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Rare Sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) Species from the Mediterranean Sea

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Rare Sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) Species from the Mediterranean Sea J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2004), 84, 593^598 Printed in the United Kingdom Rare sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) species from the Mediterranean Sea P O Eleni Voultsiadou* and Dimitris Va¢dis O *Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. Fisheries Research P Institute, NAGREF, N. Peramos 64007, Kavala, Greece. Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Fourteen rare or poorly known sponge species have been found in the Aegean Sea. The species Pachastrissa pathologica, Calthropella stelligera, Weberella verrucosa, Aaptos papillatus, Timea geministellata, Spiroxya heteroclita, Clathria translata, Hymedesmia simillima, Mycale serrulata, Myrmekioderma spelaea, Callyspongia septimaniensis and Ircinia pipetta are new records for the eastern Mediterranean while the species Geodia barretti and Petrosia vansoesti are reported for the ¢rst time from the Mediterranean Sea. Information on their morphology, geographical and bathymetrical distribution is given and discussed. INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATICS Although the sponge fauna of the western basin of the Twenty-¢ve sponge specimens belonging to 14 demos- Mediterranean is widely considered among the best ponge species classi¢ed in 13 families and 6 orders were known in the world (Uriz & Maldonado, 1993), the knowl- examined. edge of the eastern basin sponges is poor compared with that of the other parts of the Mediterranean (Voultsiadou- Koukoura & van Soest, 1993). Moreover, the sponge Order ASTROPHORIDA diversity of the Aegean Sea is far from being adequately Family CALTHROPELIDAE Lendenfeld, 1907 studied, as has been pointed out by various authors Pachastrissa pathologica (Schmidt, 1868) (Voultsiadou-Koukoura & Koukouras, 1993; Pansini et al., Stelletta pathologica Schmidt, 1868. 2000) and new species are continuously being described Calthropella pathologica, Vacelet, 1969. (e.g. Voultsiadou-Koukoura & van Soest, 1991a,b; Voultsiadou-Koukoura et al., 1991). Our knowledge of the Material examined Porifera of these regions is included in a restricted number One specimen from Station 17, on calcareous algae, at a of publications which have been to some extent reviewed depth of 70 m. by Voultsiadou-Koukoura & Koukouras (1993) and Pansini et al. (2000). Description Accordingly, it is not surprising that sampling in various Massive specimen, having a size of 3.7Â2.5Â2 cm (cortex sites of the Aegean revealed the presence of sponges not width 0.8 mm), with choanosomal canals 2.5 mm in previously recorded from this area. These sponges can be diameter. Skeleton made of calthrops (50^495Â3.6^50 mm), characterized as rare species since they have been oxeas greater than 2000 mm all broken with a maximum recorded with a small number of specimens, from very width of 15 mm, and oxyshaeresters (7.2^17.6 mm). few geographical areas or from speci¢c ecological habitats. The main goal of this paper is to contribute to our Distribution and habitat knowledge of demosponge diversity in the Aegean Sea Sciaphilic species found in submarine caves and bathyal and the eastern Mediterranean, as well as to give informa- coral communities, recorded to date only from the western tion on the morphology and distribution of some poorly Mediterranean. Bathymetrical range: 13^250 m. known sponge species. Calthropella stelligera (Schmidt, 1868) MATERIALS AND METHODS Corticium stelligerum Schmidt, 1868. Sponge specimens were collected from 17 stations Corticella stelligera, Lendenfeld, 1894. scattered over the Aegean Sea, excluding the Turkish Corticellopsis stelligera, Diaz & van Soest, 1994. coasts (Figure 1). Sampling was made by free or SCUBA diving, dredges, and grabs down to 90 m. InTable 1 a list of Material examined sampling stations is presented. Sponge specimens and One specimen from Station 7, found as an encrustation spicule preparations have been deposited in the Museum on a mass of calcareous algae, rodophycae and corals, at a of the Department of Zoology. depth of 20 m. The classi¢cation followed in this work was based on a large number of publications and is in agreement with that Description proposed by Hooper & van Soest (2002) in Systema Porifera, The sponge has the form of a thin encrustation. Skeleton and by van Soest (2001). is made of calthrops with rays 120^240 mm long, having a Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (2004) 594 E. Voultsiadou and D.Va¢dis Rare sponges from the Mediterranean Remarks Topsent (1895), as well, reports the presence of oxeas in his description of the type specimen found by Schmidt in the Adriatic. Although large (580^670Â8 mm) and abun- dant, Topsent considers that oxeas are probably foreign material incorporated by C. stelligera. Family GEODIDAE Gray, 1867 Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 Geodia barretti, Arndt, 1935; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994. Material examined Five specimens from Station 14, on a vertical rock, at 4 to 6 m. One of the specimens was attached on a polychaete tube. Description Massive form, one of the specimens spherical, with a diameter of 1cm. Cortex built of a dense layer of sterrasters, 66.5^72 mm and strongyllasters, 2.5^5.8 mm. Choanosomal skeleton includes: dichotriaenes with a rhabdome of 837^1449Â13.5^31.5 mm, protoclads of Figure 1. Map of the Aegean Sea showing the sampling 45^58.5Â11.7 ^31.5 mm and deuteroclads of 27^153Â stations. 6.3^28.8 mm; anatriaenes with clads of 36^55Â3.2 mm and rhabdome length greater than 2000 mm (all were found broken); protriaenes with clads of 36^60Â1.5 mm width of about 20 mm at their base. Microscleres are (their rhabdome length similar to that of the anatriaenes); euasters of two distinct types: chiasters with 8^12 rays, oxysphaerasters, 18^38.8 mm and oxyasters, 7.2^21.6 mm. each 5^8 mm long and oxyasters with six rays measuring 20^28 mm. A considerable number of oxeas, measuring 100^350 mm, exist. Distribution and habitat This is the ¢rst record of this species in the Distribution and habitat Mediterranean Sea. Eurybathic species found on The species has been reported up to date only from the infralittoral, circalittoral and bathyal bottoms. Known coasts of Algery, the Adriatic and the Canary Islands, from the Arctic Seas, the eastern Atlantic coasts and among coral polyps and in the intertidal zone. Bathyme- the Spanish^Moroccan Gulf. Bathymetrical range: trical range: 0^20 m. 4^1747 m . Table 1. List of sampling stations. Station Locality Coordinates 1 Thermaikos Gulf 40812’00’’N22852’55’’E 2 Thermaikos Gulf 39849’50’’N23813’20’’E 3 Agia Paraskevi 39855’15’’N23842’20’’E 4 Strymonikos Gulf 40835’10’’N23858’45’’E 5 GulfofKavala 40851’20’’N24828’00’’E 6 North-east of Lemnos Island 40800’00’’N25821’25’’E 7 North-west of Agios Eustratios Island 39833’30’’N25803’60’’E 8 North-east of Youra Island 39827’20’’N24815’50’’E 9 Youra Island 39825’20’’N24808’10’’E 10 South-west of Lesvos Island 39804’20’’N25855’20’’E 11 West of Chios Island 38826’30’’N25847’40’’E 12 Linaria, Skyros Island 38849’00’’N24831’40’’E 13 Agios Georgios, Evoia Island 38849’20’’N22856’70’’E 14 Skorponeria, Voiotia 38834’00’’N23821’20’’E 15 Sarakiniko, Evoia Island 38846’20’’N23842’20’’E 16 Mesochoria, Evoia Island 38821’30’’N24814’20’’E 17 Lindos, Rhodes Island 36808’40’’N28805’20’’E Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (2004) Rare sponges from the Mediterranean E. Voultsiadou and D.Va¢dis 595 Order HADROMERIDA subterminal head. Spicule dimensions: astrose micro- Family POLYMASTIIDAE Gray, 1867 scleres, 6.75^20 mm, tylostyles 190^750 mm. Weberella verrucosa Va c e l e t , 19 6 0 Distribution and habitat Webe re ll a v e r r u cos a Vacelet, 1960. Known hitherto only from its type locality (Bay of Naples) where it was found on a Posidonia rhizome. Bathy- Material examined metrical range: 10^35 m. One specimen from Station 3, on calcareous algae, at 70 m. Family ALECTONIDAE Rossel, 1996 Description Spiroxya heteroclita Topsent, 1896 Massive globular specimen with a restricted base, Spiroxya heteroclitaTopsent, 1896. minutely hispid on the surface. Ectosome, not detachable, made of tylostyles measuring 95^15 0Â2 mm. Choano- Material examined somal skeleton made of spicule tracts forming an irregular One specimen from Station 8, on a rocky plateau, in reticulation. The dimensions of the choanosomal tylostyles crevices possibly made by boring sponges at 20 m. are 250^500Â4^8 mm. Description Distribution and habitat A small encrustation entirely used for spicule prepara- The species has been hitherto reported only from the tions. Skeleton: oxeas strongly curved in their middle north-western Mediterranean coast and the Spanish^ (82.8^774Â1.9^23.4 mm) and microstrongyles curved, with Moroccan Gulf, on rocky, detritic and coralligenous spines around them (68.4^86.4Â3.6^5.4 mm). bottoms. Bathymetrical range: 64^16 0 m. Distribution and habitat Family SUBERITIDAE Schmidt, 1870 Reported only from the western Mediterranean, in rock Aaptos papillatus (Keller, 1880) crevices, sub-horizontal rocks and coralligenous bottoms. Bathymetrical range: 12^35 m. Aaptos papillatus,Lopes,1989. Material examined Order POECILOSCLERIDA One specimen from Station 2, on a detritic bottom, at Family MICROCIONIDAE Carter, 1875 about 40 m. Clathria translata (Pulitzer-Finali, 1978) Ophlitaspongia translata Pulitzer-Finali, 1978. Description Echinoclathria translata, Hooper, 1996. Massive, spherical specimen, 6 cm in diameter, with a narrow base of attachment. Numerous papillae on the Material examined surface, 3^6 mm in diameter, 1^4 mm apart. Skeleton Two specimens from Stations 5 and 11 on detritic made of strongyloxeas (1800^2790Â31.5^63 mm) and bottoms at about 50 m. tylostyles or styles (270^630Â4.5^13.5 mm). Description Distribution and habitat Lobate form with ¢nely hispid surface. Skeleton structure Amphi-atlantic species, known so far in the and form of spicules ¢ts well to the description given by Mediterranean only from the north-western Italian coast, Pulitzer-Finali (1978).
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