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Copyright © 2014 Richard Charles Mcdonald All Rights Reserved. The
Copyright © 2014 Richard Charles McDonald All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without, limitation, preservation or instruction. GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BIBLICAL HEBREW TEXTS ACCORDING TO A TRADITIONAL SEMITIC GRAMMAR __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Richard Charles McDonald December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BIBLICAL HEBREW TEXTS ACCORDING TO A TRADITIONAL SEMITIC GRAMMAR Richard Charles McDonald Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Russell T. Fuller (Chair) __________________________________________ Terry J. Betts __________________________________________ John B. Polhill Date______________________________ I dedicate this dissertation to my wife, Nancy. Without her support, encouragement, and love I could not have completed this arduous task. I also dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Charles and Shelly McDonald, who instilled in me the love of the Lord and the love of His Word. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................vii -
Language Change in the Wake of Empire
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LANGUAGE CHANGE IN THE WAKE OF EMPIRE: SYRIAC IN ITS GRECO-ROMAN CONTEXT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY AARON MICHAEL BUTTS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Aaron Michael Butts All rights reserved. ii Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xv List of Graphs .............................................................................................................................. xvi Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... xvii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... xviii Abbreviations for Bibliography .................................................................................................... xx Abbreviations in Linguistic Glosses .......................................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations and Citations of Biblical Books .......................................................................... xxv Transliteration ......................................................................................................................... -
Stem Alternations in Puxi Verb Inflection: Toward Validating the Rgyalrongic Subgroup in Qiangic*
LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS 1.2:211-232, 2000 Stem Alternations in Puxi Verb Inflection: * Toward Validating the rGyalrongic Subgroup in Qiangic Jackson T.-S. Sun Academia Sinica The paper examines four areas of marked inflectional morphology (affinity between the past and the progressive, aspiration inversion, tonal inversion, ablaut) in the formation of verb stems in the Puxi dialect of Shangzhai, an underexplored Tibeto-Burman language of northwestern Sichuan. Partial parallels in other languages of the rGyalrong Tibetans suggest retention of relic alternation patterns confined to these particular Tibeto-Burman languages. The morphological archaisms uncovered in this study not only vindicate the intimate ties between Horpa and Shangzhai noted earlier by this author (J. T.-S. Sun 2000), but constitute crucial individual-identifying evidence pointing to a unique low-level parent language PROTO-RGYALRONGIC shared by rGyalrong proper, Lavrung, and Horpa-Shangzhai, paving the way for rigorous comparative rGyalrongic linguistics. Key words: Puxi, rGyalrongic, Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic, verbal inflection 1. Introduction In an earlier study, I submitted as a working hypothesis that rGyalrong (proper), Lavrung, and Horpa-Shangzhai form a RGYALRONGIC subgroup under the Qiangic branch in Tibeto-Burman with a tripartite internal structure depicted in this tentative family tree (J. T.-S. Sun 2000): * This research has been funded in part by a National Science Council grant (NSC 86-2411-H- 001-001-P2). An earlier version of the paper was presented at a colloquium held recently at my home institute. The useful comments I received from Hwang-cherng Gong, Dah-an Ho, Chih-chen Jane Tang, Chu-ren Huang, Pei-chuan Wei, and Su-ying Hsiao, as well as two anonymous Language and Linguistics referees are gratefully acknowledged. -
From Root to Nunation: the Morphology of Arabic Nouns
From Root to Nunation: The Morphology of Arabic Nouns Abdullah S. Alghamdi A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Languages Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences March 2015 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Alghamdi First name: Abdullah Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: Humanities and Languages Faculty: Arts and Social Sciences Title: From root to nunation: The morphology of Arabic nouns. Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis explores aspects of the morphology of Arabic nouns within the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology (as developed by Halle and Marantz, 1993; 1994, and many others). The theory distributes the morphosyntactic, phonological and semantic properties of words among several components of grammar. This study examines the roots and the grammatical features of gender, number, case and definiteness that constitute the structure of Arabic nouns. It shows how these constituents are represented across different types of nouns. This study supports the view that roots are category-less, and merge with the category-assigning feature [n], forming nominal stems. It also shows that compositional semantic features, e.g., ‘humanness’, are not a property of the roots, but are rather inherent to [n]. This study supports the hypothesis that roots are individuated by indices and the proposal that these indices are conceptual in nature. It is shown that indices may activate special language-specific rules by which certain types of Arabic nouns are formed. Furthermore, this study argues that the masculine feature [-F] is prohibited from remaining part of the structure of Arabic nonhuman plurals. -
Report Resumes Ed 012 361 the Structure of the Arabic Language
REPORT RESUMES ED 012 361 THE STRUCTURE OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE. BY- YUSHMANOV; N.V. CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, WASHINGTON,D.C. REPORT NUMBER NDEA-VI-128 PUB DATE EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50 HC-$3.76 94F. DESCRIPTORS- *ARABIC, *GRAMMAR: TRANSLATION,*PHONOLOGY, *LINGUISTICS, *STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, DISTRICTOF COLUMBIA THE PRESENT STUDY IS A TRANSLATIONOF THE WORK "STROI ARABSK0G0 YAZYKA" BY THE EMINENT RUSSIANLINGUIST AND SEMITICS SCHOLAR, N.Y. YUSHMANOV. IT DEALSCONCISELY WITH THE POSITION OF ARABIC AMONG THE SEMITICLANGUAGES AND THE RELATION OF THE LITERARY (CLASSICAL)LANGUAGE TO THE VARIOUS MODERN SPOKEN DIALECTS, AND PRESENTS ACONDENSED BUT COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF ARABIC PHONOLOGY ANDGRAMMAR. PAGES FROM SAMPLE TEXTS ARE INCLUDED. THIS REPORTIS AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY MOSHE PERLMANN. (IC) w4ur;,e .F:,%ay.47A,. :; -4t N. V. Yushmanov The Structure of the Arabic Language Trar Mated from the Russian by Moshe Perlmann enter for Applied Linguistics of theModern Language Association of America /ashington D.C. 1961 N. V. Yushmanov The Structure of the Arabic Language. Translated from the Russian by Moshe Perlmann Center for Applied Linguistics of the Modern Language Association of America Washington D.C. 1961 It is the policy of the Center for Applied Linguistics to publish translations of linguistic studies and other materials directly related to language problems when such works are relatively inaccessible because of the language in which they are written and are, in the opinion of the Center, of sufficient merit to deserve publication. The publication of such a work by the Center does not necessarily mean that the Center endorses all the opinions presented in it or even the complete correctness of the descriptions of facts included. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
VERBAL COMPLEMENTIZERS in ARABIC by Hossam Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty Of
VERBAL COMPLEMENTIZERS IN ARABIC by Hossam Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics The University of Utah December 2015 Copyright © Hossam Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed 2015 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF DISSERTATION APPROVAL The dissertation of Hossam Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Edward J. Rubin , Chair June 3, 2015 Date Approved Patricia Hanna , Member June 3, 2015 Date Approved Aniko Csirmaz , Member June 3, 2015 Date Approved Howard Lasnik , Member June 3, 2015 Date Approved Kleanthes K. Grohmann , Member June 3, 2015 Date Approved and by Edward J. Rubin , Chair of the Department of Linguistics and by David B. Kieda, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT A class of Modern Standard Arabic complementizers known as ‘ʔinna and its sisters’ demonstrate unique case and word order restrictions. While CPs in Arabic allow both Subject‐Verb (SV) and Verb‐Subject (VS) word order and their subjects show nominative morphology, CPs introduced by ʔinna ban a verb from directly following the complementizer. Preverbal subjects in ʔinna clauses show accusative case marking, while postverbal subjects show nominative morphology. Previous research explains these restrictions as default case or Multiple Case Assignment, both problematic for Case Theory as they violate the Activation Principle. This dissertation explains word order and case effects of ʔinna within the framework of Phase Theory and Feature Inheritance (FI). Morphological, historical, and usage evidence point out that ʔinna‐type complementizers have verbal properties similar to illocutionary verbs. -
Grammar of Urdu Or Hindustani.Pdf
OF THE URDU OR HINDUSTANI LANGUAGE. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 2s. 6d. HINDUSTANI EXERCISES. A Series of Passages and Extracts adapted for Translation into Hindustani. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. IKHWANU-9 SAFA, OR BROTHERS OF PURITY. Translated from the Hindustani. "It has been the translator's object to adhere as closely as possible to the original text while rendering the English smooth and intelligible to the reader, and in this design he has been throughout successful." Saturday Review. GRAMMAR URDU OR HINDUSTANI LANGUAGE. JOHN DOWSON, M.R.A.S., LAT5 PROCESSOR OF HINDCSTANI, STAFF COLLEGE. Cfjtrfl (SBitton. LONDON : KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. L DRYDEN HOUSE, GERRARD STREET, W. 1908. [All riijhts reserved.] Printed by BALLANTYNK, HANSOM &* Co. At the Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh TABLE OF CONTENTS. PACK PREFACE . ix THE ALPHABET 1 Pronunciation . .5,217 Alphabetical Notation or Abjad . 1 7 Exercise in Reading . 18 THE AKTICLE 20 THE Nora- 20 Gender 21 Declension. ...... 24 Izafat 31 THE ADJECTIVE 32 Declension ...... 32 Comparison ... 33 PRONOUNS Personal. ...... 37 Demonstrative ...... 39 Respectful 40 Reflexive 41 Possessive 41 Relative and Correlative . .42 Interrogative . 42 Indefinite ....... 42 Partitive . 43 Compound. .43 VERB 45 Substantive and Auxiliary 46 Formation of . 46 Conjugation of Neuter Verbs . .49 Active Verbs . 54 Irregulars . .57 Hona 58 Additional Tenses . 60 2004670 CONTENTS. VERB (continued) Passive Verb ....... 62 Formation of Actives and Causals ... 65 Nominals 69 Intensives ..... 70 Potentials Completives . .72 Continuatives .... Desideratives ..... 73 Frequentatives .... 74 Inceptives . 75 Permissives Acquisitives . .76 Reiteratives ..... 76 ADVKRBS ......... 77 PREPOSITIONS 83 CONJUNCTIONS 90 INTERJECTIONS ....... 91 NUMERALS ......... 91 Cardinal 92 Ordinal 96 Aggregate 97 Fractional 97 Ralcam 98 Arabic 99 Persian 100 DERIVATION 101 Nouns of Agency . -
Indian Contribution to Language Sciences in Non- Western Tradition: with Reference to Arabic
International Journal of Cultural and Art Studies (IJCAS) Vol. 01, No. 1, 2018 | 11 – 18 IJCAS International Journal of Cultural and Art Studies Indian Contribution to Language Sciences in Non- Western Tradition: With Reference to Arabic Rahmadsyah Rangkuti1*, S. Imtiaz Hasnain2 1Department of English University of Sumatra Utara, 2Department of Linguistics Aligarh Muslim University Abstract: Language study relates itself to both ontology and epistemology. Both ontological and epistemological investigations have been the subject of debate and discussion in different civilizations producing a number of grammatical traditions other than the West. Arab, China, India and the ancient Near East can also boast of language traditions of greater antiquity. In terms of richness of insight and comprehensiveness of scope, both India and the Arab compete on equal terms with the West, where each grew independently of the others and for the most part developed separately, drawing on the resources of the culture within which it grew. Hence, there is strong need to have a study of comparative grammatical theory to which Indian, Arabs and Chinese also belong, centering on the questions of: What has been the importance of these theories explanatory categories appear in historically unrelated linguistic theory, and if they do, why? This perspective would bring new dimension to the study of linguistic theory and would not remain at the level of redressing the overwhelming emphasis on the European tradition in the study of history of linguistics. Keywords: Arabic, Epistemology, Indian Contribution, Non-Western Tradition, Ontology Received [15 May 2018] | Revised [22 July 2018] | Accepted [13 August 2018] 1 Introduction Any discourse on the contribution of India to Language sciences inevitably brings a binarity of non-West vs. -
Verb-Stem Variations in Showu Rgyalrong*
Studies on Sino-Tibetan Languages, 269-296 2004-8-004-001-000004-2 Verb-Stem Variations in Showu rGyalrong* Jackson T.-S. Sun Academia Sinica The richest verbal system among the rGyalrongic cluster of languages in Tibeto-Burman is found in the Showu dialect of rGyalrong. Drawing on first-hand field data, this paper provides an account of the elaborate morphological patterns in Showu verb-stem formation. Unlike many other rGyalrongic members, Showu possesses non-alternating verbs with invariant stems throughout the paradigm. On the other hand, a good number of basic verbs distinguish a second (or past) stem while many transitive verbs show an additional third (or nonpast singular transitive) stem. Both vocalic, consonantal, and suprasegmental modifications play a role in the formation of the second and third stems. After treating Showu stem variations and their functional distribution, a comparison is made with the more innovative stem-alternating patterns in the Caodeng and Dazang dialects of rGyalrong. Key words: Tibeto-Burman, rGyalrongic, verbal morphology, stem formation 1. Introduction In opening my contribution to this volume in honor of Professor Gong Hwang- cherng’s eminent accomplishments in Sino-Tibetan linguistics, I would like to gratefully acknowledge my intellectual debt to Professor Gong’s influence on my research on Tibeto-Burman languages over the years. Particularly inspiring for me has been his important discovery of a system of vocalic alternations in Tangut which functions to form derived verb stems utilized to index a singular speech-act participant * This research was funded by the National Science Council (ROC) grants 89-2411-H-001-005 and 89-2411-H-001-088. -
Language and Nature Papers Presented to John Huehnergard on the Occasion of His 60Th Birthday
LANGUAGE AND NATURE PAPERS PRESENTED TO JOHN HUEHNERGARD ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 60TH BIRTHDAY edited by REBECCA HASSELBACH and NAʿAMA PAT-EL studies in ancient ORientaL civiLizatiOn • numbeR 67 ThE ORIENTAL InSTITUTE OF THE UnIVERSITY OF CHICAGO chicagO • IllinOis Library of Congress Control Number: 2011933159 ISBN-10: 1-885923-91-0 isbn-13: 978-1-885923-91-2 issn: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2012 by the university of chicago. all rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in the united states of america. studies in ancient ORientaL civiLizatiOn • numbeR 67 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Series Editors Leslie schramer and thomas g. urban with the assistance of Rebecca cain Series Editors’ Acknowledgments zuhal Kuru and Jessen O’brien assisted in the production of this volume. Cover prepared by Kristy Shuey of 2nd Street Design Lab, Austin, Texas selection of ethiopic, ugaritic, akkadian, hebrew, and Old south arabian texts — we thank the semitic museum, harvard university, Wayne t. Pitard, and John huehnergard fortheir use. Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan the paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ameri- can national standard for information services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ansi z39.48-1984. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. Rebecca Hasselbach and Naʿama Pat-El .............................................................. vii List of Contributors and Their Affiliations . ix John as a teacher and mentor. Rebecca Hasselbach and Naʿama Pat-El . xi the Research of John huehnergard. Rebecca Hasselbach and Naʿama Pat-El . xiii a brief note on the Festschrift illustrations. X Bonnie Woods................................................. xxi Contributions 1. Functional values of iprus Forms in Old Babylonian šumma Protases. -
Basic Arabic Grammar
Course Code: TAS004A Basic Arabic Grammar PART A Saqib Hussain © Saqib Hussain 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, Internet, or any storage or retrieval system without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Contents Introduction...............................................................................................................................2 1 Definite and Indefinite Nouns, and the Nominal Sentence....................................................3 2 Adjectives and Definiteness Agreement..................................................................................9 3 Gender......................................................................................................................................15 4 The Grammatical Cases and Prepositions............................................................................22 5 Verbs - The Perfect Tense.......................................................................................................30 6 Dual Nouns...............................................................................................................................38 7 Plural Nouns............................................................................................................................43 8 The Detached Pronouns and the Irregular Nominal Sentence...........................................51 9 The Imperfect Tense and