TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 15-1013 ______
SPACE COOPERATION
Peaceful Uses
Agreement Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and ISRAEL
Signed at Jerusalem October 13, 2015
NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)—
“. . .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . . . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof.”
ISRAEL
Space Cooperation: Peaceful Uses
Agreement signed at Jerusalem October 13, 2015; Entered into force October 13, 2015.
Framework Agreement
between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ofthe United States of America
and
for Cooperation in Aeronautics and the Exploration and Use of Airspace and Outer Space
for Peaceful Purposes Table of Contents
Preamble ...... 2 Article I -Purpose ...... 2 Article 2- Definitions ...... 2 Article 3- Scope of Activities ...... 4 Article 4- Implementing Arrangements ...... 4 Article S -Financial Arrangements ...... S Article 6- Cross-Waiver of Liability ...... 5 Article 7-Transfer of Goods and Technical Data ...... ,...... 6 Article 8 - Intellectual Property Rights ...... 7 Article 9-Release of Results and Public Information ...... 8 Article 10-Exchange of Personnel and Access to Facilities ...... 9 Article 11 - Customs Clearance and Movement of Goods ...... 9 Article 12-Overflight ...... 9 Article 13-Consultation and Dispute Resolution ...... 9 Article 14-Amendments ...... 9 Article 15-Continuing Obligations ...... IO Article 16-Entry Into Force and Duration ...... tO Article 17 - Termination ...... 10 Preamble
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States of America and the Israel Space Agency (ISA) (hereinafter collectively referred to as ''the Parties," or individually as the "Party"),
RECOGNIZING the history of strong mutual interest in the peaceful application of .space research;
RECOGNIZING the mutual benefit to be gained from working together in the peaceful use of airspace and outer space for the welfare of all humankind;
RECALLING that NASA and ISA previously cooperated under the Agreement Between the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Israel Space Agency for Cooperation in the Peaceful Use ofSpace that expired on October 2, 2006;
CONSIDERING the desirability of enhanced cooperation between the Parties in space science and the use of space for research in the Earth sciences, with potential benefits to all nations; and
DESIRING to establish an overall legal framework to facilitate and strengthen the mutually beneficial relationship between the Parties;
HAVE agreed as follows:
Article 1 -Purpose
This Framework Agreement, hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement," sets forth the obligations, terms, and conditions for cooperation between the Parties in aeronautics and the exploration and use of airspace and outer space for peaceful purposes in areas of common interest and on the basis of equality and mutual benefit
Article 2 - Definitions
1. The tenn ''Damage" means:
(a) Bodily injury to, or other impairment ofhealth of, or death of, any person; (b) Damage to, loss of, or loss of use of any property; (c) Loss of revenue or profits; or (d) Other direct, indirect, or consequential damage.
2. The term "Launch Vehicle" means an object, or any part thereof, intended for launch, launched from Earth, or returning to Earth. which carries Payloads, persons, or both.
3. The term "Payload" means all property to be flown or used on or in a Launch Vehicle.
2 4. The term "Protected Space Operations" means all activities conducted pursuant to this Agreement, or any Implementing Arrangement concluded hereunder, including Launch Vehicle or Transfer Vehicle activities, and Payload activities on Earth, in outer space, or in transit between Earth and outer space, in implementation ofthis Agreement. Protected Space Operations begins on the date of entry into force of this Agreement and ends when all activities done in implementation of this Agreement are completed. The term "Protected Space Operations" includes, but is not limited to:
(a) Research, design, development, test, manufacture, assembly, integration, operation, or use of Launch or Transfer Vehicles, Payloads, or instruments, as well as related support equipment and facilities and services; and (b) AU activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or guidance and control equipment and related facilities or services.
The term "Protected Space Operations" excludes activities on Earth that are conducted on return from space to develop further a Payload's product or process for use other than the activities within the scope of this Agreement. · ·
5. The term "Related Entity":
(a) For the purpose of this Agreement means:
(i) A contractor or subcontractor of a Party at any tier; (ii) A grantee or any other cooperating entity or investigator of a Party at any tier; or (iii) A contractor or subcontractor of a grantee or any other cooperating entity or investigator of a Party at any tier.
(b) In Article 6 (Cross-Waiver of Liability) of this Agreement, the tenn "Related Entity" also means:
(i) A user or customer of a Party at any tier; or (ii) A contractor or subcontractor, including suppliers of any kind, of a user or customer of a Party at any tier.
(c) In Article 6 (Cross-Waiver of Liability) and Article 7 (Transfer of Goods and Technical Data) of this Agreement it may also include another State or an agency or institution of another State, where such State, agency, or institution is an entity described above or is otherwise involved in the activities undertaken pursuant to this Agreement
6. The tenn "Transfer Vehicle" means any vehicle that operates in space and transfers Payloads or persons or both between two different space objects, between two different locations on the same space object, or between a space object and the surface of a celestial body. A Transfer Vehicle also includes a vehicle that departs from and returns to the same location on a space object.
3 Article 3 - Scope of Activities
1. The Parties will identifY areas of mutual interest and seek to develop cooperative programs or projects, hereinafter referred to as "Programs," in the exploration and peaceful uses of airspace and outer space and will work closely together to this end.
2. These Programs may be undertaken in the following areas of cooperation:
(a) Aeronautics; (b) Space Exploration and Operations; (c) SCience; and (d) Other relevant areas ofmutual interest
3. These Programs may be implemented using the following:
(a) Aircraft flights and campaigns; (b) Earth and space applications; (c) Education and public outreach activities; (d) Exchanges of scientific data; (e) Exchanges of scientific personnel; (f) Ground-based research facilities; (g) Space Exploration and Operations missions; (h) Participation in joint workshops and meetings; (i) Scientific instruments onboard aircraft, spacecraft, and/or space research platforms; (j) Sounding rocket and scientific balloon flights and campaigns; (k) Space communications, including ground-based antennas, for tracking, telemetry, and data acquisition; 0) Spacecraft and space research platforms; (m)Terrestrial analogs; and (n) Other forms of cooperation as agreed between the Parties.
4. All activities under this Agreement will be conducted in a manner consistent with each Party's respective applicable national laws and regulations and in accordance with applicable international law.
5. These Programs may take place on the surface of the Earth, in airspace, or in outer space.
Article 4-Implementing Arrangements
1. The specific terms and conditions for Programs, and the specific roles and responsibilities of the Parties, will be set forth in Implementing Arrangements between the Parties.
2. Implementing Arrangements under this Agreement will include, as appropriate, provisions related to the nature and scope of the Programs, the individual and joint responsibilities of the Parties, and any other provisions necessary to conduct the joint activities.
4 3. Such Implementing Arrangements will be s'ubject to the terms of this Agreement,,unless the Parties expressly agree otherwise through specific terms set forth in an Implementing Arrangement.
Article 5- Financial Arrangements
1. Each Party will bear the costs of discharging its respective obligations under this Agreement, including travel and subsistence of personnel and transportation of all equipment and other items for which it is responsible.
2. The Parties' obligations under this Agreement are subject to the availability of appropriated funds and each Party's respective funding procedures. Should either Party encounter budgetary problems that may affect the activities to be carried out under this Agreement, the Party encountering the problems will notify and consult with the other Party as soon as possible.
Article 6 -Cross-Waiver of Liability
I. The Parties agree that the objective of this Article is to establish a cross-waiver of liability in the interest of encouraging participation in the exploration, exploitation, and use of airspace and outer space. The Parties intend that the cross-waiver ofliability be broadly construed to achieve this objective.
2. Cross-waiver of liability:
(a) Each Party agrees to a cross-waiver of liability pursuant to which each Party waives all claims against any of the entities or persons listed in paragraphs 2(a)(i) through 2(a)(iv) of this Article based on Damage arising out of Protected Space Operations. This cross waiver will apply only if the person, entity, or property causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations. The cross-waiver will apply to any claims for Damage, whatever the legal basis for such claims, against:
(i) The other Party; ·(ii) A party to another NASA agreement that includes flight on the same Launch Vehicle; (iii) A Related Entity of any entity identified in paragraphs 2(a)(i) or 2(a)(ii) of this Article; or (iv) The employees of any of the entities identified in paragraphs 2(a)(i) through 2(a)(iii) of this Article.
(b) In addition, each Party will extend the cross-waiver of liability, as set forth in paragraph 2(a) of this Article, to its own Related Entities by requiring them, by contract or otherwise, to:
5 (i) Waive all claims against the entities or persons identified in paragraphs 2(a)(i) through 2(a)(iv) ofthis Article; and (ii) Require that their Related Entities waive all claims against the entities or persons identified in paragraphs 2(a)(i) through 2(a)(iv) of this Article.
(c) For avoidance of doubt, this cross-waiver of liability includes a cross-waiver of claims arising from the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, done on March 29, 1972 (hereinafter the "Liability Convention"), where the person, entity, or property causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations.
(d) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, this cross-waiver of liability will not be applicable to:
(i) Claims between a Party and its oWn Related Entity or between its own Related Entities; (ii) Claims made by a natural person, his/her estate, survivors, or subrogees (except when a subrogee is a Party to this Agreement or is otherwise bound by the terms of this cross-waiver) for bodily injury to, other impairment ofhealth of, or death of, such person; (iii) Claims for Damage caused by willful misconduct; (iv) Intellectual property claims; (v) Claims for Damage resulting from a failure of a Party to extend the cross-waiver of liability to its Related Entities, pursuant to paragraph 2{b) of this Article; or (vi) Claims by a Party arising out of or relating to the other Party's failure to perform its obligations under this Agreement.
(e) Nothing in this Article will be construed to create the basis for a claim or suit where none would otherwise exist.
(f) In the event of third-party claims which may arise out of, inter alia, the Liability Convention, the Parties will consult promptly on any potential liability, on any apportionment of such liability, and on the defense of such claim.
Article 7 -Transfer of Goods and Technical Data
The Parties are obligated to transfer only those technical data (including software) and goods necessary to fulfill their respective responsibilities under this Agreement, in accordance with the following provisions, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement:
1. All activities under this Agreement will be carried out in accordance with the Parties' national laws and regulations, including those laws and regulations pertaining to export control.
6 2. The transfer of technical data for the purpose of discharging the Parties' responsibilities with regard to interface, integration, and safety will normally be made without restriction, except as required by paragraph I ofthis Article.
3. All transfers of goods and proprietary or export-controlled technical data are subject to the following provisions:
(a) In the event a Party or its Related Entity finds it necessary to transfer such goods or data, for which protection is to be maintained, such goods will be specifically identified and such data will be marked. (b) The identification of such goods and the marking on such ·data will indicate that the goods and data will be used by the receiving Party and its Related Entities only for the purposes of fulfilling the receiving Party's or Related Entities' resp<)nsibilities under this Agreement, and that such goods and data will not be disclosed or retransferred to any other entity without the prior written permission of the furnishing Party. (c) The receiving Party and its Related Entities will abide by the terms of the notice and · protect any such goods and data from unauthorized use and disclosure. (d) The Parties to this Agreement will cause their Related Entities to be bound by the provisions of this Article through contractual mechanisms or equivalent measures.
4. All goods exchanged in the performance of this Agreement will be used by the receiving Party or Related Entity exclusively for the purposes of the Agreement. Upon completion of the activities under the Agreement, the receiving Party or Related Entity will return or otherwise dispose of all goods and· marked proprietary or export-controlled technical data provided under this Agreement, as directed by the furnishing Party or Related Entity.
Article 8 -Intellectual Property Rights
1. Nothing in this Agreement will be construed as granting, either expressly or by implication, to the other Party any rights to, or interest in, any inventions or works of a Party or its Related Entities made prior to the entry into force of, or outside the scope of, this Agreement, including any paten(s (or similar forms of protection in any country) corresponding to such inventions or any copyrights corresponding to such works.
2. Any rights to, or interest in, any invention or work made in the performance of this Agreement solely by one Party, or any of its Related Entities, including any patents (or similar forms of protection in any country) corresponding to such invention or any copyright corresponding to such work, will be owned by such Party, or Related Entity. Allocation of rights to, or interest in, such invention or work between such Party and its Related Entities will be determined by applicable laws, rules, regulations, and contractual obligations.
3. It is not anticipated that there will be any joint inventions made in the performance of this Agreement.. Nevertheless, in the event that an invention is jointly made by the Parties, or any
7 of their respective Related Entities, in the performance ofthis Agreement, the Parties will, in good faith, consult and agree within 30 calendar days as to:
(a) The allocation of rights to, or interest in, such joint invention, including any patents (or similar forms of protection in any country) corresponding to such joint invention; (b) The responsibilities, costs, and actions to be taken to establish and maintain patents (or similar forms of protection in any country) for each such joint invention; and (c) The terms and conditions of any license or other rights to be exchanged between the Parties or granted by one Party to the other Party.
4. For any work jointly authored by the Parties and/or their Related Entities, should the Parties decide to register the copyright in such work, they wi11, in good faith, consult and agree as to the responsibilities, costs, and actions to be taken to register copyrights and maintain copyright protection (in any country).
5. Subject to the provisions of Article 7 (Transfer of Goods and Technical Data) and Article 9 (Release of Results and Public Information), each Party will have an irrevocable royalty-free right to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute, and present publicly, and authorize others to do so on its behalf, any copyrighted work resulting from activities undertaken in the performance of this Agreement for its own purposes, regardless of whether the work was created solely by, or on behalf of, the other Party or jointly with the other Party.
Article 9-Release of Results and Public Information
1. The Parties retain the right to release public information regarding their own activities under this Agreement. The Parties will coordinate with each other in advance concerning releasing to the public information that relates to the other Party's responsibilities or performance under this Agreement.
2. The Parties will make the results obtained from Programs available to the general scientific community, as appropriate and agreed between the Parties, in a timely manner.
3. The Parties will ensure that the Implementing Arrangements include provisions for the full and open sharing of science data.
4. The Parties acknowledge that the following data or information does not constitute public information and that such data or information wi11 not be included in any publication or presentation by a Party under this Article without the other Party's prior written permission:
(a) Data furnished by the other Party in accordance with Article 7 (Transfer of Goods and Technical Data) which are identified as export-controlled or proprietary; or (b) Information about an invention of the other Party before a patent application (or similar form of protection in any country) corresponding to such invention has been filed covering the same, or a decision not to file has been made.
8 Article 10-Exchange of Personnel and Access to Facilities
1. To facilitate implementation of the activities conducted under this Agreement, the Parties may support the exchange of a limited number of personnel, including their Related Entities, from each Party, at an appropriate time and under conditions mutually agreed between the Parties.
2. Access by the Parties' personnel to each other's facilities or property, or to each other's Information Technology (IT) systems or applications, is contingent upon compliance with each other's respective security and safety policies and guidelines including, but not limited to: standards on badging, credentials, and facility and IT system application/access.
Article 11- Customs Clearance and Movement of Goods
1. Each Party will waive all applicable duties and taxes, regardless of point of entry, for goods necessary for the implementation of this Agreement, subject to its respective country's domestic law. In the event that any duties or taxes of any kind are nonetheless levied on such equipment and related goods, such duties or taxes will be borne by the Party of the country levying such duties or taxes.
2. Each of the Parties will also facilitate the movement of goods into and out of its territory as necessary for the implementation of this Agreement, subject to its respective country's domestic law.
Article 12 - Overflight
Each Party will facilitate, upon request from the other Party, the provision of aircraft and balloon overflight clearances, as necessary, subject to the issuing party's national laws and regulations regarding their overflight.
Article 13 - Consultation and Dispute Resolution
1. The Parties will consult, as appropriate, to review the implementation of activities undertaken pursuant to this Agreement and to exchange views on potential areas offut.ure cooperation.
2. In the event questions or issues arise regarding the implementation of activities under this Agreement or regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Program Managers identified in the relevant Implementing Arrangement will consult promptly to seek resolution of the issues. Any dispute on which the Program Managers are unable to reach agreement will be referred to the appropriate senior-level officials for joint resolution.
Article 14- Amendments
9 This Agreement may be amended at any time by written agreement ofthe Parties.
Article 15-Continuing Obligations
Termination or expiration of this Agreement or any Implementing Arrangements concluded hereunder, will not affect a Party's continuing obligations under Article 6 (Cross-Waiver of Liability), Article 7 (Transfer of Goods and Technical Data), and Article 8 (lntellectua] Property Rights), unless otherwise agreed by the Parties.
Article 16-Entry into Force and Duration
Recognizing that both Parties have completed their respective internal approval processes, this Agreement wil1 enter into force upon signature by both Parties. This Agreement will remain in force for ten (10) years unless extended by written agreement of the Parties or terminated in accordance with the provisions of Article 17 (Termination).
Article 17 - Termination
1. Either Party may terminate this Agreement at any time by providing at least twelve (12) months' written notice of its intent to terminate. In the event of termination, the terminating Party will endeavor to minimize any negative impact of such termination on the other Party.
2. Notwithstanding the termination or expiration of this Agreement, its provisions will continue to apply to cooperation under any Implementing Arrangements in effect at the time of termination or expiration, for the duration of such Implementing Arrangements.
10 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
Done at Jerusalem this 13th day of October 2015, in duplicate, in the English and Hebrew languages, both language versions being equally authentic.
For the National Aeronautics and Space For the Israel Space Agency QSA): Administration (NASA):
Charles F. Bolden, Jr. Menachem Kidron
Administrator Director General
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