiss ; g , str y a a 3 6 6 1 772172 2 6 7726 72 a w y ; , , let go , let loose ; , since long time ;
6 6 76 6 6 3 6 76 6 a sum 6 772 6 , , flee ; 9, , ste l of money ; 9 , , rise
u 7776 6 6672 a and 116672 b a a the ffi e : e . . p , lthough , , ec use , t ke su x s g 2 2 VERBS W A N D Y 6 7
‘ a am a 7776 6 66721 6 726 6 76 72 6 6 6 116 lthough I ill I sh ll go out, 13 , ;
b a ou a re a 1166776 6 17711 16 201 ec use y t ll ,
x r c E e i s e .
“ " 126 206 6 772172 61 6 11 61 6 1 6 6 7726 z 16617§ 6 11 9 9 , y g
' ‘ 7726 7726 6 66721 6 726 777221 1611 11 6 6 7 12 6 776 6 16 (or fi , 9 1f g
‘ 11 7 bu 1711 616 6 6 6 11 1 16 . 172 722 11 6 726 1 6 6 66 7721 6 1106 ( y) 6 6 , 9
‘ ' 172726 6 6166 6 6 121 117 616 1 66 111 1166 776 721 20 1 a r r 6 a 6 / n f , 1y f g ‘ 1 1 ‘ 5 6 16 66 81 12 6 1 7726 66 71 6 726 772 6 11 6 16 66 76 11 a 1/76 . . 11 6 6 5 1 , 9 , f 5 (fle s)f “ ' ‘ fi 1m13 6 (in the evening) 7726 676 63 666 6 6 72 111637y 1772726 721 6 72
172726772 1726 6 6 1 7213 2 11 6 11 t a 6 71 6 6 7 (sleep). 6 6 1 20 ( he t ll j oseph); 9 9
‘ 7166 33 772172 165166 6 11667206 6 21206 16 201 6 222 1 1 6 61721? 3 , . , y
‘ ‘ ” 6 726 6 222 1 11617 6 3 106 11336 7726 76 § 12 6 6 726 1 206 1 6 16 56 72 113 6 , f 9 n
6 6 . 6 726 66 6 772172 11 217727726 6 206 11726 ab 16 6 7 6 , 6 (round out us)f
7 77222316 72 6 a 2016 11206 1 16 6 6 7 76 6 771 61117. 6 6 206 6 9 (sw mp), 9 9 6 y 6 5 ,
‘ ' 1116726 91112216 2017272222 211 (in fi nitives of 1112 an d of 7212 11) 1gg166 1;
‘ ‘ ‘ f 1 116 f 116 72 1 726 a 6 7z17z . o u 6 72 20 6 72172 . o 6 6 g (pl g , hungry) (pl , thirsty) 201726 3 6 72172 (sleepy); 2016 11206911 206 91 1177212 2g67720 (time of the 1 6 7 71 a a a a 77212 2 0 107720 . 6 6 76 611 1 6 6 7 772 1 72 72 midd y siest , from It li n g ) 6
11 3 6 1 66 6 6 72 (prison).
2 2 7 M H E 0 D E RB S . B . D E R I VE D F OR S OF T 2 A N 3 V
: 76 22206 a a 2 6 22206 ou t 6 2220226 II . Form 6 , go w y ; 9, deck ; 6 , turn
a 726 22206 7 i 16 2220172 r a . 772116 2220172 side ; , lighten (g ve light); , colou , p rt ,
‘ ‘ a 772116 2220136 6 76 1 a 6 172 a 3 6 716 g y ; , unwell ; 13 , weep loud ; 1y , ppoint ; 13 , 1 6 76 7 a a . let loose ; 5 6 , ch nge , lter
: 6 2011 a b 2 6 716 III . Form 9 , gree ; o ey ; perceive ; 3 ,
a incre se , rise .
IV . Form : rare .
1336 716 b . z 6 222012 m a 1166 222021 be e V Form gg , rry ; , preserved ; 9 , let loose .
. r : 1116 2016 a a 1116 7011 6 16 206 16 b a e VI Fo m , y wn , g pe ; 6 , eh v b insolently to some ody . 6 : 17266 b e 1721 1 be a . VII . Form , sold , tr nsported (In the perfect
F 2 6 8 COLLOQUIA L EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
' 6 a b f b n a con son an t th e a the rem ins efore su fixes eginni g with , s me
a and . is the c se in Forms IV, VIII, IX )
6 3 b a b e 13 6 6 fish . . : 11 b e VIII Form 6 , kept ck sold ; 1 , , hunt
71 16 6 . : 13 206 66 b e b a b b a 320 IX Form , l ck , ecome l ck ; present, 3 ,
2 76 6 71 71 6 b e b 63 6 , 3 63 6 , or ecome white .
6 be b U 1316 66 772 a . : 13 16 772 e X Form 9 , just, pright ; , to l st (present
713 6 1772 3 1 9 ,
' b a a : 132066 6 be b a 17266 be Ver s simil rly conjug ted , l ck ; , sold ;
0 2336 726 72336 726 be at b a 76 7 11 62 76 7 an . 3 , 3 3 set li erty ; g 3 , 3 3 , ch ge ’ — 166 21 n w a 6 6 22206 7 6 16 for O A U A . V C B L RY , , lose o e s y ; , look ;
6 176 a 6 117 W 6 6 7721 71 11 1 76 . 6 , l ke ; 6 , ish ; , pl 3 , thief , 6 , horses ;
u 76 6 a h 16 71 a n 22 722666 g g fi , geogr p y ; 6, d te (of mo th), history ; , k E u ro e 6216 6 116 76 6 ab a 2 7’ 2 71 a 6216 6 1336 7 6 3 6 p , Ar i ; f 93 Afric ; 9, 3 ’ 1726 6 A a 6 772 m er1ca . Asi ; ,
x E er c i s e .
177266 716 16 17261726 (Khedive) 237576 222012 206376 2066 6 1 772172 66 776 1
7 - 3 2716 72 6116 6 1112176 . 76 6 206 6 6 72 1 1 70772 da 6 6 66 7726 6 1 3 6 5 , g 3 (to y) 6 " ’ 6 1 6 7 7 201 11 172726 3 6 16106 6116 3 666 6 a 6 6 3 6 1 . 9 6 (without re son), 6 6
121120616272 76 3 16 1 616 6 1 6 72 772172 6 6 7116 6 , 3 , 6 6 (your presence polite ’ ' form o f a ddress instea d of 6 726 196 6 1 (judge) 177211 7726 761 ’ a 1 6 11 7 1 7 36 71 6 6 1 6 6 11 6 2 (do me the f vour) 20 9 1 3 6 6 16 06 11. 6 610 61 3 6 20 1 20 1
6 1 7 . 16 2 2772 17236 1 116 716 6 66 7 1 0 6 72 1 7726 1 772272 116611176 13 6 3 1 6 fi 6 6 9 .
l a 2013306 20233 a 13 206 6 6 6 22 6 6 a a 1166 (cho er ) , ( , f ce) 9 ( lre dy)
116 76 1 6 61? 16 22206 172 6 n 117722266 3 16 a 6 (prolo g, extend) (entert inment)
16 2 2772 72 176 6 6 22 6 6 1 6 1 6 1111 1 6 1 1 16 . . 6 206 772 1 6 1 1 6 46 3 6 c 16 6 76 7721 133 71 772 6 1 1 726 6 76 6 7722 26 6 1 6 6 1 6 7 20 72 6 3 6 6 1 721 a a . 726 22 6 6 , ( g in) ’ 6 6 6 11 3 1 6 6 12 726 6 6 7 72 7721 6 . f 3 6 206 71 20 72 6 . 6 (part o 2 1 fish)f z 6161711 772172 2 6 16 (Lake M en z aleh) ? 16 1727266376 6 2 (neighbourhood) J 22 616 6 6 22772 12 11726 116 22772 6 11 11 772 6176 (dangerous). 6 6 6 206 9 ’ 1 13 16 76 7 112 72316 7 76 7 7 11 6 6 . 6 6 311206 1 . 12 11 3 6 6 6 (recover , present 3 6 6) 6
as 721316 76 76 : 1 721 117721111 7726 37121172 7726 3 576 1 ( ) 6 6 (supply must), 6 5 ( 5 , ' 7726 616 66 63 71172 1 6 76 61 772172 6 72 b . 2 1 6 usy) 3 , send for) 11 172726 gg6 7 P 177266 716 13 16 6 726 ga m6 201 72716 66 76 6 316 6376 772
a 7726 11 6 201172 13 6 2011 a ! 16 76 6 206 6 6166 1 (F yum). 6 (6 , che t) , 3 6 g ,
117216 16 17216 6 6 6 16 6176 6 6 ( 6 , choose) 6
70 COLL OQUIAL EG YPTIA N ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ a mi m l ga fi za es a z a a sa ll a k a . a ll z ) ; l , y fifi , w ken ; , muse (é ,
a ! an d . st y here sing. pl ) ' '
. : né a ci a out b a b III Form , c ll pu licly (p rt . pu lic crier).
‘ ‘ ’ ’ . : a a i z . fi : z m a for IV Form 1 , j z , give In nitive g ( sig nature .
' ’ ' ’ '
. ztr a ééa zl r aééi be b be a z ssdll a V Form , y , rought up , educ ted ; ,
1231953112 a . 4 , muse oneself
‘ ’ ‘ ' . : be a . 1a ci 1a n ta ci li VI Form sl ck An imp . , fer . ,
‘ ’ d z2 ! a . 1a / a . of . pl , come repl ces the missing imp g
' ’
: z n éa n a be b . VII . Form , uilt
'
I . : be b u zlfd a V II Form thrown ; y ; g ,
meet, find .
' ’ f ’ . zlvl a na zs l z ni a musfa n i X Form g , y g , consider unnecess ry ; g , without need ; begin .
‘ ’
A U AR . a a l a b elw a r a VOC B L Y pi stre ; story, t le ; g,
‘ ‘ ‘ ' I zz f é l b a a l em a l . a g me of c rds ; , c ndle ; g , pl g , usiness , work ; ’ " ‘ ‘ r en i a E a ta r ézi l . a r é bzs fez a b f g , Fr nk , urope n ; , pl f , , t r ush ; poetry.
xe r c E i s e .
' ‘ ' l a él el zo a a i zz P kel i r g f g (te cher)f , ’ ’ ' ' ' ‘ ‘ l i za a a dmi zi i a r él ka m lzed /e a l a i di z (1121 l , gj “ 7 ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ a 121 (31611 a z a n el a i é 1151 a 6512 . a si n i ( , the f mily) g f (this lugg ge) ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ = I f ci z a z z éé i wa egga na zf da . a mm l a g ( pre er) Z g fi (lo d, with two
' ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
el dma l el z a é l b dcz . e r z lz a d a a lm . z m r ci ccus tives) g c (pl l , urden) , £1651 (quiet down , only used of the wind). ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ’ ’ ' ‘ ’ ’ ff a l a i ri n elme é ci l l z a l z? f z z ll a éf e z el s é nu a k. 6? dzlwég Z fi z . g r r g a 1 ’ ' z mi ku u all n 77c lfa géfl fi . l/zi b m ( my childre ) ’ ‘ ’ ’ ' ‘ l dr es ef a gr el én f h a a md k i e? me a o e z . m fi g (n me t e school). y qfi
’ ' ’ ’ ’ er z a f - a k a i l eéa ZZzVzi y zi i g él md (before) Es /olz . z ml el u éé j /e n eé d ’ ’ a a (a double ccus tive follows the verb to fill). z ml a elku ééafy e 771172
” ’ ’ ’
eléir . . . m a le! el zi ll ci é ? ma lei bd (from) (fem , pl well) g ’ ’ ' ’ a y fzd e ugg ci 2 ga zda d n d m ogy n d/z 5a ]! (vinegar). er gj (fisherman) r a m
‘ '
4 11637242 ta ll a a zi a 27213. z n l d d (net) 1 ( , dr w out) [ g f f ’ ’ ’ ' (be extinguished) ell a méci z (or ella méa r a bézfm (they VERBS WITH Y A S TH E FINAL RADICAL 71
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ' ’ ’ ” r é 12 a b li é f a a z u fibb . {721 r zn z i da 4 a fi l . 1 m h ve educ ted me)f gy g , ' ‘ ’ ’ ' ' / ’ m r dcfi . i r zf z? kel z r I zi wa z e ficne l z i r a b g , y . ’ ” ’ ’ ‘ ' ’ ’ a fiwe a o nebid ? 1a fl zd f r a éi d a w a la alzw e wdl a nebid g , fi g , g ’ ‘ ' ‘ ' ’ a i r a é n a n .i a zlrs alkl z? embd r e z z (neither nor fi g fy . l
' ‘ ‘ ’ ’ “ ’ ’ ’ zs s a llen d ketzr f/zne l zs sd a r en I i wa e é r i u r d a , g d gy ! é, g g fi , f ‘ z u s z r .
L E N V I S S O XX I I .
D B Y WE K V R B OU L A E S .
' b a a a a w a l or Those ver s whose roots cont in two we k r dic ls ( , gf y )
d u z w ea k s are a re c alled o éé ver é . The most common
' ’ ’ a w d z z dwd z wi ro st ; éf , y §f (with keep one s word ; 1 , y 1 , fold up ,
’ ' ’ ' ’ ’ ' n d l u a é r w i a r é a a infin . d mz a r w z { gy ; , y , w ter, gy , w tering, irrig tion
‘ ' ‘' ‘
£11 12 7 a . cf z iz i i ri a a a . t w a s dw w , j , t ke c re ; imper , p r , c reful ,
’ ‘ ’ ’ ’
zs w a be ka w d zs t . y , worth , y , iron clo hes
D E R VE D F OR M I S .
’ ' 1 : b a war r ci ew ar r i S II . Form ring, le d , y , how
b e . III . Form worth
' ’
: zl r a u w a . V . Form , consult, think over
: i n fin . l a wdn i az VI . Form , l iness idle .
be a . VII . Form ro sted
’ ’ b z . : e a e a . m s/zwi VIII Form b re dy, ripe ; p rt
' ’
z l r a w a be a . , w tered
’ ’
- . be a a mzs tzlzi : b a . X Form l rmed , well eh ved ”
an d a a be . give , g , come, speci lly should mentioned here R R S N PE FECT . P E E T .
’ ‘ a a a z I g ve , I give m ’ ’é’ fe . a a fi
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ' f em a aet . tz az . fem ’ ’ m a i
’ ’ a fi y z .
1 w dr r a show an d dda e a re c ons tr ucted e ther w th t wo a ccu sat es or , , , giv , i i iv , th t h e a cus a t e of th e th n a nd the d a t o f th rs on wi c iv i g ive e pe . I A COLL OQUIAL EGYPTIA N ARAB C . GRAMM R
” ' ‘ ' ‘ ERA E dz an d a i é zéz zéfi . IMP TIV , give from nother root g , g , g ’ We h ave already given the perfect of ga in Lesson X . The present runs as follows ’ é i g .
’ ’
z z . l i . y g , fem ig
‘ ' ERA E : l a al a IMP TIV ,
x r i s e E e c .
' ' ‘ ‘ ' ’ ’ ’ ‘ z l i l a ma me ba . elwal a a d a z w a da zk t e (tur n, pl y
' ‘ ’ ' ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ " ‘ ' e amz zni aw a ella zm e ll z zb/olz - Za kz z mz1 ma r z w a r r i ni gg . i g gf ’ ' ' ' ’ - al 12 ga z zb l au z . el alzr am . g Z fi g (on the hori on)
' ° ’ ‘ ' ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ k aa P 722s m s i a a a uw ar saf a z z l i fl z zl z . ma ( , forget)
‘ ' ' ‘ 5 ke z r i r r u kab el/ze zn 12761 / . wagf e (it has stopped). f (riding) g ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ ’ ’ ' m f ya nazf i ll o an da w éma aar fv a r a benak. fidwa s a lzzb 772511 s t g fi g , g g ’ ’ ’ - - an r ef/z am! i f kzlmet l dr ar ole d lzon (a well to do m ). af p
’ ’ ’ ’ ' nea r d a ma aba an . ), d
L E S N S O XXIX .
’ ’ — z a m z (a a f m ) t a u R UL E S OF SYN T A ! .
’ are ab b f a rm continue , to go on , expressed in Ar ic y ’ ’ u x n m a a a m z o/z s fii es : . . o lz with the e g He goes writing,
‘ ’ ‘ ’ a m a be a a b ta u l aw t Just now, this inst nt, y tr nsl ted y , , wi h
’ ’ ' f r a : . . z nte l a u c z a e a t . the p rticiple e g g , you rriving this very momen
The following GENITIVAL - CONSTRUCTIONS are worthy of p articular
b a a a a a s ab . ttention , eing peculi r to the Ar ic l ngu ge
’ ’ 6z2 I . a (father) serves mostly to call attention to some striking ’ ’ - s a . éz? a ar m : . a v peculi rity e g f ther of terror , the Sphinx , the m an with the (big) head it is sometimes used in Speaking of
’ ’ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ - : . . éw a ; a éz? zamsa z neVz a fi ve a a umm prices e g { g , guine c rpet ;
a b a a . (mother), used simil rly for feminine su st ntives , is r rer — OF ! TANN, TA U RULES SYNTA 73
’ '
2 . z én 5171! a are a e : (son), (d ughter), used to express g thus
‘ ’ ‘ ’ Izzi wa a r éd z n s ana a old 7672 a r éa fi/a i a r , he is forty ye rs ; , the
- s n of a . . o fourteen (d ys) : i . e the full moon ° k all ku 11e f a /zr . ull a 3 , the whole , e ch , , every ; , every month ; ? ’ ‘ M lle s rz na a a ku ll an nas a ll ku ll err an d , e ch ye r ; , the people , the
ll kulls u m all kull zZ/za m a a . can whole ye r ; of you , ; of them , It b a t ffi a be a a : . lso pl ced fter the su st ntive , with i s proper su x e g .
£1651 M 1105 ennds ku ll zflz a m all . , the people , the whole house
a a b a n Two ccus tives follow ver s of m king, findi g, considering, ’ filling an d dividing (for show an d give s ee note to la st lesson) ‘ ’ ‘ ” zl o a uwa 6 a - e . g . z m b 6 he m de him door keeper of his
‘ ’ ’ ’ a a l a én a elba é mf 112 1 z ml a l n a n p l ce g g/ 1, we found the door Open fi g
’ ’ ’ ’ a lzw e fill t ff z s z m a s a m z er r a g g , the cup wi h co ee ; g (from g , , divide) ff
' ' M ei/e Izz a f a 6a z zZmz o/z r a zl éa tfal y , divide the lo f into three pieces g ,
I m an consider him a bad . V a' ’ ocAB UL AR v. z z i el z a a a aéa r y g , punish gg , the te cher ; é
’ ’ ‘ ” ’ ’ ” e 2 Wha t s the news ? g a r a e ? What has happened ? a és a r e ? Wh at
I ? 5579 5772 ? at w a ? of do know h t price , for how much (At end sentence . )
x r c i s E e e .
’ ’ ” ’ ' I V O gar d e x mal a da k 1171 mi n elma kfa é (school) wfma s ell z mse
‘ ’ ' ‘ ' ‘ ’ ' l a - a d zZmr ofi his a e ka m s ei n a a l ééga field olz g z lz . ( g ) P ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ' ‘ c ’ ' lzzi w a z bné Id a /af a r S ana ma s l a s z ni ei l zf l e da mi zn a : fi g , y g s
’ ’ ’ ‘
na a . Iz fiw a zl wa wa l emell z ( g fi, succeed) y ggaf (give y, yield) ,
' ' ' ’ ' ’ ' ’ c ’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ 77252721665 7m? r z a l z z d a z s l a nna Ki wa e a r a ba a g ay . gy g
' ‘ ’ ' ’ ’ ' ' ' a d z l cf a l a z l a fi z d £1556 k m ag ga (minute). e g az g z a h i l? r g w
’ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ’ " ‘ d a el laa a a md zh a bézl a a éé e wa y fi (p ssive of fi , lov ),
’ ‘‘ ‘ ' ' ‘ ’ ’ f k a a a a l lzzi wa 6a a 1 ezz r . k n ka l zb ma kl fié a l a a e / , g fi (suddenly) é
' ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ aéofi r zf z ma lzs a a l a olz 1a 11a mz mz ob h i m kzl cfé g , f fi , ,
' c ’ ’ ' ’ ’ ' ’ ' ‘ ed nn ofi 176 12 11 16 a a zz fza a r ée w al ci alza f a lz I f fl z zl w a 5. 13 m a
' ' ' ‘ ’ ’ °“ ' 3 a a u I d/1 z a r na a r cf e a 1 612 11207. a n t 6. gf r ag a l Z a /z m w (2 74. COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
E L S S ON XXX . — P R E POS I T I ON S U S E F L PH R AS E E T C . U S ,
Having given a number of prepositions scattered throughout the 1 lessons we will here devote some a ttention to p a rticul ar ones . It must b e remembered tha t the prepositions are capable of combina
ffi : . of tion with the su xes e g. in front me ; with
‘ ‘ 21 l e 772 a f . you , never mind, excuse me We here give s everal prepositions in combinations diff ering from the E nglish usage :
’ b at bfs zi kka r a bzfi zi r ki y, with , in, ; , with sug r ; , in Turkish ; E n (i f/Mm ? in glish , for how much
° 12 corresponds with our have (in sense of possession).
' 722272 : out of windo w ; gi r afyz é near by ; 772232 7 7 ‘ ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ 772220001 w a fi za m z fz a s a bz of since the time fi , one my friends .
‘ ' ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ a n s a a ! a n ask a t ka S an zit /a a r? a n be ab , f er af , seek for g , le
‘ ’ ‘ a s é a n a a a rb a n n z a a to do without ; g , g inst one s will ; g , g inst my wish .
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ' a 1a a l a 756 2 b as a la l emi n 5 , y g ; to the left y , to the
‘ ‘ ‘ ga b a 1a a a ffi za r dm a 1a b right ; , unple s nt, di cult for ; Z , for idden for ;
‘ ‘ ’ ‘ 0 s a lz l a l a a a lelé a a a 1a 26 22112 , e sy for , sh me upon you, for sh me
‘ ’ ‘ 2211 an a a 1a ke ak a t a a l a b a 1 , in y c se ; f , your ple sure y he rt
‘ ’ ‘ 1a z a m a a a a as I . , ccording to my ide s , think
’ ’ As regards Con dzl zona l S enl en ces a distinction must b e m ade in
rab b a a n R a a A ic etween re l d unreal conditions . e l condition l sen
’ t en ces are introduced by z z a or 232 with the perfect o r the present ’ a t a a b l a a z z a o r 172 a unre l (hypo hetic l) condition l sentences y , (neg ” ’ ’ - a i olz 1a u l a a a . . 2z a . zi f tive lw ys with following perfect : e g f , " 2211012 1a 22 M u te £22722? 221111012 9 , if you see him , tell him ; 0 , if
' ’ I had a 1a 22 t /z kun l zlrf a z éf seen him , I should h ve told him am , g , see be a a : if you were to him , you would stonished neg tively ” 0 ' ‘’ I a n - l a 272 15222210 ma kzZn/zlr
1 S ee a o th c o t o o t o d f thi s ss on ls e llec i n of prep s i i ns a t the en o le . P R E P OS I TIONS 75
E xe r c i s e .
' ‘ " 7 106 621222 1012 a nda k a r 6a a 222 s ai lagzl a 1a 75212 . 9
‘ ’ ’ 9 ’ ’ ‘ l ek a r d612 0120211022 a a a l a 22 3 a . a . (pl . of 0 , pi stre) , a
’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ' k é l n a 6 21 n ? 3 f 12 a n a a i u zfs fi a z 222 i 603 . z a mz i Iz s a safi r 02226212 0 . f g
” ' ’ 6a ; r01 222222 l a u s c z r t w r /2 212 6 222215 52 1 1? , y y 23 , 1 6
‘ ‘ ’ ’ ” ‘ ‘ a 2 2z s zkket ma " ? l a §a 66 n i r fi a l a ma? ” f z y (of course) af (perfectly , ” 6 21 6212 1022 m mi d a i n 922 226 121221 a . a 222 ex ctly) y (fro , w nt) =1
” ’ ’ 2 00 21 dz 116 22 11222a 2 22 226 a a 2 20 622 1 b b of a . ( 7 , ccomp ny) 2 0 (su ur C iro) ’ ’ ‘ ‘ t a a 2023272222 a o r a s ( o e ch of us) f aaa . ( rrive)f g ’ " f u l n 2227 22 20222 r a o a z a. 20 (top f the mount in). g 9 f
‘ ’ ’ ‘ 6 0216 221 2 55 2221621112222 621 a r a 61. 0112192122 d a s a 6 0112 1 222 222 2 3 627
’ ‘ difii cult m r a 02 22 a 1202 2222122 6 21222 122360 20 ( y). y (from 0 , re d) 23 .
P PH A E T C R E P S I T I ON S N N CTI O S R S E S . O , CO JU N , ,
I t is true tha t we h ave given a considerable number of these in
but a the course of the lessons , we deem it expedient to ppend a longer list here ; an d we recommend the student to form a s
a as b of an d m ny senten ces possi le involving the use them , thus to
a a g in f cility in applying them .
‘ ‘ a 1a a l a a ab 1 a a , , upon , over, g inst, to, out ; the is often ssimil ted
‘
a a s a a : e . . a 1a to the following conson nt, in the c se of the rticle g
’ ‘ ' 1 a r i 1 0 a a a 2 a 602 0 ab . f , on the sof 1 , on the t le
‘ ’ ‘ a n ab a a : r a a w afi a 22 01607 w as , of, out, th n , inste d , he going a a 22 w y from the house (i . e . without h aving entered it) The is
b b a ffi b a : a n nak & c . dou led efore su x eginning with vowel ,
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ” a na at a 06 02 an d 012a6 2222 at a 222222 , , ne r , with , 1 , the doctor s ; g
9 ‘ ’ ’ ’ 022210 2122222206 a 0022a 21 d e 01202 8072 022010 , he c me from his uncle s ) ° ‘ ’ ' ’ 12 a 22d el za kf m l , go to the doctor s .
‘ ’ ‘ ’ ”
6a a a : 6a a s 02201022 a a . , fter (time) , fter two ye rs ’ ‘ ° 7 6a 1a : 6a 1a f a a 6 2 02122 222222 202 without , in v in , gr tis , 53 ,
' are more common than 6a 1a
’ ' 6a r r a , outside .
6022 b : 603212056032 b an d b , etween etween me etween some
“ ‘ 6022 016 222 3 2 2006022 01/a r a 602 0 b a and one else , etween the ch ir the table . 76 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
b at fi 61 6 a 6a6 . 616 y, with , ; with the suf xes ( fy ); , fem
' “
606 . 616a 612221 6216 22 222 6216 22222 . , fem ; , ,
6221211 a . , inste d of, for
‘ ‘
z : f a 16 . 162 16 . 16 21 12za f , in with su fixesf gy f , fem f f , fem f ; f ,
16 22222 16 22222 a l . f , f with rticle fi
16 t are 22227 are . f , there is , here there is not , there not
‘ ‘ a on ab a : o 222122 ab a a 22 f g, , upon , ove , upst irs , over f q , ove ; f g , ‘
a ab . . o 0§§a a r c11 2107 higher th n from ove e g f g g , over ' " 222222 0 ei i a a r a ab these trees f g g , from ove the tree .
a 2z6 a m6 b . g (pronounced g ), eside
2120a . g , inside
’ '' ” ” 6 a20211022 ab : b ffi 6 az02210 6 a 22202110 , round out efore su xes ( ,
212 2 a 6 2g, extern lly .
11121 , except.
a 61 b . g , efore (time) ’ ’
uaa 21222 b a . g , efore (pl ce) ’ a ygaa g , opposite .
ér g , except, with the exception of. 7 7 a 121 0 005222 a sign of d tive , to , for ; 6 , to the serv nt ; with the
ffi 11 Za k 172 12221 1216 22222 1216 22 222 . 2 106 1216 21 1 su xes , fem ; , fem . ; , , ’ a ‘ a : 11 601 a a (these forms lso do duty for our verb h ve , I h ve
house); until .
" ‘ ‘ ‘ 22222 a 222a : t ffi 222121221 2222 a 6 a n d , with wi h su xes 3 , ,
f ma 22 21126 so 2 S . orth , in pite of
222222 of a b 22 a a a , from , out , th n , since dou les its in m nner simil r
‘ a a 1 a to n (q . lso its 22 a ssimilates itself like the of the rticle ‘ ’
. mzkrd a 26 222021 five e g . ( , since o clock .
220 20 a 112221 20 6 , tow rds (direction) 19 .
‘
1a 6 b . , elonging to
l a l a a : 1a 1 6 , under, underne th , downst irs 6 , from under ; 20162109~ 016 2116 222222 1061 an d the dog looked out from under
a the sof .
2 u 211 : 211 0 0922 all da . 1 , during 1 5 , thro gh the y ° 0 a h b ! 20 (in o t s) y : e . g . the Prophet ’ w a w a /a ay , with ay j , with me .
20212 21 b . , ehind
78 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
To the vill age 11162112121(more frequently the simple accusative) ’ ’ Towards your parents house 010 611 216 116 “ Look at 070 To the left 2 552 22 02
‘ To the right 010 y 0m122
2 21 2 21222006 52 12 Wi a Go to 6, , 12 ( th the ccu s ative) ’ ‘ ‘ Ask a fter s a a l 010 (or 022)
‘ M ake inquiries about 60370 131216602 022 Somethin g smells of “ Swe a r by 6112761 By God ! 6111216 1! By the life of the PrOphet ! 200192211 0222221611
7 da b 61222206 212 61112 1 By y, y night , ‘ ’ At table 0 220 (ga 2z 6) 01102 0612 0 ’ H ave you upon you ? 2
’ ’ ’ ' Amongst E uropeans 0220 01272 1122g Go to some one 2 216 ° In Cairo 6 2 (not common) At the time of f 1 20001 01 Look o ut of window 6210s ? 222122 0612606
0001022 a . 222 For ex mple, e g. ° Love for 2220621660 12 ° For how m uch ? 61621722 2 At the price 61121222022 Two m etres away 61222012 122 At pi a stres 61 012 5 Send for the doctor 22212106 1216 061222 Lift a thing on the t op of some ‘' r21 21 a l 50 thing . 16 g a a In the street fi 16212 0 ’ In the open (country) fi r r gf ,fi 16211a ’ On the roof f og 0ss a 16
‘ ’ At his expen se a la 6 1006 7 ' ' R ely on Some one 17212220 0 a l a S P H R A S E S E TC PREPO ITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, , . 79
I n Arabic Out o f the house Suddenly
' ’ ' Upon this condition 010 55212 1 070
a 22221 Never mind , it does not m tter
’ ‘ If it is so 12 0 6 2122 010 612121
' ° In every case 2110 6 22112 6211
‘ Agree upon 11122700 010 61210 “ M ake a contract with 502 0 1 2021320
‘ Tell about 6 0 60 010
' E nlighten u pon 2 216 6 02 0 10 C all to 22 00 06 11 Desire from 12110 6 222122
' ‘ Prevent from 22221220 022
‘ ' 601 022 21912166 022 Inquire into W , 0/ Del ay something
' Laz y at 12122601 022 (orf 1) ’ ' M b a 21 10 22 022 2 21116 oreover, esides th t f 0
‘ Distingu ish from 222219212 022 Hide oneself from 2121062166 222122 The rel ation ship with 010212 60 222122 Since a long time 222122 2 0222022 ’ L ose one s t emper with 2325102 222122 Distinct from 122 Of the race of 222122 00 6110 01 He belon gs to us S 212 2221222221 Full of 222062 2122 222122 (or with accusative) Reflect upon A b ook a bout
’ Who of you (0221par mz
Parsing is of great u se for obtaining a correct knowledge of W a a . e a few w e gr mm r therefore give sentences , which strongly
a as a as b recommend the stu dent to an lyse with much det il possi le .
’
01611 11062 20 m a . 3 , This house is one of y f ther s houses
(Observe the Arabic rendering of the genitive . ) 80 COLL OQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
' - 106 600021222 I a m sending you a servant of m y ’ uncle s . " ’ 121 221 a z0a a 01 21 0 110 01 2101 are , 0 6 g , 6 00 f 0 , No , Sir, you
wrong, the judge is right .
" ‘ 01 0 0 01022 0 1212 1222 2210 a We are we a 6 00 f , wrong, must p y. ” 6000 2220 21- 221 0 210022206 had his g 6 , After he gone serva nt
c am e to m e . ’ " 102222220 1 0 61222 3 12222 6100 21111 0002122206 6 211 0331661220 6 , 0 6 , , When the
t h a h a a t a n o : . doc or e rd t t , he s id his serv nt Give the k ife
' 006 0122 2 10211 010 The two men went in to the
judge .
‘ ’ “ 603 ; 0120216 10 0 10 1606 2 2000211 01121221: 021222 y d 606161 102 1222220
2202 21 T out s ea and a R 6 , he one looked over the , the other s id ise
O m We o ff . up , h y friend must be
“ t u m 121612 200 211 02 2 013 0112 0 112122 2112 06 a g , 0 , 0 , They c me to the well
a ta a rs and the c p in s id Whoever thirsty drinks .
” ‘ ' 0101106 0161221 102110 20 020 02 21220 21222 0 22 0 T a 0 0 , 0 , he girl s id to him
n I a a a . Come , u cle , w nt neckl ce 1 " ’ 00 01 000 01 2101 62 200 20 200 112 2221226 0 0 22202 0120166 6 0 6 1 6 , He went ’ m a an d a ou t red a into the judge s roo little c me from it in the f ce .
I n the followi n g sentences especi al attention should be p a id to b b the agreement of the ver with its su ject .
‘ ’ 9 16 02 0222 20 6 0 a 22z 01 02222 0 0 202 3 02 0 01 2221222206 032 0 T 0 6 g g 0 3 , he thieves
am a n d h attacked the c p stole t ings from it .
’ ‘ 03 00 0 101 6 0220 1 222206 212 0 z1222 0 T a on 22 6 f gg , he people c me in here
Friday . ‘ 6 620 g211220 22212 301 222122 0220 She c ame to us (as )messenger from o ur sister .
‘ 1 - 22211 u m 0 10 6216 01622312 22 T a a a . 0160 g , he girls c me to the g rden g te
0022 2206 10 16 02222220 211301 01 212223 0 a 1116 0 1 6 6 , He continued pl ying ( , )
v viz . a a until the fi e ( p r s) were finished . ’ 70 1 06 1 0162110 0 121 2101 T of a a £ 0 , he people the vill ge c me to the judge . ‘ 22213 201 02 2 21701 22002122206 2002 06 12 3 0200 111 212221 T t 3 5 0 g , he men wen
a nd . before him , they went together to the mosque CON UN C P H R A E TC 8 PREPOSITIONS, J TIONS, . 1
‘ 2212 1101 0222203 2220321 2 122 0122203 2 6 212006212 T w ho f , he people were a tr velling to C a iro by ste amer came down .
- 9 106 j i g060 20200621216 01222050 26 He lost his w ay in the wood an d h m the sheik s et him . 9 ' 62 116 612 0152 222 220101 122 6 02 00f 022 6 0ga 22z z7 0 106 0 0102 06 610021
6 22 222 21226 06216 0 T a a a a i n a a 4 , he p pers nnounce th t the Bed w tt cked
the cara va n for Kordofan and wanted to plunder it . 60 22 200 121 22203 2 w a s a a a . 6 , There wom n in C iro 6022 3 0210 106 Wh at w as your trade ?
T he following sentences are illustrative of the manner o f expres ’
a a ab . sing so th t , th t in Ar ic
3 122211 1222206 111112 1 6 22 3022 I a a a ou a b u , h ve he rd th t y w nt to y a horse . 12 62216011110103226 222122 3022 222002223 021133150f y z 226 23 22 Bind every
e t th a n n a an d b thing well tog her s o t othi g f lls gets roken . ’ 01103e a000 0106 0103022 0 00 2222111 a a a 6 gg 0 6 , Pl ce c rpet upon it so b th at I m ay sit comforta ly .
' 16 112 13 22 122 2220 23 2 1 2111220 50 a a a o n e a y 0 , T ke c re th t no ste ls
n anythi g from us . " 0610 62111 50012 60106 0 10 222 06 2122 60012 0 0 , Before every
I a thing b e careful th at all s re dy .
0222 2221222206 1062 - 112 10 222 222122 3022 6 2230221 I bu 0 , would like you to y m e h arness for my horse .
For the sake of completeness w e here give a f ew every - day
a an d t phr ses gree ings .
GREE TINGS .
‘ 033 010222 0106 ( 0106 22222) Pea ce be upon thee (you)! ( 0106 22222) 0330 10222 And upon you be peace ! 3 0 606 621602 Good morning !
' y 23 0 66060 6 (0 1106 ) 611602 M ay (God) grant thee a good morn in g ! 2206 02 06 3 010 M ay thy day be fortunate (Good day !) 220602 06 22222602 06 M ay thy day be blessed !
G 82 COLL OQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ 22213 0 1602 Good evening 101106 3 0100 Good night 22202 6060 (or 06 1022 200 3 06 10 22) Welcome
22202 6 0 601022 Ans . Twice welcome
HEALTH .
’ r’ 60106 2 . How do you do ?
2 m 0220 102316 61602 I a perfectly well . 2009 0106 60106 ) 2 2 2}2 0 6 20016 22222 R An d how a re your family
ILLNESS .
022 006 0P What h ave you ‘ ’ 6 6 2 a was a u 022 02200 0. Wh t the m tter with yo P
‘ ' 61127 0 222 2 03 1 I a a a a g h ve he d che .
‘ 06 0355222201 0 2 0222122 200 1022 1 M e e a m e ( 6 ) g y left (right) y p ins . 6 I a a 0220 22202 21222 h ve cold .
0 22206 21 I am a 022 6 6 ho rse .
61127 a 22 1 I a a g h ve tooth che .
122 006 121 061222 222122 - 12 a a m a 6 , C ll the doctor, th t he y pull
00122 3 012221 0 0 ou t 2 30 20 3 the hollow tooth .
00222 602 0 h a I a au 6 (cold as t ken me) h ve c ght cold .
“ ' 2 0 0 612 61122 0222 I a a a m 9 g h ve p in in y neck .
033070 621 0 2 1122? I am b 2 trou led by a cough .
‘ ' 62122 0 22 2 601222 I a a a m a g h ve p in in y stom ch .
61 2220 03 I a 3 h ve colic .
1 20 1 2220 I 23 216 feel ill .
7 022202 200 10 6100200 b n e 6 Prescri e medicine for some o .
016 0 61222 The doctor is visiting me .
022 0 22206 222 222 I 21 have fever .
Get well .
22212 11 0 t b Ge e . 2 , ill, ill
VV E A T H E R .
016 0200 a a air We ther, clim te , .
a World , we ther . P R E P OS I TI ON S H , J E TC. 8 CON UNCTIONS, P RASES, 3
a It is good we ther .
a It is bad we ther .
It is quite still . (There is not a b a re th of wind . ) 033 02220 S ea The ky is cl r.
000 2 1 a 09 0 02112220 It is d rk .
000 21221 0 50602 0 It is cloudy .
6 21 R a a 03 222 21 022220102 (012220102 ) in is f lling .
01 2 1 1 0 0 60 2 0 1 It is very hot . 0 I h t 22 0 6 0 2 2 022 feel o . ‘ I 0220 02 9022 am perspiring .
0 1 2 1 A 6 163 2 1 30200 9 storm is coming .
602 6222 21 L n . 9, pl . 9 ightni g
02 2 00 Thunder .
611 62 22 n and 21 9 It is lightni g thundering .
000 2 20 602 0 2123 It is cold .
6 212 66 2 1 330010 a b 0 6 There is strong wind lowing.
1 613090 01602 0 0 It is hailing . ’ 0222206 02 00 613 12 a l1a z - da g It is free ing to y.
006 01 0 10 has a g 1 It th wed . 016 0200 222221550 9202 222122 321 0 1130 0 The weather is ch anging from
hour to hour . 5 22032 01200 1 h as U 0 6 The mud dried p.
02222 0 02 01 a 1 f The r in is over . ' 022220102 222 03 a y 9 The r in is stopping . A D I G M AT T E R R E N .
I i k fit . . H ay
I S T OR E S .
’ ' - 21 F rom Spitt a B ey s 02 0222 2220116 003 02 0 61306 022 V221g02 020106 103 10 10001022 .
1 6022 2 212 19 61200100 (There) w as (a) m an he w as blessed with (a) child
2 200 r 1 - 606 fi 6 . an d t i he rejoiced a t .
3 ' 6022 00 21i1 2 1- 222 0 0 61 06 y 0 106 6 .
He w as wishing he buys for him (a) cradle . He went
’
- 112006 20 .nagg02 20000 106 22203 0 1022 to a c arpenter an d gave him for example (a) dollar
1 201 01- 106 2 2 2114 2 2220 0 9 6 . an d a : M a m a him s id to him ke e (a) cradle . S id to
’ ‘ 22- 22 0gg02 22 06 02 01g21222 0 10010 the carpen ter Good ! d ay of the week (Friday) come
‘ 201600 0122206 0 y 022 1 60 01 102220221 2320222 and a a a s a a t a t ke the cr dle , th t is to y f er eight d ys,
' 2206 02 0172120 6022 016022213 . 5 0 02 2 0g21 2 06 106 a it w a s Thursday . (On) Frid y the m an went to him
- 6 01 0 222 0 - 201901106 1 06 0. 9 1106
a him and said to him Give (me) the cradle . S id to
’ 2010 2 22220 02 22220gg02 1133 0 222225 60103 . 06602 0 gg
a a t he c arpenter : Y et not re ady. And del yed the c rpenter
86 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAM MAR
' ‘ 11601 6 2211 011010 - 02 a 2j 02z 2 2011 f 09 033221216 you Spend all this night naked quite upon the roofs ?
4 ' 91012 1 0210 222 0106
A c an u I S a ou nd if you (co ld), will how f vour (upon) y
’ 6 2 0 0622 - 22222003 6160g0 212002313 .
b a a him Abfi - N u wfis with (some)thing e utiful . Then s id to
5 0 222 0 2220126 03 3 0000 0 002 202 220 122 6 220 y 9 . 0 9
Of I an 0 c . A Yes , King good fortune , nd in his time
f 09 033 221216 2012220000 6 2211 011010 he went up upon the roofs an d p assed all the night
‘ ’ 1 ’ ‘ 2 2 0 2 022 1602 0 20022220 02 0 . 2 0 0 02 2022 3 fi 1 3 . 6 3 naked in the cold and the rain . He cried o ut Ah n aked
’ 1 1 2 03 2220 202102106 2122222206 . 10222
a s bore hi m his mother . And the next (second) day
6 0222206 02 201371 1213 06606 when rose the day and he c ame he wishes Good morning
‘ 012220126 30 0106 72220116 02 0 101106 6022 01 , }
n a him : H o w wa s S to the ki g, sked the king thy night he ,
7 0622 - 22222003 22 6 602201 2 01 _y fi g0 60 60
0 Ahti - N uwfis ? And he a nswered him It was cold
90201 60113 2001211 01101 very very an d the (whole) length Of the night I Spen t
0 2 12115. 012220116 6090
I A n d him shiver . a sked the king Then you did
° 8 ‘ ' 2220000f 0152 010 60g0 20110 521f 125 not warm yourself Over (any) thing : an d not h ave you seen
20110 22212 20110 60g0 060 0022 a n d not light an d not anything a t all (never)?
‘ 522f 1 0 10 222000 0 0550f A n d he said to him : I s aw in the distance O f the view ‘ ANECDOTE OF A B U- NUWA S 87
22212 9022011 2 01 001/ f 1901106 6090 i light lamp Oil feeble . And said to h m the ki n g : Then
’ 9 000f 01 20010 113106 09915 you have warmed yourself over i t and not do you deserve
0210222 20 1 0r a 0612 4 222 2003 22211600002 01 0112 13 f 6 g 6 .
- a . Ah N u w fis b i n S t f vour Then went out a trou led pi ri .
20160016 0 6160222 y 0222 00 6602 106 And here a fter in some days he a rranged for himself a piece
20102 2 1222 012220116 200602201
Of cunning and invited the king to dinner an d w as
' ’ 0102 212220 fi 16010 f 1102222220 g0 20091 01061
a A n d a of the b nquet in the Open . when c me the time the meal
’ 2006022 012220116 ga 0 22 f 13001 0 6224 2222003 a n d w as the king hun gry a nd asked Aba- N uwé s
01061? 901106 60012 6 0 222022 W ? a him R a S here i s the dinner He s id to e dy, till
' ’ ’ 1 1300 106 106 2 0 102222220 y 23 12201 01106 6. f a b a A a moment until ecomes re dy the cooking . nd sked
012220126 10221 22202 2 0 20110111 22202 2 0 2006022 him a an d a an d w as the king second time third time ,
01200 1 222110 02 600 3 9 66 010 2 .
a a f a t A the time del ying ter the f ernoon . nd hungered
012220116 90201 f 16022 0621 22 222003 the king very much ; an d w as Of Abu- N u wfis
10 0110 61 11330 22203102005 v a a : T ff a lw ys he cooked stu not yet is re dy,
' 6 0 11 16 012220126 201 01106 222011 033 0 00 . f 0gg 9 f A an d a him king o good fortune . nd wondered the king s id to
’ 2002 2 1221 02222220 0521f 10 116 0002
m e S h a I w h t Show this cookery, O t t see y un il 88 COLLOQ UIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
01 1 310 05 01106 12 06 22 2 20091 2220 20 . 9 1 20 222
w a t him n o it is not re ady . He s id o Good And they went
6 2211216 22 222 3 0200 116 0001 222012 06 all Of them together to the place Of the cooking
’ f 0l09a 12220116 0222202 02 0 an d fi re o n an d w as a found the king the the ground , stonished
201901106 a n d said to him Where (are) the pots a nd p ans
? ‘ 200110 616 2 0 106 an d wh a t is being cooked ? A n d he answered back to him
2220116 0330000 6 2233
n Of ki g good fortune, look up there ,
121916 22222 1 3 3 10906 22222 ! A you will find them nd he looked he found them ,
f 090llo6 6090
u ab A a him hung p ove in the trees . nd he s id to Now ,
' ' ’ y 0 2220g22 2122 02 0y y 23 12201 20016 0101 f 1330g02
O how et an d fool , will it g done the kettles in the trees
‘ ’ ’ 2011222202 0 102 02 0621 22222003 an d the fi re On the ground ? And answered him Aba- N u wfis
20102 0} 222122 0190 22011 0111 And h ow h ave I w armed myself from the l amp which
11 222122 10 9 a m a 60 . f 603 1 012220116 I s aw (it) from a fa r ? And w as delighted the king
‘ 12 20022201 010 2 216 06 0166 an d died over hi s spi ri t l aughter an d those
’ 3 3 0 612 2 20160016 0
t him A n wi h 0 kirr . d a fterwards
’ 0611 10221
a a a c a me l se ond ( nother).
90 COLLOQ UIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
02 2 0g11 22209002 } 61001
a him the m an a n I a S id to I c n ot ( ) p y you , I wish
2 2220032122 .
I rem ain to you debtor .
‘ 0212 1 02 212 6061606
a m an a w nting he visits his friend ,
1 y 002199 01606 106122 a n d a c at bu t he rem ined (he knocks) kno king ( ) the door,
" i 0 2 1 6022 J m/1116 3 016 6 . 016023122 22206 0001 w a w as opened the door . I t seems no on e s
222122 60100 6 0112
a a a from vill ge dist nt very ,
‘ 2006033060 60 1 116 022209 20060106 6 022202 010 an d on this a ccount he go t a ngry and wrote donkey on
611 606 01 . the door of the house .
600 60222 1 0222 0 3 06 16 01601
a m et a o f After some d ys he the m ster the house,
61226 22222 2220602002 0 f090 012006 10 and was b n v a an d a one there etwee them con ers tion , s id the
’ 6 212210 022006 y 1690 60222 y é m 2002220 6 2122111
w as at a a o a an d not t a I your pl ce g some d ys , hou w st
’ ’ 1601 fi . in the house .
6 6 0 f 0g022606 01060 2 0 2200 022 1 0 .
a n him w as s o . Then swered the other, yes , it
“ 2 ‘ f ’ 222122 022 6012 2 0f 122221 6 212210 022 006 . From where do you know th at I w as at your house ? SH OR T A NE CD OTE S gr
6 0 1061 23 22206 f 09 01606 .
Y ou wrote your name over the door .
‘’
6022 0 11 .30 112 60 10 11 6 . 2 1 20 0 0 1 4 g f 1 2 .
w as a m an s aw a a n There he gr ve lo g very .
’ f 03 00 1 011212 60 011020110 And he asked : T o whom (whose is) the grave the long
1 ’ 01P f 090121106 1016012 09002 f 030 0 1
a him a - b this ? And they s id to to the stand rd earer . And a sked
' 2 ’ ’ 0 0 21 00 0 22216 200 10 16022 0 r 2 2 g f 3 9 . the m an they buried him with the fl ag
6022 2 0g11 60106 222061216 116061606 was a m an a There he wrote letter to his friend ,
200901 116000022206 600 01222061216 00 20060006 and a a a and a he s id to his serv nt t ke the letter this , t ke it
[00220 0160 200g0 0
a - and- so to the gentlem n S o .
‘ 2 1g1 0160000222 600 C ame back the servant a fter
0 1 , 030 01 0160200g0 And asked the gentlema n [subject to the verb]
01g0 2006 1102200 6 06161? the letter to my friend ?
02200 0 01 60 06 .
Yes , I took it .
1 3 0 110 22210106 9 D id you give it to him ?
1010606 200106122
a He dem nded it, but
0 100152 2 3 060 6 P For wh at rea son 92 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARA BIC GRAMMA R
772
Y ou a a n ot m e s id to me , t ke it , but you did tell
’ 3 30110 2220106 0600106 2002002 2 010106 Give it him I took it and showed it to him
‘ 02 6 1 e 10221 20 0gg0 10 222 0y . n m a a d brought it back with e ga in .
’ 4 60110106 y 192 06 r 10 Y ou let him he re ads it ? N o
01 0 0 a 01 16 6 20 g 6 .
The gentleman laughed .
2220 011 6 P 9 0 1 60g0 . D id he not say to you nything ?
’ ‘’ 01200 90111 6022202 106122 2220 fi 6 22221213 ’ a not a Yes , he s id to me Ass , but I did underst nd
’ ’ ’ 12 0 0106 111 0 1106 9 0 .
a for m e or for if he s id it you .
S TOR Y or T H E PR I NCE I N L OVE .
’ F r om tta - B 22 0 2 6 1 8 S e s 0 1 3 0 03 22200 2 03 L d n . E B r 8 . 0 0 0 22 e . . pi y ey J ill , 3
1 2 f16 2006 00 10 60116 601 20010 w as a woman (who) neither conceived nor
5 111010601 22212 2 06616 0 brought forth . she petitioned (from) h er God
7 61221 2001022 1022201 an d s aid a daughter even if she dies
8 22212 2 16 01 016111022 022201 6 16101 2002011001 . 9
N w n a n d b from the smell of linen . o she co ceived ore
‘ 0161221 102222220 6 62 01 60 0 222222 06 0 . 1 9 the gi rl When she grew up (and) n ow her age
COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ ' 200001221 y 02222220 fi 12220 01112220 1
a her L a m e 0 ! she s id to e d , mother, to the mistress
’ 90101- 106 0 022 6 12 She s aid to her The mistress which ? She s aid to her
16 1 111 016111022 0101- 10 0 6122 11 222 0 2221 . 9 60 y
r The mistress of linen. She sa id to he Oh my daughter
17 0101- 1 0 9 06 0 1 2220222011 . h a a S a e r n . . ot fterw rds you will die he s id to No , I will die
‘ 18 0 220 0 1 601 6 1 01611022 .
h r h r Sent e e mother to the mistress o f the linen .
’ 19 0 100 1022 00 16 110 0 0 011 9 00 fi 1 22 . 9 222 1 006 0
S w a s a N ow he ( ) sitting she cle ns (in) the linen . entered
2 ° 90110120 222122 016 211022 fi 3 60660 6022 a thread from the linen into h er finger between the flesh
’ ’ 0 ” ‘ 16 fi 102 0. 9 1 0 0 0
n d a S . a ab h er a the n il . he fell to the ground They s id out
2220101. 6210 112 122 22222206 0 2006216 0
h n h r a S h as . er a d e he died They sent to mother f ther,
90121- 16 22222 6122106 22222
a : a a a a they s id to them Come ye ; t ke w y your d ughter ,
0 621 22 22222206 0 2002203 222 101. 0 20
h r a an d h r an d she has died . Went e f ther e mother people
‘ 2 1 ' ' 202 06 0 0 11022 2 222216 0 022201 ef a dz e 9 y 01 . 9 g h N ow a with er in order to they bury her. the old wom n
" ‘ 90101006 22 222 122122 2203 9002 122 222223 06 s aid to them Y o u are people rich not shame
‘ 0106 22 1201122216 0 1061 0102 00 upon you a you a re going to (you) bury her under the e arth
’ ’ “ fi 11222 06 P 162221- 16 0 3 02 0320 f 1 2003 1 01606 2 in the dust ? Build for her a p ala ce in middle of the ri ver
3 Are you n ot a sham ed to STOR Y OF TH E PRINCE IN LOVE 95
2 3 0 2006211102220 1112006 60522 106 0 102 216 12 103 2 6 901 0. a n d as a s a a fo r he r o often you h ve desire you g you see her .
2 06 0 6216 0 606 0- 16 0 302 030 f 2003 1 We n t he r father built for her a pal a ce in the middle
‘ ‘ 0 10 01022202010 022201- 160
o n a a fo r he r pill rs , he m de
’ 161221 6 011216 0 g21200
a a a a h r inside it . And they c rried w y the girl l id e in
’ ’ 3 3 02 2 2 0 2 0 1 gz1200 3 30 3 0 20 222139 0 222 .
bed a a an d he r a nd a a the , inside the p l ce left went w y .
2 06 01 0100212 0 012220116 90101- 106 Went the old wom an to the son of the king she said to him
’ 2 216 12176 0 6 620 3 302 0ye f 1 2003 1 Go ! See her ! She (is) in the p alace in the middle
2 ‘ 01606 2 1622 012220116 0 0 0 0 1 . 6 120 2 2
f n f o the river . Then the so o the king took the vi z ier
' 2002 06 2001110 022 0160
(with him) an d went a n d went up to he r
0 42 101320 1 He found h er he weeps
’ 0 10 211 1 0m01 203 9 fi g . an d a b a he s ys concerning (her) e uty .
22203 166 0 61901116
her He took hold of her , he turned (in every direction).
2 5 90222 22213 16 632 2 122 16 0 N ow he c aught hold of her h a n d he shows it
205209211 121 02 032
an d a : how he s ys See , slight (how slight
5 ‘ 90222 111090 790310320 6010 016111022 they a re ) ! N ow he found the thre a d from the linen 96 COLLOQUI AL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
200110 2222 21222 1 , 9 2201056 0 b a an d n ow out etween the n il the flesh , he took it
‘ 2 6 20010 1106 0 (205101106 60) 92122201 01612210 921100 0 10 6 016 0 an N d m ade it come out . ow the girl sitting upright
’ 921101- 106 0220 f 022 2 901- 106 0 12211 said to him I (am ) where He sa id to her Y ou are
21 061601 5 y 6 9016 . 6006 0
0 m h r loved one of y he art . He took e
1 ’ " 205220 222 200 060 3 302 12 222 1 fi _y0 an d slept with h er in the bed forty days
’ 2212 11 10121 12002 12
He went down downstairs he found the vi z ier
613 102222216 .
a for out w iting him . They went
’ ' 02? 0 2 122 02 2 0 116 22222 01200 20 03222 . 1g0220220. 9 6 2 9 9 d M t an a . the ga rden . e them the rose the j smine The son
° 012220116 901 1212002 12 62110 6 012002 00 of the king said to the viz ier do you remember the rose
200 5203 2 2122 2 0321 60yc10 3 1112262122 and the j asmine ( are) like the whiteness of Sittukan
C 0 0 22 20 12002 0 2 030 6 02106 0. an d the rose (is) like her cheeks .
27 y 21 2 211 222216 2122
' If you will not be angry with me (I sh a ll s tay wi th her)
2001022 6 0222022 10101
u a even though it be b t three d ys more .
90 10101 2212 21
He went up sitting with her three d ays . He c ame down
0222152 01 0 12 21610106 20 20 20 2 . 9 an d a n z him w lked a d the vi ier . Met
98 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
‘ ’ 102220 11926 J? 2 2 2g01 not u w as for If yo r love ( ) men ,
" 2220 6 7 1 0 2222113 2002 0 6 6 22 .
u not yo were you place yourself behind the doors .
3° 5 20 205 20 022201 6 10 10222206 22 31. 9 23
A n d a b her an d N ow he p ssed y continued walking . she
3‘ 3‘ ' ’ 205222133101 g21200 1g0220220 got in to a passion and went into the garden
2110 01 0 0- 9 6 11222. 01 616
f a N ow t a w as of she ound ring. ( h t ) the ring kingdom
000601 901- 106 0 bb She ru ed the ring . it (the ring) said to her
'Y 1226606 03 101106? R at your comm and what do you desire of m e She said to it
° ’ 011226 302 0310 g022260 302 03101 26 22 01200116 ’ I desire a p al ace beside the pal ace of the king s son
“ 3” ’ ’ 200106 1122 2 a 22z01 06 3 022 222122 0m0lz g g .
an d you give me be a uty better th an my beauty . She looked
’ 1110901 2 2166 0 gt1200 g022260 she found herself (her spirit) inside the palace beside
3 02 101 012220716 022201 01101 222122 03 . 9 1 ’ a a n N ow ut of the p l ce of the king s so . she looked o
011160 90222 ’
aw her h e . the window . S the king s son loved her He went
11122222206 y 02222220 2220 02201616
an d a her O ! a to his mother s id to h mother , h ve you not
60g0 611200 6 130 112000016 0 0 113 3111 so methi n g beautiful you take it (as) a present to the l ady
a ’ i o om on r n r tu o f h h he w a s h s o r f t . e . S s b e c t e e e n o s r s . l i g, y vi w i v ig pi i STOR Y OF TH E PRINCE I N LOVE 99
“ ' 0712 ga t g022261220 02 201109011 16 0 2152 0222012 1 who has come beside us (this) and you tell her : M arry
’ ‘ ' 16221P 90101- 106 02202 10901022 903 06 my s on ? She s aid to him I h ave tw o pieces of brocade
222122 622121 0122222121 901- 106 0
b n n of . a to : from the elo gi gs the kings He s id her Good ,
’ ‘
2000016 0 er 06 e1 2122222206 022016 0. . f
a h take it . Then went his mother to her . She s id to er
" ’ y 0 61221? 196011 76 00131002 16221 O ! a h my d ughter, Accept this present my son wishes
' ' 22 2 26 0222 22 29 00 01 y 21g0 20 2 . 9 01 0161 1 220 6
a u a . a a he m rries yo . The girl c lled to the (fem le) sl ve
001 616 22222
a : a she s id to her T ke , cut in pieces these , wipe with them
’ 0 22 0 22 1611. f 0 12 11 222222 ’
f son . the house . Then went a way the mother o the king s
- 9 0 906 1 116 0 y 02222221.
a her he a t o ou at Oh ! ? He s id to S s id y wh , my mother
90101- 106 001 2203 9002 122 60022 222122221 She s aid to him these are people rich they took from m e
’ ‘ ‘ 19030 6 0 22201216 2220 222306 0 6010 01601. the brocade they m a de of it r ags for use in the house .
‘ 33 - 6 2220 901106 0 f 1 02 02 3 0222 .
a her U O ! . He s id to nder your protection , h mother
9 2220 60222022 6090 0 11200 0016 0 . H ave you not still something expensive you take to her ?
‘ ° 906 1- 106 0220 2220 022015 1110 21900 2 22 222212 2 220
S a him a a a a he s id to I h ve not except neckl ce (of)emer lds ,
1 06 1 2 06 1 0 12 0 01- 106 0 3 131 1 0 6 01f g 2 6 . 9
er it is worth four thous an d gui n e as . He said to h
H 2 ' I OO COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIA N ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ f 02 0601
a . . Good , t ke it (to her) Then she went she went up to her
90701- 106 0 76003120 920 612211
S a her O a he s id to Accept the gift, h my d ughter , my son
( A ) ‘ 0 22 916111
h r a wishes he m arries you . She s aid to e I have ccepted
1 22 006 21 e 01 - 016 00230 y 0 3 1111. 0 01 1 g02y 9 01 106 0
O a S a a h r ! . a e the gift , h my l dy he c lled to the sl ve ; she s id to
> ’ 01602220222 6 01 200110 11330 2 901014 06 0 1g02y 0 the pigeons h ave e a ten o r not yet ? S aid to her the sl ave
3‘ 13 30 0 1 0101—106 0 001 1 1 y 3111. 9 6 f 02 2 01 S a not O ! a . a : a a yet , h my l dy he s id to her T ke, sep r te
' ° 0121900 02 111602220222
a nd at h this neckl ce a give it to the pigeons (th ) t ey eat it .
’ 9022201 2122222206 2 2 1101 200901014 06 0 N ow his mother grew angry an d s aid to he r
50 111611221 21 6 11 11- 11 6 11 5 y 122 . 921 12 0 2122
a O a are h ve conquered me , h my d ughter Tell me if you
Q A 0 222 0 12190 222022 16 200110 906 1- 106 0 12 0 6022
a him r D willing you m rry o O. She s aid to her if it was
0490222012 06 11601116 y 0mfl you wish I m arry him le t him he makes (pretend to be)
35 ’ ' ' 22209221 20016 0111221 f 1 3 0606 1 26f 022 2001010fifi 6 dea d a n d wrap him Up in seven shrouds an d lead him round
V 36 016010 0 200192111 11222203 22200912221 the town an d say to the people they do n ot bury him except
90101- 106 0 1023216 0220 0921 - 106 y 0
. S a : O in this house he s id to her Good, I will tell him , h
’ 2211 fl kfl 0 01- 22222206 12 0 61 . fi 9 1 106 21 him : I my d aughter . She went down . Told his mother f
a l mA p xg é f n A N A 102 : c f w g p ARABIC GR MMAR
911302 0310 601061 0161221 into the p alace belonging to the girl ; and they left him
' 0 022006 01101 2221222206 20 2212 122222 . 6
S a him him and went a way . he c me in to loosed from
‘ 0212022 1 6010 22 0106 him the first shroud up to the seventh , upon
20090101- 106 an d s aid to him
’ fi 2222223202122 If not your love (was) for the women
2220 6022111 fi 10606 1 not you were you a re enshrouded in seven
’ 42 ’ - 06 0 21 0 11 f 0222 0000 90222 9011 6 20 122 . 9 Now he s aid to her he (is it) you ? He bit
01006 200 0 0 022222 20 10 600 9 . 9 03 .
a ff a n a . tore it o . And they rem ined with o e nother
T OR Y OF H E R Y E E H I S T H M S T R A N D S S ON .
’ F r om S tt a - B 2210 02 0601 2 20002 2203 pi ey s 00 3 .
‘ ” 6022 f 16 2006 10 g0 001 There was a rhymester
f 0616101 2221222206 200001 90222 a nd him N w she conceived by and went she brings forth . o
' 2220 10901 f 22 1213 022006 0 10 1022 not he found money in his possession in order to
2 1- 6 0 21g 0 . a a of her an d i he t kes c re he g ves to the nurse her fee .
I n an er g . ' S TOR Y OF TH E R H YM E S TE R AND H I S SON “103
20090222 901
A A a am nd he worried (over it). nd now he s id I going
60 222301022 0611
I beg for myself two five - para pieces I give to the nurse
' 2 602223 0 200g16126 12211 6022230 10g16166 0 fi ve an d I give you you five you get brought for it
’ 1 6 0 0222 11 1 010 0 f 0r 6a 0 116 . f 1 fi 6
a hen you eat it. Then he went into the country he found
0 222223 66 0 211 0 f 0r 6a 9 09 011011. 9 222 1 09
n her a hen sleeping o the mound . Now he took he found
" 10 1 6 0 000 0 1 z 01 6 1 6 . 6 1 f 9
r n . a under he a egg . He put the hen in (his) pocket He s id
° ’ ' 022222102 06 002 1f 02 60 02 I am going I give this hen to the wife she will eat it
3 20061 016000 616022210 20061160 and I sh all sell the egg for five (p aras) an d I shall give it
'
1 0 - 1200 0. 0222 06106 20 6 10 a 6 z10z 01106 03 9 9 j . 9
a ew a him a ' to the nurse . Now met him J . He s id to
’ 121112 1 016000 012 901106 0 22006 2221226 0 Will you buy this egg ? He said to him : H ave yo u of them
? ° 6 0112 2 02
(it) m any ? He s aid t o him Buy this one an d when
10610 62162 0 ag16l a 6
a an e - I u her l ys gg the hen to morrow give yo egg.
4 610102 0 222066216 901106 a : ! f h him He s id to him Good o r ten m a boubs . He s aid to
122003101 - 106 M ay God Open ; until he obtained from him
i r e . h h m ter a d . t e es s o th e ew y i t J . 10 E GYP TI A N 4. COLLOQUIAL ARABIC GRAMMAR
' fi 60ss 2606 1610- 106 222066216 a him w m ahb oub s and he gained it . Gave the Je the twenty
0 200901- 106 10010 2002 2 122? 60106 0690 621112
and a h s id to him Come , s ow me your house then every
’ y 0222 0g? 0600 016000 200611106 01062 122 day I come I t ake the egg a n d I give you the twenty
’ ‘ ’
2220 6216 0 00 01 e 001 2002 2 0 106 1601. 6 . f 6 g
hb . m a oubs . Then took the rhymester showed him the house
112222 0106 112 06 200106 2220 And he went he bought for his wife hens an d meat
’ ' “ a r a 001- 1060 2 f 6 . 20 9 21
an d ga ve her the hen . And he said to her Take care
0 ‘ 1106061 10610 6000 621112 y om ’ you (don t) kill this hen it lays an egg every day
7 8 220616 60 11 206 2101 60062 122 2220 6216 011 6 6 . f1
it h w f r h u we sell to the Je o twenty m a bo b s . Continued
26 022002 20220 fi rm y 0600 2221226 22 222 the Jew every day he takes from them the egg
20 20 116 0222 2220 6 6160 5 6 6621 .
and m ahb b a a he gives them the twenty ou s . Bec me we lthy
‘ ’ ' 01g000z 2006090 022006 22201 6 0112 2006 102 0 the rhymester and n ow he has means much an d he b ought
9 1° 57232002 200061 - 106
slave - girls an d slaves an d opened for himself a shop
' ’ 20060 0 10 22 $ 612 102222220 61612 622 9 g 0 . 1 06
a d - n became a m erchan t well known . When grew up his son
‘ ‘ 602201- 106 6 221106 010 012222220106 200g02220 f 16 he built him a s chool at his ow n expense an d collected i n it
a Tha t i s : H e m a de the Jew bid u p to twenty m ahboubs and then concluded th e b argai n ( see n ote on b ‘ ’ t the e i gg.
1 06 COLL OQUIAL EG YPTI AN ARABIC GRAMMAR
0111 y 06 2116 0 01106 6012206 2001011066 0 of him who eats it I will open his belly and draw it out
0 2221222206 . 9022201 600016 2221222206 011 02 60 from him . N ow she took (it) from him the hen and cleaned it
’ ‘ 20010606016 0 2001622 01g0 001 g1 222122 and son of cooked it . And the the rhymester came from
’ ’ 016 221106 fi 00226 2 111090 22 22222206 the school at noon he found his mother she takes out
1 0 90 22 01- 106 0 0102 60 200106 011 60 11 33 6 . 9
an o n a a her the hen d she puts it the pl te . He s id to
’ ” ’ ’ 01221 61110 y a 022222211 90101 106 036 221 Give me a morsel Oh my mother 1 She said to him : B e quiet
° 0 3 0 0222 0 01 2122010 2 22222 601 06 20. 9 6 101 9 not b N ow a z z a this does elong to us . he sn tched up the gi rd
‘ 6010 0 06 022201 70 20 222122 1102 60 20 016 0. 9 5 23 b N o a a - elonging to the hen a n d eat it . w sl ve girl from
‘4 ’ 01g222002 90101- 106 y 0 0101 16 206 222122 the female slaves said to him Oh my m aster flee from
— ’ ‘ ° 0160100 02 060022 06 06 2101 y zg1 y 122zs z6 06 206326106 this town otherwise the Jew comes he catches you an d opens
6012206 20 20 00 226 0 0 22 22010 0222 0120010 0 03 6 2221 19 . 9 your belly and takes from it the gi z z ard . N ow the boy
2 1616 0160 10 200x 2 0222 0 106 2101 1 g 00 . 9 6 g
and t awa N ow ew a mounted the mule wen y . the J c me
10106 01102 60 1110906 0 2209110 0192222010.
an z z a dem ded the hen he found it wanting the gi rd .
? 901- 106 0 0192222010 j 022 2 He s aid to her The gi z z ard where ? She s aid to him
0192222010 16221 6016 0 222122 the giz z ard snatched it away m y son he eat it from STOR Y OF TH E RH YMES TER AND H I S SON 107
901- 106 0 102222220 2211106
a a : a w behind me . He s id to her Bring him (here)so th t e Open
" 6012206 2002206006 0 2221222206 0220 0012 122 1210 h his belly and we take it from him ; I am paying m y money
6 22 11 01 22 22010 01 022201 010110 01200100 16 0 9 . 9 9 6 all of it for this gi z z ard . N o w she said to him the boy
6 02 0 0222 0 206 2101 0 12 2002 06 6 . 9 13 02 N w w has fled . o the Je travelled a fter him each time
’ ' ‘ ° y z nz zl f z 2022 22 y 1s 01 0202.
a a a a ab an d he lights in pl ce he sks out him , he gives
12222012 0 21121106 6022 1 . y 9 him was his description to the people . They tell he
60301 6 0220 102222 06206 2101
an h o n ew spending the night here d as gone . Continued the J
’ 102222220 06106 1- 10 9 11 16010. 90 6
a : until he met him in the open . He s id to him Come
‘ 6 0220 y 0 01g0 001 272122 901- 106 O who ou e at here , h son of the rhymester, told y (you) to
? e 0192222000 2 0220 02121 116 0 00220219 22201 200022211
i z z a ? I am a for a of an d a the g rd p ying it chest money, I m ke
’ 522 2 211 20032 22 22222206 0111 y 06 22 1 2221226 0 6 1110
who a of an terms with your mother, he e ts it y piece
62112206 2006006 0 2221222206 : 10010 60220
I b and a open his elly I t ke it from him . Come here ,
’ 10222222 01106 6012206 0192222010.
a I b and I a z z a so th t open your elly t ke the gi rd .
901106 109 116 1 2 216 121 60106 6090 12110 He s aid to him : Good ! Go about your business now you
3 b i be ind m a u m n w d e . vi z . 01 22220 0. . h tho t o e . b c e y k , wi y k l g 9 9 I 08 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
” ' £0 1 2220001212 2002 0320 010 6022 92222010 coming travelling after m e for the sake of a giz z ard
' ‘ 02 0 0 P 1 6 6 0106 . belonging to a hen ; shame upon you ? a
' ’ 2 06 010 5022 0192222010 2 90222 Are you going t o kill m e for the sake of the giz z ard ? N ow
° 06106 2101 3 06 0 6 03s 2661220 222122 g0606 20 the Jew dr e w the knife from his pocket an d going
22 01 100 0 6 22 y 1106 601 200 . 9 222 01200100 22212 6 N w him he will Open the belly of the boy. o the boy caught
’ ’ ' 2006 00 200060 06 z 10 0 2212 11 6 1 j 2 . a and with h nd one , threw him to the ground . He fell down
’ 0 001 0 0 2 06 120 1 s0 . 61101 222 1. 11 0 0 20 fi b f n . (in)pieces (and)died . Then le t him the boy a d journeyed
’ fl 011 222000212 102222220 600001 606 0 He kept on travelling till he reached a town (where)he found
C 0 012220116 222001109 0 10 6066 0 a p alace belonging to the king ; (and) hanging on its gate
’ 0 1 00 02 60122 2 3 110 2006 10. 02222
a a (were) forty he ads s ve one . He sked the people
' ’ 01116 22222 02 2 21213 001 222001109122 010 6022 02 90121106 These hea ds (are) h anging up why ? They said to him
0122206 6 022006 61221 0 0111 y 0621§§0
T has a a who he king d ughter strong, he enters
15 ° y 2§ 1166 0 y 21g022w1z 6 0 200111 2220
he r a an d who (if) he conquers m rries her, he does not
° 1 1 2 0 22 2 000 0222 01200100 00 01 4 231266 06 y 91 6 . 9 6 ow conquer her they cut off his head . N the boy went in
a A re you n ot a sham ed ? b H e was crushed to a tom s (111221 02 2 050022
I I O COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
0 1 122 $ 0222 012220716 122 02 0111 11 6 09 0200 . 9 5 N w a in the contest together . o the king grew ngry th at
2220 52 0 10 6010} 6 31 0 90222 012220126 did n him h N ow n she ot conquer (s e) m ore . the ki g
1 901- 116 22 222 011200910 60901 106062 0 said to them : E nough at pres ent ; now (till) to - morrow
’ ’ 1222 10 6 0222022 22202 2 0 1 1220 0222 012220116 1 fi 6 9 . 9
a N ow come ye down ag in once to the struggle . the king
220006 11160602220 901- 1126 22222 011010- 01 6022222212220
a a : c lled to the doctors , he s id to them This night let smell
’ ' 01200100 01 16122g 2000221126 22206 0gg26 this boy the n arcotic an d look at him (if he) be ars a talisman
A ‘ 20010 0 0 10 5022 612211 022 0
or b a a I (is) clothed (with) something, ec use my d ughter ( )
" 6 2211 0612 5 022 60122 0002129 0 601102220 all the knights of the world a s often as
" 2006 10 12206 6 06 122003201 02 60 122 1110 2006 10 one she vanquishes him till forty s ave one like
" ‘ 200100 2 0322 01 102222220 gz b h r h a a oy like t is she does n ot conque him . W en c me
2 3 200220222 01200100 206 0160602220 50 222222126 06 the n ight an d slept the boy went the doctors m ade him smell
‘ 6022222g06 2006010112 010 the narcotic m ade him unconscious a n d searc hed upon
’ 60 1 1110106 . 1110 12 1 r102 06 01 22 2203 10 g 9 1 , 9 6
b z z a b n his body . They found in his re ast the gi rd elo ging to
02 0 22206 66160 2 06 22 222 0622 222 011000 027 6 0 . g the hen rolled up . They went they fetched the instruments,
2‘ ' 022 06 21 0 1 12 01 22 2205 0 222122 r102 06 1 6 20 10 10 9 , they cut into him an d drew o ut the gi z z ard from his breast 2 2 6 22 0222 0120010 0 20060230 1216 2 03 1 2220 0 . 9 1? R and sewed it up as it used to be . ose up the b oy in
’ 2222 222 1110 0 r10r 06 0 022 s g0660 221122 0 0 9 , 1 6 the morning from (the) sleep a he found his breast tired
” ’ 2 20011090 22013 06 2220 2 0 01022 0221. ha n an d he found himself he s not stre gth like the former .
‘ ’ 90222 1111 6 0r 06 1612210 N ow he went out he fled he fea red lest the girl
11911606 222001 1116010
an n a conquers him ( d)kills him . He kept o w lking in the open
1110 0 101010 611 022 22222 2220 0 600 9 6 9 . he found three (men) they fight with e ach other .
901- 1236 22 222 122112 60111606 90 222 90121106 He s aid to them : Y e are fighting why ? They s aid to him
‘ 1 1 220 022 11 0221 1 101 0 01 01- 1 6 22 222 6 6 6 9 010 0 6 g . 9 1
W n f hr a e are fighting o account o t ée things . He s id to them
60g01 0? 9010- 106 202920220 Things wh at ? They said to him With us is a c arpet
’ ‘ j et 1r fi s s02220 122 10106 01200610 y 02 06 0 106
fi r i n air b it es the , if desired some ody he goes upon it
' " 2’ z2 200200 0220 2 22 20012 12 0 6022 901 j e 6 . y M Kfif b w e a a bow] (to) ount it goes . And h ve , if
’ ' “5 ' 01 0 10 0 20 6 y 9221 11222111 10 110 y 21222111. b some ody says fill thyself with stew (ragout) it fills itself.
' 20020 022 0 2 0 0 22 ' 1 0y 6 y 0 y 200 2002 6 0 112202 2 1 f u lds .
w e h a a a - wh a And ve h nd mill he o turns it it lets f ll money .
a w When he ok e u p . b Tha t i s o s a i f an one w shes the car et o fl w th hi m o M oun t Kfif i t y, y i p t y i t t
does s o . COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ 901- 1216 22222 10 9216 2002 2 21221 60001 20022 a : and He s id to them Good, show me the three things I
’ ' 02 2 0 6 22 222 0106 22222 611 0110216 22222 01 9 6099. 1 will divide them amongst you with justice . They drew them out
3 2 6 2002 2 06 222 - 106 0 1- 1 6 22 222 2 1122 21 . 20 90 2 11
n a (a d) showed them to him . And he s aid to them : Spre d out
01622001 102222220 0621 06 121106 2006 011
a a the c rpet so th t I see it its length wh at . And he put
02 2 2220011 2002 2 0 0 20 0 - 06 2002221216 012220 2 0 6 3 1 9 . 9 0
- the bowl and the h and mill upon it . And he took the w and “ 60106 106 11 1006 200901- 1236 22222 0220 6 0606 own a d an d a to : am his in his h n , s id them I going to throw
12160 20011g2 22 2002 06 122122 a stone with (all) my strength and ye sh all run a fter it ye
' 23 y 2222s 166 0 fi y 0600 the three whoever gets hold of it in the first sh all take
02 2 060y0 601061 90121106
- a him the hand mill belonging to the money . They s id to
21 02221016 01 06 0 2 12 201 10 9 6 . 1 12160 2 0222 5 9 ran a Good . Then he took the stone he threw it they
0 101010 200 06 0 0 7 222 0 0 601 01622301 1 2 . 6 21222 5 123 222 20 6 2120 60
a . r an an d a the three fter it They , he struck the c rpet
‘ ’ 611222092 00 200901- 106 2 216 62310 0 10 g0601 9013 f with the wand an d s aid to i t : Go with me on M ount Kfi .
’ 10102 0162 001 616 6 01122 6 109 g0601 901: Kfif Then flew the carpet with him put him upon M ount .
2009000 00222002 02 2 060320 2212 101106 An d he sat he turned the mill fell out to him money
a The three m n r a n a fter i the rb i s f m e t ( ve e .
1 1 M 4. COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAM AR
‘ 11 3 102 06 063022 2220 - 22 222211 611g21 6 022 0 11 in your bre ast other wise w e sh all die of hun ger here in
’ " 2003 1 01 0601 01 12211 z 022 0 g . 9 g
the of : Y ou middle the mountain . He s aid to her hungry
9 0 - 16 0 01120091. g16 1 10 6 30622 1, n ow ? Shall I bring you cooked stuff hot (th at) you e at ?
- 0 90101 106 6 01226 2002 2 1221. g
S a him b w m e . he s id to Good , give it sho He rought
01 0 - 06 2220 90 06 200901 106 10110 601 .
the goblet an d s a id to i t : Fill thyself with stew with mea t .
’ ’ 60122222 10122022 3 0200 2002002 2 0 16 0 2 2 060320
ate b an d her b a They oth together, he showed the ndmill
111 61122 02 2 11 0 0 60006 0 0022222 3 0200 . 0 0 6 6 . 9
a a s at a h . which lets f ll gold . Afterw rds they little toget er
90101- 106 90222 102222220 22 11103 3 06 1122001320 fi She said to him : Sta nd up so that w e go a walk a little in
' 0 1 0222 20 3 01g060 1. 9 S a him ot the middle of the mountain . he m de he g up
‘ 2 9 0 0 20022213 601 012220 2 00 20 6 011 2 2213106 010 702 0 . 9
a n u An d d p t both his feet on the groun d . she took the stick
3° 1106 0 2006060 101 016223 01 20090101- 106 112
her a an a an d a in h nd d struck the c rpet s id to it Fly,
2 616 0 20000122 1 11 903 2 0 6223 0 .
fl e w he r bri n g me into the ca stle of my father . It with
’ ’ 0 3 2 201 26 22 1622301 200 00 6 0 11190 . 911
the c a rpet brought her into the castle . Stood the son
' 0 elge 001 1 1 2003 1 01g0601 102006 06 .
n of the rhymester in the middle of the mountain alo e .
" ‘ 222111 11 3166 0 6090 y z 0g20 1 0 10 He walked on (the) way n ow he cries over himself ’ ' 01 s 0 0r 222 1 1 1 222030112 1 y 0 . ’ n a 11 he conti ued going a d y s journey . Now he found
2206101072 1 1 elg16e1 1a r 612z
tw o d ate - palms in the middle of the mountain bearing
9 60106 2006 00 60106 6 0 a 6 22za r 202 2006 00 60 106 6 0
da r ed an d a a o n e . d tes , its tes one its d tes yellow 0 0 0 ” 222 0 0 60106 0 90 2 0 20 6016 0. 222 1112 9 9 1 : 1 9
N w a n a N w an o he cut a d te yellow a d te it . o spr g up
6 0 22 1 1 1 0006 902 72 155060 1 1 9222 06111 .
- a a a tw o a a . in his he d horn, it ent ngled itself in the d te p lms
9 ’ 2220002 1006 570 60106 0 6 0mm 6016 0 20
out a a a red ate He stretched his h nd took d te it, went
c 31 ' 01 022 220 2221272 0906 0222 222010 16606 222122 9 . 9 N ow the horn from his he ad . he filled his pocket with
' ’ 0160106 01 06 22za r 20010§10r the dates the red an d the yellow a n d he continued travelli n g
111 2220 0 2za 6 0r 506 1 122 10 2220222 10222222 0 6 0s5 0 1
night with day two months exactly until he re ached
‘ 0160700 601001 61221 0126 0116 z00g1 ’ the town belonging to the king s daughter a n d came
’ ’ 106 1 03 s 0r 0y e 20522 000 200901 001 160106 beneath the pal a ce an d c alled and said Here are the dates
’ ’ 22 0 0 022201 61221 012220716 2221 ger 20 22 . 9 b ’ which are without sea son N ow the king s daughter
" ' 90101 1116 0000222 122 20111 002 6010 6 222122 0r r 0g21 01.
a m an s id to the servants B uy m e dates from this .
1510712 2221722206 60106 2000 1216 22222
They b ought from him sixt ee n C dates a n d gave them
a i H e t on n f or Who e d a . . e n a a e . w w lki g l y b i h h on l l h a r r ound . . c ar e i n s e a s a t e e e . W i y c 1 0 ht f 22 22 0 02 a n eig (lik e a ( C . I 2 I I 6 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
1161221 1090106 60106 to the daughter She found them (to be) dates
‘ 0 2 6 0101 22 722 1 22 12 0 31 6 01102 1 . 11 w sh a t h a yello e e them the t wo batches of eig t . C me out
106 0 10222022 9222 2122 1 1 2 03 6 0 6 21111 02 60 0 22213 6 22 1 t o h er eight horns in h er hea d e ach four caught in
‘ 6 6 110 1 02220 01 0116 0 . fi g 06 1
a a b ab h r a w ll . Then ssem led out e the people of the p alace
2006226 0 901 016060 r 90122 16 22 0 a nd her father said : The n ews wha t a ? They sa id w e
‘ ‘ 10 111220 1110921220 10222022 9222 2122 0 10 2 03 6 0 0 10 - g0fl 0
we on her a n looked up found eight horns he d sudde ly,
9 " 20022213 6 02 1 1 5702220 an d they fastened themselves the walls . Assembled
' 0112216 0 22202 2220 y 20020216 0 her father the doctors not they kn ew they cure her
' ' ’ ' 22 012720220517‘ y 222302' 22 fi 1922r 2222 and b n a s aw h they ri g the s ws they into the orns ,
' 2’ ‘ 2122052 2 5 1 110 222022001 y . 0 1 1 they become sawn b N ow her father sent ou t a crier into
y 102 1161221 the town whoever gives to the daughter
° 2001627 y 21g022 201z 6 0 20092 122211 a and a and a ofthe sult n she recovers he m rries her , he m kes (him)
’ 0222 2 06 221 2002 12 06 . 9 1622 0 2220
z N ow s n his vi ier . went the o of the rhymester the first
' ‘ 9 y 0222 10110 601060 6 0mm 202 603301 6 0 6 110 1 day he drew out a date red and broke it in pieces
b ha t i h m a tt r Th rn s t e e ? i . e . e ho s cannot b u th saw s W e c t wi .
1 1 8 COLL OQ UIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
I I . A m s al .
PR OVE R BS .
' 222122 02022 016 00000 11 12 1 a 1 . g y 6 9 Who t kes as neighbour the 0 6 6122 2 0 . b e b n b h smith will ur t y is fire .
’ ‘ 2 13 2220 722172 6 1220 2003 0 116 222172 a m an d . 13 He r fro here , let out from
6 1220. . at ear out at here (In one ,
the other . ) ’ 1 2211 072 0 072 1 . 10602 720 21 1. cat a 3 21 9 g y We thought of the , he c me
a of th e to us jumping . (Spe k
&c . devil , ) ' 2 0 1 22 11 1106 0 2 . a a ! . 06 0 c at 0 4 5 9 y Aw y is the , pl y, mouse 6 0 cat a 222033 16 01 21110 22222 10 01 02 2 . 5 . 9 1 6 He let the t ke the key of
the l arder .
6 016 110 01200 11 0 6 21111 7203 e n . y y A low wall every o e jumps over
‘
22 1122 0 116 0. 21 it .
6 221720- 106 00 01 61 72202 06 s u . 7. 6 6 We kept silence for him , he
came in with his donkey .
him an c (Give in h ,
9 0 b c n b a . 0162112 0 1 116 0110 0 0 . 8. 1 5 Num ers o quer r very
' ’ abb 2 1 01602 062 0 1130 216011122222 L b , 9 . y ike the Ber erines nine j er
1 1 7720 an d . 20 2006101 3 . one listens
I O 0122202 616 1111 16 0 b a has a a . 1 The o t which two c pt ins
0 n . a 11 2 0 . 0 9 in it will si k (Too m ny & c . cooks , )
I I 10 1 1 07030 200110 61 072230 fi ve a a . 60 6 6 6 An onion for (p r s) or for
a a an . 603 01. five (p r s) onion (Six f ne o o ,
2 010 10 272122 05107072 . a . 1 . g H ste is of the devil S ON GS 1 19
I I I . M aw aw i l .
S ON Gs
’ 7 rom S tt a - B e s 02 0 2722220116 003 02 0 61306 022 0 1 0 2 010 106 1“122 A fiten (F pi y V 5 gyy . )
’ ’ 222172 a 22z3 1 0 2203 0 00121720 0 16606 22222 y , 6 6 616 22222 2 101220 2011170 222 09 6 010 62206 0 222 107222720 2 211222122222 201607201 11 03 0y06 22222 ’ 90161 22 1 90222 6116 0 1222072 106 02 2 00260 20
10 172 00 011 0 2 6 22 420 722011 722 1 2 72 50106 20 02 .
a 0 ou a a as r Since yesterd y, people , y h ve t ken us your f iends , w ou w e an d a n w e ith y were content , on the le ves (of frie dship)
b a . B ut ou b a an d inscri ed your n mes when y ec me proud , your
b a m e m a w an d evil doings ec me known to , y he rt kne you swore an a a Y e w e a o th , which excommunic tes you . fickle ones , h ve erased your n ames from ou r books .
c 0 2222261011 6 212211 7720116 01012 1 10 106 y , 1 6 ’ 102222220 610 111 10660 1 02 2 0 222011110610 6 ’ 2006 106 gcgf 216 60110 22 2222220 6 200 6216 20216106 20072202 61606 2 0601 10g16la 6 00200 61100 02 2 21722
’ ‘ 1 0 7222 3 0 22 00 222 6 31 13 02 216 0 0 2 0 2221 0 60610 .
0 a o f o n . unlucky one , thou w st the king time thy throne When thou didst become unlucky the grains of thy sand were
b th b a A a a th trou led on y o rd . nd thy f mily pl gued thee , even y
th a th A r an d . mother , y f ther y sister nd thy ship , which went fo th
b n t h a a a to ri g hee p ysic from the l nd of the Greeks , th t h ve the
r t an a a has a Ch is i s t ken c ptive , since thy luck f iled . E ! PL A N A T OR Y N OTE S T O T H E R E A D I N G M A TTE R .
I .
I 6 r 6072 16 w as n . 2 2 1 072 o . . 1 1 , there o ce 7 6 to rejoice 0 1 & 0 1001 6 22 72 1 610006 c . h h . 6 22721 6 i w ishe d st over . 3 , , I w s ed , t ou ,
22 22 1 M r M r - - 0 0 0 10 . N . S n & . 01 020 . o a d so . . c . 4 6 g 6 , , 5 th an f r m m o . 6 . 60 0 16 0 th to co ission wi , give order 9 , _y 9 , wi ’ ’ 216 0 o n o f a o . . 10101 0722 expressi s time it is , g , e g 3 9 gy , it is three
a a o 11 0 12 013 022 2 3 110- 6 h s a . . 200 a d ys , three d ys g ( _y j ) 7 ,
- h 606 61 0 8 . 2 c m m n 6 . 0 66 0 166 o issio ed t ee ; , with it 6 , 3 6 , love ,
i to do . l ke , like
II .
C I 2 2 . 6 00 0 60 00 201 2 . 0272 22 27261 . 0 217 2 0 0 1 22 9 9 , it is very cold , 3 , be 172 a m . t h b . A . possi le 3 f er the p st tense is e ployed . 4 S ould
21 1 h an a t z 1 a 0 1222 bu t c . 20 re lly be , the is ged on ccoun of the 5 m ‘ 22 e a 6 . 3 660 0 10 1 200 1 6 an d . 0 6 h 1 9 , in his tim i medi tely , wis ‘ 2 m b m n 3 1111722 010 e b . 02016 so e ody good orni g ; , gr et some ody 7. 5
n n 8 2220- 200 0 h t o e . ac a a . 2 11 1. wit cus ive to swer some 1 9 . The n n b e a f 1 1000 11 c c o n 0 . of 1 is not pro ou ed use the pre c edi g I O . ° ’ ‘ - 1 0 3 1 0 0 12260 3 0 1 2 . 72201 0 1 22 I I . 0 2 216 06 1 722 1 020 1 . 722
016 6 h a a f a h . 1 6 12 2 n , e ne rly l ughed himsel to de t 3 . , is the sou d
of l aughter .
III .
' C 1 I 1111 106 220 o 6 . . . 0 1 we . 2 . 212210 22 13 1106 No , which I you , h ad n I forgotte it .
. 2 . I t a 1 1 a No . Af er the numer ls from upw rds the substantive
n a a n d 2 . 2 I O is in the si gul r ; from to in the plural . 011 2 0 m n . 1 a . 3 1 . 1 0 2 h No 1 3 99 , he re i ed , e knocks he kept on f 011 1 r c . 1 2 1 h an h m 600172 1011 knocking ; 1 y g , e the w ole ti e ; 1 ’ ‘ 13 0 1 0 10 611 01 0200 0 th h a h a te e n y 6 g , ereupon e sked furt er f r the g tle ’ ‘ an 202 1021 122 006 0 161106 an d h n n c a m s house ; 1 y , e co ti ued to ll the 122 22 a i in u fii x 2 . th t s s es . dogs . , , jo ed to the
1 12 002 r r . 4 . 60 0 a 2 . I . n c a No 9 , Tu kish wo d . t is e ess ry to n h b t n 0 072216 b h an d 00 0 2222 h disti guis e wee 01 , they uried im , 1 , t ey b th 6 m a uried ( e is ute in the first c se).
n 1 222 6 - 0 - - - - . a 3 1 0 0 01 5 010 10 6 . 2 . 222 1 1 50 . 06 06 No I ste d of , so
- - ? . 2 2 6 D i m a 200 11 0 1 6 . d hi a lso 3 0 4 . you let re d it
12 2 COL L OQ UI A L EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
‘ S T OR Y OF T H E R H YMESTER AN D H I S S ON .
- 1 . 22 b d 03 a . a a e . 017 , to nurse (i e . wom n in child ) 1 2 1 f r . a . 72 h 1 . 0 216 b o a . 272 6 , emp sis 3 4 6 , in Ar ic
- hb u bs stories is usu ally a gold piece . The different m a o now in M . d a a 6 n . a Go existence h ve v lues from % t o 9 fra c s . 5 . i e y a f n h a a a open the g tes o ga i . T e de ler s ys this to the purch ser ' m 6033 16 h fl r d 6 . o e e a . w en he considers the price too s ll , when a an ff e a n 0 1106 21603 3 1606 m a the seller ccepts o r the formul ru s 3 , y ‘ - 1011 L o u 72061 6 0 8. the ord let y prosper in business . 7. . f
20 00 n I . 0 20 . I . 7 o a n 1 . I 9 6 , he kept t ki g (see note , No 3 , ) 9 23 3 , pl ‘ ‘
- a ze/02 a r . . 0 0 10 a a I O 6 . 0 6 g , sl ve gi l , pl , sl ve ; sl ve
a 60 20 010610 a - a 3 21 010 61 a - m a tr de ; 14 , sl ve tr der 0 sl ve rket ; ‘ 6220 20 a 1 11 2 0 7703 L n I I 0 1 . a 6 , sl very. 0 , grees with ( esso XX I ). The sense of the sentence is : an d now they learn to rea d in the
1 2 . M a . 1 . n a school . Went on pilgrimage to ecc 3 Co tr cted
m 0 0 11 n f a - a 6122 1 fro 6 6 1 4 . O e o the sl ve girls so lso
272122 607201 017220126 on e of a i n . 1 . 010 6 . , the d ughters of the k g 5 (9 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 2 0 l6 0 h a t . 1 6 n e a of 0 021 an d e conquer . I st d 0f 3 f 1y e l h ,
t n . : bo u a 1 . 2 216 27201 Go a a s re gth) 7 till w y, y, it wo ld be § 01 223 01 a 1 . 02 r a 6 060 772 f r 60772 . 1 8. o sh me to kill you . 9 f , 0’ 1 a a 2 0 n a 3 001172 . 2 1 . 272 0 6 spre d out the c rpet . . I ste d of 6 gg “
272 1 . n 2 2 617212 0220 M Y 2 who a a a a . . ( 6 one c rries t lism , a h 0 2 S f a n L 022 a a . . o d ug ter ; , emph tic l 3 ee rules greeme t, esson
33 n 2 . a 1t h w e 02 0 a n . . 2 . a XXIII 4 6 , m ke incisio 5 f , w ich
h ave transla te d stew (ragout) i s a celeb ra ted A rab dish . (The ’ - 002 720 for t a 0022103 02 0603 2720 3 . receipt it is given in Spi t Bey s , p ’ 0 3 2 6 3 th . 2 r a 2 a . . Heref wi one , to spre d out 7 composed ‘ 2 0 n t a 0 an d 0 0 f 00 n . 8. 0 0 of 6 6 6 rom 6 g; sli g, throw y 6 , i s e d 0 00 2 S a him t u a n d u t of y 6 . 9 . he m de ge p p his feet to the ‘ 6 222122 10 0 1 . a 0 a z . ground Off the c rpet . 3 . Inste d of f 3 6 2 030 . VOCA B U L A R I E S
- A L H . I . R A B I C E N G IS
- E N GL H A R A B C . I I . I S I
I N the followi n g small voc abul aries we h ave ende avoured as far a s possible to give every word occurri n g in the exerc ises . The plural of every irregula r substantive an d a dj e ctive o has been give n
n a - 172 o r - 01 a b in full , while the termi tions h ve een given of those
r a which a e regul r .
w l a a b a e The student will do e l to m ke list of su st ntives , whos
b a a n plurals h ave the s ame form . In this m anner he will o t in insight i n to Arabic forms a n d the l aws of formatio n of plurals . (Comp arison should be m a de for in stan ce between the following
‘ ‘ ‘ 0 2 0 02 02 1 12 . 22 21 n 22 12 12 . 2 b a 3 102 . 3 02 su st tives , pl 0, pl 0; 0 , pl 0 ; f , "
. 222 22 60 2 . 6222 27 . pl f 0, pl 0; pl In the c ase of verbs the Present form is a lways su ffi ciently i n di c ated a b a 2 n d an d rd for the regul r ver s , for those which h ve 3 2 2 a i a a a n d h w a n d b h l r d c ls the s me , for t e y ver s , t e Present vowe
0 2 be ab 2 02 a a b . . 1 1 0 lone is given fter the ver e g 0 , le ; 5 ,
21 e zi z be a 10 1 a . (y g ), llowed ; 0, wr p up When the Present vowel is the sam e a s th at of the Perfect the Present prefix alo n e is given if a chan ge of vowels t akes pla ce the Presen t form is give r
a n b e a ff a in full . Fin lly, the stude t should c reful to di erenti te 00 . 6 0 b a b a n 0 . etween m sculine su st ntives e ding in (e g , a nd b a 0 0 and 0 s a a feminine su st ntives ending in , ( in cl ssic l
Arabic). I A R A B I C- E N L I S H V OC B UL A RY . G A
NOTE .
' o f as : A l A E I 0 U i n The order the letters is follows 1f ( , , , ,
3 D an d D F G G I f L N , , , , , ’ , H 3 ’ K , M , Q, eluded) . (8 (8 R S a n an T W Y Z T . , d d . , , ,
i & A l f A E I 0 06 1 c . ! h ( , , , , , , See T ere she ’
. 2260 6 01 & 10 a c . pl f ther . is l he is l (
0627 h 0 1 0 6 . 6 011 a Sp inx . , pl , f mily, house 06 A h n . . , ugust (mo t ) hold
6 1 01607 a ll . 0 at a . never, not , f mily
2 i 6 20 0 . r 216720 . o f 1622 s o n . 0 a c a , pl , 13 , pl of , lim te , th 1 . a . 063 0 1 6 . , y , rejoice we er
06 a 0 606 . 6 0616 . 06222 . 606 , pl of , door, g te , 6 , pl of , friend , lover
f m 222222 06 27202 e . 6 07722 0 . 6 c a . h pter , , pl ,
a r 61 e . 0 . 2 6y , pl of , w ll . red
000 0 3 022 b . 1 1 . 0 , y , give 6 , etter
0 1 222022 b . 0 0 6 0006 an a . , pl . , m ners , educ pl 6 , rother 0 0 d 0 0 o a . tion . 6 , y 6 , t ke
0022 a 0 02 2 0 02 0 a . . 22 . 21 , c ll to pr yer 6 , fem 6 , pl 6 , 0 0 0 2 M r m n h . a . , ch ( o t ) other " 02 002 1 0 f m 0 0 . 22 0 6 z 0 0 2 e . 0 0 06 a . 0 2 , y , educ te 6 , 6 , pl 6 ,
02 21 01 0 rm 0 2 . . a . , pl of , green " 2 01 0 2 z 0 02 a . . 0 0227 . 0 pl 5 , esquire , eunuch 66 , y 66 del y
0 06 0 16 an . 0 12 a g , y g , swer 6 , l st . ’ 0 0 n e a 0 222 1 . 1 pl se . 6 , pl of 6 , u cle (mother s
m n a 0z e a . e . g , per issio , le ve sid ) ’ hi 0 02 1 0 0 2 . 0 1 a . gg , y gg , re of course , cert inly
6 2 20722 f 0 722 0 . 0n1 . d 0 . o 0222 a . 0 3 , pl of g , rich 6 , pl y , y 0 ‘ 6 1 0 w z . oz 0 0 ea t . g , pl of g , spouse , hus
ba 6 . d a . 0 60 2 e a e n , p ir , gr t r (comp of a 16e w . 0200 a 061 a n . g , pl of é9 nswer, , food , e ti g 6 . 0 102 . letter , more (comp of
1 2 6 COL L OQ UI A L EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
2 272 0112 E n . 22 2 E r 2160 . 5 , the glish , u ope
1 01 n h h an 1 1 E a n E n . 72 z 156 222 . f 0 2 o 5 6 2 . g , glis , glis m , pl , month
172603 02 172613 12 b a , y , re k in pieces
B .
60 sell . 12222 t a so h t . 60 0 1 0 . , , send
1723 0 22 2203 an n . , pl . , m ki d , people 0 072 6 6 . 616 , pl door ,
17210 fem . 17211 n . , , thou , you (si g) a c a g te , h pter . 172 112 ou , y 6 0 0 a . , fter 21 w 1 02 2 b c . 3f , ) 3 , e ome yello f - 2720 a t a , f erw rds . 6 72 2 13 0 002 0 a a . 13 , Alex ndri 600072 . 0 600 72 of , pl trunk the
13 10222 M h a a . , o mmed nism a hum n body .
13 772 . 03 0272 1 a . , pl , n me 6002172 n a t a , the , f erw rds . '
13 10600 23 10601 b i . , y , eg n 01 0 60 10 6 1 . 3 , pl . 10 , mule ' b a 1310 02722720 23 1. t 6 , y , he 1 60 2 . 6 02 s e a . 6 , pl 6 , 6 3 172 fi n d n a f 13 10 o . , ice , pprove 6 2 0227211 0 . 6 , the Nile '
13 1010 722 23 1111272 . , y , receive explain . 2 13107272 0 131 a . , 0 , w it 6010 . , without 2310 0 131 1 b a 20 120 e . , y , ripe , re dy 1 0 1 0 a . 600 . 6 10 , pl , pl ce , town
213 1 a sk . 0 , permission 6010 a . 6 , fresh d tes
23222000 13 . b b a . , y , ecome l ck 105 n ! a 60 a . , ever mind in v in , gr tis 11 1z 221 a 022w . g , 9 0 , m rry build . ' 6 1160111222 z1 . a , y , spe k . 1 1 607201 6 72 . , pl . of , girl
11 0611 11 . . 0 , y 0 , meet 1 1622 . 6022 . , pl of , son 12200 1072 r 72 . 20 ea . , pl of , 60 0 2 6 0 a a n 1 . 0 , 0 0 , st y , rem i ’ 20272 f 0722 da o . 13 , pl . y , y 6 0 0 60 01 . 0 , 0 , however
- 12 0 12 0 6022 . , , if 60 02 c a . 0 , ttle
12 22 . 222 2172 . , pl , permission 60 02 0 . 0 , cow 1 00 ’ 000 . 2 20 ‘ , pl , room . 60 515 . 0 , present , tip
2260 6 01 0 6 a . , pl . of , f ther 602 1 b 60 2 062 0 . 602 , pl of , Ber e
21 2 0 . 21 02 a . g , g , n pl w ge n e b a . ri , Nu i
06 02 . 21 02 . , o , 6 pl f other 6 02 22010 h at . 602 02211 . , pl of ,
21 2 0 h . 6 , ot ers 2 60 2 602 1 602 06 0 . , see 1 0 0 01 t 22 . 222 . 6 , pl 6 , sis er n 60 2 0 . , cold , cold ess
1100 0 0 h . 2 . 22 01 bo , pl of , c ild , y 602 01 602 00 6 &c . a , , , I lso , thou
0 . & 22272722 . 2227222206 1 a c , pl , mother lso , .
- 0 0 122 ad . 6 2 1 . 77 12 . 2222 af a b 22 22 0 . , pl of , f ir, usiness , pl , cold ( j ) A RABIC- ENGLISH VOCABULARY 1 2 7
612 20022 602 2 a n a n . , m i l nd , co tinent 9 , more , too much , too
h a n a . 602 2 0 ou t . , , outside (wit djective)
0721 602 22010 602 02211. 60 2 2 a . , outw rd , see
- 606 2 0 . 6033 n . , o ly , enough , to morrow
- 6 222222 ff b a . 603 3 . , look , co ee e ns
01 a h a . 6050 . 605020 , pl , P s d D an D . 601 0 n h . , , spe d the nig t
60 10113 a . 00 00 . 02 . 001 . , pot toes , , fem ,pl , this , these
60 122 622 12122 b . 0060 2 0 a . , pl . , elly 1, , sl ughter
60 1 0 60 1 0 a . 1 , duck ; collectively, 1, , p y
on e ducks . ( ) time , (once).
d . 2 122 ba 022 b . 60 1 01 . 601 01 0 1 , pl 1 , 01 , , ury 0 0 1 06 . 0 6022222 6 a . 60 22222 60 . 0012 , pl , g te , gold
00122 . b a . a . s le , pl ck
610 0 01 22 n 6000 a n 0 . , egg ; collectively, , 0 , , e ter, go in
°
002 . 0 0 a a . . 21 eggs 7,pl f , we k
0 21 12 0 0 12 1 a . 00 a . 60 2 . 6 6 , pl 6 , l ke 9 0, n rrow 6 f . 6 22 60 a r 061 f 0 22 Sh . 6210 00 a 00 22 . o O pl . , dist nt , , pl , p 0 0222 2 222 . a . 0 21 a perh ps , y , endure (l st)
6022 b . 00 222222 b . , etween , lood 9 62 2 21 0 a . 002222 06 002222 1720 33 , Prussi , , he, she con
0 2 d 6 2 22 0221 a . tinu e . 33 , Prussi n
022 22 6033 n 00 22 . 21 b a . , e ough , only . 0 , pl 0 , chin , e rd
2 h 601 . 6 211 . 00 22 n a . , pl 13 , ouse 00, , pound , k ock ; t ttoo
122 0 0 6010 . 622 b 002 . 2 . pl elonging , pl 9 , house
n a a 0 2 06 e . 0 0 . to (ge itiv l periphr sis) , , strik
0222 at a of 002 6 . 216 b in , with , by, ; lso sign , pl , low .
. 002 2 22 a a . present , , d m ge 1 0 60 6 22 6 . 6 . , see turn , turn round
‘
61001 n a . 0 222220 2 0 10 0 . , i ste d of , look for
61100 60100. 002220 0 0202 0 m , see , pl . 9 , edicine .
1721 se 60 7201 0 0 6 e . 00 20 12 . 2 2 a an le , 1 , pl of 0 , n il ( g ),
612 6 2 02 . a . , see 3 cl w
61522215 . 02 15 0 1 2 20 0 2 0222 1 . , slowly , pl . , Dervish
02 62 2 . 6 2 00 12 . 0 . 3 , pl of , well , see
1 21 6 1 611. 01 02 ! 3 , see , , give I Z B COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
’ 6 0 a h 02 331 b n 01 1 . 6 , , l ug f , edding, fur iture .
016 . . a g] . 22§ 0l a a , pl cock f , pl f , ch pter ; se son
0111222 a . a . , d rk of the ye r
01 1 a . 0 0 a 1200 1 a b . 0 , now, immedi tely f , , p ss over, p ss y
012 0222 213 a . 010 0 3 . 2 . , pl , mol r tooth f 1, , Open
02 202 see 002 . 0 02 1 b a a . 1 , f 1 , , re kf st
’ ' ’ °
0 . 06 22 0 w0 20 0 20e. , millet f , seef 061 a w 6 0616 0. f , see1
’ ' 02 of a e 0 002 . 0 020 l 26 . e1216e b a , pl , story house f , pl off , o t . 1 . 22 ? turn 1 , where 0 0 2 . 22 0 122 . 02 2 020 1 . of 12 072 b 0 , see 1 fi g , pl 1 20 , cup, owl ° 0226 02 s e e 006 2 e2 02230 1 w a . , . f , Frenchm n , French
022 6 2 a . midd y , noon
022 660 22 00 606122 . 16 , see f , there is . ’ 0 11 b a 1 22106 . 00200 20 l 0 a b e . , pl cup o rd , f , , rem in , left
’
b . 6 1222 0 n a 2 a . w rdro e f , , u derst nd ‘ ’ 002 20 16 2 . . 9 , world , it (in expres 1 , pl thoughts
2 ab a . n 022 2 220 122 . sions out the we ther) fi g , see1 5
022 2122 see 00 22 . 12 0 02 0 . 0 , 0 1 6, seef 6
’ '
22 2 2 0 . f 1, , rejoice
F . 0 ab a . f 0, ove, upst irs
0 an d . 0 02 0 22 12 . f , fi , , then f 0 , seej 0
- - z 10 M n S and so . 001 0 122 . 22 22 o f , pl . fi gj , empty, free f , ( )
22 113 n 00l 0 001 2 . f , pl . 1 , goodness . f , mo ey
2 2 . 0 9220272 06 6 1222 a . 2 222222 1 , 1 02 expl in f , pl 1 mouth , mouth
22 20 200 . a . 1 1 , pl . 0f 1 , thigh piece , (cig r holder ’ ° ’ ’ ‘ 2 a lt . 02 31 b . 0 d a . 0 0 20e . a w 1 a a , pl j , dv nt ge f , pl off , rush °
3 l . 06 26 0 a w0616 . 0 f , pl . f , fruit seef
22 102 b a a . 0 12 . 0 a r 0 . j 0 , pl f 0 , poor f , re kf st
r s 0 , poverty .
G . 02 l . 12 022 rat . f , p 1 , mouse,
a r 02z3a a 0 . f , Fr nce . g come
' ' - r 122 . a 0 0 022 . a3 . 2 3 a 0 f , pl f , m re . g , pl , hungry
'
02 20 . 12 0 . 06 1 b . f 1 , pl 1 0, hen g , , ring, fetch
' 0l a . 2 0 06 1 . 26 0 2 . 0 f g , y % , show g , pl g , mount in
02 2 022 - 122 7 0 222 . ba . 06 02222 . f , pl , ker 5 , hell
130 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
0 . H . 01 1 a 6 , l wful
12z . 6 2222 a 6 a 0 0 116 . g , pl g , dromed ry, 6 , milk
a for . 6 02220222 6 0 22202220 a c mel riding , pigeons ,
- 6 01 6011 a bab . i , perh ps, pro ly p geon .
6 0 222222 02 a s . a a . 0 22212 . of 22222 s , c re , nxiety 6 , pl 6 , donkey ,
‘
6022 22 a . 02222220222 0222222026 01 b a . , , be e sy, be light 6 , pl . 6 , th ’ 6 0221 0 22 a 6 16 0 0220 . 0 22 , your good he lth 6 , pl 6 , mouth . 0 6 2 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 , , flee 6 00 , truth .
6 02 0222 . 16 2 0222 a . 0 1 1 a . , pl , pyr mid 6 0 0 , re l , true
601 ! 0 22 0 . , give 6 00, pl . 6 0 0, justice , right
- 6 0200 ai r a a . 02 0 01 a of a , , we ther , clim te 6 , pl . , qu rter town ,
6 00 20 . 6 00 20 . an 11 , pl 01 , present l e .
6 022 6 . 2 0222 0 02 0 222 . 0 a . , there 6 , pl 6 , h rem
. 02 0222 a . here 6 , unl wful
02 0 22 . flight of the Prophet, 6 0, , set on fire
a . Hegir pl . letter of the
alph abet .
- 6 22 00222 . 02 1222 . 01 a . , clothes 6 , pl , wom n , wife
6 22222 . 02 2 a . , they 6 , he t, hot
6 21200 . 033 1 . , he 6 , , feel
0602 01 . 6 , insects
E . 0 611 b a 6 , her s , gr ss ; hemp pre
b a a for . A yssini . p red smoking
b n a . 0 0 6 . A yssi i n 6 1 , firewood
6 066 2 . 0 11 0 a . love , like 6 , , put , pl ce
6 0616 0 606 . 02001122 ab . , pl . 6 , friend , lover 6 , round out
- 6 00000 . 122 b a . . , pl , l cksmith life
6 0010 . 0 2 12 022 . , iron 6 , June
- 6 0012 122 a . 13 b au . , pl . , present , re dy 6 , ec se , since
- 0 a 01 . 01 . 1 22 . pl . , thing 6 , pl 6 1 , w ll 0 a 0 r . 6 0 a r . 2 2 0 . g , pl 6 3 , stone see 6 g
02 - 0 a 6 16 0 . 1 . 6 060 0 1 a a . , 1 6 , n rr te 6 1 , pl , story, t le
60 0 an 11 1 a a an a . 6 061222 . 0 222 a m , pl 6 , le rned , 6 0; , swe r , t ke o th
- 0 . 1306 . 1 b a doctor . 6 , pl , ill, ccount
0 0 01 1022 11. 1 . 20 a 6 , pl 6 , st te, condition , 6 1 , see 6
a 0022 b b a . circumst nce . 6 , osom , em r ce ARABIC- ENGLISH VOCABULAR Y 13 I
6 60 2220 6 0 6 - 0 1222 . 0200 e . 01 a ! , see 6 g , pl , gentlem n ; Sir
6 226 02220 n . E a n , governme t (to urope s . ) 6 2222202 6 022212 . 11 h , see 6 , orses (collectively).
6 22 0 0 2 . 0 0 222 . 0222 0 0, see 6 00 6 , pl 611 , tent .
6 0 2 2 02 222 . 0 0 222 a old 02 . 02 b , pl 6 , wom n , 6 , pl 69 , good , lessing .
w 2 a . 0 222 02220. om n 611 , see 6 f 0 2 0 0 : 00 a a o f 6 / ; see 6 21 6 , t ke (imper tive
6 22 022 6 01 - 3 . or . 0 0 0 1 a . , pl , horse 6 g , pl . , te cher
2 se e 2 2 2 2 , 002 .
E . 01223 0 n 6 , , be fi ished .
6 0602 . 0 602 . 22 2223 0 t . 22203 fi a , pl 6 , news 6 , pl 6 , f h p rt .
060 1 0 n 6 , , k ock , hit . c
. 6 660 - 22 b a ( ) 0 2 . 1 , pl , ker . t
‘ ' 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 a . 0 610 a . 6 , y 6 , t ke , pl . , sl ve , negro 0 ‘ 00222 2 . 0 00 0 bi 6 serve , , te .
‘ 0 000222 - 122 000 - 0 . a . . 1 ab 6 , pl , serv nt , pl , h it, custom .
‘
002 0 . f 0 o 0 6 02 . . 0 02 11 . 6 , fem , green pl f , demon
0 a . a , fe r things , lugg ge .
6 0 . a of a 111; pl light, e sy, pl . old , ged .
‘ b 0 a 22z a . nim le . g , the Persi ns
‘ 6 0 201 - 122 0 a 1 . a . 22z a . 11 , pl , rider , horsem n g , Persi n
‘ 6 0 0 21 s e w 0 01 a 11 6 1 6” . g , h ste , wheel .
‘ ‘ ’ 6 0 201 - 1 122 a . 0 6 . 0 0 16 11 , pl . , t ilor g , pl g , wonderful . 0 ‘ ‘ ’ 6 1 . 0 2001 a a 0 21z 0 0 1z , pl 6 , uncle (m tern l) g , see g .
‘
010 . 0 a . 6 , country, Open 1y , illness ‘ — 010 . 010 0 0 122 1 a a a . 22 . . 6 , pl 6 , unt (m tern l) 1y , pl , ill , sick
6 ‘ 012 - 3 . 122 020222 002 . 0 6 2, pl , finished , thoroughly , , , pl t a n . U qui e . w nti g ( sed to express 0 11 a b ‘ 6 , vineg r . the ver to
‘ 6 011 2 01 1 fi n . 010 a a a a . , 1 6 , m ke re dy, ish , on , upon , g inst, over
‘ 0222 022 f 03 022230 five . 0 10 3 b a o for . 6 , 6 , , ec use ,
‘ 0 t 011 122 22213 . 2 6 , fif h . , pl 13 , high .
‘ ‘ 0 17 - 2 011 . 1 0 a . . 122 a . 222 0 0222 6 5 , pl , extern l , pl , le rned
‘
02 2 0 out . 0 110 z a . 6 g , drive 0, y , h ng up 0 e 6 6 b 011122 20 a . 6 , etrothed . 1 1 , te ch
‘ 0122 0 222022022200 1 a a . 6 , wish , desire . , l st ye r 132 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
' 1 0 11 . 022211 do . 0 02220 222 , , see ' ‘ ‘ 10 '11 l 0 0 a a 22 222 222 . 0 222222 . 222 222 . , p , uncle (p tern l) , see
‘ ‘ ‘
a ab h a . 222222 02222 022 . , of, inste d, out, t n, from , see
‘ ‘ ‘ 22 01 10 0 11 0 0 . 0220 a t a 06 02 . 0 , with , , ne r, , 0 , see 0
‘ ‘
022 006 I a a & c . 2022 , h ve , thou h st , 5 , see
‘ ‘ ‘
0 11 l . 0 010 . a z r . 0 , p 0 , intelligent, clever , excuse
'
0 1 . 0 , mind , intelligence
‘ 02 06 A ab B e K. (collectively), r s , 9 ‘
0 n 6 M a . duin s 1622 02 0 6 a ab . 0 60 aaba at ; , Ar , the K ecc
0 2 0 61 a b ab 6 0 66 22 . , Ar ic , Ar , , pour out
‘ - - - a r 60 1 e cab 6 00006 172 a . g , pl . 1y , driver, , pl . , li r ’ 6 2 2 6 1 a a . 0 1 ffi . co chm n 0 , 1 1 , su ce '
- 02 10 b r a . 6 2122 u fii ie n t 1 . s c . , o d 07 , pl j ,
0 2 2 2 6 2 0 a . 6012 . 2 02 . 00 , m ke known 1 , pl 10 , infidel
0 3 01 . 6 0 2 6 22 212 a . , honey f , pl . f , vill ge
‘ ‘
0 60 0612 . 6 3 2 1 03 0 22 . , pl . , soldier 66, , cough ‘ 6 1 f 0 . 6 010272 aff a o . , , live , speech , ir spoken
te n . 6016 6 2106 . , pl . , dog 6 ' 1 6 . . 011722 2 . a tenth , y , spe k
w 6 2 h w ? how . 022 o t enty , some much
thirst . m any P ' c 0 1 0 . 0 50 6 . 0 5 22 . 0 222022 a a , pl 1 , thirsty , still , g in, more
‘ 0 1 60 2 0222 2 . 7 06072 . , see 01 , be
‘
22 172 . 020 2 6022022 . 6 0 20022 , see , pl , stove "
11 z c a . 60 6 0 0 02 2 3 . 3 1 . , y , h nge (house) , pl , cup
‘ 2 022 . 022 603 02 0 b a . , pl 6 eye, spring , , re k
f a 6 0 az . o . 6 031072 . 03 10 ( w ter) , pl , idle , l y ‘
. of 0 222 b . 60106 2 . pl 0 , one write
‘ 110 6 a b ox 6 1 b . f 016 . 6010 60 . o pl , c se , , pl , scri e , secre
‘ c 11222 121222 . 22 . a . , pl , knowledge t ry, clerk
‘
122221 1 a . 60216 w , , m ke, do , correspond ith some
‘ ’
22 0 n w . o n e . fi , k o
0 h . 60116 601060 , t irst , see .
‘ - 02222 a e 60l 1a 2 16 . a a . , g , life time . , y , incre se , m ke more
‘ 2 602 6 2 01 . 0 a . 0 20011721 . 0 . , pl , tenth , tenth p rt , pl 03 , locksmith
‘
02 02220 ba . 6 0612 6 22602 a a . , nquet , pl . , gre t, l rge
1 Y 34. COLL OQUIAL EG PTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
1 0 - 222010222 adv. of 2220720 1 . 272 220011 a , known ; ( ) course, , pl , pocket h nd
a . cert inly . kerchief ’ - 00 - 72 7220222720722 172 a 772 3 12 . 1 a as , pl . , gr teful . j , pl , tr veller, p
- 172 ffi a . . pl . , o ci l senger
77200221 a a . 222030172 . 2220300172 . pl . , me ning, ide , pl , poor
- 1 2 - 0 722 2 0 232 . 172 barb . 2220 011 . 1 . 0 , pl , scissors 23 , pl , er
6 1 2220 . 2220 21 a c . 0 , c epted 1 721320022 a . 722 72 a . pl . , wom n , from ; th n 1 h 00 . 272 22 w o 27202 00 . 07722 , pl , illness ,
130 2220 2 10 22202 00 . 772 . , pl . , ill , evening 1 10 6 0616 . 222 3 1 a . 77202 16 . 22202 , pl , ship , , t ke hold of
- 36 01 7721 . 27202 2 0 . , pl , time (once , , she is not
7012 f 2 a 222 . o 2220 0 a . known ; f vour, kind 23 , pl 3 , w ter 222 20 ness . 23 , hundred . 1 7720 20 2722 20 12 . 0 22203 2 1 E an . 7220 3 2 1200 . , pl of , gypti 3 , see 3
27203 2 E a . 22201 a . , gypt, C iro , de th 1 02 20 a 22203 2 1 22203 2 0. . , see composer, uthor
21000 f 772 . 722 S a 033 0 o . , , touch , period, p ce time
022 01220 of 616 S 22221 22 2220 . pl . heikh, vil , see
‘
a 2222 102 . 7720 011 . l ge elder . 0 1, pl f 0, key 01222222 722016 02 a . 27222 a . , f mous , import nt, interesting
1210 272 110 22 0 . 222062 1 a . 222 0, sunrise , morning, e st , see
- 7220122 b 21 0 . 272 2 . 772012 6 . 1 2 , pl , drink , drunk , possi le
11 - 172 M 27206201 a a . 272213 772 . a a , ro st, ro sted , pl , oh mmed n
0 ai b a 7720102 . 0222 2 . , pl 1 , r n . (su st ntive) 5 n t 7720223 1772 a n . 77222 o . , se so , he is , not
' 5 111 7720222011 2222 . 77222 10 . , y , kill 5 , occupied
- 27200111272 . 122 a ro , pl , te cher , p
fe s s or .
sale . 9 722000222002 . 7200 772 es a sa ? , round , turned , y wh t do you y
- 0 0 0 01 . 1 01 0 . 2220 2222 . 22 0 a 2220 72 a . , pl , town , pl , pl nt, veget tion
0 1 0222 7 2 0 0 22200 13 2200 . 0 0 720 2 13 2 o . , pl . , scho l , pl 0 , prophet, the
060 - 1 n 722 116 22 . . , pl . , correspo dent Prophet
2720102220172 a 72000 172001 a ou t . , coloured, p inted , y , c ll
0 00 a 722011 . 77211 n 72 012 0 . 6 , pl 6 , ice , excellent . , c ll (to) ARABIC- ENGLISH VOCABULAR Y 135
02 72212 72 720 0 0 . a 0 2002 0 , pl spect cles , tele , pl . , light .
. 72223 3 a scope , pl . h lf.
72
b a Q. re th .
- 720 . 172 0 0 0 o 0 , pl , useful . 0 , , sit, sit down .
- 0 0 02 172 a . 0011 1 gg , pl . , c rpenter g , y g. , meet .
- 220 002 . 01 da as 001 b , pl , y ( opposed 0 , efore . 00 . 0 z a . to night) 0 , si e , form , qu ntity
220 10 22 0 1 001 22000 0 , bee collectively , 0, 0 , pl . 0 , judge .
01 220 b 0 722 . . 772 a . ees 0 , pl 0 , old , ncient
22 0 00 . 0 0 1 0 2 . 072 2 20 a a a , pl , river 00/ pl . 0 fi , c r v n .
220010 a - 0 0 0 - e - a 020 . ff , p lm tree ; collectively, 0 5 , pl fy , co ee house
- 220 1 a a . 0, d te p lms keeper .
' a 00 0 fi 2201 a . 20 co ee . , pl . s nd l, sole 0 ,
22 00 0 0 00 1 f - 0722 0 20 . 20 , , sleep . 0 , pl 0 , co fee house,
0 . a é 2202223 201 a . , Austri n c f
7202 7212 072 01 21 sa , pl . , fire . 0 , , y, tell.
- 110 n 010222 0 10722 - 2202 a a . g , rgileh (w ter pipe for 0 , pl 0 , reed pen . 1 . 1 2 0 . 010 . 22 a smoking) 0 , pl 0 , he rt
2703 m an a . 0111 . , , m nkind, people 0 , little of, few
7203 0 22 ou t . 07220 2 0, , copy 0 , moon .
- 122 . 3 0 022 0 222 22222 072 . 22 3 . 1 . , pl , sleepy 0 , pl 0 3 , shirt
03 1 f 223 22 1 0 72 1 . 21 . o . dry 0 , pl 0 , consul
10 1 0 l - 220102 2220 2 . 022 01 . 0720 11 o d a 0 , pl 0 , f shioned
1 . 720 22 a . 1, , jump l mp
77 22 e . 1 01 0 02 e 0 02 . 022 1 b 2 s 72 0 2 . , , look , 0 , pl 0 , ridge
220010 02 0 0 a , wine . 0 , , re d .
- 72000 2 . 0 172 a 0 02 1 . 3 , end 0 , pl . , ne r
0 72 2 222 . 722 01772 a . 02 2 0 0 1 02 2 10 a a . 2 , pl 0 , st r g , _y 0 , ppro ch
- 172 3 12 . . 2211 . 0 , Nile 0 , pl , short
7212 022 2202 . 0 . , see , cut
721320072 77202 0 . 010 1 22 . see 0 , , kill , murder
1 0 0200222 . 721§ . f , , be dry 0 , quickly
- 2 01 0201 . 0 202 0 72 70 . . 13 , pl , intention 0 , pl 0 3 , strong, power
2212 11 1 n . , , desce d . ful ; very
012 0 ab 7222 0722 72 772 1 . g , see 20 . 0 , , be le 136 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN A RABIC GRAMMAR
1 12 0 222 210 . 2 0 . 0 , pl . 0 , monkey 0 , odour 4 1010 0 1 3 a 2 . 2 . 0 , pl pi stre . , , ride
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 . 22000222 b of . 2 0 0 , efore, in front 0 , see 0
2221722 0 01222 . a a 0 , see 0 . pl qu rter
22 0 010 21110 . 0101 a a 2 0 2 0 0 , pl 0 , n tive w ter 0 , see
2 10 2 0 b . 2 0. ottle , see
221210 010. . 0 , see 0 rice
0220221 0220S 11 0 , see 0 .
a S an d S . ne r .
222 2135 00 0 . a 0 , see , pl hour, w tch . 1 2 - 00 1 0 k 2 00 0 2 . 172 . 0 as be . 0 23 , pl , short , , , g f to o . . 0 a a . Opposite , in front pl 03 , w tchm ker
22 22 . 00 001 . 0 1 , cotton , seven
01 0 . cat 000 difii l f r . cu t o . 0 1 , pl collectively, , pl )
2211 a 00000 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 a . 0 , c ts , pl , ground , c use
0 n 00 0 . 0, morni g
R . 00002 22 a . , , be p tient
0 22 . 00 11 . 00 2 0 0 0 0110 b a . , , thunder , pl , pu lic fount in
72 L . 02 2 00 0 O 00 . 0 21 . , ur ord 7 , pl journey
'
n a . 0 12 z . 0 a . spri g (se son) 07 , y , tr vel 7 2 00 . 00 2 0 rn . o f 0 a r . , thunder f , fe 0f , yellow
00 22 00 0 c ac . 2 0 bac . , , give k , return 00, , be corre t ex t
’
- 2 001 122 00010 . 00000 f , pl . gy , content . , pl , riend, pro
6 2 r a 02 2 3 a f b a rie tor . n , pl . 6 7 , lo of re d . p
'
m n . 0 21 . 2 2 010 0 0 2 a . 0 0 g , pl 33 , 0 , friend , proprietress
0 21 o a a 00 1 . 022 0 . 2 o . 0, , g , g w y 00, pl 00, correct
2 22 00 a 0001 . 0220211 a . pl . 0 , che p . , pl , e sy
2 02220 02 2221 w 00 2 0 . 00 02 0 . , 0 , thro . 0 , pl 0 , desert f r 2 07221 a . . a o , s nd pl h ppy,
2 0 0 00 . a tu nate . 0 , pl neck, thro t .
’
0s 2 22 21s . 0 U E . 2 . a 001 pl or he d , pper gypt
2 101 1 0 b 7 2 . 2 0 e . 00 10 0. a o , y , content 9 , y , le ve, let g
'
2 2 018 2 0 21. 0000 72 22 . 20 , see g , , dwell
0 ba 00 02 072 . 00 002 0 . , come ck . , pl , drunk
1072 an . 2 . 02 2 1 0 00172 . o f 022 2 t . 0 1 n pl g , foo , pl 1 , sult
1 . 2 . 11722 . 00 1011222 a . 001 0, pl wind , pl , st irs , steps
1 38 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
- T an d . . 01 i i act T pl , V s t ;
10 0 10010 . 100112 n . , , pl , Come here ho ouring
100110772 2122 . 0100 1 10§ . , 5 , study 1 , y 1 , fold
100 a . b . , f tigue o ey
. 01011 01 . a . 2110 n ture , disposition 1 , pl 1 , long
. 12 101 11 012 0 r 1 . , p int , , three
1000 22 . 12 2221112 a a a . 0, , cook ; lw ys , const ntly
- . 122 . 12 02 0 a . pl , tired 20 , tr de , commerce
a . 1110 0 b . n ture , , ecome tired
10 010 . 0 1 000 a . 112 0 f x b . 1 72 . o 102 o , pl , physici n , pl , , ull
’ ‘ 2 10 0 1 1 out . 1z r a 1 . f , 0 07 , extinguish , put , nine
0 0 a . 1 12 . 122 2 102 112 072 . g , pl gg , merch nt , see
0 022 0 . 121 0r 1 0 , , grind gg , see
10 1 . 12111 a . 0, under, down , third g)
‘ 10 122 . 121 0720 a . 121121 15107213 . 0 , pl 0 , thick, co rse , sunrise
0 210 . 0 210122 . 11122222 a n 1 0 , pl 1 10 , good , eighth
10100 22 a ask. 02 21 02 1 . , , dem nd , 1 0, see 1 0 l 10111 . a . , third ninth ( g )
1211001 101011. , see
a a . c use to rise, extr ct
10 2220222 . , completely, precisely
10272072 . 100 and . , price ,
. 1022202 20 107220221 . 10 , , eight promise
- 01 a a 0010 z . 1000212 . 10222001 . 10 72 a , pl , idle, l y , pl , ste mer, ste m
10722172 h . . , eig th engine , locomotive
'
10222222212 . 100000 2100001 a a . , July , y , le d , c rry
'
022 . . 0 10721 . 10001 102 a , second , pl y , v lley
2 a . 10 11 . 122 01 a . 10 0 0 0 a 0 , pl 0 , he vy 00 , 3 0 , p in , che
00221 n ba . 02 1 fl . 100 1 , , y 0 , si gle ( chelor)
- 0 10 rn . 100001 . 102 00072 0 . 01 a b . 10 , pl , t le 0 , fe , one
102 010 01 b . 100 2 1 a . , 0 , olt 0 , l te
'
102 0210 . 02 0010 a b fez . 1000021 210. eat . , pl 1 , t r ush , , y , give to
1 . 0 21 01 . 102 0 222 11. a a . 100 g , y , tr nsl te 0 , pl 0 , time 00 102100 10210022 0 . 1 . 10 02 1 10010 0 211 102 20 a . 0, pl 0, history, d te , pl , , ,
o h . 102 1 . 212 22 wa . b 0, pl 1 0, y y , c ild
120122 b a . 1001 . 100 , ninth , oth the p rents ARABIC- ENGLISH VOCABULARY 139
. 2 20 10011 . 20211012 . 0722 0 772 da , pl , governor , ruler 1 , pl 5 y
- 200110 o r . . , (twenty four hours)
1002 0 b . , ehind
2002 0 . 0 112 0 a o f Z . 0, pl 0, le f, sheet
0 2 0 a . a a . 2 00 a p per, p per , , ppe r
1002 02 1002 0 2 002 2 . 02 002 , rose collectively, , , pl , flower ; col
l ectivel 2 002 . roses . y, , flowers
' '
- 1002 2 0 21002 2 1 . 2 01022 . 172 a f , y , show , pl , ngry, of ended
n ba . b . hi d one, ck one ored
1 100 2 1 2 0 12 012 a a . middle ; f , in the , e rthqu ke
. 2 0222022 . 02 722122 1 middle , pl , time, long
10011 low . . , time
0 22 11 ] . z0 a . 2 0 2 0720011 a a 0y , with , p , l rge n tive
0 0 b . 10 1 72 21z 122 . a , y , weigh sket
0. 10 2 02222 n . see , thi k , suspect 10 10 72 . 1010072 ear. 2 02 2 . a . , pl 7; pl eleg nt, nice
a . 2 02 0 . of 02 2 0 b . f ll 0 , fem 0, lue
2 102100 10010 0. 2 0 2 0 as . , see 3 , , , like
10210072 100100. 2 01 . , see , oil
x2 2 . 101 1010 122 . 2 1001 b . 1, pl 0 , dirty , utter
1005 1 w a s t . 2 121 0 a a . , , be ngry , irrit ted
2 2001 a a 0 , incre se , ddition ;
002 y , more, too much .
Y . 2 21 0 a b . g g, gl ss ; ottle
2 0 O ! f 2 - o . 0 02 a 2 2 . 1 4 , h (sign voc tive ) 20 0 pl 72
0 . 0 . o r a . y y , either . sm ll
122 0 221 . 2 21 0 . 02 1 1 a . 1 , right (side) 0 0, pl 00 , l ne , street
20 122 1 0 722 . 0 222 22 a . 2 212 . 4 , pl , o th , forgery, perjury, force
‘ ’
0 722 a a . . 2 212 . of 02 2 0 b . y , th t me ns, i e 0, pl 0, lue I I E N GL I S H - A R A B I C VOCA B UL A RY .
a a n 10221 77202 2 0 . A g i ,
‘ ab 1012 0 h a e s 12272 07222 . le, be , 0 , (wit present g , ‘ a 2110 a 111 010 . following). gree upon , f 0, y 100
ab 722022 2 11 . 22202202 11. a ab 10 1 . ode, , pl gree le , 11; pl 1000 ab 0 . a z ove, f 0 griculture , fi ,
b 212 0 . 212 21 . air 00100. a scess , 0 0 , pl 0 0 , ’
- ab 0 10 . 122 . 010 0. sent , g , pl Aleppo, 0
’ a b 00 1. a a 2302 2202 2 2 22 . sent , be , g , Alex ndri , 3
b a 02100 A a a 2002 22 02 2 0221. A yssini , lex ndri n , ’
Ab a 000351. a 2 2 0 12 11. yssini n , 0 Algeri n , g ’ a 1021 0 13 10 00 151. 2 2 2 0 12 . ccept , 0 , ; 0 00 Algiers , gg a a z b 210221000 all 02211 2 072212 cclim ti ed , ecome , , , , 5 ‘ ’
010 100100. a 3 02220 0 . llow, 0,
2 a a 00 2 10. a 102 2 ccomp ny, 003 lmond , collectively,
0 . . 50 0101 a a 500100 a . ccus tion , , pl lmonds
a c t a 10 2 10022 . c us om (oneselfto something), lmost, 0
‘ 2 21021100 11 . 010 a 100010 100001 1000000 00 lone , ( , , a I a m a ccustomed , ccustomed
‘
- 0002 02212220 & c . 0222 a 02 1 1211. to , , , ; , long , ‘ 0 & 0110 c . w h . a 00722072 . , it present lso , c ’ a 0 1 . 21 211 2 00022 . a h 102 172 7220 0 cre , 0 0 , pl 0 0 f lthoug , ,
’ 2 a 2 02 12 12 . a a 00 1222022 12 7222111. dorn , 0 00 lw ys, ,
a 22222 0 0222 . a 022212 100. dventure , 01 Americ ,
' a a 2 2 0 2 a 0 22212 101. fr id , be, 00, y 0f ; 00 Americ n ,
2 w as a a . a n 2220010 . 77200012 . fr id mou t, 5 , pl g
a 2 1 22 . a n 22212 2 01. Afric , 0 013 chor,
A a a 0 01722 . fric n , ncient, 0
a t t 000. a n d 100 f er ( ime), , ,
aft n 00 . 0 2 002102 . an be 0 er oon , gry, , ° - t 0 . a a 00 072 0002 2220. a a 0120072 01. f erw rds, nim l, 0 , pl
1 42 COLL OQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
0 b a 0m b 00222222 . 012220. e uty, g lood, , pl 9
12 12272 . 0 b a 12 b 2 0 00 2 0 . ec use , 0 , lossom , ,
b 002 1. b 02 02 0010 . ecome, , low, 0 , 0 ’
0 . 22 21 $ 2 2 12 b ed a r 02 3r0 2 § b 02 2 0 . 2 02 0 . 2 222 . , f ,f , pl f lue, 0, fem 0 , pl 0 ’
0 12 220 1 b 0 . 0 b 22 121 2 10 1 . e e . a 0 2 , 0 ; collectively, 0 o t , f , pl f
' ’
b 012 0 a b 0212 . b zs m . 0 s0222 . eer, ; n tive eer, ody, g , pl g
' ‘
0 . 02 1 . b 22 2 22 a 7z b 7220 2121 . eetle , g , pl g oiled, 0
' ‘ 22000272 b a . b 0 222 . 1 0222 . efore (pl ce), 0 one, 0 , pl 0 01 b 0 0 b 0 00 . . . 11 211220 efore (time), 0 ook, , pl
b a 001022 0 221001022 . b 12210010 0. eforeh nd , 0 orn , be, 0 b e 00 01 0 . b 1s 1 10 1s 1. g, 0 , orrow, fi y
b e t 112 0 0 11. b g (reques ), gg , y oth ,
'
- b 101000 201101 b 003 . 01. egin , , y . owl , , pl
‘
b ox 2022 021 . b n 101100 02210221. ra2z 001 0102 egi ning, , t 0, pl t 0
b 0 100. eginning, in the, 0
bo 100100 . 1100. b 1002 0. 10 ehind , y, , pl ‘ 1 ’ b b a a r . 2 2 21. elieve , r nch , f , pl f b ‘ b 00 72 . 022 2122 a 02 0 elly, 1 , pl 1 . r ndy, 0;
‘ ’ - b . b a ba 132 0111. elonging to , fem re d, home ked, ‘
b a 0 2 0. . 022121. pl re dth ,
' '
- 0 0 b a 1. 20. b 12 222 . 1. elt , 0 , pl re k , y
0 00 . 77203 0110 12200302 12201s 12 . b 2220 0 . ench , 1 , pl , y ’
00 1 . 2 2 0 b a 1 102 . 2220212 a b 002 2 00 00 . Ber erine , , pl re st, , pl , ; wom n s
b a 2z 0 a m0 . b a 012 2 . 0 02 02 eside, g (g ) re sts, , pl
b 0002 1. b a 720 03 . etimes , re th , f b b 2100 . etter, rick, 1 ‘ ‘ - b 02 0s2 . 02 0 zs . b 12 00 . 01. ill , 0 , pl ride, , pl ‘ ‘
b 02 12 . 12 5022 . b 112 . 2212 . ird , , pl 113 ridegroom , , pl
072 02 0 . 0 0122 b 1011002 . b 22 irth , ridge , 0 1 , pl 0
00 1. ha n 12 0222 . 12 22222 . b bit ( r ess), 20 , pl 10 ring, g ,
‘ ‘ 0 0 12 . b 0 0 o. b ba 2 ite; 0 , ring ck, gg , y ’ b f 1011202 1 121110. b 222222 2 . 02222 02 . itter, , pl ring orth , ,
'
2 0 2 . b a 13 1010 . S 000 . 5 210. b a 0 2 0 l ck , , fem , pl ring ne r, 0 , y 0
1 001. b 002 10 1. b u 2 0000 2 0 less , , y ring p, , y ‘ ‘ - 10. 0 2 . 172 02 b 72212002 00. b a 10 s lessed , ro d , , pl ;
' ‘ - 0000 . 01. b fem . 0222 0 . a 22z 022 . b 7220 lind , y , pl y room, 0 , pl ENGLISH - A R A B I C VOCABULAR Y 143
’ ’ b 0 . 1 10022 10102 a 0 222 02 1 . 7220002 12102 . rother, 0, pl 0 (in C irene , , pl
a 222002 722002 2 1 0012 0 . construction , C iro , 0
’ ‘ - - l 0 02 a b in aw a a 0 2 1 . u 211. rother ( m n s), , c lf, g , pl g
. 00002 . a 011. pl c lico , ’ b - in - l aw a a a 720000 0 rother ( wom n s), c ll , , (to some one ,
. a n a 002222220 1002227221. pl c ll ( me), , y ’ b 002220 2 . 002222 0 a m a a rown , , fem , pl . c ll y n me is, thy n me ’ ’ ’ 022 2222 . 102221 1022200 1022200 is, , , , ’ ' b 212 02 . é r a 0. 82 0. rush, f , pl f
' '
0 . b 02 2 0 z . a 022201 z 22201. rush , f , y f c mel , g , pl g
b f a 0222210 . 0 w 0m10. a 02 172 u f lo , g , pl g c mel (for riding), g , pl .
0 22 . bu 00220 1072 1. 21 22 ild, , y g
0 - 0220 . 22 a 12210 . 0 . b 1 0 0 2 . 1 uilding, , pl 1y c ndle, , pl
b 102 . 112 072 . a 22200 0 . ull , , pl c nnon , 7 , pl
b 02221 . 0 22201. a a n . urden , 0 , pl 0 c pt i , pl
b a a7z 0z e. a a a 0 112 . 010011. uri l , g c r v n , 07 , pl 0 0 ’ b a a e . /a urn , c rc se , gfi , pl gfi f .
- 0 . b 122 02 0 1 11 02 0 1. a 220 2 122 . urn down , 0 0, ; 0 0, c rpenter, gg , pl
g 0 a 02 002 . 02 0 10 b 101 2 0 . urn up 0, c rpet , gg , pl g
' ‘ 2 - 2 112 1 a a 0 2 0 0 2 . 01. y 0 0 c rri ge , 13 , pl
t n . b a s 02 0 22 . a 022201 1 urn up ( r ), 0 0, c rry, 0 , — b 00 a 2z 1. 2 22 01. a 0 2 . ury, f , c stle , 00 , pl
- b 021 12 0 . 01. c a t 211 0 2211. ush , 03 , pl , 0 1 collectively, 0
b 2220010 0 . 722000110 a a 220 2 12 . usiness , 0 , pl ; c t rrh ,
7 1 022 1 . 00 01. a 7221010 1. 5 , pl 5 c tch hold , ,
b ut 100122 . a 00000 . 00000. , c use, , pl
- b a z z 02 . 122 . a 211220 0 utcher, g , pl ce se , 0 , .
b 2 1002 . a 2 2 2 . utter, ced r,
b 2 12 2 . 2 222 02 a 0010 . 0 0 22 . utton , , pl cell r, 0 , pl 0 13
2 0 20 . 001 . b u 1 102 0 112 1 22212 02 2 . 22202 2 y, , 3 centre, , pl ‘ b all a 22 27222201 2220121222 . n 0 02 . y me ns , , ce tury, , pl
a 0010. cert in ,
. 2 0 2220121222 C a 2 222222 1 . cert inly, ;
' - c ab d 2 a 0 2 . 01. a 0212 01 . 00 2 001. , 1y , pl ch ir, , pl
0220 12 . 1000012 a 0 a . c ctus, ch lk ,
- a é ff 00102 . a 02 0 22 . c f (co ee house), 0 ch meleon , 0 00 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTI AN ARABIC GRAMMAR
00 . a 12 1r 0 0 a 0222 22 210 . 002 022 10 ab ch nge , gy ; (money, f ) clo k, , pl ; (Ar ), '
an 0 20 2 2 00001 210. . 001 E a ch ge , 0 13 , y ;0 03 pl ; ( urope n),
a h 0000 00001001. ch nge ( ouse), , pl .
n 002 0 1. a a 0 a 0 . ch nge (mo ey), f , cloth (m teri l), g 0, g 0
a ab 22222 0 2 0 2 . h tab 012 2 000 m 2221 ch nge le, 10 10 clot ( le f ’ 10 . a a 221 . 0 ch r cter, 0 0, pl 0 0
02222 0 . 0 ar a 0 722 on e 022 21222 . ch co l/ 0 ; piece ,f clothes ,
0 . 1 a 2 0 10 . 2 22 0 122z . 221222 . che p , 0 , pl 0 cloud, ag , pl 5 10
’
a 000 22 . 022 01222 . che t , g , clover,
. 22010. 00 2 00 0 0 . 0 a 11 . 010 11 cheek , 0 , pl 0 co st , , pl
- 0 211 122 . 0 1 0 7220 0 . 01 0 21 . cheerful , , pl cock, , pl . 0
1022 2 . ff 00102 b a cheese , g co ee (drink), 0 ; ( e ns),
0a 1r 022 . 00 0 0 chess , g .
' 10 b x - h a 0 2 o co flee n 022 . 2 220 122 . chest ( um n), ; ( ), cup , fi g , pl f g 1 f 00 22021 . 00 2200 . co fer, 0, pl 0
22 2 2 0. 0 0. a 0 0 002 0 ad . 0 2 1 chest of dr wers , cold, j ’ c n 00010222 . 1022 . 0110022 . hest ut colour, , pl
'
100100 . 27100 101100 102210022 zl02210122 . child, , pl ( ) colour, , y
‘ ‘ 122 . 0 022210 00 22 . 022 2 022221 . 0 10 . chin , 0 , pl 0 column , , pl
00 001 . 1 01 a 011 2 22 b 222 1 . 02220 . Chin , com , 0, pl
0122 1. 0 1 1. Chinese , come , g , y g
720 0 1220 1 12210 00 ! a 10010 . choose , 00 , 0 00 0 , come (imper tive), , fem
' '
10 1 102 2 102 . 1 0 22 . 222 10 1001 . 121 1 y 0 0 , y 0 , pl ’ ’
0 . t 2 12220 010. a 0 2222 . 010 22212 Chris , comm nd, , pl 7 a 72002 0221 . 22 0002 0. a 0 22202 21222222 Christi n , , pl comm nd, , 3
0 02 . h 0222102 . 100 2 122 1 churc , , pl common ,
a 02 02 0 . a 0000. cig rette , 0 , pl comp re ,
0 2 0 . 01 0 01 a 1 0 10 1. a 1 0 1 11 0 0 . circumst nce, 0 , pl 0 compl in, , 0
1 0 1 . 0a 0r . a 0r cistern, g, pl 0 g compose (write), 1 00 0 a 010 . 111 111 cit del , 0 , pl concord, 0 0 0.
a . 2222 2 : 01 . 001001 002 1 cle n , pl 00 condition , 0 , pl ; ,
2 0222 1 0 22 . a 72 2 1 . 21 . cle n , 00% 3 pl
a a n 00 - 10 1 2 12 . 122 . 0 0 1 110 1. cle r (pl i ), , pl conquer, 0 , ; <0 ,
a 0022 0 2 0002 0 . 2 101 0 cle r , be, ; , consent,
‘ a a 002 1 0 101 02 0 0 2 1 2 . cle r, m ke , , . consider, W , y 0
a 00100. a 20102220211 clim te , Const ntinople , .
146 COLLOQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
da 0100 01202 . a . 00 0 02 y, by, dist nt, pl ; (from ‘
2 0 . a 200 11 . 020 20 1 00 . de d, 0 , pl
a 2001. 00 00 . 00001 . de th , ditch , 0 0, pl 0 0
‘
22200100 d 2 1. b . o 102 1 de tor , 3 , , 00 b 02 2 2 20 022 22210 00120 . 000200. Decem er, ( doctor, 0 , pl 0 ’
0110 . 2 1 00 10 . 0 dog, , pl
' ‘ - 01. l . 0 01 . a a 2 . 1 deed ( ction), fi , pl 0f doll r, 00 , pl
7 1 12 0201 . 222002 . 0 222 . deep , 5 donkey, 0 , pl 0
’ ’ ’
a 110 02 zt 000 0 02000or 01000 . del y, 00 , y door, , pl .
- - a 010 0 22 . 00222000 1 0 . dem nd, 1 , door keeper, , pl .
. 00 5220 0 b 00 . 0 demon , pl dou t , , pl without
°
a s 0 2 zs 0 2 . 01 3000 b 10 . dep rt, fi , y fi dou t , 2
. 0 00 2 00 a s 0 a r b 0 0 0 . dep rture , f dou t, , 0
002 02010. 002 15 . 1 20 100 . Dervish , , pl down ,
221 11 1. 22 0 0 2 a a 122 20 22 . 1 2 0 descend , , dr gom n , g , pl b ’ z2010 . descri e, g
' ‘
0 2200 0 . 2 zs w 0 20 a 2 022200 . description , gf , 97 dr w (design), y
r0 2 0 . 002 0 010. 0 2 0222 12 a 0 . . desert, , 0 , pl 90 ; 0 dr wer, g, pl g ’
2 2 0 1 2 . 10 0 . 110 s 0 s2 a . 0 desire, 3 , dr wers , , pl
. 00 20110 . 100013 11. devil , pl 3 dress , , y
0 000. n l 1101s 0 . dew, dress o ese f, ,
1 - 22 01 2 2 0 0 2 0. 20 n 20035 210 . 1 die , , (of dri k, , pl ;
ffi 00 . 0100 36 1 n 12 0 0 . di cult , 9 , pl ; this is dri k , ,
difli cult m e 01 2 00 2 0 0 0212000212 for , drive , 0, ( ,
0 02 0 . dig, 07 ,
‘ ' 2 0 . 2 t n 220 2 2 . 0 020 01 2 2 . 2 0 00 . direc io , 03 , pl driver , g , pl $
0 02 12 . r a 00 10 . director, d omed ry, g , pl
0 0 0 1. 0 0 20 3 20 220 0 . 22 dirt, 0 0 drop , 01 , pl 0 1.
1 1 10 . $ 002 00 2012 . 20 3 a . dirty, 0, pl 0 drunk (intoxic ted), , pl 220 2 001 222 00 20 22 0 3 0 2 0 . discontented , ;
- 20002 01. . 10 . dry , pl
01 0 . 1. dr 221 discover, y ,
' ’
a 0 2lv. dr 122 . disgr ceful , f 0 y _y
0011. 0 2 00 . 00112 disgusting, 0 f duck, collectively,
h g0 0 . 922 00 . a 222 0002 . dis , 0 , pl , 0 dur tion ,
21 00. e 10 0010 . 1 2 disord r , 0 dust , ENGLIS H - ARABIC VOCABULAR Y 1 47
7 - 0 a 22 00010 . 200 02 . 1. 20 duty , 5 , pl entert inment ,
0 0110. $ 0 00 0 . dwell , , entirely , 0
i n 2 w 2220222 11 . 2 00 0 02 11. a 22 00 211 d elling, , pl entr nce (coming ), 0 ,
- pl . 01.
a w a i n 022001. entr nce ( y ), 9 a 021112 200 10. 2 02 . 2 222 22 . e ch , 0 envelope , 7; pl f
ear 201022 . 0000 or 122000 . 1. , , pl envelope ,
0 02 . 20 0 00 1 a 0002 1. a 201 20 20 2 e rly , err nd , , pl ’ ’ 2 10 102. a 02 0. 0110 . 0 e rth , error, g , pl 5 0 a a 2 0 12 012 . 2 0102 11. 0 0 . 020 1. e rthqu ke , , pl eunuch , 0 , pl 00
a 2 120 002 1 . E e st, 0 urope ,
’
a n 00200 002 1. E a 722 22 000220 r e0 i . e st wi d, 0 urope n , f g
a 002 1. 00110 e stern , 0 even ,
‘
a 0001 . 022001 222100 2 00 . e sy, , pl evening ,
‘ 0 eat a t all 0 10 022112 01. , events , , 0
02 0 . 02211 n a n ab . edge , 1 /j pl every, (u ch ge le) ‘ 0
0000 . z 022 112 20012 0 . egg, , pl collectively , everywhere , f 0
- a a n 120 11 00 . 01. ex min tio , 0 , pl
E 20002 21222002 . a 120 10 00 212011010 . gypt, ex mine, 0 , 0
E an 222002 1. a 20 000 1 . 0 2 0001. gypti , ex mple , , pl
or 0 . 0. . . 20 0001022 . , y y , either ' e g
' ‘
b . n 0 2 120 . 222 020 . el ow, pl excelle t , , pl 9 a 2 02 . 2 02 2 0 . 02 1110. eleg nt , 0; pl 0 except , 5 ; " ’ a n t 11 . z 122 12 eleph , f , pl excuse oneself, y
a 2 222002 2 220. emer ld ,
1 02 0 72 . 20 2 2 000 21. emperor , 1 exist, ,
022 1 . 0 01. w 0 00. employment, 0 , pl 00 existence , g
' ‘ - / 002 . 10 . at 010 01000. empty, f , pl gj expense , his ,
0 100 0. 1a r 102 . 10 02 10. end , 3 experience , g , pl g
b a 1 1022220 01 2 1121. a a t n endure ( e r), 0 , 0 expl n io
a t 1010 020 0010 12 0. n 2 002 0 . endure (l s ), 0 , y 0 expressio ,
‘
0022 . 000. 2220 00 1. enemy, , pl extend , , ’
E a 01100 2 1122 2 112 . 2 1 ngl nd , g extinguish , 3 1l
c 0
E 1 2 112 1. . / 00 0 222 0 . nglish , 00 eye , pl 00 , 3
— - h 1 02 e . b 0 10 0 w0 1 . 0 0200 . 0 enoug , f 0y ; eye row, 0g , pl 0 g
- - 0 01. 0 01 22 . a 2200002 0 . enter , 0 , eye gl ss , , pl L 2 1 48 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
- 0 2 020210. a 2 2 222 . 0212 0 . 0212002 . eye l sh , , pl figure , , pl
' '
- n . 22 022 . 20 010 z m10. eye lid , ggf , pl g f fill , , y
a fin lly,
200 0 0 0 10. find, g , y g
F . fine,
- 10 1 0 . ab 0 . 1 0000 . f le , 0 00 , pl finger, pl
'
00 0210. a 2222 . 2202 01100 2 . f ce , , pl finish , 0 , y 0
a n 20 2011201. f ith , fi ished,
- a th . 10 . n b 2010200 101. f i ful , pl fi ished , ecome , , y
1 0 022 . a 201 1 0 02 0 2 . 0 12 f ll , 0 30 0 fire , , pl
- a 20 52 0222002 . fi re 0 00. f lse , wood, 0 1
00010 . 01000. a 2 00 w 02 12 . firm f lsify, , y , pl
a 0 2 . 00100 0 22200100 . f me , f 0 firstly, 0 ;
0 10. 0020000 002000. fan 20 02 200 0 . 20 0 2 20 , 0 , pl fish , collectively,
far 0110 . 10. , , pl fish , y
‘ ‘ a 20100 0 2 1 0 10 . f rewell , fit (of clothes, g , y :g
a 002 0 21. a 11000. f st , , fl me,
- a n 2 02220000 . flat 2 01001 0 . f st mo th , , 1 0 2 f 0 1 2 . 27 2 1 0 0 0210 fl 02 211 2 11. at 0 2 0 ea 0 . 00 ; , 5 , pl g
a 102 00 . 002 00 0 . f te, 0 flee , , ’ a t 0 0 01 r a . f her, (in construction , flight (of the Prophet), g
’
l 1. 0 72 a 0 a 0 2 . f ult, g floor, 10
‘ ' f 2220 2 22 m 0 2 22 0212 a e 2 0 2 . 2 vour, f do the flower, , pl
a 2 2221111 fl 010000 2 010000 . f vour, y, collectively,
fl 02 1. y, 1 ,
a 2 102 . a 2222202 . 02 0002 fe ther , fo l, , pl ’ 5 b a e0r 0 12 a 2 0 2 00 . Fe ru ry, f fo m , 5
‘ "
00 02 . w 00011 1w . 01100 z 0 0 feed , , y , y fog, ’
000 1. 0200 2 201. feel , 0 , fold , 1 , y 1
‘ 2 a 10 . 0 00. 20 0 210 . 020 00122 . festiv l , , pl 3 fool , 00 , pl g
7 2 2 1 . 02 221. h 00 1. fetc , g , foot , 0, pl g
0. 02222 00 . a a n s a fever , 0 foot (of mount i ), f
- a 002 0 a 0 2 1 . 02 0 . few, , (with foot p th , 1 0, pl 1 0
- 0 1. 012 01 . 00 2 0 10 02 0010. 2 fe z 0 2 02 . , 1 , pl 1 foot stool , , pl ‘ 000 0 10 0022 fi 110 2 c 1122 . 20 10 g, ; ollectively, for, ; ;
fi - 1010 0 . 00 a r 1 110 . g tree , g
150 COLLOQUIAL E GYP TI A N ARABIC GRAMMAR
0 2 01172 a 02 720 0 . 02 072 10. 2 72 . gown 000 , pl 9 0 h re, , pl
’
/ 1772 . 0 110 0 2 . a 02 g gj h rem , 0
a 002 1772 a 000 21. gr cious , . h rvest (crop), 0
a a 02020210. a a 77202201772 . gr du lly, h rvest (se son),
10. a n 0772 . a 00 gr i , 0 0 h shish , 0 '
- - 0000 . a a 0172 1 2 11072 01721 a 00 . 172 gr ndd ughter , ; h shish smoker, , pl
‘
2 101721. a a 2 1. h ste, g
00 0 000. hat 0222 72 10 . 002 07211. an a 2 . gr df ther, g , pl g , 0 , pl
’
- 01. 0 . a 22 . h a e0de 1 0010 . 0 1 gr ndmother, g , pl h tc et, 1 , pl ’ ’ 2 a 2 11072 2072 2 101721. a 1 2 10 0 100 82 0. gr ndson , h ve (possess) 0 , , ,
‘
a 0010. a o ne 072 2100 gr ss , 0 h ve (upon ) ,
02 02 1 2 00. 82 0. a bs 1 . 0 gr ve (su ), , pl
- a ash 2 0772001. a 2 00 . gr y ( coloured), he d, , pl
2 07721. a 00 1 Greek, he l { , ; 0 0 002 . 0 2 0 green , 0 , fem 0 , pl .
2202 . a 0 he ling,
01 2 . 00111772 10. a 2 1 2 greet, , y he lth, 00 ; 073
- - a 0011772 . 172 . 10 01. 00 772 . greeting, , pl he lthy, , pl
0 072 0 . a 0 . grind , 1 0 , he r,
a 720001 22 a 010 . 221210. grow (pl nts), , ; (men he rt, 0 , pl 0 ‘ a n d a m a 01012 2 a 0 10 ni ls), , . he rt , by,
de 1 1 2 a 02 2 . guest , f p 00 he t, 0
- u n 02272022 22 . 01. 0 a . 00772020 1. g , 010 , pl he ven , pl
11 0 . a 10 . 122 1 he vy, 0 , pl 0
000 . 02121 heel , , pl
a 002 0 0. e00727z a 77z . h il , hell , g
a a . m a for h ir, one h ir, pl he p (prep red smoking),
0 . 02102 . 00 10
a 722200. 0r a 2 0 . h lf, hen , f 0 , pl . fi 0
- 0. a n 01101. b 001 h lf moo , her s , 0
h am a m0072 c f F 0 7720072 . h , g ( . renchj ) ere ,
0 . h a a 10 . 01 11200 11. h nd , , pl 00 esit te, 000f , y
11 1010 a n . 0000 101. 0 0 1 1. h ndwriti g, 00 , pl hide , 0 ,y 07 ,y 0f h n a . 0 217200 . g, hideous , pl
' h - a n 02 0 2 2 1. 0 1 1 . 172 ppe , g , y fg high , , pl 1y .
a b 2 1 7721720 2 7 1 01. . 110 . . 77 2 2 or 772 72 1 h r our , , pl 0 hill , pl ENGLISH - ARABIC VOCABULAR Y 15 1
012 0 21 2 0 0001072 l . 0000121 1072 00 1. hire , g . idle , , p
’ '
1010 a r z01. 00r 0 10r 1. 12 0 10 22 172 . hire, g , y ; , y if, ; ;
‘ 7 - 1212 1 0 072 . 172 7720 2 10 . history , 0. ill , 0 , pl ; , pl
002 00 0 . 77202 021 hit , ,
2 0 0 77202 00. hither , illness , 9 ;
a 7770 0 21 . a 2000222002 100 ho rse , 0 0 im gine , , y
1 10 . 1 1 777 0 1 a 012270 . hold, , immedi tely , 0
0 22 072 00 0 2 01 . . . b 77222 1 77222 7721772 77 home , pl 1 impossi le , ;
0 771 227720720 . 2 72 . bab honest , , pl impro le ,
‘ 000 1 b ab honey, . impro le , consider ,
002 2 honour, ¢
02 2 . 02 72 22 2 2172 . 2 horn , 0 , pl . 0 incredulity, f 0 220 72 0 r 27 a 01100 2 101720. . 0 1722 o horse , 0 , pl 0 0 ; Indi ,
’
a . 0 0 172 0. a r a 0 a r 0. a 0172 1 0 m re , f , pl f Indi n , ; collectively,
7 10 2 . 7722 a 001 1 0 121 . hospit l , 9 indigestion , 0 1 00010 2 102 1 0 002 1 012 . host, . inform , 0 , y 0
022 72 . o f 22000772 . hot, 0 in front , 0
- 0 72 22 . 1220 7200 01. b 00 0 0 . a hotel , , pl inh it , ,
- 0 2200072 . 00 0 01. ab a 00 172 . 0 hour , , pl . inh it nt , , pl
027 . 2 02 . house , , pl ink , 0
' ’ ? a a 0 10 1 220210. how in p rticul r, 0 ’ ‘
100172 0m7720 77200 a 1010 00 2 101. 0 72 . however, ; inquire fter , 0 , 1
- 0 . 2 0110. 011002 . 1 inscription , , pl 01 a 17200721 0002 . hum n , . insects, 0
‘ 21 21w 0 00 11. hunger , g inside , g ; 0
'
- 111022711 2 11. : 0 72 . 172 hungry, g pl . insolent , be, , y (to
‘ 0 22 hungry , be, g ,
10 2 0 . 2000 10. a hunt, 1 , y inst nt , 0
1 71 1 a o f 01001. 2010 0 . hurry , 20 04 inste d ,
- 01 . . hurt, instruction , pl ‘
1. 10. 0 02200 . 0 02 hut , pl 0 intellect , 0
7 70 . n 72 2 . 72 1 inte tion , 0 , pl 5
‘
a a a 72 22 . I . interest ( dv nt ge), f
a z2 072 . 102 0 2 l1d f a 1 . e 1 2 772 ice , g g interpret r , g , pl
'
2172 . h n 72 17720 . 72 22772210. 277 ic neumo , , pl g
00100. a 102 . a ide , 0 , pl in v in , 1 52 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
2 21002 . 2 2100 0. invent , knee, , pl
0 . 0 10 1001722 . 000 0 02 172 . iron, 0 knife, , pl
212270 711. 00 22 000 1 0 . irresolute , be , 000133 knock, 00, ; 0 ,
a 00 0 10 1. 0 . irrig te , 0 , y 0 know ,
1 10 . a 0 772 77202 1 0 . Isl mism , knowledge, , pl
' ‘ ’ '
an 22 2 12 0 . 0 2 0 12 7720 02 2 . isl d, g , pl g f
7 - a a 10 0721 . 172 . n It li n , 1 0 , pl know ,
t 7 . a 101 0 a 2 1 02 072 . I ly, 1 0 Kor n, 0
017272 2 1 11. ivory, _f
L .
J . a . 02 1011772 . l dder, pl
- a 2 002 110 a a 022 a 0111 . 01. j cket, ; (w istco t), l dy, , pl
- a 02 12 0 . 0 12 00 . 002 1 a 072102 1. 1 0 (l dies), l ke , 0 , pl ; , pl ’ a a 0720 12 021722172 012 0 J nu ry, y (
a m 21 2200. a b 02 1 . Jerus le , 0 l m , 0 0? pl
‘
i a a r a 7722000000. ew ew sh 0 02101. J , J , y l me , g ;
07720 . z102 . a 1 0 Joseph , y f l mp ,
0 222 02 a 0 2 0. . a s journey, 01 , pl f l nd,
‘
001 . 22000. a m b a 0 01002 2 judge , 0 , pl 0 l nd (dise rk),
220772 . 0 00772 . a 100072 00 1 . e judgement , 0 , pl 0 l ndlord, g , pl { y 1 102 1 . 0002 1 . 00 10 2 100. jug, 0 pl 0 0
- ul 211 o a 02 2 . 01. j y, y 1y l ne , 0 , pl
11 . 1 72 0 22 . an a 110072 0 10 722 jump , , l gu ge , , pl ;
2172 10 a 02 012 . 022002 . June, y l rge, , pl
‘ 0 01 a 0 12 a 0 12 justice, , l st, 0 ; the l st time, 0
77202 2 0 .
‘
K. a a 07722720222270 1. l st ye r,
0 . a 200 2 1. keep , l te , 0
’ ' '
10. w 2z a 0 . a 072 02 keep one s promise, f , y fi l tely, 0
00 . 011 . a 0 072 0 010 1. kettle , 0 , pl 0 l ter,
01 10 1 a 0 . a t m2 7722 011 . key, fi 0, pl 0 0 l ugh , 0 , (
772 22 l w 072 2172 . 72172 . 0 2001 1772 . a 0200 kill , , y , 0 , pl 0
- n . 0 020 . 0110 . l aw 0 w 0 0 1 772 77222 1210. 0f ki g, , pl suit , , pl
02100 00 0 1 107720010 0210. az 0 . kiss , collectively, l iness , ;
000 21. a z 0001072 . 000010 107200 1. kiss , , l y, , pl ;
h n 77 1 2 000. 20 00 . 7720 001 . a a 22 kitc e , 0, pl 1 0 le d (met l),
154 COLL OQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
a a 002 2 . 00111 2 0077277207722 . m inl nd , melon, 0 ;
0 2 0 . 0 z 12 a 1 1 . 22 0 a 2 2 1 2 . m i e, merch nt, g , pl gg
'
7 1 . 1 a 0 01 0 2721 1 r 010 0 201. m ke , f , ; , me it, 0 00, y
0 . m an 2 0 11 . 2 2 1 a 772000172 . , g , pl 50 met l , pl .
a a 7202 12 . m étre 772212 . 0 772102 m n ger, meter ( ), , pl
a 1720072 . 7200. a 02202 . m nkind, , pl midd y,
‘ - 5 m a 02 0 . a a 000 00202 . p, 0 1 midd y me l , 5 , g 0 M a 77202 0 00 2 20001. rch (month), ( ) middle,
0 0 0 in 1 021 0020 0 2 1 . a . 2 2000 m rket , 0, pl 0; , middle , the , f
- 0 . 722200 2 . . 1 1111 pl midnight ,
M a 77202 0010. 100072 0110. rocco , milk, 0
a a 0 w02 . 0 21722 102000172 . m rri ge , g mill , 1 0 , pl .
0 - a 77221 0222022 . 0 72 . 172 . m rried, g miller, 1 00 , pl
21 022 2 11 . a 77200722 a 20 2 . m rry , g , _y g min ret, , pl
2 M a 77207 0772 . 0 22 . 77200110. ry, 3 mind , 01 Never mind,
0 0 . M n 0010 a 002 1 . 020 2 1 ! ! m st , , pl i d 0
- 00 1 . a 010 . a 0 m ster, , pl workm n , minute, 0 0 , pl 1 0 1 2 2 7720 20. 21010 . 2201020 1. 772 7 2 . 2 , pl mirror , 0 , pl 03
001 2 11. 0172 001 . a a 0 10 ab 77200 . 77200 72 m ster (of house), 0 miser le, , pl
m at 0012 2 . 2202 . 772220102 . , 0 , pl 0 misfortune, , pl
- m at a 021002 1. a . 0 10 01. we ver , mist ke , pl c0 1
a 0102 11. 00010 . 00 00. S ir m tches , mister , , pl 0
a to E a 0 0200 0 m tter , it does not , ( urope ns), y 0 g ;
M a 7720 o 1 02 . n a 00101. y (month), y ( y ) (to tives), y
10 1 22 . a w 77za r . 772222 21 . 0 me do , g , pl g mix , 0 ,
0 012 0 02 772 . m 0 1 7720 1 1 1 . 00 02 0 a . 0 e l , , pl ; , pl mockery , 0
’
0. modesty , 00y
‘ '
a n 0720 0 721. 2 2212102 . me n (sig ify), , y moisture ,
'
a 0 72 1 77207200. 10 2 2 . me ns , it , y moment, 0
a 10 772 122 21772 . M a 0772 2 12 172172 . me t , 0 , pl . 0 ond y , y
M a 7722 000 . 221210. ecc , money , f
0 7 0 0 0 2 . n 12 0 222 210. 20 . 0 20 . medicine , , pl 10 mo key , 0 , pl 0
M a 7722 01720 . h 0002 0220212 edin , mont , , pl .
- M a a S ea 2 10002 2 100 n a 77200 20 . editerr ne n , mo thly p y, 13
0 0. n 077202 y moo , 0 .
001l 1 0011. 0102 210 00 772072 0 2 2 . meet , 0 , y 0 more , ; 0 ; ENGLISH - ARABIC VOCABULAR Y r55
- a 10 1 . 172 . 0220 0000 . 2 772 morning , 0 0 necess ry, , pl " 2 0 0702 2 002 2 1 0 . 0 . 0 7722 . 020 mosque , g pl 5 neck, 0 , pl 0
' ' 2 0 - 0 77200 20 . 722000 20 2 0202 2 1 1 . 1. g , pl g 3 , need , 01y g , pl ‘0 . z a m0 0. 2 pl y need , ,
- 0 . 720772002 . 01. 102010 . 0220 72 mosquito, , pl negro , , pl
’
0 072 . at 021 00102 . b 2 . z2 most , the , neigh our , g , pl g 9 0210 100. 10 202 102 mostly, 0 neither nor , ’ ’ ’
0 . 22 22772722 0 1. 072 1 2 1 0 22772772 . 0 1 00 0 mother, , pl nephew , (pl )
' ’ ’
1 2 0 1 72 2 1 1. 0 1. 0 21 a 000 . mount in , g , pl g 0
0 - 0r a . 2 72 . fi shin 000000 . 01. mouse , f , pl fi net ( g , pl
a 00 00720 . 2002 20 0 2 010 22000. moust che, ; new , g , pl g
- 07200 . 0077102 21772 . 01101. mouth , 0 , pl ; f new moon ,
0 - 2 112 . a u r n01 . 01 much , newsp per , g , pl (or 1 01 0 2 . 0 10 0 . . 2 0n 11 mule , 0 , pl 0 g )
'
011. 01721 . 007201 2 100 01721 murder, 0 niece , (pl )
0101 22 . 2 00 0 murder, 0 , 0
0121 . 22110 102010 . 0210 or 000072 . murderer , 0 , pl 0 nigger, , pl 1 7720 00 . 11 1 1 01. 2 1 1 2 12 . 1 music , night, , , pl 0
a a b 102 1772 . a 02110221 . 0010011. must ( uxili ry ver ) nighting le , , pl
00 2 2 727211 Nile , 0 ; White Nile 00 2 0 Blue Nile , N . 0002 2002 2 00 0 a 772220772 2 . 7720 0077212 . 10 n il , pl no ,
a an l e 022 r . 0020012 . 0 0 2 0002 . n il ( g ), f , pl 1 noise ,
b 7720077202 0772 - a . 7720 0. I a n il (ver ), , 4 none , h ve no money,
‘ ‘ a l . a r 0. 0 072010 221210. n ked , p 0y 772 f a . 0177201. n me , pl north ,
‘ ’
a 0722 . n mely, y northern ,
a 21 0 . 21200 1. 772172 02 7720720 12 n pkin , f 1 , pl f nose , 0 , pl . 0 ;
a a - 7202 112 7720 10 n rgileh (w ter pipe), g not , ;
0100 - 7720 02 . ( nothing,
’ a b 72 0 2 77202 2 1102 172 n rrow, Novem er, f (
a 1072 2 10010 0 0 01 2 10010 0. n tive , ;
a ad 011200 1. m n tive ( j now , 0 Fro now on , ’ n a 011200 12 202 2 0 1 . ture , 0 0
a 0 2 10 . 0 2 100 772172 b a 01100 2 1002 2102 0 . ne r , 0 , pl 0 (to ) Nu i , 156 COLL OQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
b a 002 002 1 . 002 002 0 . O 2 1772002 1 . Nu i n , , pl rient, 0
‘
b 0000 . 0000 7217722 0 . O a 002 1. num er, , pl ; rient l , 0 1 00 . 220211. origin , , pl
0 . 72007722 ostrich , collectively,
oak 00 a r 2 1 2 10011211. 7200772 . , g
1 0 02 2 0 0 . 0 . 21 02 oar 77222 02 . 7720 0 . , 0 fi pl 0 f other , 0 , fem 0 , pl 0 ;
- 2 a 200 0 . 01. 02 1072 1 . 107 0 . o sis , 0 , pl $0 ; , fem 9
0 1772 0 1 2 . a 2772172 . 0 772 72 . o th , y , pl y ought, expressed by,
b 21 . out 002 2 0. o ey, 0 1 , 0 002 2 721. b a 77202 272072 0 . o lig tion, 0 outer ,
7 0 2 2 0 02 17 2010 01 2011 21. 0 . occupy oneself, 0 , 1 0 outside , ; 0 5
‘ O b 001002 2 1102 172 2 10222001 010 0 cto er , ( ) over, ; f 0; the upper ,
o fii ce 7720010 0 . 772000110 , , pl ;
01 072 . 0 20 111 2 . overcome , 0 ,
’ - fii ci al . 72 1 720 12 . 0 o . 2 72222 2 2 , pl overseer, , pl t 0 2 11 . 0 112 72 . 2 ox 102 . of en, , , pl oh y 0!
2 01. oil , P .
ld 001772 . o 220772 a 02 0772 1. (things), 0 , pl 0 p ck up , 0 ,
02 012 . . a 2 212 7720 2 712 0772 . (persons), p cket, , pl
' ld m an 1 2 1 1 0 4 2 . a 1 0 0 2 0 0772 01 772 z0a 0 . o 2 2 . 2 . , g ; 00 , pl 3 p in, , pl g
‘ ‘ ’ ld a 0 21 2 o 2 0 . a 0 1z . a 02 0 . wom n , g , pl g p int , 10
'
0722 . 2 27 2 012172 a a 00222002 2 . olive , collectively, p int ( rtist), , y 0
f 0 . h 0 2 20 1 o n a o 100000 02 0 00 . ccount , ( ouse), 1J f
200010. a t a 2 2000 0 202 2 011 . one , p in er ( rtist), , pl
- 0 0 - on e 20 2 . 0 222 0 . 2 . eyed , , fem , pl 1y
‘
. 0 212 . a 02 2 0 z0 2 . p ir, g , pl g
2 000012 00001. a a 002 . 220212 02 2 2 onion , collectively , p l ce , 0 , pl 0 ; 00 ,
- n 0200. . 01 or 02 2 20. o ly, pl 00
- 772 121 . a m 720 12 open 0f 0 p l tree , 0 ; collectively,
010 0 0 0 0 open , f 0 , 0 0 f a n 2 1 02 . a 2002 0 a h o opinio , ; fi p per, 0; s eet p per,
0 0 . . 22 0 0 2002 0 2 0 222 0 . Opposite , 0 0 , pl 0
or 200110 0 22 . a a n 0 00 a . , p r (coi ), f 0 (no plur l) ’
d 0772 02 20 772222 200000 a a 7720 721 . or er , , 3 p r lytic , / g
'
0200002 a 007721 20. 3 p rdon , 0, y
158 COLL OQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
0 1 . u t 1 1 a 00 0 100 1. pot toes , 1 1 p on (clothes), ,
0000 e0z100. u 0 0 1. pour, , j put out (exting ish), 10 ,
0 u 0000 000 22 . t 2 22 . pour out , , p up with , , 0 a r . a 02 0 772 . 002 0772 . poverty, f 0 pyr mid , , pl powerful , pl . d Go . a 07720. a pr ise , 0 Pr ise Q
00 a 01 0 1 . 2 0 1. 2 100772022 111 . qu lity, , pl 17
'
a 00110 z00111. an 7721 002 . 7720 0012 pr y , , y qu tity, 0 , pl 0
00101. 0 12 2 a . 21 . pr yer, pl much),
7 7 02 0 2 . 02 00 0. a present 10 , pl 0 qu rter (i ),
- - 0012 . 172 . 0 a a 2 0 . 01. present 0 , pl qu rter (of town), 0 , pl 2 02 0 0 01 2 02 . z a 2720722 11 . pretty, 0; pl f qu rters (dwelling), , pl
720 11. 2009 00. 7720 2 0 0 772011 0 . prevent (from queen ,
10772072 01772072 . 022 01 . price , , pl . question , , pl
1 0102 0. pride , 10 ’ ’
02 120 0 77212 . 2177202 0 . prince , 7 ; , pl
0 . a 000720 . print , r gs ,
000 0722 a a 01002 1 . 01000 2 100010. prison , 0 0 ; r ilw y , (pl ) ‘ 0 b ab 0l10a 72 . a 720102 . 07721 2 pro ly , g r in , pl
- a a . 01. a 720 02 22 . procl m tion pl r in , 1 ,
‘
n 00 72 0 . a 2 0 0 0 . professio , , pl r ise , f ,
10 0000 772 . a 22 2 00 . 0 2 102 . progress , 0 r ven , (0 , pl 0
‘
772002 21 a 0r 0 1 r 0. project re d , 0 , y 0
‘ - 2110. a 0012 . 172 . promise , y re dy, 0 , pl
7 72 001 . 0 720 2 . a b e 01122 0 0 . prophet , , pl 10 re dy, , 0 ,
'
0. . a a 01100 2 prosperous , pl re dy, m ke , 0 , y
- 7 0 f 1 . b 772 00 1 . 720 1. 0 1 72 0 0 a 1 . prover , , pl re l , 0 0 0 , pl j
‘ 0 7 a 02 0 0 . a 0 1. Prussi , 9 re son , 0
” ‘ ' 02 n 5 22 20 . a 0 11 010 . a 0 2702072 2 02 0 201 a b . 21 Prussi , re son le , 0 , pl 0
0 2000 . 0211. 720 0 . 1 200 pulse , receipt , , pl
‘
0 0 . n n 0z 0. 0 00 0 00 000 pu ishme t , g receive, 0 , y 0 ; 0 ,
‘
10177212 10 107722 2 . 0 72 02 10. pupil , , pl . recently, 0
‘ 0 1 . n 0 2 011 0 1. pure , 0f receptio , 0
’
010 00 00. 000 0 1 1010 1. purse , , pl . y reckon , 0 , ; 0 ,
'
0 11 o. 200000 2200002 put, 0 , recommend, , y ENGLISH - ARABIC VOCABULAR Y 159
01 1 . 010 0 S . 221 072 recover (from illness), 0, ring, 0 0 , pl 0 0 ( ignet), 0 1 1 772 . 0 0 20 11772 . 0 , pl 0 0 0 77202 . 007722 0 . b 002 0 0el 02 0s red , , fem , pl ring the ell , g .
22 7722 . 2&10w0 21vl1w 1 0 ripen , , y . "
7000 2 11012 . 122112 e§§0772s reflect, 0 , y 1f rise (sun (
2 0 a 0 0 . 22 . refuse , f , rise ,
b 02 0 02 0 . 72 . 072002 0002 rein ( ridle), , pl river , , pl ; .
’ ' 2 1 0 1720 00 1 72 1 a 00 7 5 2 0 2 1 1 . 001 . 20 3201 rejoice ,f 0, ; ,y ro st , 00
0 7 a 0 1 01. a rel te , 0 00 0 ro sted , 1 a 2 0 . 0 rob 720000 0 . rel tion , 0 , pl , ,
a 011 0 . bb 002 07721 0. rem in , fi , ro er , , pl { 3
a 00 1 . R 2 07720 . rem ining , 0 , pl ome ,
b 1 0 2 / fla 0 0 10 t 3 0 . 12 . $ 0 0 remem er, 11 , y fi roof ( ), 10, pl 1 0 1 0 . 100 0 1. renew , rope , 0 , pl 0 7 ’ a 22702 073 w02 0 rep ir , rose, collectively, .
' a 002 2 0 2 2002 2 12 R a repe t , y osett ,
0002 0 002 77200 72 . report, 0 , pl . 0 ; the rotten , ’ ‘ 51 22 0 1 72 . 0 . report runs , y rough , 0 0 2 0 0. 772 0020002 . request, g round
a 00 2 22 0 2001072 . rest (rem ins), 03 ; round 0
220772 7721210 rule (dominion), 0 ; .
' 12 0 7720 1 1 22 10 10102 0 20 s 02 0 . rest , 0, y 0; 13 0, rule (instrument), , pl
' 0112 77203 . y 201.
a 0 7720110 s z211072 . restr in (from ruler (sovereign),
" ’ '
a 0 02 z . 02 0 z r z . ret rd , 00 , y run , g , y g
‘ b b a 2 R a 011021 0 0 12 . return ( ring ck), gg , y ussi , " ba 1 2 R a 7720502 1 2 0 . return (come ck), g , ussi n , 21 ; collectively , i 1 r b 0 1 . , , pl
2 222 2 . rice ,
0721 5 2 . 0 72 2 . S . rich , é0 , pl 5 10
2 1010 a ab s ride , , . s re , qf pl
‘
I am 0 7201 2 1 0 2 1 0 a 013 . 00 0s . right, , 0 00; 0 00 s ck , , pl y
ad 7720 2 2172 . s , 0
l 22 21 a 3 02 . 8 2 right s ddle , g, p g;
‘
0 1 2 772172 002 2100 . right, to the , y . , pl
'
- 021 2 2 0010. 1 2 22 . a 2 22 0 . 0 0 . 0212 a a rind , 0 , pl 0 s ddle nim l , , pl 1 6 0 COLLOQ UIAL EGYPTIA N ARABIC GRAMMAR
a s z22 0 1 . e ervant a 00007722 s ddler, g , pl 1y . (fem le), 0 , pl .
172 7 a 2 772 . 227720 20. s fe , , pl
aff 0 072 000772 1. 2 0 2 . s ron , 7 serve, 0 ,
- a n 77202 010 77202 0010 107722 . 100772 . s ili g vessel , ( service , 0 , pl 0
a 00772 . sever l,
a a s 0la 1a . s l d , sew, ’ ’
a 111. a a 0 2 0 . 21 02 . 2 s l ry, g , pl g sh de , a a s le, sh me,
11 a 5101 . 00001. a 772 0. s lt , sh pe , , pl
011772 1 a 07721. a s 1 s . s lute , , y sh rp , 0
0 - 1 . 0 a 35 1. a 2 07721. s nd , sh wl, , pl
07207722 a a 7201 . 7200 1. s nd l , , pl sheep , <0 collectively, 1 a a 0720772 . s ti te , 5
- S 361 . a a . 172 . s ti ted , pl heikh , 0
10 b 002 001 a 00 7. . s tisfy, 10 0 7 sher et, s hi u k 01 0 a a 70772 es s001. b 00 . S turd y , 3 (pipe),
7 01 a 22 0 2 1w . 77202 0 . 77202 0010. s ve , 017 , y ship, , pl
0 1 07721 . 22 00 s a 1 2 . 772 72 . y, 0 , shirt , 0 0, pl 0 0 2 100 . O a 77202 210 . scent , shoe ( rient l), , pl 1 77202 0010 E ‘ 772 10 2 . a a 101 2 . 10 7722 02 7720 schol r , , pl ( urope n), g 22 0 022 0 72 2 0 . 0 . 0 0 1 21 001 11 01 1 0 072 2 . school , , pl 0 , pl 0 7 2 0 00072 772 02 232 . 7720 00 22 l . 0 01 2 13 . 00 0 72 (higher), , pl shop, , p . a 0 x0 l 0 . 1 . 2 0 0 1 227 1. schoolm ster , 0g shore , 0 , pl 0
7 - 7 00 . 0 2200 02 7720 1. l . 2230 2 . scissors , 0 9, pl short, 0 0 p 0 0 0 01 b 0110 . 0 1 10 00. . scri e , , pl shoulder, fi pl
sea 00 2 . 01 02 . 1 7122702 2 1 , 0 , pl 0 show, ; 0 ’ a 0/123 002222702 two a a 02 2 0 se rch , f , (for (with ccus tives) f g '
010 .
3 - 7 - s ea $ 0 11 . 5 02270011 b 52 02 . 0 . 01. shore , 0 , pl shru , 5 , pl
’
a a gl . 22 0211. a a l 1 se son , f , pl f shut, gf , .
a . 310772 22 50 0 772 3 1. se t , pl shutter , 03 , pl .
§0 21 0 00 0 22 7202 02 22 . a 77z 0 . a 7z00 i 0r a see , f ; , ; , side, g , pl g ; f ,
& c . . self, myself, pl " 12 1 02 5 01 s 1 0 . 11 02 0 send , , y ; side , on the other, 0 1 0
t b 3 2 01077202 2 sflen ce s u 00A Sep em er , ,
a 0000 0 772 . 22021 . 0 772 5 22 221 22 . serv nt, 0 , pl 0 silent, be , ,
1 6 2 COLLOQUIAL EGYPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
' 5 72 a 201 22 a 0 7723 . st nd , 00;y 00fi sunsh de, 53
1 . 1 6 . 720 2 772 a 72 772 . st r, g , pl g supper, pl
- 0 11 1. a 00 0 . . 22 a a 7720 a 30 3 0 . st tion (r ilw y), , pl surf ce, 10, pl 1 0
7 a 027 0 . 30112772 13 . st y , fl , surrender, , 3
'
a 302 0 0 . a 112 ste l , 0, swe r, 0 f ,
0002 02720172 . a 20 2720 . ste mer , sweet, 0 , pl
32210. 2002 2772 . steel , , swollen , 1 ° a . 0 0 3 2 0 . step (w lking), pl 0 sword , pl . y f
- 0 2001 d0r a e . 1. a 720 20. ; g , pl synt x , 0
f 3 0111772 . 3 0 1011772 . 00 5 o a a 011 2 50772 . step ( st irs), , pl Syri ,
S 0 0 11330 . 0 0772 72 a 5 7721. till Syri n ,
‘
a 772102 . 00 172 . stom ch , , pl 0 S 0 a r . 2 2 0 . T . tone , 0g , pl 020 1 - 0 0 . 0 1 . 02 3 1 a 2 2 2 272 3 b 0 002 . 01. stool , , pl t le, 1 , pl
- 7 01. 7 0 . a 1 2 a 011 . 02 211. story (t le), 0 03 , pl t il , , pl 3
0 02 7 - 002 . 0 20 a 0 0 . 172 . story (floor), , pl t ilor, 00 1, pl
S 0072 2772 . 0020072 172 . a 0 00 tove , , pl t ke, 0
' a 0 1 a 77213 10 str nge , g t ke hold, ,
an a o ff 0 . str ge , find , t ke (clothes),
0 0 7 - 1 0 . 0 1000 . 3 1 0 3 a 2 . 1. street, , pl t le, 0 03 , pl
01 . 1 . 0 a string , 01, pl 0 , pl t lk , 1 01 01001. a 0201 . 2220 . t ll , 1 , pl 1
10 l . 0201 0 56 0 a 5 772 . strong, , p 0 , t llow, 0
7 0 0 202 2 . a 0 0. pl . 0 3 t ste , 0,
212 7720 . a 000720 . stump (of tree), 0 , pl t tters ,
te a 50 7. , 3
‘ 5 0111772 0 10 0 6 . a suddenly, 5 0 te ch , ,
- uff er 2721077201 71 1077201. a . 172 . s , , 0 0 te cher , pl 0 a 3 00002 . 72000 2 0 . sug r, telescope , suit (of clothes), tender,
0 1 17722 . 2 70772 . ab 7720200 772072 3 0. suit le , 00 tent, 0 , pl 03
b 7720001. summer , terri le , n 172 2 03 . 2 213 . a 70 a a summit, , pl th , (with comp r tive)
'
072 . sun , (with positive) ? 7 002 50 22 . 2212 2 5507723 . a sunrise , ( th nk , ,
a 0772 a 52202 . Sund y, y th nks , ENGLISH - ARABIC VOCABULAR Y
0 0 0 0 a 01102 12 . 2 03 . 0 to 2 3 . th nk you , p, , pl ’ 1000 1 0 0 1. 20 772033 1. then , 0 touch , , °
02 7200. a 12 11720 72 1 there , tow rds , 03 .
1 . ar 0 0 0 . 1 e 21200 . there is there , f towel , f 1 , pl f 0100 0 . 01100 772201722 there is not , town , , pl ; ,
0 - z 7 1 . 2 0 2 772 772 2102272 . thief, 0 , pl 3 . pl .
d 00 7 a . 2 . a 1 02 0 . thigh f 0 , pl 00 tr de , 0 ‘ r a 1 0 22 a 1 711. thin , f tr de , 0 , 3
‘ ; 70 - - . 05 1 0 0 . 0 00 0 1 1Q 1. a 72 22 thing , pl 3 ; 0g , pl tr der , 1y , pl . ; 00 , pl . 10002 0 122 2 . think , 57 , gg
‘
0105. 1 2 772 71 a a 0 0 1. thirst , tr nsl te , g , 3 b 0 . n 07722 a a 10 2 . thirst (ver ), tr sl tion , g ‘ 150 - 0 0 72 01 . 0 772 . 172 . 772 a 20 1. thirsty, , pl tre sure , , pl
0 - 0 1 2 0 002 50 a 2 a . 1 thought , 0 , pl . f tree , g , pl 5 a a 1 1072 0 r . thre d, 01, pl . 01 . collectively , g
‘ 000 0112 . t 010 02 . b 0 500 hreshold, tri e , 0 , pl 0 , pl .
2 07720 712 7721 52121 throw, , 3 . 0 00 b a 7722 07722 . 7720 1772 . 2 00. thunder, tri un l , 0 , pl 0
a 70772 2 1 07721 a b 50 2 2001 . 502 0 3 . Thursd y, 3 0 trousers (Ar ), , pl
010 - 0 0. 2011 1 thus , ; .
00 772 1 . 7720720 3 001 1100 . 2 72 0 0 till , true , , pl ;
” 1 1 2 200 . 0 0 022 1. time , 0 , pl 0 0 9 2
- 77202 2 72 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 00 . 1. time (once), , pl truth , 0 00
7 0100 a 0772 2 112 1010 . tire , , Tuesd y , 3 ' 0 1 1 0 b a 0772 7722 . 1 0 . tire , tur n , , pl
- 1222 00201 1222 0. 172 . tired , pl . Turk , collectively, ° a 12 11 000 01100 2 11222 0. to , tow rds , 0 ; often Turkey (country),
a b f b 010 2 217721. o . omitted fter ver s motion turkey ( ird),
ba 022 0 1212 01. 72 . to cco , 0 Turkish ,
- 7 da 72 002 0 7 0022 2002 10. 2 72 0 0 2 0772 . to y, 13 turn , , 3
- w 0 02 11 022002 0 . 21 0 . to morro , twine , 0 to - 02102 0 0002 1 morrow morning ,
U .
1230 7 - 01 72 50 7723 2 . . . 0131722 b a tongue , , pl um rell , 0 , pl 1 ‘ 0 3 7272 . 23 72072 0 772772 . 2 . tooth , , pl uncle , , pl 0 , pl 0 0020 1. 1 6 4. COLL OQUIAL EG YPTIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR
- b 022100 . 0020011 a 2013 1 . 172 . a 0. uncle n , 0, pl w rdro e , , pl
’ ‘
a 10 1. a . 0000 1 under ; underne th , 0 w re, pl
'
a 102772 0 . a 0 0 100 . underst nd , f , w rm , 00 , y fi
‘
0501 1. a 0 1. a underst nding, 0 w sh, g ,
0 1 - 72 0 002 00 1772 1 . a 0 0001 . 2 . 0 . 2 unjust, , pl w sp, , pl
0 - 5 1 1772 . a 0 01. a 77222 2 5 0 . unnecess ry, w tch (timepiece), , pl
i 0110 107727770. a a . e. unt l , 0 w tchm ker, pl fy '
. a 2 02 0 . 010 a . 2 upon , w tchm n, pl g f
7 0 2 . 2310 77201 131. a 772 7 use, , 3 w ter, 0 " 0 - 172 a 2 5 72 5 2 . z . 2 05 225 useful, j , pl w ter (sprinkle), , y
- 00105. a 5152 72 02 useless , w ter pipe (smoking), ; 1 0 12 2 000 112 utmost, to the , f 0 g
a - 1 02 l 12 2 00. w ter skin, 0 , p . 0 \ 0 0 a 7720 . 077220 w ve, 2 , pl g
V . x 5 7 wa 071. , a 20001 20 70 . 20 72 . v lley , , pl wa 02 1 . 0 3 02 22 5 10 2 . y, 1 0, pl ( 0; , pl ab 22002 0 0 . 0 2 020 1. , , 0 veget le 0 pl 0 5 1 00.
‘
. 222 0 . , 0 vein pl c . 2722 2 0 . . 001 1 w , 7; pl 0 1 00 2 1 2 0201 1 a 7z . very, 0 g 7720022 .
00721 . 7172 001 vile , , pl 13 0 0, pl . w e 1 720 , 0 , 0 ‘ 220 0. 0 a . 00 0 0 . we k , pl f 0 a 0 2 . 02 112 0010 0 vill ge , f , pl ; , 00200 0 1 a 227 0 . 0 we ther, 9 1100 pl . 0 . w0 0 z . wedding, g
a 0 11. vineg r, 0 a 772 2 1 07 02 00 . Wednesd y, 3 0 72 7 ‘ ‘ 2 0 3 0 . violet , 0 . 0 5 0772 zi m a . week, g , pl g visit, weigh , ° 77202 0000 72 001072 202 welcome, ;
3 01 . 3 0 0 20 1. voice , , pl 5001072 .
01 7 a 2 . 0 02 well (w ter), , pl 0
W . ar 0 772 02 10. west, g 0 ’
a 0 r a . 21 02 a 2 0 0 77200101 w ges , g , pl g ; (d ily), wet, 1 . 70772 72 3 13 . what ? 0; 215 ?
a o a 507727721 2 10 07727720. 2 0200. 1 w lk, g , ( ) when ,
a 1 . 0110 72 . ? 177212 w ll , 00, pl when
‘ ’
a 02 21. ? 772172 072 772172 2372 w nt , , whence j
’ war 02 0 . 222 00. ? e7z ? , 0 , pl 0 where f
CORRIGE N DA
a 2 for 510 a 510 P ge 3 , line 5, re d
‘ ‘ 2 I for 2/22 a z 0 a 702 2 0 9, line , g , g re d $ , 00 ’ 8 1 for 21 220 a 21 220 3 , line 3 , y 0 re d 0 0 ‘ ‘ 1 1 fo r a 44 , line , is it not re d it is not
6 for 2 2 210 a 22 2 21 4 , line 9 , y re d4 0
0 for 77212 10 a 77212 10 5 , line 3 , re d
0 for 0217727720 a 217727720 5 , line 4 , re d 0
1 for 10 001 a 10 00 1 57, line 5, 0 re d 0
6 2 f for 01015 a 01 25 4 , line rom foot , re d 0
0 1 I for 2 1 01772 a 2 1 0 7721 7 , line from foot , 0 re d 0 ’ 80 for 1 2 1 001 a 1 10 2 1 001 , line 3 , f 0 re df 0 " 81 1 8 for 7720 052 1 2111720 52 a 7720 15 2 1 21117205 , line , 0 0 re d y 0
‘ ‘ 1 1 8 a for a 2 10 122 , l st line, re d g
TH I S B OOK I S D U E ON TH E L A S T D A TE S TA MZPE D B E L OW
A N I N I T I A L F I N E OF 2 5 CE N T S
W I L L B E A S S E S S E D F O R FA I L U R E TO R ET U R N T ON T H E D A TE D U T H E L T H I S B O O K E . E P N A Y W I L L I N C R E A S E TO 5 0 C ENTS O N T H E F O U R TH D A Y A N D TO ON T H E S EV ENTH D A Y
OV ER D U E .
L D 2 1- 9 6 m