DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol­ published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo­ land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon­ Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial­ his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche­ around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat­ (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St. Martin, probably also schappij, in 1847 and 1861, respectively. His letters to St. Barthelemy, St. Croix, and Cuba), treating cholera. He van Breda make frequent reference to these publications. reached Panama, where he opened a hospital. Again From the letter of 8 May 1855, we learn that Michelotti driven out by local intrigues, he returned to Guadeloupe. had just returned from a voyage to part of the United Around 1850 he went to Copenhagen to obtain a Danish States (the Great Lakes area is mentioned in another degree of medicine. He settled on St. Thomas, Virgin source), and in the winter of 1854-5, to Cuba and Islands (then Danish) in 1852, continuing his profession. neighbouring islands of the Antilles. He was apparently He left the West Indies for good in 1867, and settled in interested chiefly in geology and paleontology, but seems France, where he died in 1873. He collected rather to have drawn comparisons between fossil and recent aimlessly, had virtually no books to consult, but sent invertebrates. From a later letter (11 June 1861) it much material, chiefly plants, to European correspon­ appears that Michelotti spent three months in the West dents. Much of Sagot's account is dedicated to Duchas­ Indies. He must have met Duchassaing during this saing's botanical collections. Besides his own zoological period. publications (notably 1850, 1870) and that on sponges Michelotti mentioned in the letter of 9 November 1858 with Michelotti (1864), he published on the geology of and again in the following of 15 December 1858, that Guadeloupe, and, again with Michelotti, on corals of the Duchassaing was engaged in describing and drawing Antilles. He must have started to collect sponges soon sponges of the Antilles from live specimens. The manu­ after his return from his studies in France, but in any script was then nearly complete, with 80 of the 110 case from 1848 on, as his short paper of 1850 contains de­ species known to Duchassaing already described, illus­ scriptions of some sponges from the Antilles. trated, and distributed among 15 genera, plus an intro­ Giovanni Michelotti (1812-98) spent most of his life in ductory chapter on the principles of classification Turin. He was a lawyer in government service, and adopted. All this had been done by Duchassaing alone. devoted his free time to paleontology, chiefly to inverte­ Michelotti was invited by Duchassaing to make a compi­ brate fossils of Northern Italy. Published biographical lation and commentary on the existing literature on data refer chiefly to the latter activity, and very little is sponges, to prepare notes on distribution outside the known on Michelotti's association with Duchassaing, or West Indies, and to add synonymies and citations. of the extent of his contribution to the joint paper on Michelotti was also given free hand in looking for a sponges. Details concerning the publication of the suitable publisher and seeing the manuscript through sponge memoir and the fate of the type collections are press. He offered the manuscript, plates, and all spe­ equally obscure. De Laubenfels (1953b, p. 30) made a cimens to the Hollandsche Maatschappij. Duchassaing few comments, some of which need to be corrected. agreed to these plans, but suggested that Michelotti Fortunately, a Xerox copy of a collection of letters should visit the important collections in Paris and Lon­ written by Michelotti to Prof. J. G. S. van Breda in don, and consult some English specialists, particularly Haarlem was made available for study by Mr. J. G. de Bowerbank, with whom Michelotti was already in corre­ Bruijn, Teylers Stichting, Haarlem, who also provided spondence concerning paleontology. As we learn from information of his own. From these 52 letters, written later letters, the political developments in Italy, and his 249 Table 48 Primary types and hypo types of species described by Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, deposited in the Zoological Museum Amsterdam. The names preceded by an asterisk are not represented in the British Museum (Natural History). Published name Page ZMANo. Original label Present interpretation Spongia barbara 31 Por.2074 Spongia barbara Spongia barbara Viecques Duchassaing & Michelotti (a 'hardhead sponge') Spongia cerebriformis 32 Por. 2075 Spongia cerebriformis Spongia sterea de Laubenfels and Storr, St. Thomas forma sterea•) Songia grossypina 32 Por. 2087 Spongia grossypina St. Thomas Hippospongia grossypina (Duchassaing & Michelotti) Spongia meandriformis 33 Por. 2096 Sp .... formis Viecques Spongia barbara [partly illegible] Duchassaing & Michelotti (a 'hardhead sponge') Spongia tubulifera Lamarck 34 Por. 2257 Spong. tubulifera St. Thomas Spongia tubulifera Lamarck • Spongia vermiculata 35 Por. 2256 Sp. vermiculata St. Thomas Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti (a 'hardhead sponge') *Spongia discus 37 Por. 2077 Spong. discus Spongia obliqua Viecques Duchassaing & Michelotti • Spongia fusca 38 Por.2086 Sp. fusca Haliclona (Amphimedon) complanata St. Thomas Duchassaing, 1850 Spongia obliqua 38 Por. 2099 Sp.obliqua Spongia obliqua Viecques Duchassaing & Michelotti b) *Spongia musicalis 39 Por. 2097 Sp. musicalis spec. mediocre Coscinoderma? sp. indet. St. Thomas Spongia manus Blain ville 39 Por.2095 Spongia Manus St. Martin Haliclona (Amphimedon) complanata Duchassaing Spongia rubens Pallas 41 Por. 2254 Sp. rubens St. Thomas Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti Tuba sororia 46 Por. 2415 Tuba sororia St. Thomas Spinosella vaginalis (Lamarck), forma vaginalis Tuba megastoma 48 Por. 2412 Tuba megastoma St. Thomas Spinosella vaginalis, forma vaginalis Tuba bursaria (Spongia) Lamarck 48 Por. 2411 [Spong.] Tuba bursaria Spinosella villosa (Pallas) St. Martine) Tuba armigera 48 Por. 2407 Tuba armigera St. Thomas Spinosella vaginalis, forma armigera Duchassaing & Michelotti Tuba digitalis (Spongia) Lamarck 49 Por. 2408 Original label lost Niphates digitalis (Lamarck), forma digitalis *Tuba pavonina 50 Por. 2413 Tuba pavonina St. Thomas Niphates digitalis, forma pavonina Duchassaing & Michelotti *Tuba plicifera Lamarck 53 Por. 2414 Tuba plicifera St. Thomas Spinosella plicifera (Lamarck) *Tuba irregularis 53 Por. 2409 Tuba irregularis St. Thomas Spinosella vaginalis forma vaginalis Por. 2410 Tuba irregularis Viecques Spinosella vaginalis, forma vaginalis Callyspongia Eschrichtii 56 Por. 620 Original label lost Spinosella vaginalis, forma eschrichti Duchassaing & Michelotti Por. 623 Callysp. Eschrichtii Spinosella vaginalis, forma eschrichti St. Thomas *Callyspongia bullata (Spongia) 56 Por. 626 Originallabellost Callyspongia fallax Lamarck Duchassaing & Michelotti Luffaria sebae 59 Por. 1478 Luffaria Sebae St. Thomas Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck) Por. 1479 Luffaria Sebae St. Thomas Aplysina lacunosa *Luffaria nuciformis 60 Por. 1476d) Luffaria musciformis [sic] Aplysina lacunosa St. Thomas *Luffaria insularis 61 Por. 1475 Luffaria insularis Aplysinafistularis (Pallas), formafistularis') St. Thomas *Polytherses campana (Spongia) 68 Por. 1852 Original label lost Ircinia campana (Lamarck) Lamarck *Polytherses armata 70 Por. 1851 Polyth. armata specim. junior Irciniafelix (Duchassaing & Michelotti) St. Thomas *Polytherses longispina 71 Por. 1855 Polytherses longispina I rsinia strobilina (Lamarck) St. Thomas Polytherses felix 72 Por. 1854 Polyth. felix St. Thomas Irciniafelix (Duchassaing & Michelotti) Polytherses capitata 72 Por. 1853 Polyth. Capitata St. Thomas Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck) *Hyrtios musciformis 75 Por. 1427 Original label lost Iotrochota birotulata (Riggin)') *Agelas dispar 76 Por. 607 Age las dis par St. Martin Age/as sparsa (Gray)g) Amphimedon compressa 78 Por.863 Amphimedon compressa Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa St. Thomas Duchassaing & Michelotti. Lectotype Amphimedon arborescens 79 Por. 878 Amphimedon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trends of Aquatic Alien Species Invasions in Ukraine
    Aquatic Invasions (2007) Volume 2, Issue 3: 215-242 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.8 Open Access © 2007 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2007 REABIC Research Article Trends of aquatic alien species invasions in Ukraine Boris Alexandrov1*, Alexandr Boltachev2, Taras Kharchenko3, Artiom Lyashenko3, Mikhail Son1, Piotr Tsarenko4 and Valeriy Zhukinsky3 1Odessa Branch, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU); 37, Pushkinska St, 65125 Odessa, Ukraine 2Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU; 2, Nakhimova avenue, 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine 3Institute of Hydrobiology NASU; 12, Geroyiv Stalingrada avenue, 04210 Kiyv, Ukraine 4Institute of Botany NASU; 2, Tereschenkivska St, 01601 Kiyv, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] (BA), [email protected] (AB), [email protected] (TK, AL), [email protected] (PT) *Corresponding author Received: 13 November 2006 / Accepted: 2 August 2007 Abstract This review is a first attempt to summarize data on the records and distribution of 240 alien species in fresh water, brackish water and marine water areas of Ukraine, from unicellular algae up to fish. A checklist of alien species with their taxonomy, synonymy and with a complete bibliography of their first records is presented. Analysis of the main trends of alien species introduction, present ecological status, origin and pathways is considered. Key words: alien species, ballast water, Black Sea, distribution, invasion, Sea of Azov introduction of plants and animals to new areas Introduction increased over the ages. From the beginning of the 19th century, due to The range of organisms of different taxonomic rising technical progress, the influence of man groups varies with time, which can be attributed on nature has increased in geometrical to general processes of phylogenesis, to changes progression, gradually becoming comparable in in the contours of land and sea, forest and dimensions to climate impact.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 100
    ISSN 0083-7903, 100 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 100 (Online) , , II COVER PHOTO. Dictyodendrilla cf. cavernosa (Lendenfeld, 1883) (type species of Dictyodendri/la Bergquist, 1980) (see page 24), from NZOI Stn I827, near Rikoriko Cave entrance, Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve. Photo: Ken Grange, NZOI. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera by ELLIOT W. DAWSON N .Z. Oceanographic Institute, Wellington New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 100 1993 • This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Cataloguing in publication DAWSON, E.W. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera / by Elliot W. Dawson - Wellington: New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 1993. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir, ISSN 0083-7903, 100) ISBN 0-478-08310-6 I. Title II. Series UDC Series Editor Dennis P. Gordon Typeset by Rose-Marie C. Thompson NIWA Oceanographic (NZOI) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Received for publication: 17 July 1991 © NIWA Copyright 1993 2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 SCOPE AND ARRANGEMENT 7 SYSTEMATIC LIST 8 Class DEMOSPONGIAE 8 Subclass Homosclcromorpha ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Distinguishing Characteristics of Sponges
    Distinguishing characteristics of sponges Continue Sponges are amazing creatures with some unique characteristics. Here is a brief overview of sponges and their features. You are here: Home / Uncategorized / Characteristics of sponges: BTW, They are animals, NOT plants! Sponges are amazing creatures with some unique characteristics. Here is a brief overview of sponges and their features. Almost all of us are familiar with commercial sponges, which are used for various purposes, such as cleaning. There are several living sponges found in both seawater as well as fresh water. These living species are not plants, but are classified as porifera animals. The name of this branch is derived from the pores on the body of the sponge, and it means the bearer of pores in Greek. It is believed that there are about 5000 to 10,000 species of sponges, and most of them are found in seawater. So sponges are unique aquatic animals with some interesting characteristics. Would you like to write to us? Well, we are looking for good writers who want to spread the word. Get in touch with us and we'll talk... Let's work together! Sponges are mainly found as part of marine life; but, about 100 to 150 species can be found in fresh water. They may resemble plants, but are actually sessile animals (inability to move). Sponges are often found attached to rocks and coral reefs. You can find them in different forms. While some of them are tube-like and straight, some others have a fan-like body. Some are found as crusts on rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
    Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Individualistic Patterns in the Budding Morphology of the Mediterranean Demosponge Aplysina Aerophoba
    Short Communication Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19332 Individualistic patterns in the budding morphology of the Mediterranean demosponge Aplysina aerophoba Julio A. DÍAZ1, 2, Juancho MOVILLA3 and Pere FERRIOL1 1 Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Biology Department, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Estació d’Investigació Jaume Ferrer, Menorca, Spain Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Eleni VOULTSIADOU Received: 10 December 2018; Accepted: 18 April 2019; Published on line: 28 May 2019 Abstract The external morphology of sponges is characterized by high plasticity, generally considered to be shaped by environmental factors, and modulated through complex morphogenetic pathways. This work shows for the first time that explants of the At- lanto-Mediterranean demosponge Aplysina aerophoba reared in aquaria under different pH and temperature conditions produce reproductive buds with a phenotype determined by the donor individual. These results suggest, therefore, that genotype may be an important factor controlling different phenotypes in this species. Keywords: Mediterranean Sea; Aplysina aerophoba; Asexual reproduction; Morphogenesis; Sponge budding. Introduction 1986). This was tested on field experiments involving tropical sponges, in which the relationship between the Sponges are invertebrates with a relatively simple phenotype and genetic identity of individuals was ver- body design, formed by an external layer, the pinaco- ified with graft histocompatibility bioassays (Hildeman derm; an inner layer, the mesohyl; and an aquiferous sys- et al., 1979; Jokiel et al., 1982; Neigel & Avisse, 1983; tem composed of canals and choanocyte chambers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
    marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
    NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment).
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence and Identity of Photosynthetic Symbionts in Caribbean Coral Reef Sponge Assemblages
    J. Mar. mz. A». KA! (2007), 87, 1683-1692 doi: 10.1017/S0025315407058213 Printed in the United Kingdom Incidence and identity of photosynthetic symbionts in Caribbean coral reef sponge assemblages Patrick M. Erwin and Robert W. Thacker* University of Alabama at Birmingham, 109 Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA. Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Marine sponges are abundant and diverse components of coral reefs and commonly harbour photosynthetic symbionts in these environments. The most prevalent symbiont is the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus spongiarum, isolated from taxonomically diverse hosts from geographically distant regions. We combined analyses of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations with line-intercept transect surveys to assess the abundance and diversity of reef sponges hosting photosymbionts on Caribbean coral reefs in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. To identify symbionts, we designed PCR primers that specifically amplify a fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from S. spongiarum and used these primers to screen potential host sponges for the presence of this symbiont. Chlorophyll-a data divided the sponge community into two disparate groups, species with high (>125 Mg/g, N=20) and low (<50 Mg/g, N=38) chl-a concentrations. Only two species exhibited intermediate (50— 125 (Jg/g) chl-a concentrations; these species represented hosts with reduced symbiont populations, including bleached Xestospongia muta and the mangrove form of Chondrilla nucula (C. nucula f. hermatypicd). Sponges with high and intermediate chl-a concentrations accounted for over one-third of the species diversity and abundance of sponges in these communities. Most (85%) of these sponges harboured S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chemistry of Marine Sponges∗ 4 Sherif S
    The Chemistry of Marine Sponges∗ 4 Sherif S. Ebada and Peter Proksch Contents 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 192 4.2 Alkaloids .................................................................................. 193 4.2.1 Manzamine Alkaloids ............................................................. 193 4.2.2 Bromopyrrole Alkaloids .......................................................... 196 4.2.3 Bromotyrosine Derivatives ....................................................... 208 4.3 Peptides .................................................................................... 217 4.4 Terpenes ................................................................................... 240 4.4.1 Sesterterpenes (C25)............................................................... 241 4.4.2 Triterpenes (C30).................................................................. 250 4.5 Concluding Remarks ...................................................................... 268 4.6 Study Questions ........................................................................... 269 References ....................................................................................... 270 Abstract Marine sponges continue to attract wide attention from marine natural product chemists and pharmacologists alike due to their remarkable diversity of bioac- tive compounds. Since the early days of marine natural products research in ∗The section on sponge-derived “terpenes” is from a review article published
    [Show full text]
  • Sponges of the Caribbean: Linking Sponge Morphology and Associated Bacterial Communities Ericka Ann Poppell
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 5-2011 Sponges of the Caribbean: linking sponge morphology and associated bacterial communities Ericka Ann Poppell Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Poppell, Ericka Ann, "Sponges of the Caribbean: linking sponge morphology and associated bacterial communities" (2011). Master's Theses. Paper 847. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT SPONGES OF THE CARIBBEAN: LINKING SPONGE MORPHOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES By: Ericka Ann Poppell, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the University of Richmond University of Richmond, May 2011 Thesis Director: Malcolm S. Hill, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Biology The ecological and evolutionary relationship between sponges and their symbiotic microflora remains poorly understood, which limits our ability to understand broad scale patterns in benthic-pelagic coupling on coral reefs. Previous research classified sponges into two different categories of sponge-microbial associations: High Microbial Abundance (HMA) and Low Microbial Abundance (LMA) sponges. Choanocyte chamber morphology and density was characterized in representatives of HMA and LMA sponges using scanning electron I)licroscopy from freeze-fractured tissue. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis was used to examine taxonomic differences among the bacterial communities present in a variety of tropical sponges.
    [Show full text]
  • Ctz 74-00 Pinheiro.Indd
    Contributions to Zoology, 74 (3/4) 271-278 (2005) Shallow-water Niphatidae (Haplosclerina, Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (tropical southwestern At- lantic), with the description of a new species U. S. Pinheiro1, 2, *, R.G.S. Berlinck 3, **, E. Hajdu 2, *** 1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Rua José Moreira So- brinho, s/n, 45200-000, Jequiezinho, Jequié, BA, Brazil; 2Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade do Brasil, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 3Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; *FAPERJ fellow, e-mail: upinheiro@gmail. com; **CNPq fellow, e-mail: [email protected]; ***CNPq fellow, e-mail: [email protected] Key words: Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerina, Niphatidae, tropical southwestern Atlantic, taxonomy, new species Abstract Comparison of the niphatids collected in the São Sebastião Channel area and its environs with data Two niphatids are described here: Amphimedon viridis and compiled from the literature lead us to identify Am- Pachychalina alcaloidifera sp. nov. Amphimedon viridis is a common and conspicuous species in most of the tropical western phimedon viridis and a new species, Pachychalina Atlantic. Pachychalina alcaloidifera sp. nov. has this far been alcaloidifera sp. nov., to be described below. found only in the coasts of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states. Both species are described on the basis of series of specimens observed alive. Material and methods Specimens were collected during a faunistic survey Contents conducted in the area of the São Sebastião Channel and its environs, in the municipalities of São Sebas- Introduction ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Sequencing, Characterization and Overview of the Gene Expression Along Three Life Cycle Stages
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC Molecular Ecology Resources (2013) doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12085 A NGS approach to the encrusting Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): transcriptome sequencing, characterization and overview of the gene expression along three life cycle stages A. R. PEREZ-PORRO,*† D. NAVARRO-GOMEZ,† M. J. URIZ* and G. GIRIBET† *Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), c/Acces a la Cala St. Francesc 14, Girona, Blanes 17300, Spain, †Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Abstract Sponges can be dominant organisms in many marine and freshwater habitats where they play essential ecological roles. They also represent a key group to address important questions in early metazoan evolution. Recent approaches for improving knowledge on sponge biological and ecological functions as well as on animal evolution have focused on the genetic toolkits involved in ecological responses to environmental changes (biotic and abiotic), development and reproduction. These approaches are possible thanks to newly available, massive sequencing tech- nologies–such as the Illumina platform, which facilitate genome and transcriptome sequencing in a cost-effective manner. Here we present the first NGS (next-generation sequencing) approach to understanding the life cycle of an encrusting marine sponge. For this we sequenced libraries of three different life cycle stages of the Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans and generated de novo transcriptome assemblies. Three assemblies were based on sponge tissue of a particular life cycle stage, including non-reproductive tissue, tissue with sperm cysts and tissue with larvae.
    [Show full text]