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TR-225: D & C Red No. 9 (CASRN 5160-02-1)

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TR-225: D & C Red No. 9 (CASRN 5160-02-1) NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM Technical Report Series No. 225 4 CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY OF D & C RED No. 9 (CAS NO. 5160-02-1) IN F344 RATS AND B6C3Fi MICE (FEED STUDY) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM The National Toxicology Program (NTP), established in 1978, develops and evaluates scientific information about potentially toxic and hazardous chemicals. This knowledge can be used for protecting the health of the American people and for the primary prevention of chemically induced disease. By bringing together the relevant programs, staff, and resources from the U.S. Public Health Service, DHHS, the National Toxicology Program has centralized and strengthened activities relating to toxicology research, testing and test development/ validation efforts, and the dissemi­ nation of toxicological information to the public and scientific communi­ ties and to the research and regulatory agencies. The NTP is comprised of four charter DHHS agencies: the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health; the National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administra­ tion; and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control. In June 1981, the Carcinogenesis Bioassay Testing Program, NCI, was transferred to the NIEHS. NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY OP D & C RED No. 9 (CAS NO. 5160-02-1) IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3FJ/N MICE (FEED STUDY) NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM Research Triangle Park Box 12233 North Carolina 27709 and Bethesda, Maryland 20205 May 1982 NTP-80-79 NIH Publication No. 82-1781 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institute of Health NOTE TO THE READER This is one in a series of experiments designed to determine whether selected chemicals produce cancer in animals. Chemicals selected for testing in the NTP carcinogenesis bioassay program are chosen primarily on the bases of human exposure, level of production, and chemical structure. Selection per se is not an indicator of a chemical's carcinogenic potential. Negative results, in which the test animals do not have a greater incidence of cancer than control animals, do not necessarily mean that a test chemical is not a carcinogen, inasmuch as the experiments are conducted under a limited set of conditions. Positive results demonstrate that a test chemical is carcino­ genic for animals under the conditions of the test and indicate that exposure to the chemical is a potential hazard to humans. The determination of the risk to humans from chemicals found to be carcinogenic in animals requires a wider analysis which extends beyond the purview of this study. This study was initiated by the National Cancer Institute's Carcinogenesis Testing Program, now part of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program. Comments and questions about the National Toxicology Program Technical Reports on Carcinogenesis Bioassays should be directed to the National Toxicology Program, located at Room A-306, Landow Building, Bethesda, MD 20205 (301-496-1152) or at Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (919-541-3991). Although every effort is made to prepare the Technical Reports as accurately as possible, mistakes may occur. Readers are requested to communicate any mistakes to the Deputy Director, NTP (P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709), so that corrective action may be taken. Further, anyone who is aware of related ongoing or published studies not mentioned in ths report is encouraged to make this information known to the NTP. These NTP Technical Reports are available for sale from the National Techni­ cal Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703-487-4650). Single copies of this carcinogenesis bioassay technical report are available without charge (and while supplies last) from the NTP Public Information Office, National Toxicology Program, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract vii Contributors ix- Reviewers ' xi Summary of Peer-Review Comments ... xiii I. Introduction 1 II, Materials and Methods 3 A. Chemical 3 B. Dietary Preparation 3 C. Animals 4 D. Animal Maintenance 4 E. Single Dose and Repeated Dose Studies 6 F. Subchronic Studies 6 G. Chronic Studies 11 H. Clinical Examinations and Pathology 11 I. Data Recording and Statistical Analyses ....... 13 III. Results - Rats 17 A. Body Weights and Clinical Signs 17 B. Survival 17 C. Pathology 17 D. Statistical Analyses of Results 23 IV. Results - Mice 39 A. Body Weights and Clinical Signs 39 B. Survival 39 C. Pathology 39 D. Statistical Analyses of Results 43 V. Discussion 53 VI. Conclusions 59 VII. Bibliography 61 TABLES Table 1 Specifications and Sources of Materials Used for Animal Maintenance 5 Table 2 Dosage and Survival of Rats and Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 for 2 Weeks 7 iii Page Table 3 Dosage, Survival, ajid Mean Body Weights of Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 for 91 Days 8 Table 4 Dosage, Survival, and Mean Body Weights of Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 for 91 Days 9 Table 5 Experimental Design of Chronic Feeding Studies with D & C Red No. 9 in Rats and Mice 12 Table 6 Mean Body Weight Change (Relative to Controls) of Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 for 103 Weeks 19 Table 7 Numbers of Rats with Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Lesions in the Spleen 22 Table 8 Analyses of the Indidence of Primary Tumors in Male Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 26 Table 9 Analyses of the Incidence of Primary Tumors in Female Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 33 Table 10 Mean Body Weight Change (Relative to Controls) of Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 41 Table 11 Analyses of the Incidence of Primary Tumors in Male Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 46 Table 12 Analyses of the Incidence of Primary Tumors in Female Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 50 Table 13 Comparison of Results of Chronic Feeding Studies of Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble Monoazo Dyes C/ and Related Compounds FIGURES Figure 1 Growth Curves for Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 18 Figure 2 Survival Curves for Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 20 Figure 3 Growth Curves for Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 40 Figure 4 Survival Curves for Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 42 Figure 5 Infrared Absorption Spectrum of D & C Red No. 9 (Lot No. Z-8054) 153 iv Pace APPENDIXES Appendix A Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 65 Table Al Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Male Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 67 Table A2 Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Female Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 72 Table A3 Individual Animal Tumor Pathology of Male Rats in the 2-Year Study of D & C Red No. 9 76 Table A4 Individual Animal Tumor Pathology of Female Rats in the 2-Year Study of D & C Red No. 9 82 Appendix B Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 89 Table Bl Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Male Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 91 Table B2 Summary of the Incidence of Neoplasms in Female Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 95 Table B3 Individual Animal Tumor Pathology of Male Mice in the 2-Year Study of D & C Red No. 9 100 Table B4 Individual Animal Tumor Pathology of Female Mice in the 2-Year Study of D & C Red No. 9 106 Appendix C Summary of the Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 113 Table Cl Summary of the" Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Male Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 115 Table C2 Summary of the Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Female Rats Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 .... 124 Appendix D Summary of the Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 133 Table Dl Summary of the Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Male Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 135 Table D2 Summary of the Incidence of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Female Mice Fed Diets Containing D & C Red No. 9 .... 141 v Page Appendix £ Analysis of D & C Red No. 9 (Lot No. Z-8054) Midwest Research Institute 149 Appendix F Analysis of Formulated Diets for Stability of D & C Red No. 9 155 Appendix G Analysis of Formulated Diets for Concentrations of D & C Red No. 9 159 Table Gl Analyses of Formulated Diets 162 Appendix H Feed Consumption by Rats and Mice Receiving D & C Red No. 9 . 163 Table HI Feed Consumption by Male Rats Receiving D & C Red No. 9 165 Table H2 Feed Consumption by Female Rats Receiving D & C Red No. 9 166 Table H3 Feed Consumption by Male Mice Receiving D & C Red No. 9 167 Table H4 Feed Consumption by Female Mice Receiving D & C Red No. 9 168 vi ABSTRACT A carcinogenesis bioassay of D & C Red No. 9, a pigment used in topical drugs and cosmetics, was conducted by feeding diets containing 1,000 or 3,000 ppm of the test substance (89.8% pure) to groups of 50 F344 rats of either sex for 103 weeks.
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