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Special , 1967 Special Libraries, 1960s

1-1-1967

Special Libraries, January 1967

Special Libraries Association

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Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, January 1967" (1967). Special Libraries, 1967. 1. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1967/1

This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1960s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1967 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. bpecial libraries The first source for the lutest, uuthorittrtiue information on everything- front trtonls to ar f

-- SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published by Special Libraries Association monthly September to April bimonthly May to August, at 73 Main Street. Brattleboro, Vermont 05301: Editorial Offices: 31 East 10td Smet. New York, New York 10003. Second class postage pald at Brattleboro. Vermont.

POSTXAsTER: Send Form 3919 to Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St., New York, B. Y. 10003 @ The Faraday Press announces 30 major soviet-scientific Journals now available for the first time AUTHORITATIVE COVER-TO-COVER ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Cybernetics Mechanics of Solids Klbernetika Mekhan~kaTverdogo Tela Btnionthly $1 15 year E~monthly,$160/year Problems of Information Transmission Soviet Materials Science Problemy Peredachi informafs! Frziko-Khmlcheskaya Mekhanlka Mafer~alou Quarterly $100/year B~monthly.$1 l5/year Soviet Electrical Engineering Fluid Dynamics Elektrorekhr ka irv AN SSSR Mekhan~kaZhrd I Gasov Monthly $160 yea8 B~monthly.$160:year Magnetohydrodynamics Soviet Aeronautics Magnifnaya Gldrodgnam ha lzvestiya VUZ Av~alsionnayaTekhnrka Quarterly $90 year Quarterly. $125'~ear Applied Solar Energy Geimfekhn,ka Journal of Applied Spectroscopy Btmonthly $1 10 year Zhurnal Prikiadno, Spektroskopir Monthly. $1501year Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry Teoreticheskaya I Eksperlmentai naya Khmya Mendeleev Chemistry Journal Blmonfhly $120 year Zhurnal Vses Khm Ob-va Irn Mendeleeva B~monthly.$lGO/year Polymer Mechanics Mekhanlka Poiimerov Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Bmonthly $120 year Fmka Gorentya I Vzryva Soviet Applied Mechanics Quarterly. $100/year Pr~kladnayaMekhanika Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Monthly $160 year Khtm~yaGelerolsrklrcheskrkh Soed~nentf Soviet Physics Journal B~monthly.$1201'year lzvest~yaVUZ Fmka B~mon:hly $125 year Chemistry of Natural Compounds Kh~rnryaPrfrodnykh Soedmenrr Astrophysics Bmonthly $1 lOiyedr Asfrof~ztka Quarterly $90 year Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology Prikladnaya B!okhmiya I M,kroblologrya Journal of Applied Mechanics B~monthly.$120:year and Technical Physics Zhurnai Pr~kiadno!Mekhanik! I Tekhnicheskor F,z,k, Moscow University Physics Bulletin B~monthly$150 year Vestn~kMoskovskogo Un~versttetaFmka Automatic Documentation and Elmonthly $1 lO1year Mathematical Linguistics Journal of Engineering Physics Selected malor articles from Inzhenerno-Ffz!chesktt Zhurnal Nauchno Tekhnrcheskaya lnforrnats~ya Monthly. $150/year Quarterly $1451 year Soviet Progress in Chemistry Soviet Radiophysics Irvesl,ya VUZ Rad,ofmka Ukrainski, Khim cheskli Zhurnai Bmonthly. $lZS/year Monthly $15Ofyear Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Soviet Radio Engineering Vestn~kMoskovskogo Un~vers~telaKhrmrya lzvest~yaVUZ Radrotekhntka Bmonthly $110 00'year E,rnonthly. $115/year Differential Equations Soviet Genetics Oifferents~ainye Uravnen!ya Genetlka Monthly $150 year Monthly, $l50/year

Please add $5.00 for subscr~pttonsoutsjde U S and Canada Order your subscriptions to these essential Soviet journals from:

THE FARADAY PRESS, INC. 84 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK N.Y 10011 A NEW JOURNAL British Journal of Medical Education The Jounzal of the Association for the Study of Medical Education

The aim of the British Jourtral of Mediccrl Education will be to act as a medium for in- terchange of information on medical education-Undergraduate, Postgraduate, and Continuing-in the and Overseas. It hopes to encourage the objective study of medical education both in the United Kingdom and throughout the world. The journal will give preference to the reporting of fact rather than opinion. The first issue will be published in December, 1966, and quarterly thereafter. Arlnual Subscription, Inland £3 3s.; Abroad £3 10s. (U.S.A. $10.00) The first issue of this journal zuas published in Zlecember 1966

ORDER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION NOW

All subscriptions to the United States can he ordered from the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 80 Brighton Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02134. Subscriptions for all other countries should be ordered from the Subscription Manager, BRITISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I., England, or through any leading suhscriptior~agent or bookseller.

A NEW JOURNAL Cardiovascular Research

Cardiovascular Research is mainly for the publication of basic research. The range of subjects covered by the journal includes physiological, pathological, pharmacologi- cal, biochemical, biophysical, haemodynan~ic,surgical, and similar advances in the study of the heart and circulation. The first issue will be published in January, 1967, and quarterly thereafter. Arlnual Subscription, Inland £3 3s.;Abroad £3 10s. (U.S.A. $10.00) The first issue of this jot~rnalwill be published this month

ORDER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION NOW

All subscriptions to the United States can be ordered from the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 80 Brighton Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02134. Subscriptions for all other countries should be ordered from the Subscription Manager, Cnrriiovascular Research. B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square. London. W.C.I.. England, or. fhrorrgh nrry Ienttirrg \~rb.rcriptiorrtrtrrrt or. bookseller.. Cmecia1 libraries

JANUARY 1967 VOI.IIME58, NUMBER1

Dear John : Come and Expect Redundancy! Erik Brotnberg Quick Look at Courses on Special Libraries Erik Bromberg SLA Chapters and Continuing Education Margaret N. Sloane Continuing Education: Formal and Informal Richard A. Davis Administration Training in Graduate Schools Russell Shank What We Should Teach Special Alan M. Rees Special Libraries Instruction: The Separate Course Martha Jane K. Zachert Documentation and Information Science in the Core Library School Curritulim Raynard C. Swank The Interfaces Between Librarianship and Information Science and Engineering Robert S. Taylor

Special Libraries Association To the Beginners Belong the NLW Spoils 49 Sylvia Allhritton Convention Call 50 James Humphry 111 SLA Staff Appointments 52 Rio Grande's H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award Entry 1966 52

Features LTP Reports to SLA 48 Gladys T. Piez This Works for Us: Photocopying for Routing Slips 54 Ruth S. Smith Have You Heard 55 Letter to the Editor 56 Off the Press 57

Editor: GUYR. BELL Assistant Editor: EDYTHEC. PORPA Special Libraries Committee Chairman: HOWARDB. BENTLEY, Time Inc. IRVING M. KLEMPNER,United Nuclear ELLISMOUNT, Columbia University

Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the @olicy of the editorial sta8 or the publisher. Mantucripts submrtted for ublication must be typed double space on only one szde of paper and marled to the edrtor. 0 Retmnts may Be ordered rmmedtately before or aft^ publication. 0 Subscriptions: U. S. $12.50; foreign, $14; single copies, $2. 0 Annual author-title-subject index published with December issue. @ 1967 by Special Libraries Association.

INDEXED in Business Periodicals Index, Documentation Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, Hospital Literature In- dex, Library Literature, Library Scienrp Abstracts, Management Index and Public Afairs Information Service. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Assocl~rlo~ President DR. F. E. MCKENNA Information Center, Central Research Laboratories Air Reduction Company, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey 0797 1 President-Elect MRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER Art Reference Library, Metropolitan of Art Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street, New York 10028 Advisory Council Chairman MRS. HELENF. REDMAN LOS AIamos Scientific Laboratory P. 0. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 Advisory Council Chairman-Elect CHARLESH. STEVENS Project Intrex, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 02139 Treasurer JEANE. FLEGAL Business Library, Union Carbide Corporation 270 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017 Past-President ALLEENTHOMPSON Atomic Power Equipment Department General Electric Company 175 Curtner Avenue, San Jose, California 95125 Directors MRS.THEODORA A. ANDREWS Pharmacy Library, Purdue University Secretary Lafayette, Indiana 47907 WILLIAMK. BEATTY Northwestern University 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois GO61 1 CHARLOTTEGEORGI Graduate School of Business Administration Library University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 PHOEBEF. HAYES Bibliographical Center for Research Denver , Denver, Colorado 80203 RUTH NIELANDER Kemper Insurance 4750 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60640 GORDONE. RANDALL Thomas J. Watson Research Center Library, IBM Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 Executive Director BILLM. WOODS Special Libraries Association 31 East 10th Street, New York, New York 10003 Membership Dues: Sustaining: $100; Active: $20; Active Paid for Life: $250; Associate: $20; Affiliate: $15; Student: $2; Emeritus: $5. For qualifications, privileges, and further in- formation, write Special Libraries Association. SLA Translations Center John Crerar Library, 35 West 33rd Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616 Annual Convention The 58th Annual Convention will be held at the Hotel Commodore, New York City, May 28-June 1, 1967. 4 SPECIAL LIBRARIES relies onThe NewYork Times Index

"I have used The New York Times Index in every book I've written and also in my articles. I find it particularly useful in the first stages of a book when I'm trying to get a broad understanding of the area I'm writing about. I always find what I want in a minimum of time."

I I

Students and businessmen, as well as authors and historians, find The New YorkTimes Index indispensable for researching an entire field or checking a single fact. A magazine-size edition, your key to most recent events, is published twice each month. A cumulative annual volume "gives facts on events of the entire vear. Works without back issues of TheTimes.Cost of 24 semi-monthly issues or the annual volume is $75. Ordered together, the full service is $125. To order, or for moreinformation, write: The New York Times, Library Services Depart- ment, Times Square, New York, N.Y. 10036. what you want. On the next three pages you'll find the services that have earned us the reputation of being the most complete library service organization in the world.

EDUCATION DIVISION You're probably more familiar with our former name, University Microfilms, Inc. It's been changed to Xerox Library Services to let; everybody know we're part of the growing Xerox Education Division. CURRENT PERIODICALS ON MICROFILM copy or a book-size xerographic copy of almost any book ever printed anywhere in More and more libraries are converting the world. to microfilmed periodicals because of the At present we have over 20,000 titles on enormous savings in space. And Xerox has file. English language and foreign lan- over 2000 modern periodicals available. guage books cost just a few pennies a page. If you are thinking of beginning a micro- If you want a book that's not in our file we film collection, but you don't know where will get it for you at no increase in price. to begin, begin with our Basic Collection. The cost of searching, filming, reproduc- This is a group of 34 carefully selected tion and royalty payments are all paid for periodicals such as Scientific American, by Xerox. Even if we have to go halfway Atlantic, Time, Life, etc. This collection around the world. includes the Xerox Microfilm Reader. If your needs are more extensive, we also offer a larger collection of 98 modern UNDERGRADUATE SHELFLIST periodicals. Xerox has simplified the job of selecting books for new or expanding college librar- BACKFILE PERIODICALS ON MICROFILM ies by publishing the catalog cards of the Xerox has over 1300 titles of backfile 57,000 titles in the University of Michigan periodicals available on microfilm. You can undergraduate library. This list is avail- get modern professional, scientific, trade able on microfilm, catalog cards or in periodicals as well as early English and bound volumes. American literary periodicals, foreign Many of the titles are out of print. Xero- newspapers and magazines, government graphic copies of these books can be ob- publications and U.S. newspapers. tained through us. The shelflist includes 260 periodicals. Backfiles of these periodi- DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS cals can also be obtained from Xerox on Every month, Xerox publishes Disserta- microfilm. tion Abstracts. This publication contains abstracts of the dissertations written at AMERICAN PERIODICALS OF THE virtually every college and university in 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES the U.S. and Canada (over 190 in all). Over Xerox has microfilmed every known 1000 new abstracts are published each American periodical between 1741 and month. 1800. Ninety-one titles in all. Approxi- Dissertation Abstracts is printed in two mately 75,000 pages. This collection is sold sections. Section A covers the humanities as a unit on microfilm. and social sciences. Section B covers the Periodicals between 1800 and 1850 are physical sciences and technology. available on a subscription basis. Each The annual subscription for either sec- year we microfilm and will release 100,000 tion is $45 a year. Or, $75 a year for both new pages. sections. Complete dissertations may be You can also order book-size xerographic ordered either on 35mm positive microfilm reproductions of any periodical in our col- or you can order book-size xerographic lection. copies. Xerox also publishes a series of catalogs titled "Dissertations of the Sixties." These AMERICAN PROSE FICTION 1774-1875 catalogs give a brief description of the dis- Xerox has microfilmed almost every title sertations that are most in demand. They in Lyle H. Wright's definitive bibliogra- are available free of charge in these fields : phies, American fiction 1774-1850 and Psychology, School Administration, Busi- 1851-1875. These collections include over ness Education and Training, Music Edu- 5600 separate titles, virtually all the prose cation and Learning Theory. At present fiction produced in America between 1774 we are preparing catalogs on many other and 1875. fields. This collection can be ordered on an an- nual subscription basis, by individual year, OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS or by the reel. Each reel contains several Xerox can supply you with a microfilm titles. EARLY AMERICAN BOOKS 1493-1875 Museum. Many of these volumes have This collection contains over 6000 titles never been available to libraries before. and is broken down into two series. The You can now have them in your library. first series consists of 253 titles. They range from the Columbus Letter of 1493 THE NEW YORK TIMES ON MICROFILM to books printed in 1800. The second series includes titles published from 1801 to 1875. Xerox has microfilmed every page of The Both series are available on microfilm or New York Times back to 1939. Every new in book-size xerographic reproductions. issue that is published is also added to the collection. If you are interested in subscribing to ENGLISH LITERARY PERIODICALS OF THE The New York Times on microfilm, or if 17TH, 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES you want back issues on microfilm, write Essay journals, magazines and reviews directly to, Library Services Department, are included in this microfilm series. This The New York Times, New York, N. Y collection presents the works of some of 10036. England's most notable writers. Microfilm can be purchased under three options : an- THE LEGACY LIBRARY nual subscription, individual series years, and individual titles. Book-size xerogra- Xerox has reproduced a collection of phic reproductions are also available. children's classics in their original ver- sions. This collection is designed to re- store the great writing, illustrations and EARLY ENGLISH BOOKS 1475-1700 flavor of these books. Not a word has been These books are grouped into two collec- changed from the original. Not a picture tions. The first is based on Pollard & Red- has been redrawn. grave's handlist. Included are over 26,500 The Legacy Library is available in sets titles from 1475 to 1640. of 10 books each. The second group is based on Wing's It's been a long, long time since children Short-Title catalog, 1640 to 1700. This bib- have had the opportunity to get anything liography contains a total of 90,000 titles. more from the classics than just fairy tales. Both of these collections are available either on microfilm or as book-size xero- RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BOOKS graphic copies. You can order the entire collection or it can be broken down into Xerox has over 2000 Russian language smaller units. books on microfilm. This collection comes primarily from the Lenin Library in Mos- cow. These books are either out-of-print THE MARCH OF AMERICA COLLECTION or very scarce in the United States. This collection of 100 volumes begins Xerox also has every copy of Novyi Mir with the Columbus Letter of 1493 and in- from 1925 to 1934 in facsimile reprodue- cludes the writings of men like Jacques tion. Cartier, Sir Alexander Mackenzie, Cap- Any of the Russian language material tain John Smith, John Charles FrBmont, can be ordered either on microfilm or as clear through Frederick Turner's 1893 es- book-size xerographic copies. say on the closing of the frontier. 400 years of American history, written SOURCE MATERIAL FOR by the men who made it. SPECIALIZED STUDIES Every volume is a line-fo~line,full-scale, clothbound reproduction of the best edi- Xerox has source materials available in tion. Including illustrations and an intro- hundreds of special files. Chinese peri- duction on the significance of the book. odicals, rhetoric and elocution materials, The March of America Collection was slides on the history of painting, history assembled from such sources as the Brit- of the theatre, government documents, ish Museum, the , the Human Relations Area Files, plus many William L. Clements Library and the products and services for special libraries Henry L. Huntington Library and Art including business and industrial. THE XEROX $100 MICROFILM READER 'I Send for our free brochures. This reader not only matches the fea- tures of equipment costing $400 or $500, I They describe our services it has a few new ones of its own. I in detail. It's small. I I It's light. I Check the brochures you want. It doesn't heat up. It can be used in a lighted area. Current Periodicals on Microfilm It's easy to use. I Backfile Periodicals on Microfilm It gives a clear image. I Basic and Comprehensive Periodical It's versatile-it accepts 35 and 16mm I Collections roll film. There's even an optional micro- Doctoral Dissertations fiche attachment. I Out-of-Print Book Catalog These are our basic services. They are I Out-of-Print Books in Fine Arts and available to everybody, from the heads of I Architecture major libraries to school children. Please Out-of-Print Books in Science and feel free to contact us for anything. Even I a single out-of-print book. Just tell us I Technology what you want. I Undergraduate Library Shelflist I Early American Periodicals 1 [7 Early American Books I American Prose Fiction I English Literary Periodicals I [7 Early English Books The March of America Collection I The Legacy Library I Russian Language Books. 1 [71 Novyi Mir I I Xerox Microfilm Reader I 0 Services for Public Libraries I a Services for Secondary School I Libraries I Services for College and University I Libraries I [7 Services for Special Libraries I Source Materials in the Field of I Theatre I I I Send to: Library Services I Xerox Education Division I 300 North Zeeb Road I Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I I I NAME -- - I

I ( CITY COUNTY I I I STATE- A ZIP- Now compiled for the first time in one edition .. 179 of the most important documents in America history: the State of the Union Messages fror Washington (1789) to Johnson (1966).

Here in one three-volume set are the full texts of all the State of the Union Messages delivered by American Presidents to the Congress. Containing more than 3,000 pages, an introduction by Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and a complete index, THE STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGES OF THE PRESIDENTS is a major new referenc for all collections.

Library Journal, in its September 1, 1966 review, says: "Without any equivocation, thi! definitive set is certainly an essential purchase for all libraries large or small. It is indispen- sable in the study of American political history and will be the standard authority for yean to come." The review notes that, "For the scholarly these annual reports to Congress provide a sweeping year-by-year chronicle of our progressive development from 13 states into a mighty republic . . . Now, for the first time . . . we have a complete collection . . . which, through the perspec- tive of our Presidents, gives the major events and trends of our dramatic heritage. Of particular value in a work of this magnitude is the exhaustive 79-page (double columned) conceptual and analytical index. . . ." THE STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGES OF THE PRESIDENTS was prepared under the editorship of Fred L. Israel, Professor of American History, City College of New York.

Published by Chelsea House-Robert Hector, Publishers, in association with the R.R. Bowker Company. $45 net pp. per set.

Order your copies today for immediate shipment, on two-week approval, from: R.R. COMPANY, York, b ,BOWKER 1180 Avenue of the Americas, New N.Y. 10036 1966 WESCON Technical Papers i Los Angeles, August 23-26, 1966 WESTERN PER10 DICALS CO. Exclusive Distributor

Volume 10--Complete Set-6 parts-91 Papers Plus Permuted Index-$56.00

Part 1 Antennas, Microwaves Communication...... $7.50 Sessions 7, 12, 19-14 papers Part 2 Integrated Circuits...... $7.50 Sessions 5, 10, 20-16 papers Part 3 Electron Devices and Packaging...... $7.50 Sessions 3, 8, 18-14 papers Part 4 Computers and Data Processing...... $5.50 Sessions 1, 21-10 papers Part 5 Systems, Space Electronics...... $7.50 Sessions 4, 9, 24-14 papers

Part 6 Instrumentation, Electronic Systems, Components...... $11.50 Sessions 11, 14, 16, 22, 23-23 papers Permuted Index to WESCON Papers...... $17.50 Volumes 1-10 1957 thru 1966 (Microfiche offer on one-to-one basis for each complete set purchased...... $20.00)

Also Available Now: PERMUTED INDEX TO IRE (IEEE) TRANSACTIONS ON MILITARY ELECTRONICS 1957-1964 PERMUTED INDEX TO WINTER MILITARY ELECTRONIC CONFERENCES 1962-1964 PERMUTED INDEX TO NATIONAL MILITARY ELECTRONIC CONFERENCES 1957- 1964 All In One Volunle $16.00

Plus: PERMUTED INDEX TO CONFERENCES ON MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND MAG- NETISM ...... $16.95 Volumes 1-9 1955 thru I963 PERMUTED INDEX TO NATIONAL ELECTRONICS CONFERENCES...... $29.50 Volumes 1-00 1945 thru 1964

WESTERN PERIODICALS CO. 13000 Raymer Street North Hollywood, California 875-0555 - The Library An Introduction for Library Assistants WILLIAMC. PETRU,Editor with the a~~istanceof Mrs. Martha West

A Project of San Francisco Bay Region Chapter 1967 soft cover 88 pages $4.00

The experience and knowledge gained from the San Francisco Bay Region Chapter's 1962 and 1964 Workshops for Library Assistants are shared in an understandable, informative, and attractive format. Emphasis is on what library operations are and why they exist. The material is or- ganized to aid the library assistant in his understanding of what and why: Chapter 1 Libraries: History, Types, Organization, Personnel, and Materials; Chapter 2 The Acquisition of Library Materials; Chapter 3 The Organization of Library Materials.

Appendices include a Glossary of terms used in the text, Selected References, and 2 general Index.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION, 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 10003

A NEW HAFNER BOOK NOW READY THE ADVANCED THEORY OF STATISTICS bv AI. G. KENDXIL AND X. STUART

Volume 3: DESIGN AND AKALYSIS, AND TIME SERIES. 560 pages, 24 illustrations 1966 $21.75 :lLSSO A\'AILABLE Volume 1: DISTKIBI~'TI0N THEORY. 2nd ctl. 433 pages, 1963 $13.50 Volume 2: INFERENCE AND RELATIONSHIP. 676 pages, 1961 32 1.00

Without question this is the most c~I~I/)w~?~JI.\~~YIIJ~~n1itl10vitnti7~ work or2 ntlr~nncerf statisiirul tl?c,o~;y.Tl~r set is no711 ro11?/11rl(~. Orde: Ironr \,o1t1 Irr(n1 tiookcrllv~,o* Announcing a new lnterscience journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

Honorary Editorial Board W. Heitler, University of Ziirich, Switzerland. Robert S. Mulliken, University of Chicago and Florida State University. John C. Slater, University of Florida and Massachusetts lnstitute of Technology. Editorial Board Per-Olov Lowdin, University of Uppsala, , and University of Florida (Editor-in-Chief). lean-Louis Calais, University of Uppsala, Sweden (Assistant Editor). Yngve Ohrn, University of Florida (Assistant Editor). Raymond Daudel, Centre de Mecanique Ondulatoire Appliquee, France. Joseph 0. Hirschfelder, University of Wisconsin. Laurens Jansen, Battelle Memorial Institute, Division Internationale, Switzerland. Masao Kotani, University of Tokyo, . Roy McWeeny, The University of Keele, England. Rueben Pauncz, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. Clemens Roothaan, University of Chicago. Harrison Shull, Indiana University. Charles Coulson, Oxford University.

This new journal will be devoted to original papers in quantum me- chanics and its applications to the theory of atoms, molecules, and crystals. Particular attention will be given to the following fields: Funda- mental concepts and mathematical structure of quantum chemistry; Applications to atoms; Applications to molecules; Applications to crystals; Applications to molecular biology; Computational methods of quantum chemistry. Beginning in January 1967, this journal will be issued bi-monthly. 1967 subscription rate: $70.00.

INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS A Division of JOHN WlLEY & SONS, Inc. 605 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016 The Modern Sales Manager's Secret Weapon By Frank A. Armstrong

131s UNIQUE book will prove an indispensable fool to every bus- iness executive who deals with salesmen at any level. It shows in i~ractical,tested ways how to cut This is the symbol of quality expense and build sales by increas- in library bindings. A distinc- ing cfficiericy in communicating tive servicemark. At Heck- with salesmcrl, tlistril~utors,dealers, man, we engage in constant and tlx ultimate customer. Clear research and development to and ;~uthoritative, and carefully find new ways to increase orgnni-retl to make both under- efficiency and quality - and standing and application fast and to cut costs. For example, cxy, it rovers every aspect from we are now using electronic s;tles tr;~ininKand the salesman's data systems equipment to daily routine to problems arising process orders, at a big in pro~notingnew products and savings in your library sprci;tl cvcnts. binding program. For all your The author, esccutivc Vice- binding requirements, write I'resiclent oC hIcCann-Erickson, Or phone THE HECKMAN Ir~c.,is an authority in the field of BINDERY, INC., NORTH cornmuni~:~tions.He has drawn his MANCHESTER, INDIANA ideas and nlethotls from a wide PHONE AREA 219 982-2107 cross-section of U.S. industries, in- cluding autonlotive, food, cosmct- ics ant1 textile. Price $5.95

An Interpublic Press Book Published by Simon and Schuster 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10020 Cullman Times, Florence Times, Gads- den Times, Huntsville Times, Selma Times-Journal, Northwest Arkansas Times, Harrison Times, West Memphis Times, Escondido Times-Advocate, Humboldt Times, Los Angeles Times, Visalia Times-Delta, Danbury News- Times,Hartford Times,TrumbuII Times, St. Petersburg Times, Tampa Times, KEEP UP Gainesville Times,Thomasville Times- Enterprise, Valdosta Times, McLeans- boro Times-Leader, Ottawa Republi- can- Times, Streator Times-Press, Hammond Times, Kokomo Times, WITH THE New Castle Courier-Times, Carroll Times Herald, Davenport Times-Dem- ocrat, Marshalltown Times-Republi- can, Leavenworth Times, Louisville Times, New Orleans Times-Picayune, Shreveport Times, Curnberland Times, Bay City Times, Port Huron Times Herald, St. Cloud Times, Greenville Delta Democrat Times, York News- Times,Bayonne Times,Trenton Times, Vineland Times-Journal, Burlington County Times, Albany Times-Union, ,. .we have 83 of them Geneva Times, Glens Falls Times, Olean Times-Herald, Oswego Pallad- ium-Times, Rochester Times-Union, on microfilm! Troy Times Record, Watertown Times, Asheville Times, Ashland Times Ga- (among the 900 dailies from Seattle to St. zette, Cincinnati Post & Times-Star, Kenton Times, Marietta Times, Martins Petersburg-and from Bangor to San Antonio Ferry Times-Leader, New Philadelphia -all microfilmed by us on a continuing basis) Times, Niles Times, Van Wert Times- Bulletin, Zanesville Times Recorder, Oklahoma Times, Leavittown Times, Delaware County Times, Gettysburg Why do so many newspapers choose Times, Kittanning Leader- Times, Micro Photo to preserve their news- Scranton Times, Beaver County Times, Orangeburg Times & Democrat, Chat- papers on microfilm? tanooga Times, Kingsport Times, Houston Times, Newport News Times- We like to think it's because we've Herald, Pulaski Southwest Times, proven in 20 years of service microfilm- Richmond Times-Dispatch, Roanoke Times, Seattle Times, Fairmont, West ing that quality is important . . . and Virginia Times, Weirton Times, Mani- archival quality microfilm is the only towoc Herald- Times, Monroe Times, Racine Journal-Times, Watertown kind we supply to our newspaper and Times library customers.

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UR FRIEND John Berry of Libvary Joarnul has remarked that I had forewarned him of 0 the redundancy to come in the papers and discussion at the Second Forum on Educa- tion for Special Librarianship at Minneapolis on June 3. Indeed I did. And I advised him further that the concept of redundancy is entirely subjective. While he personally had heard before much of what was to transpire, most of our audience had not. Further, this was a new group of participants, i.e., working special librarians and library school staffs. This Forum, then, was only an extension of the express intention of the Special Libraries Association to enter into discussion with the library schools. The Minneapolis discussion, which was quite freewheeling, presented the views of all sides on the panel topics: Continuing Education for Special Librarians and the Course Content of the Special Library Course. Unfortunately we cannot pass on to you the floor discussion but we are presenting the panel papers in the pages to follow. It should be readily apparent that no library school can speak for all library schools in expressing its philosophy. Similarly, no single special can express the objectives of all special librarians. In my view, the special librarian in a competitive, commercial, or industrial enterprise is distinct from other librarians only in his response to the demand that he deliver services differing in range and depth from the professional in the usual college or public library. But this is my view. Should the director of X library school ex- press his opposition to orienting all library school students in basic computer technology and applications, that is his opinion. The point, of course, is that all differing opinions should and must be voiced and debated among special librarians and library schools. What better place than in an open meeting at our Convention. It is interesting to note that there is some kind of precedent for our efforts. "On June 18, 1944, the Training and Professional Activities Committee of SLA, under the chair- manship of Ruth S. Leonard, sponsored a meeting of library school administrators and teachers during the SLA Conference to discuss problems concerned with courses in prep- aration for special library positions. Seventeen were present, with the following library schools represented: Drexel, Columbia, New Jersey College for Women, Western Re- serve University, University of North Carolina, University of Southern California, and Simmons." (SLA .) In Minneapolis we had an audience of some 150 with per- haps two-thirds of the library schools and all but one or two of the SLA Chapters repre- sented. On Sunday, May 28, 1967, the Education Committee will present the Third Forum at the New York Convention. We intend to discuss the library technician problem and to present several views on foundations for education and librarianship and information sciences. It should be interesting, so come on back, John! ERIK BROMBERG,Chairman SLA Education Committee There exists little available data and less agreement among library schools on the course content of a course entitled Special Libraries. With some varia- tions, in general the schools emphasize definitions, history of special libraries, and where they can be found. Most courses include library planning and physical features and an introduction to "special materials" and "special methods." One common denominator is wide use of guest lecturers and field trips to special libraries. Quick Look at Courses on Special Libraries ERIK BROMBERG

AST YEAR 1 sent appeals to all ALA ac- what should be taught was accompanied by L credited and other library schools whose disagreement as to where the emphasis catalog indicated a course in Special Librar- should be placed, how to present the mate- ies asking them to permit me to examine rial, and whether or not to consider the their syllabi or course outlines." All schools course a kind of miniature full library school save one Western one responded with course curriculum-a one-shot affair where one re- outlines ranging from twenty words to mul- ceived everything necessary about readers' tipage syllabi. Two schools reported they services, cataloging, serials, acquisitions, ad- merely followed two texts each, naming four ministration, book selection, and so on. One totally different texts. school entitled its course Special Libraries But my difficulties really set in when I and taught only Technical Libraries. An- began to examine the material in detail. No other school solved this problem ingmiously. significant conclusions could be drawn, not It in effect broke the course into two alter- only because of the great areas of differences, nates-the student may either take Special but because many course outlines revealed Libraries (non-technical) to cover interests little. One instructor commented wisely in in the area of the arts and humanities or take an accompanying letter, "No course outline Special Libraries : Medical and Technical. has meaning without the interpretation by The courses are identical in outline but ap- the instructor." Several instructors indicated proached differently. that the course was significantly altered to fit the students or events in the local situation. What Is Emphasized Said one, going even further, "No one out- Let us sift through the maze to try to find line from a given school shows the evalua- out just what most library schools want to tion through which it has grown or the po- emphasize. tential toward which it is moving. Therefore, First, definitions. Most courses try to dis- the total picture appears static whereas, I am tinguish a special library from other types of morally certain, it is actually a situation in libraries. Some did this in a few brief sen- constant flux. My own course changes (im- tences, others at length, others went on to proves, I hope) each time I give it." consider comparisons of the special librarian Naturally, divergence in opinion as to with the documentalist and information sci- entist. Some library schools took the oppor- * It is recognized that studying outlines in vacuo, tunity at this point to portray the special that is, divorced from the entire curricula of which nature of the personality of the special li- they are a part, has definite dangers. Further, the philosophic tenor of a course is not indicated by a brarian; others waited until much later to syllabus. The theme of my course. for instance, is develop this theme. that, while in practice public and college librarian- Again, most courses developed the history ship (like education in general) is a very valuable of special libraries. This again was treated in manifestation of welfare statism, industrial librar- ianship in a competitive world is exemplary of cursory fashion by some, while one school capitalism and has to be practiced in that manner. presented a scholarly, well-researched and 2 2 documented analysis which dwelt at length services to the user, covering such points as on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century begin- abstracting, translating, periodical routing, nings. In connection with this subject nearly literature searches, accession lists, and the all courses presented a history of SLA. like. This point generally occupied a respect- Many courses devoted considerable time to able position in a majority of course outlines. a discussion of just where special libraries Three other topics were frequently listed. may be found. In fact, one school diverged One was library personnel-and the discus- completely from all other schools and after sion apparently was very similar to that in the introductory lecture devoted the entire a standard administration course. A second course to this theme. It went into business was budget and the third was public relations. libraries, foundation libraries, medical school From personal discussions, I have learned libraries, and so forth. Presumably some dis- that most instructors seem to be aware of cussion of methodology were included. the crucial importance of this latter point and The topic of library planning and physical invariably bring it to the attention of their features was fairly common in the course classes. outlines. There was considerable variance in emphasis here. Some courses made as a most Four Unusual Lectures significant part of their work the problem of There were four unusual lectures worthy establishing the new special library. Several of mention in this brief account. One school employed the case method in this connection, opened its course with a full lecture on the with many term reports based on it. status today of research and its prospects in "Special materials" was gmerally pre- the future: sented somewhere in the course. By this I 1. Research today, its growth and support, mean that some treatment was given to including implications for libraries. patents, standards, trade catalogs, clippings, 2. Federal government and its support and filmstrips, engineering drawings, report lit- concern with research and development. erature, and the like. The treatment usually 3. Industry and its relation to the large re- entailed a description of the material and search universities. discussion of its value, methods of acquisi- 4. Large amount of research and develop- tion, and methods of handling. This latter ment locally. point, which might be entitled special 5. Statistical view of the increase in the methods, was frequently a significant part of production of scientific and technical infor- the course. Again, what was covered here mation in all forms. varied considerably, but generally the un- conventional methods of processing material The Weinberg report is required reading. for later retrieval was discussed. Considera- A second area, not too frequently treated, tion of machine methods varied greatly from is stated by one school as follows: "Rela- ~irtuallyno mention to heavy emphasis. tionships with other libraries and the obliga- Finally some discussion was devoted to tions to contribute to the profession and to the total information problem. Elements in !Mr. Bromberg, Chairman librarians' status. Ethics and standards." of the SLA Education A third school devoted a substantial part of Committee, was Librarian the course to a discussion of the economic of the US. Department future of special librarianship, including cur- of the Interior Bonneville rent employment, growth potentials, student Power Administration, enrollment, industry prospects-now and in Portland, Oregon. On the future-and the role of automation. Tmzlary I, he assumed A fourth library school treated in depth the post of Librarj;?n of '~~~.usDzCentral the unusual topic of nonprofessional person- Library in Washington, D. C. His paper was nel of special libraries. prepared for distribution at the Second The common denominator for all the Forum on Education for Special Librarian- courses may be that all schools employed ship, SLA Convention, Minneapolis, Minne- either guest lecturers or visits to existing sota, Jane 3, 1966. special libraries, or both.

JANUARY 1967 The primary responsibility for continuing education should be with the Chapters. This can be accomplished through workshops and seminars co- sponsored, if desirable, with the local library schools in the area. The Chap- ters are more flexible and are not constrained by funding and allocations as are government agencies, academic institutions, SLA Headquarters, and others. The practical workshop concerned with current problems is extremely beneficial.

SLA Chapters and Continuing Education MARGARET N. SLOANE

ECENTLY a cartoon appeared in a local are helping, but the number of schools R Los Angeles newspaper. It showed a Boy which aren't is all too great. Too many Scout troop on a field trip. The scout master recent graduates straight from library school was instructing the troop in the techniques of must begin their tont ti nu in^ ed&ttion" survival in the woods: fire making, rope ty- immediately they are employed if they are ing, and the like. One of the Scouts was to perform even some of the basic tasks con- asking: "In this age of automation, elec- nected with special librarianship, graduates tronics, and space-age stuff, what are we who "took a course in special libraries" orien- doing rubbing sticks together and learning ted toward what they thought was a technical about knots ?" library associated with theaerospace industry The cartoon points up one of the reasons and who don't even know what a classified why special librarians need continuing edu- document is, who have never heard of cation. Not only do they need to know how NASA. DoD. or AEC. These are elements to to rub sticks together to make a fire and which they should at least have been exposed how to tie a good, secure knot in case they in the course they took in special libraries. get lost in the forest of library techniques Every library school should today include and must rely on basic things learned in the a required course that at least introduces the past, but they must also keep continually student to the world of microminiaturization abreast of new developments-of automa- and automated indexing and retrieval tion and electronics and all that space-age systems. This world of automation isn't stuff. coming; it is here already and greatly af- The question, though, poses itself: Why fects special libraries. Sooner or later it will can't the library schools help librarians keep affect even the smallest as well. abreast of the space-age stuff, the new de- velopments in all fields of special librarian- 'Satiable Curiosity ship? In some instances the library schools It is surprising to encounter the intensity with which some leading librarians resist new developments and techniques such as micro- fiche and automation, not with an inquiring resistance, but with the kind of resistance that is dangerous because it stems from an inflexibility of mind which can be cured only by a lifelong case of " 'satiable curiosity," as in Rudyard Kipling's story "The Elephant's Child." The Elephant's Child suffered from 'satiable curiosity, and that means he asked ever so many questions. This most desirable diction of 'satiable Robert Hayes of UCLA, people who know curiosity is perhaps why some SLA Chapters the practical problems librarians face, not are doing something about continuing educa- someone who delivers a speech which is tion for special librarianship to make them- nothing but a rehash of articles in print. selves more valuable to their profession. But what is continuing education for spe- The Down-to-Earth cial librarianship? Note that this is not "con- These workshops must deal with down-to- tinuing professiond education." There is a earth problems that face librarians now: new difference. Samuel Rothstein discusses con- techniques being developed which can be of tinuing professional education in his article, help, with the hope that if the problems "Nobody's Baby," that appeared in Library aren't solved, if the new techniques cannot Journal for March 15, 1965. He says that be immediately applied, at least guide lines someone must adopt "this continuing pro- will be forthcoming from the meetings. fessional education baby7' and his candidate The sharing of experiences, the how-did- is the American Library Association or, you-handle-this-problem sort of workshop, within Canada, the Canadian Library Asso- should be informal, but it is known that in- ciation. I am not talking about this concept, formal meetings, if they are to be successful, nor am 1 talking about the concept expressed take more planning and guidance than any recently at one of the Southern California other kind. Chapter meetings when the deans of the local There must be direction, there must be a library schools spoke on "continuing profes- purpose, in these meetings. And all this can sional education." The contribution of each better be effected on a working day-on of the deans was, as would be expected, company time, as it were-than in evening slanted toward what the universities can meetings. offer in the area of "continuing professional Special librarians must demonstrate to education for librarianship." Another speaker, their managements that part of the job is Henry Drennan (who is coordinator of Pub- "continuing education for special librarian- lic Library Services, U. S. Office of Educa- ship," demonstrate by improved techniques tion) did, however, stress the need to learn and growth that the time spent in this en- new skills and techniques to continue educa- deavor is as important as the time spent in tion in the profession. the routines of the job. It is, rather, Mr. Drennan's concept, and Regional workshops, instead of being con- not that expressed by the deans of the library fined to a small geographical area, are also schools, that I wish to pursue-the concept most beneficial. They have the advantage of of new skills and techniques and how to de- diversification, bringing together people from velop them. a larger geographical area than most Chap- I am a great believer in the practical work- ters encompass. shop-all day or longer, not a few hours at night when all participants are tired from the It Costs Money day's work, conducted by those persons who share an interest or problem, not by a guest Continuing education for special librarian- 'expert" in the field, who comes from a dis- ship costs money, whether it be small, in- tance, who has little practical knowledge of formal workshops for a few hours a day, or the immediate problems, who comes with a a series of courses such as those sponsored by preconceived "speech." I mean workshops the Medical Library Association in its con- conducted by the librarians and information tinuing education program. s~ecialistswho have new ideas and new tech- Yes, it costs money. A most disturbing no- niques to share with others. tice appeared in the California Library Asso- 1 do not mean that an expert in the field ciation Newsletter of August, 1965 : "Con- cannot help. Certainly the new technology of tinuing Education Program to Be Termi- automated storage and retrieval should not nated." The news story said in part: be learned by trial and error, and experts in As this CLA Newsletter went to press word the field must be contacted. If guest experts was received that the University Extension are needed they should be peopIe like Dr. program in Continuing Education for Librar- ianship will be terminated at the end of this How can special librarians do this? Con- month. A legislative cut in the appropriation tinuing education for special librarianship for University Extension resulted in the deci- may not be the complete answer, but it is sion to abolish deficit programs. The Con- certainly a good insurance policy. They can- tinuing Education in Librarianship has been operating at a deficit. The first programs were not wait for state or federal legislation to offered in the spring of 1964. During this allocate grants and funds. Nor may they lull short period of existence, more than 500 per- thenlselres into false security with the excuse sons have attended workshops and short that "it takes so much time to organize a courses. In June 1965 the CLA Board of program of continuing education-let's wait Directors voted to assist in arranging programs for SLA, for Headquarters, to set up a for- to be held throughout the state. "The Program mal program for us." has proved its merit," said Virginia Ross, CLA They cannot wait; they must not wait. President, "but has not had enough time to These are critical times. There is a tide in our become fully established on a self-sustaining basis." affairs now at full flood, and, as Brutus said, "We must take the current when it serves or Yes, it costs money, this continuing to lose our ventures." learn. But do the members of SLA have any Who, then, must take the initiative? The choice but to perpetuate it? It is more critical, Divisions of SLA? The Sections? No, for perhaps, here than in any other field of li- that, too, takes time. brarianship, because so many represent li- It leaves, then, only the Chapters-the braries which are part of , either Chapters whose factors of advantage are profit-making or non-profit. And the scope present and ready made: A concentration of of their information programs depends en- its members in a given geographical location, tirely on the vagaries of contracts which af- which results in comparative ease of com- fect the parent organization, budgets, funds munication. allocated, and the like; and if these special The Chapters must not rely on the impetus libraries wish to survive they must continu- to come from any local library schools in the ally grow. area. For they, like the national, state, and It might not be too serious for the aca- federal associations and legislative bodies demic library or the public library to rock must, by the very nature of their charters, along, ccntent with current techniques and move slowly and cautiously in any such un- skills of librarianship. Perhaps not too seri- dertakings which involve funding. ous if they do, but it should be serious with But the Chapter members have no such them also. But those in special libraries can- restraints. Local workshops can be organized not afford to be content, for if they are, it entirely on a voluntary host basis, with a will be their information programs which negligible outlay of Chapter funds. will be the first to feel the cutbacks the cor- So what is needed? A11 that is needed is poration must make. They must build them- an epidemic. An epidemic caused by a filter- selves so strongly into a corporate structure, able virus that attacks its victims with a case whether it be an academic, public, or indus- of acute, 'satiable curiosity: a virus which is trial structure, that they are the last, reluctant highly infectious. And the prcgnosis must cutback to be made, instead of the first, most be: incurable and continually growing in in- natural place for a cutback. tensity. Continuing education can be both formal and informal. In either case it can be haphazard or directed. Whether formal or informal, continuing education requires that the librarian have a goal in mind and a plan for achieving it. In arriving at the plan it is helpful to have an advisor. With a goal and a plan the librarian has to think about means. Those interested in continuing education for librarianship need to consider new and imaginative avenues, rather than depend on traditional, not always satisfactory techniques. Continuing Education: Formal and Informal RICHARD A. DAVIS

o SAY continuing education is almost a educational group so that he gets his money's Tredundancy since self-education continues worth. This formal education includes the to some extent until the day we die. What is courses that are taken in a school, symposia, really meant is the degree of continuing edu- conferences, and workshops in which there ation. It can be haphazard, lacking in direc- is active participation by the members of the tion and insight as to goals or objectives, or group. it can be directed toward specific aims which will better the individual as a professional, Goals and Plans as a person, and as a member of society. What is missing in both formal and in- First, let us define two types of continuing formal education, as far as the individual is education. Informal education is mostly self- concerned, is a goal, objective, aim, or pur- directed and involves such activities as read- pose for what he is doing. When he was in ing, attending lectures, meetings, conventions, school, especially library school, he had some and demonstrations, going on tours, and sort of goal in mind: to get a degree so that enjoying bull sessions with one's colleagues. he could earn money, to become a special li- All of these have the characteristic of involv- brarian, to prepare himself for doing cata- ing the individual in a relaxed way, some- loging work, to make a contribution to so- what as a spectator. He reads what he ciety, and any of a dozen others. In order to wishes, attends the meetings, lectures, dem- attain these goals he subjected himself to a onstrations, tours, and convention meetings, rigorous program. Advisors helped him map and participates in the bull sessions that in- out a plan of action to achieve these goals terest him, rejects the others, and does not with the most efficiency and within the time hesitate to depart from this system of acquir- prescribed by the curriculum of the library ing knowledge if there is another distraction. school. Formal education on the other hand re- But what about the person who has com- quires a more serious commitment. The par- pIeted his formal library education and has ticipant usually gives both his time and achieved the degree he cov- money and becomes an active member of the eted? Let us assume that he has achieved his other goals, the right job, in the right organ- Mr. Davir's article war ization, at a pleasing pay scale. What now originally pre~entedto the are his aims, goals, objectives, or purposes? Second Foram on Educa- Most librarians become centered on the work tion for Special Librarian- in which they are immediately involved and rhip at the 57th SLA on advancement in rank, increase in monetary Convention, Minneapolis, reward, and achievement of status among Minnesota, on Iune 2, fellow librarians. These are coupled with 1966. He is on the staff desires outside the professional area such as of the Graduate School of Library science, a nice place to live, a good car, a family: in Drexel Institute of Technology, Phikadelphia. other words, the good things in life. As the typical librarian becomes submerged can be obtained on the kinds of reading it in the routine of the iob and the toils of would be well to do and on persons with everyday living, he loses sight of the very common interests. goals that moved him through formal educa- tion in library school. In fact, he becomes Local Education Officers "goal-less" when it comes to continuing edu- All of the burden cannot be put upon the cation, having at best some vague and gen- library schools, because right now they are eralized notion of "keeping up with what is overwhelmed with too many students and going on." No longer does he have the too few teachers. Why can't the local library sharp goals developed in library school or groups develop, as education officers, indi- the advice of a counselor on what course may viduals who have insight and aptitude and a lead him to his goal. willingness to take the time to become ex- He participates in both informal and for- perts in continuing education. These persons mal educational activities with no long-range could serve as advisors to librarians in the objective in mind. He attends a workshop area, giving personal advice and keeping in- because of its immediate relation to his work, formed of educational opportunities that he takes a course at the local university in may exist. Such an education officer might order to improve his job position, he reads even establish conferences, workshops, and articles in the professional magazines in a courses to serve the needs of the area when haphazard manner to keep abreast of the nothing else is available. He could also serve latest develouments. But most of this is un- as a coordinator of programs to prevent du- directed and unplanned and fits into no over- plication of effort and wasteful expenditure all scheme. of time and money. However, at this point there is another To recapitulate, the first need of the in- problem. In the school situation where one dividual in continuing education is to de- had goals, one also had an advisor who velop the goals which he wishes to achieve. helped him toward these goals. It is true and the second is to lay out a plan by which that some people are their own best advisors, he may achieve these goals. Once this has but for most it helps to discuss plans with been done the individual has made a great another person, see various courses of action, step forward out of the morass of indecision explore alternatives, and bounce ideas back and hit-or-miss learning into a program that and forth. Where does the librarian go when will lead him to some well-defined objective. he is trying to lay out a program for con- The last point to discuss is the means of tinuing education? He can talk to his friends, continuing education. Previously mentioned he can talk to his superiors, and he can even were the most common of the formal and go to the local library school to seek advice, informal methods but let us review them but how many do this? Not many, because from a critical point of view as tools of edu- they do not have any objective in mind and cation. Since librarians are supposedly ori- so cannot seek advice. So this setting up of entated toward the book and the journal, it is goals is the first step surprising that there is so little educational The second step is laying out a plan of material available for library science. The action. and it is here that advice is needed. few textbooks that do exist are often inade- In a program of continuing education it is quate in quality, and so the person who seeks not necessarv to concentrate on formal educa- to educate himself in an area will be at a tion; informal educational methods are also disadvantage. The basic background that he valuable. The whole world of possibilities is should have found in a text is spread over a before the librarian. but he has limited time variety of books, articles, and reports. so must plan his program of education to Many of the articles in the library period- take advantage of all possible forms. In li- icals are trite, contain little new information. brary schools there are faculty advisors able or are reprints from other library publica- to help develop such a plan, and also catalogs tions. A few journals contain a preponderance of formal courses, announcements of con- of solid articles. The individual should con- ferences, workshops, symposia, and the like, centrate his reading on journals and articles that can be integrated into the plan. Advice that will best serve his needs. One educa- tional scheme used by some medical special- Unfortunately, although librarians have ists might be well adopted by small groups prided themselves on dealing with multiple of librarians with similar interests. Several means of communication, they do not take doctors, for example, who are thoracic sur- advantage of these media to get the benefit geons divide the major journals among of formal courses. Many courses lend them- themselves. Each doctor reads the pertinent selves to correspondence study, but the few articles from the two or three journals for offered are of the most basic nature. The which he is responsible and then at monthly problem seems to be that no credit is given meetings gives his colleagues a verbal sum- for a graduate correspondence course. In my mary of each of the articles. They are con- opinion this is not justified. It has been con- stantly alert to each other's specialized inter- clusively proved that students taking an un- ests and to the interests of the group as a dergraduate correspondence course have done whole. They cover a great deal of material better on its final examination than students with a minimum expenditure of time. taught in a classroom situation. The com- Lectures, meetings at which there is a plaint that there is a lack of personal contact speaker, and conventions all fall into the with the instructor fails to recognize the per- passive audience category. They have their sonal quality of correspondence-the corre- high points and their low points, and the spondence student often receives more atten- lows usually outweigh the highs. Speakers tion than if he were one of a group in a are often uninspired and uninspiring and class. their audiences feel cheated, robbed of time The whole area of closed-circuit TV as an if not money. It might be better to have instructional tool has been ignored in teach- fewer speakers and choose those who have a ing library science. If physicians and real contribution. Then devote the saved can successfully use this means of teaching, time to workshops or bull sessions, which then certainly librarians can. They could pro- seem to be a popular form of learning ex- vide the best instructors in the country and perience to most librarians. teach the same class simultaneously in several cities. This is not one-way teaching, because lnformal Information Exchange there is opportunity for the students to ques- It is said that people come to meetings and tion the instructor. In addition, tapes made conventions to meet their friends and dis- of these classes may be replayed at a future cuss problems with their colleagues, not be- time to serve as refreshers for the students or cause of the speakers. An informal exchange as a means of instructing new groups. of information can be encouraged and made Extension courses can be offered by library .I formal part of the program. The American schools just as extension courses are offered Documentation Institute has successfully in any other discipline. This is being done scheduled such sessions at their conventions. on a limited scale. One of the obstacles is a Then the person who has a planned educa- lack of competent teachers, and here we come tional program with a goal can seek out ex- back to the closed-circuit TV as a means of perts who will contribute to his development instructing far distant groups. and in an informal atmosphere discuss his problems. What better way is there to learn Too Many Conferences? than in this student-master relationship? Representing the Graduate School of Li- In the realm of formal education, there brary Science at Drexel, I am hardly on safe are courses offered at library schools, but ground when I say that there are too many let's not restrict our thinking to the library conferences and symposia, because we have school. Many worthwhile offerings in any more than our share. But I do think that college or university will enable the person there is a great deal of overlapping, duplica- with a plan to advance himself toward his tion, and complete dishonesty about many of goals. One of the difficulties of taking courses these affairs. Too many times it is the same is the day and hour at which they are offered. group of speakers, covering the same ground, Many graduate schools do not try to accom- in the same boring manner. There is a lack modate the part-time student and even dis- of uniformity, of content, of direction, and courage him. of preparation. Most librarians with whom I have talked (and this is not a statistically program of continuing education, the indi- proper sample) feel that they benefitted most vidual must have a goal or goals clearly de- from the conferences in which they actively fined, not only in his own mind but in a way participated or from workshops in which he can explain to others; 2) a plan of con- they actually worked on problems of con- tinuing education is necessary for an indi- cern to themselves. Inspiration and ideas can vidual to get advice on how efficiently and come through lectures or speeches, but for effectively to educate himself; the advice survival they must be nurtured and developed should be provided by local associations and as soon as possible. This causes the feeling by the library schools; 3) expansion of the of satisfaction at workshops. The individual facilities available for continuing education is gets the opportunity to practice what was needed both on an informal and a formal preached and reinforce what he heard. basis, so that the greatest opportunity is pro- Let us summarize with the following three vided for the most people with the least points: 1) in order to be successful in any amount of time, effort, manpower, and money.

Eleven accredited library schools do not offer separate courses in special library administration. Faculty opinion in most of these schools is that prin- ciples of administration are general, applicable to all libraries, and best im- parted in one general course in the basic year of library education. The diversity of special libraries would require too many duplicative administra- tion courses. Factors relating to special library problems can be introduced as part of basic, core courses in library education. Administration 'lhining in Graduate Library Schools

RUSSELL SHANK

F THE nation's thirty-six library schools ministration courses, based on faculty analy- 0 accredited by the American Library As- ses of curricular needs and positive decisions sociation in 1964, eleven did not offer a to achieve educational purposes without such course in special library administration. courses. Five of the schools' faculties indi- When queried as to the reasons for this lack, cated they had positively considered the topic they all responded. The following presenta- of special library administration, and had de- tion is based on their reports. cided against organizing courses specifically Four of the schools had quite practical and devoted to it. According to one faculty, as mundane reasons : either they lacked enough lectures on administration of different types students to sustain the development of spe- and sizes of libraries developed, they seemed cial courses, or they had no faculty members to come closer and closer to a rather com- qualified to teach this particular topic. Two mon core of knowledge or information on of the schools' directors indicated they were administration. Hence a general course was planning to offer such a course as soon as in order. Special libraries were too many in one could be organized with adequate train- kind, size, orientation, organizational orien- ing resources. The others did not commit tation, purpose, subject scope, and any other themselves. criteria conceivable, to allow the isolation of Thus, only seven of the schools gave peda- unique administrative principles relating to gogical reasons for not offering special ad- them. Too much of what several of these fac- ulties thought might be put into a special li- brought into relation with similar content re- braries' course was procedural, thus eclipsing quired in other forms of library work. In this the important aspects of administration which way, we shall avoid the excessive prolifera- tion of separate courses or separate forms of governed them. From this point, which was work and thus not be beguiled into pulverizing rather common among the schools in this the concept of a profession into a miscellany group, curricula planning called for the in- of educationally discrete activities.? troduction of the problems and practices of special libraries, among others, into various No one, either in the earlier proceedings courses on materials selection, acquisition, just cited, or anlong the respondents to the catalcging, service, and special coIIection de- current survey, denied the importance of spe- cial librarianship, whatever that is, or the re- Librarians and library school faculties have quirement that library school curricula give long labored the question of the utility of some attention to the major aspects of its courses in special library administration. The form, content, place in the profession, and Joint Comittee on Library Education of the attitudes of its proponents. The issues have Council on Associations, of been the determination of the content of the which the Chairman of the Education Com- basic academic training program for a pro- mittee of the Special Libraries Association fessor, the degree of specificity that should was a member, developed curricula for seven be built into the teaching of administration areas of special librarJ education in the early in the profession, and to some extent, the fifties. It was recognized that these seven educability of a heterogeneous student body were only the beginning: that other subject in administration. areas could be developed. But, as was shortly Organized, academic training programs for tiisclosed: librarianship have one year to convert a col- lege graduate into a professional librarian. Although they [the curricula] result from the The degree will attest to his abilities as a careful study and work of outstanding special librarians, in their preliminary form they pre- "master of librarianship" (except in those sent a situation of almost unlimited diversity few graduate library schools that offer a Mas- and would make it quite impossible to include ter of Arts degree for the fifth-year pro- special library education within the frame- gram). In that one year, the idea is to impart work of general library school programs. enough fundamental skills and knowledge, Special library education planned along these jargon and attitudes, theories and premises, lines would make the library school cur- to allow the graduate to operate at a reason- riculum extremely diverse, expensive, and im- able, but probably minimum, level of per- practi~al.~~ formance upon graduation. The library Courses on administration were included schools long ago gave up concentration on in most of the curricula, and a closer exam- training in procedural matters. The whole ination clearly indicated that most of the fun- fifth-year library education program is based damental administrative principles each cur- on the premise that at least the first year on riculum wanted to convey were common to them all. The variations they anticipated t White, Carl M. Discussion: Advanced Study and Research in Librarianship. In Berelson, Bernard, stemmed from the influences of local require- ed. Education for Librarianship. Chicago: Ameri- ments. The development of curricula- was can Library Association, 1949, p. 229. then guided by an earlier statement of prin- ciple in education for the profession which Dr. Shank is Associate suggested : Professor at the School of . . . instead of planning our specialist's educa- Library Service, Coletmbia tion in terms of the form of work he is to be University, New York paid for doing, we plan it in terms of the City. This article is content of understandings he will require, and adapted from his pres- then see whether that content cannot be entation at the Second Fo~z~rnon Edwation for " Leigh, Robert D., ed. Majov Problems in the Edu- cation of Librarians. New York: Columbia Uni- SpeciaJ Libvavian~hip, SLA convention, 1 ersity Press, 1954, p. 41. Minneapolis, Minnesota, on June 3, 1966. the job after graduation will be a part of the brarianship as possible, so that he will have new librarian's professional educational ex- the largest possible store of professional perience. ~m~loyersmust expect to be part- knowledge, skills, and techniques, and some ners in the training of new professional li- comprehension of the theories from which brarians, either through formal in-service current techniques stem, in order to know training or natural on-the-job experience. It what techniques are likely to work under is in that year that the new graduates can what circumstances, or to be inventive in situ- sharpen their talents for administration in ations where their memories of specific tech- specialized settings. niques, or the techniques themselves, fail. In the first academic year it is difficult to, Evidence suggests that library schools may rule out anv of the to~icalareas into which more usefully contribute to the education of the knowledge of the profession can be 'clas- librarians already committed to special en- sified when establishing the limits of the vironments through the provision of post- curricula of the master's degree programs. graduate institutes and workshops on special Because of the pressures of limited time. administrative problems, and through spon- courses in administration, cataloging, classi- sorship of research on special library prob- fication, bibliography, reference and advisory lems. services, history of books and libraries. book Obviously there are differences of opinions selection and collection development prin- among the schools, and between schools and ciples, and so on, must be taught at the gen- some of the members of the profession as to eral level. At best the library school can how to create the librarian. It seems futile merely indicate some of the influences acting to argue or even discuss these differences on the operations of different types of library again and again. Hopefully some suggestions activities in different institutional settings will be forthcoming that will indicate with that will affect decision-making processes. some precision just what goals the library Hopefully they will have provided the stu- schools should hare in order to do what is dents with sufficient memorv store to allow meaningful in introducing students to spe- them to resolve problems professionally in cial librarianship. But beyond that, special many settings. All of the schools that do not librarians will always have to satisfy them- teach special courses in administration do selves with being a part of a profession, and allow the students to weight their selection accept several approaches to the introduction of courses during the one year of library of special library oriented training efforts in school with the special problems courses in the various schools. Curriculum planning is technical services, readers services, literature an intricate matter. The major elements of li- and information handling, and other topics. brarianship can and will be divided several These are added to a tor; of courses in basic, ways by the schools, and introduced into general professional topics, somewhat ac- course packages of various kinds, hopefully cording to a reasonable rationale based on with the integration of divided elements the students' potential. among the courses being provided by faculty Administration can be taught, in a sense, planning. The administration of the educa- although practice on the job is the best tional programs must take account of local teacher. Library school courses can tell the influences, such as the needs of regions or students what they will be doing in adminis- the principal groups the universities serve. tration, that is, making decisions in the li- the availability of resources such as faculty. brary environment, on matters of personnel, consultants, student bodies, and funds, and organization, supervision, budget, evaluation, the freedom usually associated with univer- coordination, and like topics. The best thing sity faculties that allows individual profes- the library school can do is to broaden the sors to develop their courses as their skills, student's vista to encompass as much of li- abilities, and perceptions of topics dictate. A common assumption is that the library schools do not accord special li- brarianship the attention it deserves. The basis for such criticism appears to be the belief that the principles and techniques of the core curriculum are not readily applicable to special library practice. This paper argues that a core of principles and techniques does exist common to all areas of librarian- ship. The design of a model introductory course in special librarianship is presented which emphasizes the relationship of special librarianship to general librarianship and which endeavors to define the history, objectives, functions, organizational structure, and role of the special library. It is suggested that special librarians enter into a more productive educational partnership with library schools. This might, for example, involve the establishment of intern- ship programs to provide students with clinical experience within realistic working environments. What We Should Teach Special Librarians ALAN M. REES

o CRITICIZE the library school as an edu- the courses offered in special library work. The Tcational institution is a tradition jeal- results of such investigations are, to special ousy nurtured and perpetuated by practicing librarians, a never ending source of irrita- librarians. Special librarians have been par- tion."l Typical of the special library view- ticularly active in this invigorating pursuit. point is the following: "I would emphasize The schools follow rather than lead the pro- that library school training on the whole does fession, lag in teaching the new information little to prepare students for special library technology, capitulate to non-librarians work. I would recommend more attention to poaching on the librarian's professional pre- the problems of special libraries and less to serves, possess a narrow and constrained con- those of public libraries."Z This quoted ob- ception of librarianship, cling to outmoded servation was made in 1937. How many to- teaching methods, espouse an inflexible and day would in fact agree? What is wrong, if outmoded core curriculum which has little anything, with education for special librar- relationship to fast-changing areas of librar- ianship ? ianship-all of these allegations are familiar. The basis for criticism of library school As Harold Lancour pointed out some thirteen programs in special librarianship appears to years ago, "A favorite sport of special Ji- be the belief that the principles and tech- brarians is to collect the catalogs of the thirty- niques of general librarianship as expressed five accredited library schools and to tabulate in the core curriculum are not readily ap- plicable to special library practice.3 Intrinsic to this argument is the notion that special librarianship is different by virtue of its con- cern with special materials, special subject areas, highly defined needs, more intensive information services, non-conventional sys- tems, deeper and more varied subject analysis, peculiar organizational structure, aggressive rather than passive attitude.4 Such differences, School of Libra~y'Science. This avticle .~icts it is alleged, are neither reflected nor recog- ori~innllypresented at the Second Fornm on nized in library education. The inflexibility Ednccttion for Special Librarianship, SLA of the core curriculum over several decades Anwal Convention, Minneapolir, Minne- and the inadequate provision for specializa- .I otd, on Jme3, 1966. tion once core requirements are completed preclude satisfactory educational programs By \yay of analogy the recent Coggeshall for special librarianship. Report on Medical Education noted that at one views these arguments with a measure present the M.D. degree is earned at about of sympathy. Yet dissatisfaction with the core the midpoint of the formal education of the curriculum as it presently exists is nct to be physician but that "it is here that the tradi- equated with rejection of the concept itself. Eio& medical school abandons him and re- Denial of the existence of basic concepts and linquishes responsibility." The Report argues principles common to all areas of librarian- that "in the future, professional physician ship leads to the erosion of librarianshiu as a education should continue in a coordinated profession. The transition of surgery from a sequence, under the sponsorship and guid- skilled trade to a respected specialty of the ance of university medical schools through medical profession is iargely due to the pres- internship and residency programs. Rapid ent underpinning of surgical practice by ba- growth of knowledge and introduction of sic medical sciences such as physiology and new techniques makes skills obsolete before anatomy. Likewise, it is not unreasonable to the professional life of the practitioner is endeavor to discover and communicate a cor- finished." pus of principles which can be applied to all With respect to librarianship it is unrea- specialized areas of library practice. For this sonable to expect the library schools to fash- reason we continue to espouse the core con- ion expert professional librarians at the cept as the basis for education in special li- end of the one-year Master's prcgram. No brarianship. - provided that it is flexible and professional school produces finished prod- evolutionary. ucts. A specialist is not a beginner but an expert, a master of the history, theory, tech- niques, and practice of a chosen field. No Specialization in Library Education course in special librarianship, however ideal, Having accepted the notion of a core cur- will produce a trained special librarian. riculum, how much specialization is desirable It is important, therefore, to recognize the and possible within a one-year Master's pro- limitations of specialized courses within the gram? The continuing insistence on ever-in- one-year library school program. At best it creasing amounts of specialization in library is possible to teach the core curriculum and education is both dangerous and impractical. at the same time, by means of courses in "ap- "Library work," it was once pointed out, plied librarianship," indicate in general "cannot be put into capsules so that one can terms the nature of practice in various spe- take the capsule for engineering libraries, for cialized areas of librarianship-academic, spe- historical libraries, for hospital libraries. The cial, children's, and the like. The institution whole of knowledge is too intricately re- of post-graduate internship programs would lated."5 Excessive proliferation of separate certainly provide a deeper and broader un- courses must inevitably lead to a fragmenta- derstanding of a specialized field than is pos- tion of the essential unity of librarianship sible at the Master's level. We stand in ur- and a resulting pulverization of the concept gent need of the same kind of educational of a profession into a miscellany of educa- relationship which exists between medical tionally discrete activities. schools and hospitals. True specialization can Extensive specialization is moreover im- come only if internships can be provided practical within the one-year Master's pro- within library specialties to permit clinical grarn.6 A course in special libraries, academic experience and observation within realistic libraries, or any other library specialty can working environments. Although very real only be introductory. It should be recognized difficulties exist with respect to the imple- that library school courses, no matter how mentation of such programs, their desirability specialized, are not the termination but rather seems unauestioned. The recent initiation of the beginning of education for librarianship. internship programs in medical librarianship "The educational program should prepare at the University of Californa at Los Angeles, the student to become a librarian : it does not Washington University, and the University turn out a completely expert librarian upon of Tennessee Medical Units in Memphis is graduation."; most encouraging. Design of Model Course f. Place of the special library in the na- In view of the preceding argument it is tional information network. evident that serious constraints exist with re- g. Objectives and functions. spect to the teaching of specialties such as h. Clientele-user needs. special librarianship within the Master's i. Administrative organization. Program. The proposed course can therefore j. Standards. constitute only an introduction to, rather k. Budget. than training in, special librarianship. 1. Personnel. 2. Technical Processes : Course 0 b jective : To provide an introduction to special li- a. Acquisition of materials. brarianship; to reveal the history, objectives, b. Types of material. organizational structure, and characteristics c. Subject Analysis: of-various types of specid libraries ; to survey -Cataloging, the basic principles and techniques of the -Classification, core curriculum and to illustrate how these -Indexing, can be modified. utilized. and evaluated -Abstracting. within diverse special library contexts. d. Reader Services : It is not the intention to repeat the basic -Circulation, curriculum or to present "filet-of core" suit- -Interlibrary loan, ably garnished for the special librarian. -Translations, etc. Rather, the core curriculum will be reviewed e. Reference Services : in relation to specific types of materials to be -Telephone, cataloged and indexed for the purpose of -Literature searching, etc. providing information services to identified f. Dissemination : groups of users with recognized information -Library bulletin, needs in special library environments. It will -Current contents bulletins, be pointed out that there are no principles -SDI, etc. and techniques peculiar to special librarian- ship and that the necessity for specialized in- struction is occasioned by the peculiar con- In addition to extensive lectures and dis- texts in which special library services are to cussion each student is required to design a be provided. special library in a specific subject field or Encapsulated doses of information re- in an identified organizational context-pro- trieval and library automation are not pro- fessional association, industrial company, and vided. These belong in the general curric- so on. The decisions which must be made ulum, preferably within the core itself, since with respect to definition of objectives, im- these techniques and underlying theory are plementing technical processing, and pro- applicable to all areas of librarianship and viding information services will be discussed are not peculiar to special librarianship. by students in relation to constraints imposed However, coordinate indexing, thesauri, and by limited budget and personnel. selective dissemination systems will be dis- cussed in terms of their applicability to spe- Conclusions cial library situations. No radical changes have been proposed in this paper. There is no elixir of special li- Content: brarianship; no core of principles and tech- 1. The Specialty of Special Librarianship: niques exists peculiar to special library prac- a. Special vs. generalized librarianship. tice. Viewed in this light, special librarianship b. Definition of special library. constitutes a collection of specialized ap- c. History of special libraries. plications and this must be conveyed and d. Types of special libraries (organization demonstrated in any teaching program. vs. subject). Specialized instruction within the Master's e. Special libraries and information analy- program can only be introductory, with the sis centers. consequence that it is absurd for special li- brarians to demand that the library schools REES, Alan M. New Dimensions in Library Edu- graduate finished products. The dialogue be- cation-The Training of Science Information Per- tween special 1ibr;rians and library educators sonnel. Special Libraries, 1963, 54:497-502. SCHULTZ,Claire K. Things They Don't Teach for more than fifty years has been highly in Library School. Special Libraries, 1963, 54:513. repetitive, parochial, and particularly devoid STEVENSON,Christopher G. Library Education: of constructive suggestion. Rather than The Shape of the Future. Special Libraries, 1963, launch into another half-century of carping, 54:261-262. WARNKE,Ruth, and DAVIS,Richard A. Is the special librarians should cooperate with Traditional Library School Meeting the Needs of library schools to provide appropriate train- the Profession?-Two Viewpoints. Special Li- ing programs which would furnish insight braries, 1963, 54:493-496. into the practical application of theoretical 4. See, for example: WOODS,Bill. Foreword to principles. Without such clinical experience the Directory of Special Libraries and Inforrnatiotz Cezters, Gale Research Company, Detroit, 1963. there is a limit to what a library school can 5. FAIR,Ethel M. Behind the Tools of Industry. teach. Special Libraries, 1937, 28:44. Such experience might usefully be 6. BANKS,Doris. Specialization and Electives in achieved by instituting internship programs the Education of a Special Librarian. Special Li- braries, 1961, 52:327-328. to supplement introductory courses in special BERRY,John N., 111. A Day at Library School. librarianship. The schools for their part must Library Journal, 1965, 90:72-75. relax their grip on what has been an inflexi- LANCOUR,Harold. Specialization in Library Ed- ble and rigid core curriculum and endeavor ucation. ALA Bulletin, 1954, 48: 132-133. REECE,Ernest J. Preparation for Special Library to foster research devoted to defining and Work at the School of Library Service, Columbia strengthening the fundamental prirkples University. Special Libraries, 1934, 25:179-80. upon which the strategy and tactics of pro- -- , The Curriculum in Library Schools. Co- fessional library practice can be based. lumbia University Press, 1936, 220 p. ROTHSTEIN, Samuel. Should Library Schools Produce Specialists or Generalists? ALA Bulletit>, References 1962, 56:320-328. I. LANCOUR,Harold. The Training of Special Li- SHERA, Jesse H. Education for Librarianship- brarians in the United States. Aslib Proceedings, An Integrated Approach. ALA Bulletin, 1954, 1953, 5:275. 48: 129-30, 169-73. 2. COMMITTEEON TRAININGAND RECRUITING, . Dimensions of the Master's Program. Training Desired by Special Librarians. An Infor- 172 Libraries atzd the Orgarzization of Ktrowledge, mal Sampling of Questionnaire Returns. Special D. J. Foskett, ed. Archon Books: Hamden, Con- Libraries, 1937, 28:19. necticut. 1965. pp. 168-173. 3. HARVEY,John F. The New Frontier for Li- 7. ASHEIM,Lester, ed. The Core of Education for brary Educators. Journal of Education for Librar- Librmianship. A report of a workshop held under ianship, 1963, 3:243-250. the auspices of the Graduate Library School of the HAYES,R. M. Directions for Library Education. University of Chicago, August 10.15, 1953. Chi- Special Libraries, 1963, 54: 508-510. cago: ALA. 1954. p. 45. January 1967, No. 1 SPECIAL LIBRARIES AS~OCIATION Published quarterly by Specid Libraries As~ociation,31 Ed10th Street, New Yor&10003

he Midwinter Meetin of the Board The contents are an extensively revised Tof Directors and the fdvisory Council and up-dated version of material originally will be held January 19-21, 1967, at the presented at the San Francisco Bay Region Shamrock Hilton hotel, Houston, Texas. The Chapter's 1962 and 1964 Workshops for Li- meeting, except for executive sessions, is brary Assistants. open to all SLA members, and members of The editor, William C. Petru, is Technical the Texas Chapter especially are invited to Processes Librarian at Hewlett-Packard Com- attend. pany, Palo Alto, California. He was assisted by Mrs. Martha W. West, Director of In- he SLA Translations Center continues to formation Services at EDEX corporation, a Treceive federal support in its work. The subsidiary of Raytheon Company in Moun- National Science Foundation has awarded tain View, California. the Association a grant of $48,915 in The 88-page, paperbound volume contains tial support of the Center. This is the er ev- - a glossary of terms used in the text, selected enth year that NSF has contributed to the references, and a general index. Copies are Center's operations. The Clearinghouse for available from Association Headquarters at Federal Scientific and Technical Information, $4.00 each. National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, also renewed its contract nother SLA publication, A Chechlist for with the Association through December 31, A the Organization, Operation and Evalu- 1966. Under this agreement the Translations ation of a Company Library, 2nd edition, an- Center provides the Clearinghouse with bib- nounced for fall, ran into a number of pro- liographic and subject analyses for the more duction snags. It came off press in late than 6,000 translations it collects each year December and orders are now being filled. from nongovernmental organizations.

LA has just published The Library, An ssociation members have been invited to S Inrrodrrctiorz for Library As~istant~,a A submit pa ers for the 14th Interna- project of the San Francisco Bay Region tional Technid Communications Confer- Chapter, which explains the fundamentals of ence of the Society of Technical Writers library operations to library assistants. The and Publishers. The conference, whose theme handbook provides them with a fuller un- is Technical Communication-Man's Record derstanding of the goals and procedures of of Reality, will be held in Chicago, May libraries as well as an explanation of the role 24-27, 1967. For further information, write of the library assistant in his environment. Elizabeth J. Grimm, American Oil Com- Emphasis is on what the library operations pany, 2500 New York Avenue, Whiting, are and why they exist. Indiana 46394.

Report of the Treasurer I respectfully submit the financial statements of the Special Libraries Association for the year ended September 30, 1966, including the statement of assets and fund balance and the sum- mary of changes in special fund balances. The report of Price Waterhouse & Co., who examined the financial statemwts, is included herewith. JEAN E. FLBGAL,Treasrrrer S-1 Board of Directors of Special Libraries Association In our opinion, except for the possible effect of determination of income tases referred to in Note 2, the accompanying statements (Exhibits I through V and Schedule A) present fairly the assets of Special Libraries Association at September 30, 1966, resulting from the cash transactions, and the income collected, expenses disbursed and changes in fund balances for the year, and are presented on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year. Our examination of these statements was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. The accounts of the Association are maintained on the basis of cash receipts and disbursements, and accordingly include approximately $59,000 collected at September 30, 1966, for dues and periodical subscriptions applicable to subsequent periods; the corresponding amount at September 30, 1965, was approximately $47,100. The accounts at September 30, 1966, do not reflect ex- penses incurred but not paid of approximately $14,700; the corresponding amount at September 30, 1965, was approximately $14,200. PRICEWATERHOUSE P( CO 60 Broad Street, New York, N. Y. 10004 December 2, 1966

EXHIBIT I SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION STATEMENT OF ASSETS RESULTING FROM CASH TRANSACTIONS SEPTEMBER 30, 1966 Assets General fund: Cash, including savings accounts of $55,258.95 ... General Reserve fund: Cash in savings accounts ...... Marketable securities, at cost (approximate market value $37,800) ......

Life Membership fund: Cash in savings account ...... Publications fund: Cash, including savings accounts of $18,739.08 ...... Scholarship and Student Loan fund: Cash in savings accounts ...... Loans receivable ......

Translations Center fund : Cash in checking account ...... Equipment Reserve fund: Cashinsavingsaccount ...... Foreign Publications Agency fund: Cash in checking account ...... Special Classifications Center fund: Cash in checking account ...... Motion Picture fund: Cash in savings account ...... Soviet Exchange fund: Cash in checking account ...... Translations Index fund: Cash in checking account ...... EXHIBIT I (continued) Fund Balances General fund (Exhibit 11) ...... Translations Center fund (Exhibit 111) ...... Special Classifications Center fund (Exhibit IV) ...... Special funds (Exhibit V) : General Reserve fund ...... Life Membership fund ...... Publications fund ...... Scholarship and Student Loan fund ...... Equipment Reserve fund ...... Foreign Publications Agency fund ...... Motion Picture fund ...... Soviet Exchange fund (Schedule A) ...... Translations Index fund ......

EXHIBIT I1 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION STATEMENT OF INCOME COLLECTED. EXPENSES DISBURSED AND CHANGES IN GENERAL FUND BALANCE FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1966 Actual Budget Income collected: Dues ...... $142.687.73 $ Periodicals: Scientific Meetings ...... 8.850.55 Special Libraries ...... 53.236.55 Technical Book Review Index ...... 20.564.64 Service on Unlisted Drugs ...... 1.287.89 Net receipts from convention ...... 28.571.64 Interest on funds in savings bank accounts ...... 2.248.13 Addressing service ...... 3.949.96 Miscellaneous ...... 1.191.38 Total income ...... 262.588.47 253.762.00 -- . Expenses disbursed: Allocation of funds to subunits: Chapters ...... 17.106.04 17.803.00 Divisions ...... 13.925.50 14.760.00 Committees ...... 8.432.49 7.760.00

General operations: Salaries ...... Payroll taxes ...... Rent andoccupancy tax ...... Auditing ...... Legal counsel ...... Insurance ...... Supplies and printing ...... Postage and shipping ...... Telephone ...... Equipment ...... Equipment maintenance ...... Building maintenance ...... Porter service ...... Library materials ...... MisceUaneous ......

Carried forward ...... S-3 EXHIBIT I1 (continued) Actual Budget Expenses disbursed (brought forward) ...... $149,207.00 Periodicals: News and Notes ...... 1,350.00 Scientific Meetings ...... 8,904.00 Special Libraries ...... 48,420.00 Technical Book Review Index ...... 14,569.00 Service on Unlisted Drugs ...... 1,350.00 Memberships in other organizations ...... 720.00 Board of Directors meetings ...... 750.00 President's expenses ...... 4,900.00 President's fund ...... 400.00 Headquarters' staff expenses ...... 2,000.00 Placement service ...... 225.00 Public relations ...... 2.500.00 Headquarters' convention expenses ...... Services to sustaining members ...... Retirement program (Note 1) ...... Health insurance ...... Documentation Abstracts ...... Reduction for expenses disbursed for account of: Translations Center fund ...... Publications fund ...... Special Classifications Center fund ...... Soviet Exchange fund ...... Total expenses disbursed ...... Excess of expenses disbursed over income collected Fund balance. September 30. 1965 ......

Less: Transfer to Equipment Reserve fund (Exhibit V) ...... (1.000.00) ($ 1.000.00) Transfer to Life Membership fund ...... (1.000.00)

Fund balance. September 30. 1966 ...... $105.644.89

EXHIBIT UI SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION STATEMENT OF INCOhfE COLLECTED. EXPENSES DISBURSED AND CHANGES IN TRANSLATIONS CENTER FUND BALANCE FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1966 Actual Budget Income collected: National Science Foundation Grant ...... $ 44.114.35 $ 46.930.00 National Bureau of Standards Contract ...... 27.600.00 27.600.00 Other ...... 30.30 Total income ...... 71.744.65 74.530.00 Expenses disbursed: Salaries ...... 38.223.68 39.014.00 Payroll taxes ...... 2.232.38 2,165.00 Supplies ...... 521.77 900.00 Communications ...... 775.12 920.00 Equipment ...... 412.93 490.00 Reference collection ...... 137.82 150.00 Photocopying ...... 8.407.55 9.100.00 Promotion ...... 3.694.31 3,200.00 Field trips ...... 561.89 1.600.00 Carried forward ...... 54.967.45 57.539.00 S-4 EXHIBIT I11 (continued) Actual Budget Expenses disbursed (brought forward) ...... Meetings ...... Rent and administrative services ...... Disbursed for account of the fund by SLA General fund ...... Total expenses disbursed ...... Excess of income collected over expenses disbursed ...... Fund balance. September 30. 1965 ...... Fund balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ......

EXHIBIT IV SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION STATEMENT OF INCOME COLLECTED. EXPENSES DISBURSED AND CHANGES IN SPECIAL CLASSIFICATIONS CENTER FUND BALANCE FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1966 Actual Budget Income collected: National Science Foundation Grant ...... $ 2.833.58 Expenses disbursed: Salaries ...... Payroll taxes ...... Equipment ...... Printing and supplies ...... Communications ...... Printing ...... Library materials ...... Rent and administrative services ...... Travel ...... Disbursed for account of the fund by SLA General fund ...... Total expenses disbursed ...... Excess of expenses disbursed over income collected ...... Fund balance. September 30. 1965 ......

Fund balance. September 30. 1966 ......

EXHIBIT V SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN SPECIAL FUND BALANCES FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1%6 General Reserve Fund Interest and dividends received on marketable securities and savings bank accounts . . Balance. September 30. 1965 ......

Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... Life Membeiship Fund Interest on savings bank account ...... Transfer from General fund (Exhibit 11) ...... JohnCottonDanalectwes ...... Balance. September 30. 1965 ...... Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... EXHIBIT V (continued) Publications Fund Sales char ed to sustaining members ...... Proceeds &om sales of publications ...... Interest on savings bank accounts ...... Other ......

Production and selling expenses ...... Excess of income over expenses ...... Balance. September 30. 1965 ...... Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ......

Scholarship and Student Loan Fund Gifts ...... % 9,970.91 Interest on savings bank accounts and student loans ...... 934.41

Scholarship grants ...... Balance, September 30, 1965 ...... - Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... S 22.732.58

Equipment Reserve Fund Transfer from General fund (Exhibit 11) ...... $ 1.000.00 Interest on savings bank account ...... 315.49 Balance. September 30. 1965 ...... 5.859.48 .. .. Balance, September 30, 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... $ 7,174.97

Foreign Publications Agency Fund Proceeds from sale of Aslib publications ...... 319.46 Disbursements to Aslib and expenses ...... (669.03) Balance. September 30. 1965 ...... ' 745.31 . Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... $ 395.74

Motion Picture Fund Gifts ...... $ 143.00 Interest on savings account ...... 134.24 Balance, September 30, 1965 ...... 2,848.37 Balance. September 30. 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... $ 3.125.61

Soviet Exchange Fund (Schedule A) National Science Foundation Grant ...... $ 23.411.00 Expenses ...... (12.870.59) .--. 10,540.41 Balance. September 30. 1965 ...... 3.050.03 Balance. September 30. l9GG (Exhibit I) ...... -$ 13,590.44 S-6 EXHIBIT V (continued) Translations Index Fund National Science Foundation Grant ...... Balance, September 30, 1966 (Exhibit I) ...... $ 13,500.00

SCHEDULE A SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION STATEMENT OF INCOME COLLECTED, EXPENSES DISBURSED AND CHANGES IN SOVIET EXCHANGE FUND BALANCE FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1966 Actual Budget* Income collected: National Science Foundation Gmnt . .

Expenses disbursed: Transportation of U. S. delegation ...... Per diem expenses of U. S. delegation ...... Visas ...... Publication of report ...... Administtative costs ...... Disbursed for account of the fund by SLA General fund ...... Total expenses disbursed ...... Excess of income (expenses) over expenses disbursed (income collected) ...... Fund balance, September 30, 1965 ...... Fund balance, September 30, 1966 (Exhibit I) ......

* The Soviet Exchange fund budget represents amounts approved in a prior period, less income received and expenses disbursed through September 30, 1965.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 1966

NOTE 1: Effective October 1, 1963, the Association entered into a contributoly group annuity contract with an insurance company. During the year 1966, $6,200 and $6,164 were paid for current and past services, respectively. Unfunded past service costs amounting to $20,600 as of September 30, 1966, are to be paid by the employer over the years remaining to the employees' normal retirement dates. The employees contributed $1,915 for the current service costs during the year ended September 30, 1966.

NOTE 2: The Internal Revenue Service is examining the Association's information return for the year ended September 30, 1963, and has raised a question of possible assessment of tax on certain income which the Service may classify as untelated business income. The maximum federal, state, and local taxes on the amounts in question before reduction for allocable expenses for the four years ended September 30, 1966, are estimated at approximately $28,000. The outcome of the question raised by the Service is not determinable at this time. SLA Sustaining Members The following organizations are supporting the activities and objectives of the Special Libraries Amciation by becoming Sustaining Members for 1967. This list includes all applicants processed through December 22. 1966. ABBOTTLABORATORIES, North Chicago, Illinois RICHARD EL & COMPANY,Portland, Oregon AMERICANIRON AND STEELINS-ITIWTJ~, New York, New York AMERICANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION, Chicago, Illinois ARGONNBNATIONAL LABORATORY, Argonne, Illinois ATLASCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED, Wilmington, Delaware BASIC ECONOMICAPPRAISALS, INCORPORATED, New York, New York BEcToN, DICKINSON& COMPANY, Rutherford, New Jersey BETHLEHEM STEELCORPORATION, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania R. R. BOWKERCOMPANY, New Yo*, New York BRO-DARTINDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED, Newark, New Jersey CIBA PHARMACEUTICALCOMPANY, Summit, New Jersey CONSOLIDATIONCOAL COMPANY, Library, Pennsylvania CONTINENTALCARBON COMPANY, Houston, Texas CONTINENTALNATIONAL AMERICAN GROUP,Chicago, Illinois CORNINGGLASS WORKS, Coming, New York THEJOHN CRERAR LIBRARY, Chicago, Illinois DALHOUSIEUNIVERSITY, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada DALLASPUBLIC LIBRARY, Dallas, Texas E. I. DUPONTDE NEMOURS& COMPANY,Wilmington, Delaware EASTMANKODAK COMPANY, Rochester, New York F. W. FAXONCOMPANY, INCORPORATED, Boston, Massachusetts GENERALELEC~IC COMPANY, Schenectady, New York GENERALFOODS CORPORATION, White Plains, New York GENERALMILLS INCORPORATED, Minneapolis, Minnesota GENERALRADIO COMPANY, West Concord, Massachusetts GLICKBOOKBINDING CORPORATION, Long Island City, New York B. F. GOODRICH,Akron, Ohio JOHNS-MANVILLERESEARCH AND ENGINEERINGCENTER, Manville, New Jersey JOHNSONREPRINT CORPORATION, New YO*, New York WALTERJ. JOHNSON,INCORPORATED, New York, New York KAISERALUMINUM & CHEMICALCORPORATION, Spokane, Washington ELI LILLYAND COMPANY,Indianapolis, Indiana LOCKHEEDMISSILES & SPACECOMPANY, Palo Alto, California MCGRAW-HILL,INCORPORATED, New York, New York MAXWELLSCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, INCORPORATED, Long Island City, New York NATIONALASSOCIATION OF ENGINEAND BOAT~~ANUPACTURERS, New York, New York NATIONALBANK OF DETROIT,Detroit, Michigan NATIONALLIBRARY, Singapore, Malaya N~~ YORKLIFE INSURANCECOMPANY, New York, New York THENEW YORK TIMES, New York, New York NORTHAMERICAN AVIATION INCORPORATED,El Segundo, California OGILW& MATHERINCORPORATED, New York, New York THEPEOPLES GAS, LIGHT AND COKECOMPANY, Chicago, Illinois P~SBURGHPLATE GLASS COMPANY, New Martinsville, West Virginia PR~NTICE-HALL,INCORPORATED, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey PROC~ER& GAMBLE COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio PUBLICSERVICE ELECTRIC AND GASCOMPANY, Newark, New Jersey RCA LABORATORIES,RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA,Princetoo, Nev Jersey THE RAND CORPORATION,Santa Monica, California ROHM& HAASCOMPANY, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ROYALBANK OF CANADA,Montreal, Quebec, Canada ST. JOHN'SUNIVERSITY LIBRARY, Jamaica, New York SHAWINIGANCHEMICALS LID., Montreal, Quebec, Canada SHELLDEVELOPMENT COMPANY, Emeryville, California SHELLOIL COMPANY,New Yo&, New York SKOKIEPUBLIC LIBRARY, Skokie, Illinois STERLING-WINTHROPRESEARCH INSTITUTE, Rensxlaer, New York SYNTEXCORPORATION, Palo Alto, California TAYLOR-CARLISLE'SBOOK STORE, INCORPORATED, New Yo*, New York TEXASGAS TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIBRARY, Owensboro, Kentucky TIMEINCORPORATED, New York, New York J. WALTERTHOMPSON COMPANY, New York, New York TORONTOPUBLIC LIBRARY, Toronto, Ontario, Canada UNITEDCOMMUN~ FUNDS & COUNCILOF AMERICA,INCORPORATED, New York, New York UNNERSIN OF DENVER,Denver, Colorado UNNERSITYOF MISSOURI AT KANSASCITY, Kansas City, Missouri UNXVERSINOF TEXAS,Houston, Texas WESTPORTPUBLIC LIBRARY, Westport, Connecticut THE H. W. WILSONCOMPANY, New York, New York WORCESTERFREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, Worcester, Mass. XBROXCORPORATION, Rochester, New York The separate course is the choice of library schools wishing to prepare students specifically for responsibility in a special library; its content depends upon what is required to supplement the general curriculum. One such course, emphasizing administration, and utilizing a new teaching method, is described. Values of special librarianship necessary for orientation to the field are stated.

Special Libraries Instruction: The Separate Course MARTHA JANE K. ZACHERT

HE VERY existence of the separate course Dewey and LC as a regular feature for all, T in special libraries implies its over-all ob- and allows each student detailed academic jective, which can be stated as: to add to the study of one or more schemes relating to his general Master's degree program something specialization. I need teach no cataloging in that will prepare the student specifically for the course called Special Libraries. Similarly, responsibility in a special library. This much the special libraries program provides heavy is self-evident, and leaves little to say in this emphasis on information and other readers' paper unless we go on to the question of services, and on the tools to provide these "What is that something that is missing services, through courses in basic and ad- from the curriculum that at least some vanced reference and bibliography, subject schools set enough store by to present in a field bibliography, and information storage separate course ?" and retrieval. I need not teach this, either, in The question can be answered only in the the special libraries course. What about those context of each library school's curriculum materials of unusual significance to special li- (and I shall speak to it in the context of the braries, such as technical reports, maps, docu- curriculum at Florida State University). ments, patents, vendor information, stand- First, let me make it clear that our philosophy ards and specifications, archives? Again, of library education includes nothing that courses covering these materials are a re- would result in what Erik Bromberg found quired part of the special libraries program. in his survey--"A one-shot affair where [the The same information could not be merely student] received everything necessary about duplicated in another course; therefore, all readers' services, cataloging, serials, acquisi- this is excluded from the special libraries tions, administration, book selection, and so course. What, then, is the "something" to be on." [See page 22.1 Our philosophy precludes added to the general curriculum to prepare the possibility of such a catch-all course. No the student specifically for responsibilities in student at FSU takes only the course in spe- a special library ? cial libraries; every student follows a planned program of studies. The special li- braries program includes, for example, Two "Somethings" Added My own answer to this question is, by ,\lr.r. Zcr~.brrt, 7, ho is Ar- now, well-defined: two "somethings" need i;!/,llff Prnfer,r,r. dt the to be added to the FSU general curriculum L~/)I.~II,~.S(.boo/, F/OI.;J.I to prepare the student to be an effective spe- S/,I/L,~III~I er.r;/?, T'I//LI~(IJ-cial librarian. The first is detailed study of .I M. /irst /)re Ietltd /hi the practicalities of administering a library p.r/)er ~rt the SPI.OII,/ in the locus in which the special library Fcr.//iir oil Ed//ration f 01. exists; and the second, thorough inculcation Special Z,ibrari~~i~.rhip, of the student with the values of special SLA Convetztion, ~inneapolis,~innesoh, librarianship. This course content emphasiz- on June 3, 1966. ing the solution of administrative problems characteristic of special libraries in a context services? 6) What financial planning is re- of the unique self-image of the special li- quired to accomplish these services ? brarian has evolved from several sources: Within the context of the hypothetical li- brary very specific decisions are made, and 1. From the requirements of the FSU cur- riculum, in which each type-of-library course very specific jobs are performed. Each deci- sion influences in some way the future deci- is expected to emphasize application of ad- ministrative theory to the particular type of sions. Each student has the experience of library under discussion, i.e. academic, pub- working as a member of a team whose in- lic, school, or special. There are four com- dividual experience~contribute differently to the successful operation of the team. What parable courses of which the student usually the student decides influences what he does takes only one. next, and what his classmates do next. He is 2. From the evidence of the values of encouraged, even forced, to be creative in special librarians as recorded in Special Li- these decisions. His decisions are analyzed, bravies and in the official communications of the Association. and as gleaned informallv and criticized, at every step of his study. The " simulation study utilizes problem-solving, in many discussions at the local and national demonstrations, and role-playing as its teach- level. ing methods. 3. From discussions with students in-course and those on their first jobs after completing The Special Library Concept their degrees, discussions relating to their felt needs in approaching actual special li- The remaining one-third of the course brary jobs, and to problems they encounter time (most of which is actually scheduled for which they could, perhaps, have been first, chronologically) is given over to ori- better prepared in library school. enting the student to the "special library con- cept." This orientation includes the chrono- The result is a plan which devotes ap- logical history of special libraries, including proximately two-thirds of the course time to special libraries outside the United States application of administrative theory in what and the associations that support these world- I call a simdation ~tzrdv.As I conceive it. wide special libraries. It attempts to appraise simulation study differs from what is being the role of the special library in today's called case-study method in library school world, evaluating both its accomplishments teaching in several ways. Rather than expos- and its deficiencies as noted by its critics. It ing the student to a series of what are really explores the special library's relationship to problem incidents, the simulation study im- information science and documentation. It merses the student in the world of a particu- studies the search for special library stand- lar, though hypothetical, special library. This ards, and the result. It does not introduce microcosm is structured in such a way as to these subjects to the student, but-as is the make the student accept a role in it, to make case with the specialized treatment of ad- him view related adm&istrative problems in ministration-it emphasizes applications in this well-defined context, to make him live special librarianship. with decisions once made, and to make him Interwoven through the entire course, both build future decisions on those of yesterday the orientation and the simulation study of -in short, an approximation of a real situa- administration, is a steady emphasis on the tion, a simulation study. The student is values of special librarianship, or to say this placed in the position of decision-maker. The another way, on the image of special li- basic questions about which decisions must brarianship. There are five such values up- be made are the classic questions of adminis- permost in the image of special librarianship, tration: I) What are the services to be of- judging from the sources of information fered? 2) What personnel are needed to named earlier, values which I strongly feel perform these services? 3) What materials do not receive sufficient emphasis elsewhere are needed to perform these services? 4) in the library school curriculum. Four of What physical facilities are needed to per- these have been specified in the literature: 1) form these services ? 3) What basic media of that information is a commodity; 2) that communication are needed to perform these the special librarian is more a manager than an educator; 3) that creative administrative ented types of library service, but he needs intuition is an essential virtue for a special it to allow him to stand with pride among librarian; and 4) that user-satisfaction is the them. The prestige implied in long continu- major motivating force in special library ity of service need not exclude the student of planning. Since these values have been so special librarianship, and I want him to well explicated in the literature of special know this. It is not conimon knowledge. I librarianship, I assume that I do not have to have had to make my own studies of Ameri- explain or defend them. Nor do I feel that can special librarianship in the eighteenth I need to defend the fact that one of my and nineteenth centuries, especially outside primary objectives in teaching a separate spe- the academic world of Rcthstein and the cial libraries course is to elucidate these business-industrial world of Kruzas. I intend xalues to students who learn little of them to continue to explore our history until the in their "general" courses; to demonstrate story is complete, for I feel I must transmit these values as determinants of aclministra- it to students as information pertinent to tive decisions in special libraries; and, in- their heritagz, as well as the basis for their sofar as possible with adult students, to understanding and acceptance of other redirect attitudes to reflect these values. values. We who utilize a separate course in special An Intimate Heritage librarianship, then, want it to add some- To these four well-known values I have thing to the general program that will pre- added a fifth value which I hold and which I pare the student specifically for responsibili- believe more special librarians would hold if ties in special libraries, something which we they knew more about it. This is the value of feel is missing without this separate course. the history of special librarianship as an in- For me, at FSU, this means practical decision- timate heritage, a definite (though largely making experience in the nearest approxima- unexplored) part of the total history of li- tion to an actual special library possible, plus brarianship, but at the same time unique and a look bcth wide and deep at the concept of therefore of singular importance to us. Our special librarianship. I suspect that, for each history, as a herltage of special librarianship of the others teaching a separate course, this and therefore as worthy of a place among means a similar analysis of the curriculum of our primary values does, perhaps, need de- a particular library school and a course that fense. The self-image of special librarian- is structured accordingly. ship, though well-defined in other ways, is I am aware that there are differences of almost completely lacking in a historical opinion. I am glad, for I believe this to be base. Not that our history would ever be- desirable and healthy. In fact, I would view come the major part of our self-image, for-- uniformity of opinion on these points with though we are rooted in an honorable past-- the suspicion that we are indoctrinating, we are very much aware of ourselves as of rather than educating. I am not unaware that the present and of the future. There is no these differences stem, at least partially, from danger that we could fall into a past-ori- our relative proximity to this intangible we ented image. Other branches of librarian- call education for special librarianship. This ship are in much greater danger of lingering is why we need to be especially careful to in a bygone aura than is special librarian- examine each point of view with respect in ship. There are powerful forces in our milieu our search for truth. to keep us firmly facing the future. But this is Our situation, as we explore our points of not to say that our historical base should be ~,iew,reminds me of a story I read recently ignored or denied. Especially in the climate in a local newspaper. A young woman had of a "general" library school-where the abandoned her VM in the midst of traffic historical base of public libraries is a present in a busy intersection, and she was in court value in many of the "general" courses-- to explain this unorthodox behavior. "I the special libraries student needs his own put my hand on the gearshift," she said, unique historical orientation. He needs this "and there, coiled around the stick, was a not to separate him from the students who snake. It was as big around as a python and are bound for other, more historically ori- five feet long." This is not impossible in Florida, but it is a bit unusual, and the in- not available for verification. The , vestigating officer was quick to contradict however, pointed out the discrepancy in the her. "Your honor," he said, "it was a com- two stories and asked the young woman how mon garden snake, at most two-and-a-half she explained it. Her reply: "He was on the feet long." In the confusion at the intersec- outside looking in; I was in thz driver's seat tion the evidence had escaped, and so was with my hand on the snake!"

As a means toward the blending of the new content of documentation and the information sciences with the traditional content of librarianship, a new conceptual framework is proposed for the library school curriculum. Librar- ianship and information science, conceived as one field, is divided into three broad areas: books and reading (information and its uses), bibliography (in- tellectual access), and libraries and information centers. A core course and subsequent specializations, both conventional and unconventional, are sug- gested for each area. Documentation and Information Science in the Core Library School Curriculum RAYNARD C. SWANK

YEAR AGO in a paper "The Graduate Li- (as Weinberg defined them), data banks (in A brary School CurriculumM* I suggested social and political fields), management infor- that, in incorporating the newer content of mation systems (in business), and command documentation and information science into and control systems (in the military). . . . Second, in this process of expansion, li- the library school curriculum, we need to brarianship is again reaching out to other dis- go all the way back into the core courses to ciplines for new knowledge and methodologies. take a new look at them in the light of im- In the nineteen thirties we found new strength portant changes in librarianship itself. In it, in the social sciences-sociology, education, 1 noted four changes in librarianship to communications, and statistics. Today, in the which the curriculum must be adjusted. quest of advanced technologies, we are search- ing out mathematics, electronics, business and First is the expansion of librarianship, with industrial management, linguistics, philosophy, respect . . . to the range of functions within and psychology. it and of interests without. By functions within Third is the emergence of additional, exact- I mean new or alternative or more intensive ing specializations in librarianship, especially kinds of services-selective dissemination of in the area of information science, including op- information to readers, the delivery of photo- erations research, systems analysis, and mech- copies to offices and laboratories, literature anization. searching, and other activities of which many And fourth is the development of librarian- are embraced by the rubric "documentation." ship itself as a more rigorous discipline. The By interests without I mean other fields of in- growing complexity of the profession requires formation service, such as information centers the discovery and application of more precise methodologies for the study of library af- * Sarah R. Reed, ed. Problems of Library School fairs. . . . Administration; Report of an Institute. Apil 14-15, 196,5, Washington, D. C. US. Office of The new content represented by these Education, 1965, p. 20-27. changes is impressive-the extension of li- brarianship into new fields of information a fresh insight into the nature of librarian- handling, the intensification of library serv- ship-an insight derived from broader con- ices, the infusion of new knowledge and tech- cepts, more exact methodologies, and more niques from other disciplines, with emerging varied applications. Its content cuts across the new specializations, and the evolution of a entire spectrum of librarianship and even more exact library science. But let us never penetrates the core curriculum. Like docu- forget that the traditional content of librarian- mentation, it is an extension of librarianship. ship is also impressive. The long experience The processes of collection building, organ- and tested values of librarianship are still our ization, and utilization are, for example, com- most reliable and sophisticated resource for mon to all library and information systems. the solution of information-handling prob- Let us look back at the nature of librarian- lems in most contexts, whatever additional ship and try to identify the broad areas of help may now be needed. An imaginative content that are common to all information- curriculum revision will build upon this re- handling systems and to which documenta- source, explicate its values, and extend its tion and information science are applicable. application to information problems far from The conceptualization that works best for me the four walls of the library. divides the content into three main areas. First are books and readers, including all forms of recorded knowledge and all manner Blending Old and New of people who use it, both inside and out- There are three ways of relating the newer side the library or information agency. Second content of documentation and information is the intellectual organization of recorded science to the older content of librarianship. knowledge, including bibliography, catalog- First is the addition of specialized courses to ing, classification, and indexing of all kinds, the existing curriculum, as many schools are regardless of origin or place of application. now doing. This is useful and expedient but And third is the library itself, and other achieves no basic integration. The old cur- kinds of information centers, as institutions riculum remains substantially untouched. Sec- for the operation of book and information ond is the offering of separate new curricula services. These three-recorded knowledge in information science that are parallel or and its users, its intellectual organization, and alternative to the old curriculum, as a few the service agencies-are, I believe, compre- library schools and the separate schools of hensive of both librarianship and information information science are now doing. This ap- science. proach not only fails of integration but ac- tually emphasizes the apparent dichotomy between the new and the old. The third way, Of Books and Readers to which I subscribe, is the blending of the The world of books and readers is con- new content into a basically revised version ceived here broadly as the content, the sub- of the old curriculum-or, if the converse stance, the meanings with which we are pleases more, the blending of the old ccntent basically concerned. It is also the environ- into a basically nzw curriculum. mental aspect of libraries as institutions- I prefer the integrated approach because I the sources of policy and criteria for evalua- do not believe that information science is a tion. Books to cover the whole panoply of field separate from librarianship. It is rather forms in which information is recorded, in- cluding journals, technical reports, newspa- pers, manuscripts, films, and magnetic tape. Reading to stand for the full range of uses to which books are put, the scholarly needs they serve, their seIection and dissemination. The emphasis in this area is on the content of the collection (or file) and on its schol- arly origins and interpretation. It might be argued that books and readers are two fields instead of one. I prefer to think of them as one, because I find it impossible ing their origins in the history of scholarship to consider such functions as book selection and the scholarly uses to which they are put. and literature searching without simultaneous It would not be just the history of the printed reference to both. The two merg: in the book or the rise of the technical report, concept of reading, or, more broadly, in the though it would include something about retrieval and dissemination of ideas and in- each. It would treat of the beginnings and formation from recorded sources. It is the present status of the scientific journal, the interaction of writers and books and renders uses of microforms and audio-visual aids, the that is central to our purpose, regardless of purposes of government documents, and the how diverse our specializations may be. acceptance of newspapers as historical evi- This area relates also to the beginning and dence. It would touch upon current changes the end of the information cycle, to both the in the concept of publication, as texts begin input and the output of a library or informa- to be reproduced in single copies upon de- tion system. The principles of book selection mand from microforms, just as the concept and literature searching are essentially the was chang-d in the fifteenth century from same for the acquisition librarian, the refer- the production of single to multiple copies ence librarian, the information specialist, or by the new technologies of printing. The the reader. survey though necessarily superficial in many Specializations in this area, without refer- respects, would try to make certain that li- ence to specific courses, may be broadly out- brarians, documentalists, and information sci- lined as follows. First the history of books entists alike share a broad view of the full and printing and the field of rare books. range of library resources and the manifold Second are selection of books and the evalua- reasons for their existence. While a course tion of collections, whether for acquisition such as this might be impractical, and cer- or use. Third are reading interests and user tainly difficult to teach, it does represent an studies, which branch out into the theory of approach that ought at least be explored. learning, the sociology and psychology of communication, and the nature and methods Of Organization of scholarship. Fourth is reference, which The second broad area is the intellectual branches out into the various fields of subject organization of recorded knowledgethe literature specialization; specializations by bibliographical schemes within which the forms of materials, such as government doc- content and meanings of books are arranged uments, technical reports, and audio-visual and described for retrieval. These are the in- materials ; and specializations by reader levels, tellectual road maps of the world of books such as children's and popular adult litera- and reading. Included are all varieties of ture. The term reference is used here not classifications, vocabularies, catalogs, bibliog- simply to denote a familiarity with diction- raphies, and indexes, whether applied in aries, handbooks, encyclopedias, indexes, and manual or mechanized systems. Indeed, the the like, but more broadly the knowledge theories and principles of bibliography, as and exploitation of book collections and in- the broadest term available for this area, are formation files, including the tools of their separable from the technologies of particular organization, the strategies of seeking out the libraries or information centers. Also, the desired resources, and the methods of their design and preparation of bibliographical dissemination. schemes, which are the main concerns of To this entire area of librarianship there this area, are separable from the methods of is an introductory or core content that I wish utilizing those schemes at the point of ref- could be shared by students in all specializa- erence and retrieval. tions, for the purposes of perspective, of un- The specializations in this area include derstanding the relationships between one's notably the field of enumerative bibliog- own specialization and those of others, and raphy, and especially subject bibliography, as of communication among the specializations. well as library cataloging and classification, This would be an introduction to the major the many special indexing schemes, such as forms and movements of publication that fill coordinate, citation, and key-word-in-context, up libraries and information centers, includ- and the systematic study of problems com- mon to all types of file organization, such as ments of bibliographical organization should the derivation and control of subject head- come clear to all students, whether they spe- ings, or descriptors, and the measurement of cialize later in library catalcging or automatic relevance. Here especially do the disciplines indexing, and a common theoretical basis for of logic, mathematics, and linguistics come the comparison and evaluation of all schemes into play. would be laid. For a core program in this area I would suggest a comparative introduction to the Of Institutions many species of bibliographical schemes. In the third area are the institutions that This would define the elements that are com- operate information services-the libraries, mon to all schemes and explore the variations information centers, data banks, or whatever in the treatment of those elements for differ- other forms they might take. This is the en- ent bodies of recorded knowledge, different gineering and administration of library and groups of readers, and different uses. Some information systems, including both manual of these elements are 1) the scope or cover- and mechanized technologies and the integra- age of a catalog, index, or file-what it tion of human and machine capabilities. It is really contains ; 2) the scheme of intellectual the institutional manifestation of books and organization, which may be broken down their intellectual organization for service to into a) the principles and concepts of classi- particular communities or types of readers. fication used, b) the derivation and control Specializations in this area begin with the of the terms applied to the concepts, c) the and other information order or arrangement of the terms, as in handling agencies. There follow the general alphabetical, hierarchical, coordinate, and administration and management of these random schemes, and d) the nctations or agencies, including 1) organization, staffing, codes that facilitate filing and searching; 3) and control, 2) line operations, such as order the rules of entry, that is, the choice of books work, reference service, and circulation, and or information that are represented under 3) staff functions, both internal and external, particular concepts or terms, as in specific. such as systems analysis and mechanization, analytic, or generic entries, and including and product research and public relations. depth of indexing; 4) the fullness of descrip- Finally specializations by types of communi- tion, that is, what is told about a book or an ties served-academic, public, state and na- item of information when it is entered under tional, school, business, industrial, govern- a term, and this includes abstracting, and mental, and many others. These treat of the finally 3) the physical attributes of the books and other resources and the kinds of scheme, its form, the ease of scanning, the bibliographical organization, as well as the method of cumulation, and so on. These are institutional forms, policies, procedures, and all variables that must be measured or con- services, that are peculiar to their own specific trolled in the evaluation of any bibliograph- communities of readers. ical scheme, however ancient or ultra-modern. The best core program in this area would It should be noted that each of these ele- probably be an introduction to the various ments, except the last, comprises a continuun~ types of libraries and information centers- from broad to narrow, general to specific, their history, the characteristics of the com- complete to selective, or complex to simple, munities served, their social or scholarly and that every bibliographical scheme repre- goals, the kinds and levels of the services sents a point on each continuum-a scope they perform, and the peculiarities of their and completeness of coverage, a detail of administration, management, and operation. vocabulary, a specificity of entry, and a full- This might sound like the traditional, and ness of description. The core program would often berated, "introduction to librarianship" introduce students to the nature of these that takes up the several types of libraries elements and their continuums, compare their one by one, competitively, and conveys no applications in selected bibliographies, cata- meaningful relationships among them, but I logs, and indexes of widely different kinds have something different in mind. On the and purposes, and analyze the reasons for the one hand, the program would cover informa- differences observed. In this way the ele- tion centers, data banks, and the like, as well as conventional libraries. But more impor- erating effectiveness. The managers and op- tantly, it would follow a topical outline in erators of libraries and information centers drawing comparisons among the several types would concentrate in the third area, along of institutions. There would be less emphasis with personnel directors and data processors, on the types of libraries as such as on the and researchers in the design of information diversity of scholarly and social environ- systems. The specialists by type of library- ments, the wide range of reading interests the academic, the public, the industrial, the and needs, and the different extensions and school, and so on-would look back over all intensions of service that explain the institu- three areas as they relate to the design of in- tional forms that libraries take. With this stitutions for service to particular communi- background, a student could move on into ties of readers. general administrative or technological spe- cializations and to specializations by type of Some Implications library with an early appreciation of the en- There are three implications of this ap- vironmental variables upon which the design proach that would have to be reckoned with of all information systems should rest. in a detailed curriculum revision. These three core programs, then, suggest First is the likelihood that, after the core a basic curricular structure that might bring programs had been taken, students who were the older content of librarianship and the specializing in fields other than the practice of newer content of docun~entation and infor- conventional librarianship could probably not mation science into a rational and mutually be required to take as much - constructive relationship. In the area of books ing and reference as some schools now re- and readers, or of information and its users, quire. Beyond a certain point, these tradi- there could be a survey of the major forms tional courses would have to be viewed as and movements of publication, their origins elective specializations that are parallel to in the history of scholarship, and the princi- other elective specializations, such as index- pal uses to which they are put. In the area of ing and literature searching in science and the intellectual organization of recorded technology. To all specializations, including knowledge, there would be a comparative conventional librarianship, the new core pro- study of catalogs, bibliographies, and in- grams would provide general introductions. dexes, both conventional and unconventional, Second is the certainty that no such cur- with respect to common variables, such as riculum as is here envisaged, with extensions scope, vocabulary, entry, and description, and backward into still more generalized intro- with emphasis upon the treatment of those ductory courses and forward into still more variables for different purposes. And in the intensive specializations, could be completed area of libraries and information centers as in one year of graduate study. At least a full institutions, there would be a topical com- quarter of newly organized content would parison of institutions by their origins, the precede the beginning of the present curric- types of communities served, the kinds and ulum, and the subsequent programs in at levels of service required, and other en\won- ' least the new specializations would have to mental factors that determine the design of be expanded. My guess is that we would information systems. have to plan for two full years of graduate I have suggested also some of the special- study for the basic professional degree. izations in each of these three areas, and there And third is the probability that under- are both conventional and unconventional graduate, or even graduate, subject prereq- specializations in each. The subject literature uisites would soon have to be specified for specialists, for example, would concentrate some specializations, particularly those that in the first area, along with reference and emphasize subject literature fields or use un- acquisition librarians and researchers in the familiar techniques from other disciplines. scholar's use of books and information. Li- Librarianship could become a deeper and brary catalogers would concentrate in the broader discipline if its basic studies were second area, along with bibliographers and first detached from institutional applications coordinate indexers, and researchers in file and then adapted to the widest range of organization and the measurement of file op- service situations and technologies. Information Science interfaces with the library primarily through the tech- nology. However, the scientific base is an important context within which librarianship as an academic discipline must be embedded. There are five areas where information science and technology interact with librarianship and library education: systems analysis; environmental context; information channels; the naming, labelling, or classification process; and the man-system interface. The major effect that information science will have on librarianship will be strategic rather than substantive. Library schools now have the op- portunity to lead the profession. Concomitant with this effort will be a funda- mental change in the profession, both as it is taught and as it is practiced.

The Interfaces Between Librarianship and Information Science and Engineering

ROBERT S. TAYLOR

Shannon and Wiener and I librarianship that concerns us here. It is Have found it confusing to try necessary first however to clarify some mis- To measure sagacity conceptions as to the role of information And channel capacity science. by 2 pi log Pi. Librarianship and related professions tend Behuuioral Science, to view the information sciences as concerned Vol. 7, p. 395 (1962) solely with their information-processing ac- tivities. This is confusing the application IKE THE Vermont (or pick your state) with the science. Information science is not L farmer who, when asked if he believed concerned with the development of informa- in baptism, replied, "Why, sure, I seen it tion-handling systems, but rather with the done," the layman "seen it done" at the explication of system and environment. In World's Fair two years ago. But that was contrast, information engineering deals with merely a small but artful demonstration of the design of systems for handling messages, what a library might look like and do. It both in real time and retrospectively. Both said nothing about the intellectual apparatus are concerned with the generation, organiza- necessary to support a true library system of tion, storage, and dissemination of messages, this type, nor of the technology and systems but for different purposes. It is through the knowledge required. It is this support, i.e., technology that the science interfaces with information science, and its interaction with the library. The information revolution im- plied in this technology is very real and Mr. Taylor is Director of highly pertinent to all forms of librarianship the Ceizter for the Infor- and to the library schools. mution Scieuce~ at Le- A second misconception is that informa- high Uniz~ersrrity, Bethle- tion science and engineering is generally hem, Peiznsylvania. His viewed, in its relation to libraries, as directed paper is based 012 work. only toward retrieval or management infor- done at the Center ia the mation systems, and serving a rather small dez~elopmentof cz~rrict/la segment of interests. This view, properly so, in the infor?n&oiz sciemes supported by the has tended to restrict its impact on library hrational Science Fomzddon, nuder graizt schools, and is dependent principally on the mtmber GE-2569. view that libraries have of themselves and the image (factual or otherwise) that ad- turally deprived" or with information in sup- ministrators have of libraries. Despite the port of technologically emerging countries, rhetoric, libraries still tend to be warehouses. this question is of crucial importance. It may, Within this context, it may be necessary to as Marshall MacLuhan implies, require a broaden this image, to include information total change from the hot linearity of a book- switching centers, built not around a storage based culture. Library schools consequently mechanism but a dynamic interchange or should be deeply involved in these changes. network both of libraries and of people. Libraries as institutions. like individual hu- There are five areas where information man beings, operate in a sea of information, science and technology interacts with librar- selecting, organizing, and storing items on ianship and library education: systems analy- some presumably rational basis. New insights sis ; environmental context ; informaticn chan- to this context are being gained through com- nels; the naming, labelling, or classification munication theory and through the inchoate process ; and the man-system interface. These sociolcgical models of information process- are not mutually exclusive categories, but ing systems. convenient pigeonholes for discussion. In discussing iufomation channels, it must In spems analysis, we are concerned with be realized that libraries in the Dast have the design and development of models and been centered around only one channel-the simulation techniques for studying the li- published literature. The advent and growth brary, parts of it, or larger configurations of special libraries, of document and infor- such as the library nets implied in EDUCOM. matibn centers independent of the library, It would be a mistake to view the automation and of educational materials centers-all of of library processes as a major objective of these outside the library tradition-imply that this category of study. In fact, automation in librarians, by conscio~slyor uncon~ciously libraries will have a more important result limiting themselves to one form only, the than mere mechanization. The real benefit book. have excluded themselves from much will come in the sophisticated systems insight of the dynamism affecting the formal com- we gain of libraries, their services and proc- munication of information. Even the word esses. This will give not only a better body documentation itself im~lies a restricted of systems data for prediction, but will also form, regardless of the connotations that allow the library to be understood in the have accrued around the word. It may be larger communication context as a social in- that this form restriction is a maior contraint stitution in the educational, cultural, and on librarianship. It tends to emphasize the innovative process. And how can this be re- grocery-store aspects of the profession, flected in library education? Systems courses rather than the substantive aspects. should be primary vehicles for teaching an It should be apparent that the packages attitude or approach to certain library prob- handled by librarians in which information, lems. As such they should not be mere how- factual or fanciful, comes in are no longer to-do-it or equipment courses or automation the major channels of communication. In- courses. deed, historically speaking, it is debatable In considering the second area, that of whether the book ever did occupy an im- environment, we are primarily concerned Dortant Dosition in the democratic sense. It with the social contexts and social processing appears that most of the scientific communi- of knowledge, with the requirements of vari- cation takes place outside the library and that ous segments of society, and indeed of vari- libraries never did serve the engineer." The ous types of societies and levels of techno- development of educational materials centers logical development. No one, to this writer's knowledge, has touched, for example, the * R. S. Taylor, editor. Information management in extremely important problem of the rela- engineering education. Proceedings and recom- tionship between a) information resources mendations of the Conference on Information and services, and b) technological develop- Sources, Systems and Media in Engineering Edu- ment, and c) cultural attitudes toward in- cation, held at Lehigh University, May 19-20, 1966. Sponsored by the American Society for En- formation, knowledge, and education. As we gineering Education and Lehiph University. Beth- become concerned with service to the "cul- lehem, Pennsylvania, August 1965. SPECIALLIBRARIES in elementary and secondary schools seems to With all of this it is important to remem- be taking place outside the library, or at ber that the library is but one application of least the librarian is a passive rather than an information science, However. if we use a innovative participant. The beginnings of generic concept of librarianship, as encom- Dial-Access and Computer-Assisted Instruc- passing the processing and dissemination of tion systems in schools and colleges are de- formalized messages, embedded in a larger veloping with very little interest by either communications context, librarians will have librarians or library schools.~Where it does more freedom of movement and a more ef- appear, as in the Library College Newsletter fective and realistic pedagogical and academic (no. 7, July 1966) and in conferences at position. Jamestown and Drexel, it is almost a bootleg The profession prefers to think of itself operation, a most heartening one. It should as rooted in a humanistic tradition. Those be noted however that ma&, maior, techno- ties, in reality, have become increasingly logical innovations started out as bootleg weakened over the past fifty years by the at- operations. tention paid to techniques and specialized Study and innovation in the ~zuming,h- operation. Much of the ferment and dissat- belling, or classificatio?z process has, with isfaction of the past ten years, the growth of some notable exceptions, passed out of the documentation and information science and hands of librarians to the logician, the lin- engineering, have been part of the search for guist, and the mathematician. Recent trends, a base. This base must be intellectually satis- however, indicate that this may be moving fying and academically acceptable, and must back into the librarv schools. It would be serve to break down the s~ecializationof Ii- ironic, however, if this should happen at the brary types. A new set of specializations, moment when on-line system development based on new technologies and new views of and related dynamic inno&ions should make the library, must begin-to develop. It is pos- static classification and indexing concepts sible that these new specializations already archaic. This illustrates the interrelationship have developed without the knowledge of of these areas. One cannot deal effectiveiv the schools. with the naming process without seeing it in The major effect that information science the context of interaction between the system will have on librarianship will be strategic and the user. Despite lip service to the user, rather than substantive. This is not cynicism, at present it is he who must adapt, not the but rather an acknowledgement that mean- system. ingful and permanent substantive change in Under the rubric. the man-system inter- professional education only comes from a face, we are concerned with the whole series position of academic and political strength, of interactions that take place between the and that the impetus for change comes either user and whatever side -the svstem turns from the professional fringes or from out- toward him. This may be the card catalog, an side the profession entirely. The center does index, a C-R-T display, a reference librarian, not change unless forced to. a book. As a latter-dav reflection of recent Based inthis as background, four observa- concern with the human side of this inter- tions on this interface can be made. The first face, this can range from human factors en- is that information science offers a much gineering to studies of self-organizing sys- broader view of librarianship. The breadth, tems, from informal communication nets to admittedly, might spread it too thin. How- question-answering systems. The present re- ever, careful choice of meaningful areas of sponse of library schools to this area are concentration will serve as points of develop- courses on reference sources and readers' ment. In a pedagcgical sense, information services. As yet, very little attention has been science implies a movement away from tech- paid to the dynamic processes involved. nique cou;ses and very possibly toward an entirely new curricula grouping based on the t See, for example, Dial-Access Information Re- types of processes discussed in this paper, trieval Systems For Education Newsletter, pub- rather than types of libraries. lished by the Center for the Creative Application of Technology to Education, College Station, The second is the sense of dynamism, of Texas. involvement in the beginnings of what will be a major change in our culture, as profound The final observation has to do with the as the typographic revolution of the Renais- reverse side of this interface. In order to di- sance. Librarians and library schools must rect information science and technology to not only be knowledgeable about relevant his interests, the librarian must define his technological and scientific changes, but must problems in management, resource alloca- participate in them. tion, decision-making, processing, dissemina- Thirdly, perhaps more than anything else, tion, and services. library schools need laboratories and experi- Library schools are beginning to have the mental systems where equipment can be used opportunity to lead the profession in ways and evaluated in operating situations. Some never available before. However, concomi- portion of library school graduates must be tant with this opportunity is a fundamental completely immersed in experimental systems change in the profession, both as it is taught design. and as it is practiced. LTP Reports to SLA I Automation Survey the Cardmaster Card Duplicator. A new con- A report on the survey of data processing tract in the amount of $44,000 has been equipment prepared for the ~ocumentation signed with Buyers Laboratory. The contract Division of SLA and the Library Technology covers new testing and republication rights Program by Creative Research Services, Inc., to reports on additional testing done by the has been printed. The survey was made pri- laboratory in its own program. marily to serve the purposes of the SLA Library Furniture Manual Division and LTP as a first stet, toward iden- tifying library functions that are automated An extension and expansion of the project, and places in which they are operational. begun several years ago, to produce a manual Orders for the survey, entitled The Use of on library furniture, is under way. The new Data Processing Egzlipment by Libraries and approach will include a wider range of equip- Information Centers, should be sent to the ment and furniture for libraries than the Library Technology Program, 50 East Huron earlier project did. The project is being St., Chicago 60611. Payment, in the amount funded by a new grant of $13,976 from the of $10.00 a copy, should be made payable to Council on Library Resources. the American Library Association. Payment Donald Bean, a consultant on library plan- in advance would be appreciated. ning and construction, will prepare the man- The report includes detailed tables show- ual. Subjects to be reported on in the manual ing libraries using electronic accounting ma- include: the nature -of basic library equip- chine equipment and automated data process- ment; manufacturing methods for wood ing equipment, analyzed by function and furniture, metal equipment, and upholstery; type of equipment employed. An article preliminary steps in the purchasing proce- based on the report will appear in an early dure ; obtaining quotations or bids ; selecting issue of Special Librdries. contractors ; completing the purchase ; and delivery and instailation problenx. Library Technology Reports Scheduled completion date for the project A report on electric erasers is one of the is December 3 1, 1968. features of the January issue of LTP's Libmry LTP Annual Report Technology Reports. The new report super- sedes all material on this subject published Interested persons may request individual previously in the Reports. The January Re- copies of LTP's Seventh Annual Report from ports also carries an evaluation on the Re- LTP. A limited supply is available. cordak Filmcard Reader Model PFC-66, a MRS.GLADYS T. PIEZ,General Editor report on the new Chiang Stencil Duplicator, Library Technology Program and a summary of a survey of the users of American Library Association, Chicago To the Beginners Belong the NLW Spoils

Enthusiasm more than beginners luck netted the Research Division Library of Waddell & Reed, Kansas City, Missouri, top honors in the 1966 SLA National Library Week Publici Contest, s onsored by the General Motors Company, who furnisX ed a $75 f!rst-prize check to the Heart of America Chapter.

AUDELL & Reed's Ccntinental Research and the library plays an important role in the WD.lvlslon. . Library is a relatively new work of all of these people. addition to the company and takes a genu- National Library Week was a brilliant suc- ine interest in the individuals who are most cess. People realize that the library is im- closely involved. We, the library staff, feel portant and efficient and that it is a necessity that if others are to take notice of the li- if everyone is to work with unity. It has be- brary, first we must give them a reason. come a realization that the library is not only Our library is run quite efficiently, and we a storage bin but also an ever-growing nu- feel that it is worthy of acknowledgement, cleus of the company. use, and recognition. SYLVIAALLBRITTON, Librarian Our theme, READ, was that of National Library Week, and our main objectives were;

1. to introduce the entire company, not only "The Word Is Out That Reading our division, to the library Is In" 2. to create a working knowledge of the large scope of information housed within So says the National Library Week our ever-expanding boundaries Steering Committee. For the theme of 3. to encourage the use of the library not the tenth anniversary Week, the dual only for this particular week but for the motifs of EXPLORE INNER SPACE- entire year READ and READING IS WHAT'S HAPPEN- 4. to stress the point that to read is to grow, ING have been chosen. and the employee as well as the company April 16-22 has been designated Na- must grow tional Library Week for 1967, and price lists and order forms for posters, We began the week by handing out ink streamers, bookmarks, and mobiles will blotters. To have the blotters personally de- be available after January 1 from Pro- livered seemed to be a more friendly and motion Aids Brochure, National Li- casual gesture. brary Week Program, One Park Ave- We were fortunate to have the help of nue, New York 10016, to help tell the the publicity department in the publication story. of an article concerning the history, material, Within the framework of the over- and use of the library, and the members of all effort to bring about a better-read, the staff. The article was printed in the com- better-informed America, the NLW pany paper preceding NLW. An article also Steering Committee also identified two appeared in the monthly paper distributed specific areas to be emphasized during to all branches of the company. the coming program year: the recruit- A new poster was displayed every day out- ment, education, and effective place- side the library entrance ; this created interest ment of professional librarians ; and and enthusiasm in that people came by the the concept of total community access library to see what each day's poster would be. to a variety of reading resources for in- Our patrons consist chiefly of analysts. formation as well as enjoyment. fund managers, secretaries and statisticians.

JANUARY 1967 1967 CONVENTION

An Invitation

T HAS BEEN too long since the Special Libraries Association has had its Annual Con- I vention in New York. There have been great changes in the city since we met here in 1952 at the Statler Hotel. That hotel has now been absorbed by the Hilton chain and Pennsylvania Station is being torn down to make way for Madison Square Garden. Sorry, the Garden won't be ready for you in May, but the trains will be weaving their way un- derneath the construction. The 1967 Convention-May 28 to June 2-is moving north to another hotel and am other terminal, which luckily still stands. The hotel is the Commodore and the terminal you all know is Grand Central Station. A warm welcome awaits you in the host city. New York is so many things, and has spcial libraries relating to most of them, that we thought we couldn't choose a better theme for the Convention than that of the Special Libraries Association itself-"Putting Knowledge to Work." We are trying, as all loyal and patrictic convention committees do, to represent some of our city's infinite variety in the program. One of the highlights of the convention will be the keynote speaker at the opening general session-Thomas P. F. Hoving, Administrator of Recreation and Cultural Ac- tivities, a medieval scholar turned public servant and apparently loving it. Also, we're planning a tour of , just completed this year, and in conjunction with it an evening concert at the new Philharmonic Hall. The annual scholarship benefit being arranged by the Metals/Materials Division will be that famous boat ride around Man- hattan Island, replete with what European visitors call "those wonderful sausages." In the broade; vein there will be ;general session on the meaning of automation to all of us. Divisions have not only been planning programs and visits in their specialties, but also some exciting joint sessions on subjects of wide interest such as World Population, Patents, Microforms, and the Financial Problems of Special Libraries. And there will be a formal luncheon instead of a banquet. New York has been affectionately dubbed "Fun City" by our Mayor. For this reason we have left some evenings free to enjoy "Gay Gotham" to the hilt, and the innumerable opportunities for pleasure and culture which it has to offer. Your host Chapter-New York-looks forward to greeting all of you in New York for the 58th Annual Convention of the Association. JAMES HUMPHRYI11 Convention Chairman

Miss McGowan Mr. Berry and Miss Stoops Miss Dodge 5 0 SPECIALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Convention Chairman JAMESHUMPHRY 111, Chief Librarian The Metropolitan Museum of Art Deputy Chairman MRS.VIVIAN D. HEWITT,Librarian Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Miss Ferguson, Mr. Humphry, Mrs. Fuller Program I~IJZABETHFERGUSON, Librarian Institute of Life Insurance Treasurer KATHERINE DODGE,Librarian McCann-Erickson, Inc. Assistant Treasurer THEODORESLATE, Librarian Newsweek Magazine Exhibits DOROTHYL. MCGOWAN,Research Librarian Compton Advertising, Inc. Hospitality ELEANORK. IRWIN,Librarian Union Club Information Mr. Slate, Mrs. Hewitt, Miss Irwin MRS. ELEANORF. STEINER-PRAG,Editor American Library Directory R. R. Bowker Company Local Arrangements FRANCESJ. BROWN,Head, Financial Library First National City Bank hieals and Banquet LOUISE STOOPS,Librarian United States Steel Corporation Printing JEANDEUSS, Reference Library Federal Reserve Bank of New York Publicity JOHN BERRY R. R. Bowker Company Registration JANETM. RIGNEY,Asst. Librarian Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. Transportation and Tours ROBERTM. BROOKS,Librarian Donaldson, Lufkin, & Jenrette, Inc. NEW YORK CHAPTER OFFICERS President S. KIRK CABEEN,Asst. Director Engineering Societies Library President-Elect JANETM. RIGNEY Treasurer LEEW. TRAVEN,Librarian Sinclair Oil Corporation Bulletin Editor VIRGINIAM. BERSAGEL,ASSOC. Librarian Institute of Life Insurance Convention Executive Committee MR. CABEEN,MISS FERGUSON, MISS DODGE MRS.MARGARET H. FULLER,Librarian American Iron and Steel Institute MARYMARGARET REGAN, Reference Librarian Young & Rubicam, Inc. Miss Brown, Mr. Traven, Mrs. Steiner-Prag MARGARETM. PRICE,CPA, became Director of the SLA Fiscal Services Department on December 12, replacing Daniel A. Sipe, Acting Director interim. Miss Price is a 1950 graduate of Fordham University in New York City. She holds a B.S. in accounting ,* and is currently working on prerequisites for an M.B.A. at Col- lege of the City of New York. Miss Price received her certificate as a Certified Public Accountant in May 1966, and has done inde- pendent accounting work during and after college. Prior experi- ence was with Johnston International Publishing Corporation, Arthur Andersen and Company, Clarke Oakes & Greenwood, and William Sloane Association. Miss Price makes her home in Manhattan.

MARGUERITEVON GEYR,who has been a part-time bibliographer for Sped Libraries during the past several months, became Publications and Public Relations Assistant on January 1, 1967. Miss von Geyr is a graduate of the University of Leipzig, majoring in languages and political science and minoring in journalism. She has done graduate work in Irish history and political science at Trinity College in Dublin, and Cork City College, Ireland. She has had a variety of editorial, translation and other business experience in Europe and the United States, and her most recent position before coming to SLA was as Administrative Assistant for the ASA Sectional Committee 239. Miss von Geyr has also been Assistant Editor and Executive Secretary to the Director of the Book Editorial Department at Colliers Encyclopedia and Assistant to the Dean of the Pratt Institute Li- brary School. Miss von Geyr has been a resident of Greenwich Village for several years.

EDYTHEC. POKPA(see photo at left), former Publications and Public Relations Assistant, is currently at the University of Col- orado, Boulder, working toward a Ph.D. in anthropology. Miss Porpa recently received her M.A. degree in anthropology from Hunter College of the City of New York. She has been at Asso- ciation Headquarters since April 1962 and a resident of the Vil- lage for many years.

Rio Grande's H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award Entry 1966

The Rio Grande Chapter interpreted The The Governor's Second Annual Confer- Special Librarian-Vital Communications ence on Industrial and Economic Develop- Key more as a vital link, sometimes first in ment, October 7-8, 1965 (number of con- the communications chain and often holding ferees 400). New Mexico's Department of other links together. We decided early that Development invited the Chapter to prepare one of our most effective communicational an exhibit for the Governor's Conference. services in the Rio Grande area would be Emphasis was placed on the Association and performed through aggressive contact with Chapter publications and services. the leaders of various organizations. New Mexico Department of Develop- ment. Two conferences were held during Association. Such joint meetings help keep October 1965 by the Chapter President and open communication channels with the sec- two members with the Director of the New ondary school, public, and academic librar- Mexico State Division of Industrial Develop- ians of the state. ment on methods of lifting the economy of Southwestern Union List of Serials. This small communities through the establishment is a regional union list of serial holdings as of special libraries or the expansion, on a reported by the twenty-four participating li- funded basis, of existing libraries. braries in New Mexico and El Paso, Texas. Regional Workshop on the Report Lit- SWULS was sponsored by the Rio Grande erature, October 30-November 2, 1965 Chapter, Special Libraries Association and (number of conferees 100). This workshop the Albuquerque Library Association and was sponsored jointly by the Rio Grande published December 1965. Chapter and the Science-Technology Division Radio and Television Interviews. Chapter of the Special Libraries Association. More cooperation was offered to the New Mexico than one hundred registered for the work- Library Association and the New Mexico shop, most of whom represented government State Committee for National Library Week. agencies or government contract industries. As a result, a video-taped interview with a However, about 10 per cent were from col- panel of four librarians was broadcast by lege and university libraries. two Albuquerque stations (KOB-TV and Hosts for the SLA Midwinter Meeting of KNME-TV) on April 21, 22, and 24. The the Board of Directors and the Advisory work of special libiaries was emphasized. A Council, January 20-22, 1966 (number of radio interview was held with cne Chapter conferees 80). The Rio Grande Chapter was member and broadcast by KOB on April 18. host to some eighty Special Library Associa- Another live radio interview with one Chap- tlon officers. This helped to impress the sig- ter member was broadcast by Station KGGM nificance of libraries on the community on April 19. Radio listeners of this last in- through releases to the news media and terview were given the opportunity to phone served to familiarize special librarians from in questions for immediate answers. around the country with the work of this NASA Technology Applications Center. Chapter. During the year a NASA Technology Appli- The American Legion's Western Area Eco- cations Center was established in Albuquer- nomic Conference, January 28-30, 1966 que. Consultations between three Chapter (number of conferees 150). Representatives members and the Center's Director were hzld from fifteen states attended the American to guide the Center in the growth of its re- Legion's Western Area Economic Confer- search resources and services and to indoc- ence in Albuquerque. The need for special trinate its officers in the library resources librarians was brought to the attention of the available throughout the Chapter area. 150 conferees by three members of the Chap- Services of libraries in general and special ter who manned our display and distributed librarians in particular were brought home materials appropriate to the Conference. to many not previously aware of them. Vital Joint Meeting of the New Mexico Library contacts, made with the leaders and members Association and the Rio Grande Chapter, of these organizations, should result in future March 30-April 1, 1966 (number of con- cooperation. Our aim to improve access to ferees 160). The Chapter has scheduled one information resources in the Chapter regicn meeting each year to coincide with the an- and to encourage their use by a widx audi- nual meeting of the New Mexico Library ence was met. This Works for Us . . .

Photocopying for Routing Slips Now a routing slip is completed by adding volume, number, date, and date routed. When we faced the problem of too much When the journal returns, no charge needs work at the Circulation Desk-not quite to be pulled, the routing slip is removed and enough to hire an additional hand and too the journal is shelved. much for the present staff-we began to re-examine some of our existing procedures. Our immediate need was to speed up the routing of over five hundred periodicals to Routing slips required : some three hundred technical staff members. We were using a two-part charge form, a 20 dailies 5000 slips per year blue slip (self carbon) and a white card, 55 weeklies 2860 slips per year with a perforated tear-off top. For each copy 45 semi-monthlies 1118 slips per year of each periodical circulated, a staff member 170 monthlies 2040 slips per year wrote or typed the title, copy volume, num- 72 bi-monthlies 432 slips per year ber, date, and date charged, along with names 143 quarterlies 572 slips per year of individuals to whom the journal would circulate. The blue slip was stapled to the 4 semi-annuals 8 slips per year journal cover. The white card was counted 1 annual 1 slip per year and filed in the circulation file. When the - -- periodical returned to the library, the slip 5 10 periodicals 12,031 slips per year was removed from the cover, the charge card pulled from the file, and the journal returned to the shelf. Time-consuming steps were 1) Estimated cost in reproduction : listing the names for routing, 2) filing and pulling the circulation charges, and 3) Plates shelving. Xerox Our first step was to eliminate the filing Paper and pulling of individual charge cards for journal routing. This meant we had to as- Total $60.00 per year sume a journal was routed if not on the shelf, or not charged out. However, we did keep a master charge (using the second part of the charge form only) noting title, copy Estimated time : number, and names. Since routing was done all within one building, journals could be Used in Reproduction : tracked down and retrieved when necessary. 1 hour for 600 slips This saved us one hour of staff time a day. 20 hours for 12,000 slips Our next step was to reproduce routing slips from the master charge. With in-house facilities, multilith plates were made on the Xerox machine. Copies were run off on a Saved in Library: 1250 multilith and cut to the size of the original master. This provided two weeks of 2 hours a day routing slips for dailies, four months for 500 hours a year weeklies, and over a year for monthlies. Minor changes could be made in ink. More than one change called for a new master card MRS.RUTH S. SMITH,Chief to be typed and sent to reproduction. Routing Open Library slips reproduced in this way saved another Institute for Defense Analyses Library hour of staff time each day. Arlington, Virginia Have You Hemd . . . LC Recordings Catalog Study has been approved for level I1 certification The Library of Congress recently received a by the Medical Library Association. Appli- $3,000 grant from the Council on Library cants must be United States citizens and hold Resources, Inc., to study the feasibility of master's degrees from American Library creating a master catalog for its of Association accredited library schools. Ap- Folk Song through the use of computer tech- plications, which have a March 15 deadline, nology. It is expected that the use of auto- may be obtained from Louise Darling, mated methods will permit cataloging in Librarian. greater depth for each item and that the Coming Events master catalog could be used to produce bibliographies and a variety of other refer- A CONFERENCEON LIBRARY SCHOOL ence tools. TEACHINGMETHODS: EVALUATION OF STU- DENTS,sponsored by the Graduate School of Large Type Weekly Edition of "Times" Library Science and the Division of Univer- sity Extension, University of Illinois, will be Starting March 6, 1967, the New York held April 9-12, 1967, at the Illini Union on Times will publish a Large Type Weekly edi- the Urbana campus. This conference for tion for readers with limited vision. The 24- teaching faculty and administrative officers page tabloid-size newspaper will contain of library science programs is limited to specially edited material from the regular ninety participants, and the registration fee, editions of the Times and is available on a which includes Sunday dinner, is $30. Ap- subscription basis only. The one-year rate is plications and further information are avail- $29, and nine-month, six-month, and three- able from Conference Supervisor Timothy month subscriptions can also be purchased. Sineath, 112 Illini Hall, Champaign, Illinois There will also be a 25 per cent discount on 61822. ten or more subscriptions going to the same address. Orders can be sent to the Large The American University's INSTITUTE ON Type Weekly, Times Square, New York VITAL RECORDSPROTECTION, sponsored by 10036. the Center for Technology and Administra- tion in cooperation with the National Archives Library Assistantships and Traineeships and Records Service and the Association of The University of Florida Libraries is oflet- Records Executives and Administrators, will ing several graduate assistantships for the be held February 13-16, 1967, at the Na- 1967-68 academic year, primarily for practic- tional Archives Building. The tuition fee is ing, professional librarians interested in study $150 and includes background materials and a final luncheon. For further information leading to a master's or doctoral degree in a subject field other than library science. Sti- write to the Center at 2000 G Street, N.W., pends of $2,400 are awarded for a nine- Washington, D. C. 20006. month work-study period, requiring fifteen hours of library duty per week. Holders of SDC Storage and Retrieval System assistantships are exempt from out-of-state BOLD (Bibliographic On-Line Display), a tuition fees but pay resident registration fees. document storage and retrieval system de- Applications, which must be returned by signed by System Development Corporation, February 15, may be obtained from the Di- Santa Monica, California, allows a user to rector of Libraries, Gainesville, Florida communicate directly with the computer to 32601. receive data from the stored document col- Four traineeships in medical librarianship lection. The user, located at a station equipped for 1967-68 are being offered by the Bio- with teletypewriter and display, communi- medical Library, University of California cates with the system in a language approxi- Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles mating everyday English, which results in 90024. The one-year work-study program showing him the major categories of infor- mation in the collection. Then a user can Documentation System for Nuclear Science request additional subcategories and browse The Centre for Information and Documenta- within a general or specific area of interest. tion of the European Atomic Energy Com- Dccument titles, authors, reference numbers, munity (EURATOM) has inaugurated an and abstracts can be requested. automatic documentation system covering nuclear science and technology. Bibliograph- Members in the News ical references from more than 400,000 LOUIS CANTER,formerly Manager, Library sources can be retrieved and a photocopy of and Information Services, General Dynamics- the abstracts can be sent to the requester. Convair, San Diego, is now in the newly created position of Manager, Library Section, Catholic Book Week in February Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Insti- Involvement Today-for Tomorrow is the tute of Technology, Pasadena, California. theme for the national observance of Catholic JOSEPH DAGNESE,Assistant Director of Li- Book Week, February 19-25, sponsored by braries for Technical Services, Massachusetts the Catholic Library Association. Catholic Institute of Technology, has taken a one-year Book Week kits are available at $2.00 each leave of absence to head the reorganization from CLA, 461 West Lancaster Avenue, of the Library at the Birla Institute of Tech- Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041. nology and Science, Pilani, India. MELVIN S. DAY, formerly Director of the Doc Inc. Library Liaison Service Scientific and Technical Information Division Documentation Incorporated, Bethesda. of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- Maryland, has recently established a Library ministration, has been appointed Deputy Liaison Service to answer technical questions Assistant Administrator of NASA's Office from the library world about advanced com- of Technology Utilization. puter applications in the field of library au- RICHARDHELFMAN, former Assistant Ref- tomation. erence Librarian at the Engineering Societies Library, New York City, has been promoted LETTER TO THE EDITOR to the position of Assistant Head of the ESL TRANSLATORSSTAMP OF APPROVAL Reference Department. Permit me to comment concerning a state- JEROMES. RAUCH, former Librarian at the ment in the paper by Dr. Gingold, A Trans- New Jersey College of Medicine and Den- lator's Guide to Better Translations (Specid tistry, Jersey City, has been appointed to the Libraries, November 1966). Dr. Gingold states newly created position of Director of the that no simple way exists "to find a reliable Medical Library at the University of Penn- translator, since no system for certifying or sylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia. accrediting translators exists in the United 5 tates." EMIL SCHAFERhas recently been promoted Please refer to a news item in Specia/ Li- from Assistant Head to Head of the Elec- hrnrie~,April 1966, page 258, announcing the tronic Properties Information Center that founding of the American Society of Scientific Hughes Aircraft Company operates in Culver and Engineering Translators (ASSET), 446 City, California, for the Air Force Materials South Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15221. Laboratory. Translators, who apply for membership, must submit samples of their work for evaluation. JOHANNATALLMAN, Engineering and Math- It is suggested that this represents a consider- ematical Sciences Librarian, UCLA, is on a able step toward certification and accreditation six-month Fulbright grant in Brazil where of translators. ASSET will be happy to furnish she will give a course on scientific documen- prospective clients with directories of their tation and the literature of science and tech- members, listing the language and area of nology at the Brazilian Institute of Bibliog- competence for each member. raphy and Documentation, Rio de Janeiro. She GERHARDP. SCHUCK-KOLBEN,Head will also help set up a library for the School Information Services of Cultural Communications at the Univer- Consolidation Coal Company sity of Sao Paulo. Library, Pennsylvania Oftbe Press. , ,

Book Reviews at a level below that of professional librarians; 6) qualitative standards to evaluate programs BONN, George S., ed. Library Education and of library education, library services, library Training in Developing Countries. Honolulu: positions, etc.; 7) clearer understanding by East-West Center Press, 1966. 199 p. pap. non-librarians and persons in authority of the $5.50. role and value of libraries and information A panoramic view of the nature, variety, services; 8) better communication and es- level, and content of education for Iibrarian- change of information, among librarians of ship in developing countries, especially those different countries, among librarians within of south and east Asia is presented in this re- a single country, and between librarians on port of the Conference on Library Education the one hand and non-librarians, adminis- and Training in Developing Countries, held trators, and the public on the other; and 9) at the University of Hawaii in May 1966. Pa- research on basic problems of libraries, library Ders were submitted bv nine Asian authors on services, and education for librarianship. the present situation and future needs and by Hawaii's role was outlined as follows: I) four United States librarians who have en- the development of an experimental, interna- gaged in aiding the development of library tional institute of library science with pro- training in the area and who reported on U. S. grams at the doctoral level for preparing li- programs of assistance, the contribution of brary science teachers for Asia; 2) special American librarianship to library education in seminars or training programs for library field Asia, and the potential of U. S. library schools workers, both Americans and natives, to con- in training foreign librarians. For comparative duct library technicians programs for workers purposes a report was given on the develop- in small libraries, perhaps with Peace Corps ment and present characteristics of the Inter- assistance; 3) possibility of the Hawaii Gradu- American Library School in Colombia as a ate School of Library Studies serving as a regional center especially useful for its special regional school, with assistance from the East- courses, its library for research and study, and West Center; 4) formal or informal affilia- its publications program. tion of the Hawaii school with Asian schools The papers provided background informa- to oromote ~rofessionalrelations and teacher tion for panel and general discussion of the exchange; and 5) using visiting experts from problems facing southeast Asian librarians in Asia at Hawaii to attract students from Asia their attempt to render better library services and those from the U. S. interested in Asia and in training personnel for that purpose. specialization. Nine librarians from the Asian countries, seven Three groups of conclusions were concerned U. S. librarians, and three observers from the with problems that can or should be put into U. S. participated in the conference under the practice in the individual countries, those ap- Chairmanship of Lester Asheim, with George propriate to the United States and Canada S. Bonn serving as Coordinator for the Con- especially, and those that can be implemented ference. in regional projects. Panel discussions were devoted to the ef- MARIETTADANIELS SHEPARD fectiveness of present Asian and U. S. pro- Associate Librarian grams and efforts, what can be done by Asian Pan American Union library schools to satisfy future needs, what Washington, D. C. the United States can do to help in regard to the needs for various kinds of libraries and for library training in particular. STEBBINS,KATHLEEN B. Personnel Adminis- The participants identified the following tration in Libraries, 2nd ed., rev., and largely specific needs: 1) more and better qualified rewritten by Foster E. Mohrhardt. New York: teachers of librarianship; 2) more and better Scarecrow Press, 1966. 373 p. $9.00. (LC teaching materials; 3) basic bibliographical 66-13740) and reference tools, and for increased and im- Like the first edition (1958), this work proved publication in general in their own starts with a delineation of personnel adminis- countries; 4) programs of training at an ad- tration and management and covers in nine vanced level to prepare librarians for high additional chapters: Recruitment and Selec- level professional and administrative positions; tion; Orientation and Training; Motivation; 5) programs of training of library technicians Communication; Work Habits; Executive De- velopment; Ratings, Appraisals, Evaluations; a reference source for librarv school students Retirement and Benefits; and Library Forms and as an orientation manual for the begin- and Records. Mohrhardt has added a chapter ning staff member. It may be a practical guide on Professionalism and Related Factors. The for supervisors, particularly those who have forms for Applications, References, Interviews, new responsibilities, and it may provide a com- Service Ratings, and so forth, in Appendix I, pendium for library administrators (general and the summaries of Personnel Practices, or special) who wish to compare practices Classification Plans, and Salaries in Major and consider changes in their personnel policies Public and County Libraries in Appendix or in their personnel records or forms. I1 have been brought up to date, as of June RUTH S. LEONARD,Associate Professor 1965. The Index has been extended by some of Library Science 130 entries. School of Library Science The practice of personnel administration is Simmons College demonstrated throughout by quotations or Boston, Massachusetts statements of authors and organizations that have made studies or engaged in research DOUGHERTY, Richard M. and HEINRITZ, programs relating to management and person- Fred J. Scientific Management of Library Op- nel. Although the many examples of personnel erations. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrew Press. practices relate to the large public library, 1966. $7.00. (LC 66-13741) they can be adapted to many library situa- "Scientific management principles and tech- tions-large or small-public, academic, or niques have not been entirely ignored by the special. About one third of the text has been library profession." However, the authors, rewritten or consists of additional quotations with adequate reason, feel that the potentials from recent sources. Mohrhardt has continued of analysis and measurement techniques used Stebbins' search for the relevant authority that in business and industry have been ignored by summarizes the point at issue or that empha- the majority of library administrators for sizes his own viewpoint. The plethora of cita- much too long. Dougherty, Acquisitions Li- tions outside the field of librarianship- -per Je brarian at the University of North Carolina, may be useful to the student. and Heinritz, Assistant Professor in the School The documentation, however, is uneven. of Library Science on the same campus, fore- Citations at the end of each chapter do not see the need for sound analysis and evaluation represent a complete bibliography of the ref- measures as an important prelude to automa- erences included in the text for that chapter, tion and do their best to provide the library and many references to authors or works in profession with a proper "cookbook" to lean the text have not been specifically identified or on. completely cited anywhere. Captions in the Techniques first applied by management ex- table of contents for the 1958 edition have been perts Taylor and Gantt to the problems of in- repeated in the 1966 edition, although revised dustrial organizations are employed in con- captions for most of the chapters are used. junction with library-oriented operations in Why not express the essence of the chapter what must be the first volume to do so. Among headed Work Habits by a modern caption other techniques the authors discuss the flow Employee Attitudes and Conduct? process chart, decision flow charting, opera- Unfortunately, lapses in proofreading, as tions analysis, forms control, and time and well as omissions and mistakes in page num- motion study, accompanying each presenta- bers in the index, are evident. More impor- tion with an adequate number of pertinent ex- tant, one cannot be sure that statements in the amples. Human engineering principles are not 1958 edition concerning personnel practices in presented, although the authors do suggest particular libraries have been verified for the that an analysis and rearrangement of work 1966 edition. Comparison of the paragraphs areas do contribute to appreciable gains in relating to the Detroit Public Library and the worker efficiency. Boston Public Library reveals no alterations. In an especially interesting chapter dealing Yet, practices described as current in 1956- with sampling techniques, the authors pose 1958 may well have been modified or termi- the problem of determining the number of nated in the interim, as in the case of the Bos- catalog cards in a catalog containing more ton Public Library's training program for than one thousand trays. They lead the reader higher grade positions that was discontinued step-by-step through the process of choosing a eight years ago. random sampling of catalog drawers, deter- As an account of the important elements mining the number of cards in these samples' present in a library enterprise, with emphasis drawers, and then calculating the approximate upon people, this work should be useful as number of cards in the catalog. RECENT REFERENCES CHANDLER,G. HOU~to Find Oui, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. New York: Pergamon Press Inc., 1966. Librarianship xiv, 198 p. illus $2.95. (L.C. 63-18932) Describes exitmples of sources of information ASTALL, Roland. Special Librarier and Informa- tion Bureaux. (Examination Guide Series No. 6.) on all subjects. Arranged by the main classes of the Dewey Decimal System, the guide is designed London: Clive Bingley, 1966. 72 p. 15s. (Avail- to aid students, industrial organizations, as well able at $3 from Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc., Harnden, Conn.) as the general reader. Nearly 200 new sources of information have been added to this revised edi- Another in a series of short books intended for use both in library school courses and for students tion. A subject-title-author index is appended. studying privately. Directed primarily at the DOMINIONBUREAU OF STATISTICS,EDUCATION British reader, the guide contains much in- DIVISION.Survey of Libraries, Part 11: Academic formation that should prove useful to any li- Libraries 1963-1964. Ottawa: 1966. 61 p. pap. brarian working in a special library. Chapter 3 charts. tables. 754. (Available from Queen's entitled special libraries outside the United King- Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, dom has a separate section on US. special librar- Canada) ies. Other chapters include information on build- The report covers libraries in 77 universities and ings, equipment, staff, and stock. Index. affiliated institutions, 28 technical institutes, 79 teachers' colleges, and 2,602 elementary and BALNAVES,John. Australian Libraries. Hamden, secondary schools. All information is presented Conn.: Archon Books, 1966. 96 p. $3.50. in both English and French and includes the re- A concise and vivid account of the Australian sults of a survey of 1965 library school graduates. library scene specially written for American readers. Discusses history and structure of library DOWNS, Robert B. (assisted by Elizabeth C. services and includes chapters on national and Downs). How to DO Library Re~earch. Urbana, state, public, academic, and special libraries. In- Ill. and London: University of Illinois Press, dex. 1966. 179 p. illus. $5.00 (38s.). (L.C. 66-13377) The first of 12 chapters describes university, BORDIN,Ruth B. and WARNER,Robert M. The public, and special libraries in the United States Modern Manuscript Library. New York and Lon- and lists 100 notable American libraries, most of don: Scarecrow Press, 1966. 151 p. Offset. 54.00. them university. The rest of the chapters deal (L.C. 66-13734) with the card catalog, periodicals, and reference The book is the outgrowth of the authors' ex- books for books, words, places, and people. periences with the Michigan Historical Collec- Specialized subject reference books addendum, in- tions at the University of Michigan. Chapters re- dex. late the who, what, how, and processing of collections, their administration, a publications FURLONG,Norman, ed. Library Practice for Col- program, and the role of the library and the re- leges of Education. London: Library Association, searcher and general public. Appendixes include 1966. 240 p. illus. 56s. (about $4.00). (42s. to forms used for various operations. Index. members of the Library Association) A manual for librarians in colleges of edu- BRACKEN,Marilyn C. and SHILLING,Charles W. cation in England. Chapters, written by different Education and Training of Information Specialists authors, cover library planning, staff, finances, in the USA. In Biological Sciences Communica- book and periodical selection, routine, photocopy- tion Project Communique. Washington, D. C.: ing, interlibrary loan, audio-visual aids, and work George Washington University, 1966. 70 p. pap. with students. Bibliography; index. APP ly. An analysis of programs in information science GROTZINGER,Laurel Ann. The Power and the given in the United States and a list of universities Dignity: Librarianship and Katharine Sharp. New and institutes with a description of their degree York and London: Scarecrow Press, 1966. 331 p. programs. Bibliography. $8.00. (L.C. 66-13735) Personal life, training, and professional achieve- CENTRALINSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC,TECHNICAL ments of Katharine Sharp (1865-1914), who AND ECONOMICINFORMATION. A Guide to the established the first school in the Midwest for the World's Training Facilities in Documentation and formal education of librarians at Amour Institute, Information Work (FID 373). 7 Hofweg, The Chicago, and was administrator of the library Hague, Netherlands: International-Federation for school and library at the University of Illinois. Documentation, 1965. xii, 218 p. pap. 20 guilders. Bibliography and index. Offset. (transl. by Stella Wojciechowska) The result of FID's Secretariat of the Training ISABELLA,Santina M. Education for Information Committee, who in 1963, under Polish auspices, Center Personnel in ALA Accredited Library collected material concerning schools, courses, Schools of the US. and Canada. Unpublished MS. and documentalist training programs from 36 thesis, Drexel Institute of Technology, 1964. iii, countries and UNESCO, International Association 100 p. typewritten (xerox). (Available on inter- of Documentalists and Technicians of Information library loan from SLA Headquarters) (AID), and the Scandinavian Council for Applied Most of the 21 schools place a major ernpha- Research (Nordforsk) . sis on the abstracting and indexing functions, Bookstore, 32nd and Chestnut Streets, Phila- and a calendar of events. Subscriptions are delphia, Pennsylvania 19104. Also issued by available from the publisher at $24 a year Drexel is the proceedings of an October 1965 ($32 for U.S. possessions, Canada, and conference held on Library Problems in Metro- postal union nations, elsewhere $36). A politan Areas, which is number 13 in the prepaid two-month trial offer is $3 ($3.50 Drexel Library School Series and is also avail- if billed), and a six-month charter subscrip- able from the Drexel Bookstore at $2.75 a tion is $9. COPY. MATHEMATICALBIOSCIENCES, an international University of Wisconsin Union List quarterly to be published by the American Elsevier Publishing Company, will appear in The Information Services Division of the Uni- early 1967. The journal will contain articles versity-Industry Research Program, University of both research and expository types devoted of Wisconsin, published a Union Li~tof Seri- to the formulation, analysis, and numerical nls and Periodicdls held at the chemistry, en- solution of mathematical models in the bio- gineering, geography-geology, and physics- sciences, including biology, physiology, bio- mathematics libraries. The 173-page volume, engineering, ecology, and psychology. Annual which contains approximately 4,600 journals subscription is $21.00 including postage, and and serial titles, is available at $5.00 a copy, further information may be obtained from the check made payable to the Engineering Li- publisher, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York brary, University of Wisconsin, from Frances 10017. K. Wood, Assistant Director, Information Services Division, University-Industry Re- NB, an international bibliography of science, search, 540 University Avenue, Madison is devoted to brief descriptions of new sci- 53706. entific publications contributed by publishers throughout the world. Gratis subscriptions to Data Processing Publications in Dallas NB-Editioz North America are limited to In cooperation with the Southern Methodist centers of interest in science. Subscriptions Fondren and Science Libraries and the Dallas for individuals are $5.00, and librarians Chapter of the Data Processing Management wanting descriptions ready for the prepara- Association, the Science and Industry De- tion of bibliographic cards are offered a partment of the Dallas Public Library has special Edition Bibliographia printed on cne produced Ddta Processzng Pahlicdtionr, a com- side only on gummed paper at $7.00 a year puter print-out bibliography of data process- for single subscriptions and $12.00 for ing monographs available for use in Dallas, double subscriptions. Orders should be sent Texas. The listing is sorted alpl~abetically by author and includes publication titles, pub- to Tinsley Crowder, Editor, IBIS/NB, Her- lishers, publication dates, and the indication engracht 403A, Amsterdam-C, Holland. of location in the Dallas Public Library, the SCIENCE STUDENT NEWS is a quarterly SMU Science Library, or the SMU Fondren journal dealing with relations between stu- Library. DPP is available from these libraries dents and industry, employment opportuni- on interlibrary loan. ties, book reviews, and other news of interest to science students. Subscriptions are $5.00 Journal Notes a year ($6.00 foreign), available from the COMMENTSON NUCLEARAND PARTICLE publisher, Harold M. Jones, 175 Fifth Ave- PHYSICS,a bimonthly published in January nue, New York 10001. by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, SOCIAL SCIENCE& MEDICINE,an interna- Inc., notes developments in the fields of tional quarterly to aid in the dissemination of particle, nuclear, and astro physics. Annual important research and theoretical work in all subscription rates are $10 for individuals areas of common interest to the socio-behav- and $20 for libraries. ioral sciences and medicine, has recently been COMPUTERPROCESSING UPDATER, a news- published by Pergamon Press. Articles will letter published twice monthly by Computer be published in English, French, Gzrman, or Publications, Inc., 816 West Olympic Boule- Spanish. Annual subscription rate for li- vard, Los Angeles, California 90015, reports braries, university departments, government current news in the electronic data processing laboratories, and other multiple-reader insti- field including employment, publications, tutions is $30; personal subscriptions are $15. Copies may be purchased at $1.00 each from SASS,S. Industrial Corporation Libraries. Journal James Wood, CAS, University Post Office, of Education fov Libsarianship, September 1966, Columbus 43210. p. 49-56. SMITH,Richard D. Paper Deacidification: a Prelim- "Statistical Reporter" Available to Public inary Report. Library Quavterl~,vol. 36, no. 4, Statistical Reporter, published by the Bureau October 1966, p. 273-92. of the Budget, became available to the public with the July 1966 issue. SR is oriented pri- Guide to Japanese Reference Books marily to federal personnel working on statisti- The Japanese counterpart of Constance M. cal programs, and contents include current Winchell's Guide to Reference book^ has been developments in these programs, major publica- translated and edited by Japanese library spe- tions, and important organizational changes. cialists with support from the Rockefeller Subscriptions are $2.25 a year, available from Foundation and Asia Foundation under the the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- direction of the International House of Japan. ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The translation is designed specifically for 20402. Foreign mailing is 75 cents extra, and those who do not read Japanese. Copies are single copies are 20 cents. $10.00 each and are available from the Ameri- can Library Association Publishing Depart- COSATI Revises Cataloging Standard ment, 50 East Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois Standard for Descriptive Cataloging of Goz,- 60611. ernment Scientific and Technical Report.r, re- Philadelphia JIM List z,ision number 1, October 1966 (PB-173 314), originally adapted for government use by the The Philadelphia Regional Group of the Medi- Committee on Scientific and Technical Infor- cal Library Association recently published its mation, is available from CFSTI at $1.00 a 1966 JIM List; Lirt of Journals Indexed in In- copy; 50 cents for microfiche. dex Medicm with Philadelphia Location.r. Checks for $3.00 should be made payable to SLA Authors MLA, Philadelphia Regional Group, and sent B.ALAY,Robert and GARDNER,John. An Inexpen- to Jacqueline Bastille, Smith Kline & French sive Information Retrieval System Using Coordina- Laboratories, 1500 Spring Garden Street, Phil- tion of Terms with Edge-Notched Cards. Collegr adelphia 19101. 6 Research Librarier, vol. 27, no. 6, November 1766, p. 464-9. Thesis Manual for Pharmaceutical Students BROWN,Jack E. Survey Milestone: National Li- The.ris Akm~alfor Students in the Pharma- braries. Library Jour~al,\01. 91, no. 20, November 15, 1966. p. 5525-28. ceutiml Srience.r, revised by Mrs. Theodora Andrews, Pharmacy Librarian at Purdue Uni- HARVEY,John F., co-author. Library School In- structor Evaluatinn. Collr~e6 Research Librarie.c, versity, is available at $1.50 per copy from vol. 27, no. 6, November 1966, p. 470-7. the Edward C. Elliott Hall of Music Box HUMPHRY,James 111. WLB Review of Books: Office, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana Books in the Field: Art. Wilson Library Bulletiri, 47907. The A.lanud includes two parts: 1) vol. 41, no. 3, November 1966, p. 296-309. suggestions on how to search the pharmaceuti- LENTZ, Robert T. A Broad Spectrum (Library cal literature for the preparation of theses and Education and the Shortage: A Symposium). Li- term papers, and 2) illustrations and sugges- brary Journal, vol. 91, no. 18, October 15, 1966. tions on bibliographic form and style for theses p. 4896-7. and term papers in schools of pharmacy, plus LIPETZ,Ben-Ami. Information Storage and Re- an annotated list of important indexing and trieval. Scientific American, vol. 215, no. 3, Sep- abstracting services with detailed information tember 1966, p. 224-42. about the use of Chemical Abstracts. MCADAMS,Nancy. Super-Librarian & Sub-Atchi- tect. Library Journal, vol. 91: no. 21, December Drexel Conference Proceedings 1, 1766, p. 5827-31. Drexel Institute of Technology's Graduate MCCLARREN,Robert, Co-author. Architectural School of Library Science has published Li- Checklist. Library Journal, vol. 91, no. 21, De- cember 1, 1966, p. 5832-7. brary Sercice fov the Undereducated, a report of a conference held in June 1965. The pur- R~cclo,Dorothy M. The Interrogation Process of On-line Information Transfer Systems. Proceed- pose of the conference was to alert 1ibrar;ans hzgs of the 29th Annual Meeting of the American to their role in the anti-poverty program and Documentation Institute, October 3-7, 1966. to stimulate them to participate in community American Documentation Institute, 1966, p. efforts in their field. Copies of the report are 367-72. $2.75, and orders should be sent to the Drexel For those librarians who face the problem Latin American Economics Periodical of systems analysis in the near future, the last Bibliography two chapters, which in turn analyze the dis- Periodicals for Latin American Economic De- crete elements of an existing circulation sys- velopment, Trade and Investment: An Anno- tem and then its prospective system replace- tated Bibliography, available from the Docu- ment, may alone be worth the price of the mentation Section of the Latin American book. Another bonus is that this is a text writ- Center at the University of California, Los ten by librarians for librarians. There is little Angeles 90024, at $2.50, contains full biblio- need, consequently, to translate terms used by graphic data and descriptions of two hundred a specialist in another discipline. nglish- and spanish-language periodicals The authors thoughtfully provide bibliog- ~ublishedmainIv in the western hemisphere. raphies to both industry-oriented and library- ?here are also he, subject, and geog;aphic oriented literature at the end of each chapter. indexes. A tolerable number of unimportant errors in no way detracts from the value of this volume International Library Directory which should be available to all library ad- The first World Gnide to Libraries, recently ministrators and systems analysts. published in Germany and now available ex- JOHNJ. MINITER clusiveIy in the United States and Canada School of Library Science from the R. R. Bowker Company, is published Texas Woman's University in two volumes-volume one lists European Den ton, Texas libraries and volume two covers libraries in America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Entries D. C. Special Libraries Directory are arranged alphabetically by country with The Washington, D. C., Chapter, Special the name and address of the library, year of Libraries Association, has announced the pub- founding, number of volumes, and subject lication and availability of the fifth edition of specialization. The 1,400 page, two-volume the Washington, D. C., Chapter Directory and set sells for $30 net postpaid. Handbook. This edition contains more than 270 listings of libraries and reference facil- Directory of Medical Free-Lance Editorial ities in the Washington metropolitan area to- Personnel gether with current addresses, phone numbers, The American Medical Writers' Association government tie-lines, and stop numbers. Ap- recently issued its Directory of Free-Lance proximately 600 Chapter members are listed Writers, Editors, and Researchers, listing in a separate section with organization affilia- names and addresses, type of service, and tion, Chapter Division and Group membership, field of specialization in the medical held. residence, office and home phone numbers. There is also a guide to the use of free-lance Other features include listings of SLA national talent explaining the reasons for using this officers, Chapters and Divisions, incumbent talent and how to make a selection. The Di- D. C. Chapter officers, committee chairmen, rectory is available on request from AMWA, group officers, and short narratives of both 2000 P Street, NW, Washington, D. C. 20036. the D. C. Chapter and the Special Libraries Association. Copies are available to SLA mem- Guide for Title Abbreviations bers at $2.00 each; and to nonmembers at Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, $5.00 per copy. Send check or money order has issued a Gnide for Abbreviating Periodi- made payable to: Washington, D. C. Chapter, cal Titles, which is based on ASA 239.5-1963: SLA, Benjamin Franklin Station, P. 0. Box American Stamdard for Periodicdl Title Ab- 287, Washington, D. C. 20044. breviations. The stapled, 44-page Guide con- tains the new abbreviations used by CAS in its Manual for Library Systems Analysis publications beginning in 1967. The first part Systems Analysis and Design as Related to includes general instructions for users, a list Library Operations, a lecturer's manual de- of words that generally will not appear in ab- signed for use at a symposium sponsored by breviated form, a list of words frequently en- the SLA Upstate New York Chapter, was pre- countered in the titles of congress proceedings pared by Edward A. Chapman and Paul L. that are generally omitted from the abbrevi- St. Pierre and published by the Rensselaer Li- ated title, and a list of the more commonly braries, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Al- used words for which the 239.5 abbreviation though the manual is now out of print it may is different from the abbreviation previously be borrowed from Association Headquarters used by CAS. The second part consists of a list on interlibrary loan. of words or word roots and their abbreviations. but, in general, the reference tools of science and classification, treatment of music in some general technology are widely taught, whereas the tech- schemes of classification, and author, description, niques of searching the literature are not. Appen- subject, and gramophone records cataloging. Glos- dixes include the ALA accredited library schools, sary, bibliography, index. cover letter and questionnaire, follow-up letter, UNITEDHOSPITAL FUND OF NEW YORK. Essen- and courses in the literature of the sciences. tials for Patients' Libraries, A Guide. New York: Bibliography. 1966. 104 p. $2.50. LEE, Robert E. Continuing Education for Adults Designed to provide practical aid in the estab- through the American Public Library, 18.33-1964. lishment or reorganization of patients' libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1966. Includes chapters on financial planning and operat- ix, 158 p. $7.50 (L.C. 66-18958) ing such libraries, on volunteer staffing, acquisi- The history of the American public library tions, cataloging and classification, circulation, from its origins in the middle of the 19th century extended services, and coordinating the library and the development of its services for its varied with other hospital departments. Companion users, emphasizing adult education. Selected bib- volumes to this guide, also published by UHF, are liography, index. Essentials for Hospital Auxiliaries, and Planning the Hospital Library. LINDEN,Ronald 0.Books and Libraries: A Gzdide for Students. New York: Philosophical Library, UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Em- Inc., 1966. ix, 308 p. $6. ployment Service. Occupations in the Field of Written for teachers, tutor-librarians, and stu- Library Science. Washington, D. C.: Superintend- dents the book provides helpful guidance to more ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, skillful and time-saving ways in finding and using 1966. v, 58 p. pap. 30d. reference materials generally found in school or Describes 22 library jobs as to occupational college libraries. Index. definition, educational and training requirements, and worker traits (aptitudes, interests, tempera- MILLARD,Patricia, ed. and comp. Modern Library ments, physical demands, and working condi- Equipment. London: Crosby Lockwood & Son tions). Positions include driver, chief Ltd., 1966. x, 216 p. illus. 45 s. (approx. $6.50). librarian, page, and librarians for special collec- Lists every type of equipment a modern library tions and research librarians in special libraries. is likely to use, including factual information on Four appendixes: Library Associations, Education the range of equipment available, prices, dimen- for Professional Librarianship, Library Schools, sions, and names and addresses of manufacturers. Library Periodicals. Bibliography on library Although this information covers equipment al- science and careers. most exclusivelp made and used in Britain, US. librarians may be interested in the numerous lay- WHATLEY,H. Allan. A Survey of the Major out illustrations and new ideas the book offers. Indexing and Abstracting Services for Library Science and Documentation. London: The Library MORSE,Grant W. The Concise Guide lo Library Association, 1966. 78 p. pap. 28s.; 21s. members. ltesearch. New York: Washington Square Press, Sixteen indexing and abstracting services 1966. x, 214 p. $5.95. (L.C. 66-10812) throughout the world are assessed, mainly on A guide for the "inexperienced college student" content, format, and time-lag. The author's general who wants to define his research problem and recommendations are: 1) a monthly or bimonthly seek the best sources. Morse also lists basic and abstracting service is preferred, 2) the service specific reference works and periodicals. Four should be published as a separate or detachable appendixes offer excerpts from carious indexes, supplement; 3) a survey is still needed to find examples of Dewey and LC classification systems, out what documentalists want in a service, and and additional aids. Index. 4) recording references for the sake of complete- ness is not justified. Bibliography and appendix MYLLER,Rolf. The Design of the Small Public of questionnaires used. Library. New York and London: R. R. Bowker, 1966. 95 p. illus. $10. (L.C. 66-20401) WHITTAKER,Kenneth, ed. Library Resources in Written by an architect, the book is mainly Greater Marzchester, 2nd ed. London: Reference, intended for libraries serving populations under Special and Information Group, Library Associa- 10,000 and having limited budgets. The manual tion, 1966. viii, 87 p. pap. 16s.; 12/6 to members discusses the factors of planning the buildings, of the Library Association. choosing a site, relationships of departments, Alphabetical listing of 256 libraries within a circulation patterns, layout of furniture and 15 mile radius of Manchester, England, with data equipment, special materials for floors, walls, and on staff, hours, , publications, ceilings, heating, and lighting. and other services. Geographical and subject in- dexes. KEDFERN,Brian. Organizitzg Music in Libraries. New York: Philosophical Library, 1966. 80 p. WRIGHT,Gordon H., ed. The Library in Colleges $4.75. of Commerce and Technology. New York: Lon- Intended mainly for English library students in- don House & Maxwell, 1966. 175 p. $5.95. (L.C. tending to take professional examinations. Material 66-21410) covers problems of organizing material, BCM A guide to the use of the library as an instru- ment of education. Offers practical and valuable theological and religious, political and social, advice to librarians and teachers on methods educational and psychological, philosophical and that can be employed in teaching the techniques metaphysical, historical and scientific. Beginning and skills necessary for a successful use of library with a short biography of the discoverer of oxy- facilities, and examines the tutor-librarian's role gen, the book is divided into broad groups show- in the education of the student. Index. ing the pattern of evolution of Priestley's works, and provides a coded location index and an Bibliographic Tools alphabetical short-title index. ALLEN, David E., Jr., comp. Business Bookc DAVIES.J. H. Musicalia: Sources of Information Translated from Ezglish: 19>0-1965. Reading, it2 Music. New York: Pergamon Press, 1966. xi, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 218 p. illus. pap. $2.95 (L.C. 66-17793) 1966. xiv, 414 p. $12.50. (L.C. 66-23644) Information is arranged according to interests A bibliography accomplished under the auspices of ordinary listener, band conductor, singer, of the International Center for the Advancement music librarian, collector, broadcaster, etc. Two of Management Education, Graduate School of chapters deal with periodicals, printing, publish- Business, Stanford University. Topical arrange- ing, and copying. Appendix 1 contains the princi- ment is heavily dependent upon LC classification. pal British music collections, and Appendix 2 After assignment to a topical category, works are lists United States and British music publishers listed alphabetically by original author. Transla- and agents, and selected international music tions of these works are listed alphabetically by publishers' organizations and performing rights language. Contains separate author, language, and collecting societies. Index. and subject indexes. FRIEND,William L. Anglo-American Legal Bibli- BALZ, Charles F. and STANWOOD, Richard H., ographies: An Annotated Guide. Washington, comps. and eds. Literature on Information Re- D. C.: The Library of Congress, , triez,al and Machine Translation, 2nd ed. (953- 1966. xii, 166 p. $10 (Order from Rothman Re- 0300-1). Gaithersburg, Md.: IBM, 1966. x, 168 prints, Inc., South Hackensack, N. J.) p. pap. (Available gratis from IBM offices) Reprint of the 1944 ed~tion,the guide lists all Offset printout of titles using KWIC Index; classes of Anglo-American legal bibliographic supplements 1962 edition. Material on microre- materials with the exception of works deloted production, classification and cataloging theory, exclusively to American statutory materials, and documentation, and linguistics is excluded. Earliest library and publishers' catalogs. The first chapter reference is 1718 but most references are from offers a historical survey tracing the development 1962-1965. Includes bibliography and author of Anglo-American legal bibliography. Includes index. Visual thumb index. detailed index. BYRD, Cecil K. A Bibliography of Illinois Im- JONES, George Neville. An Annotated Bibli- prints, 1814-58. Chicago and London: University ography oj Mexican Ferns. Urbana, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1766. xxv, 601 p. $12.50 (L.C. of Illinois Press, 1966. xxxiii, 297 p. $5. (L.C. 65-24423) 66-10342 ) Over 3,000 annotated references to books, Arranged by author and title, the bibliography broadsides, pamphlets, and maps that were pro- lists more than 1,200 entries with approximately duced in the print shops of the territory and 3,000 cross references. An extensive supplementary state of Illinois between 1814 and 1858. Entries section of "finding indexes" contains separate are arranged chronologically and alphabetically general, geographical, biographical, systematic, within the year. Index. plant name, and personal name indexes. All entries were originally published as articles in periodicals CHATFIELD,Mary, comp. Inland Waterwaj's Trans- or books in twelve different languages. portation, a Bibliography and Guide to Infrivma- tion Sources. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univer- MARATHONOIL COMPANY,Library. Creativity, a sity, Baker Library, Graduate School of Business Bibliography. Findlay, Ohio: 1966. no pagina- Administration, 1966. x, 42 p. pap. Apply. tion. pap. offset. stapled. (Gratis from Marathon The collection honors John Oliver Innes, who Oil Company, Library, Room 312-M, 539 S. served the inland waterways transportation in- Main St., Findlay, Ohio 45840) dustry, and is the result of a program of collecting Surveys the literature of creativity-in-business and disseminating information about the industry. available in the Marathon Library between January Material includes industry associations and com- 1. 1960, and February 15, 1966. Items briefly panies, general works, bibliographies, serials, annotated. statistics, finance and accounting, and specific OKINSHEVICH,Leo, comp. and CARLTON,Robert references on the individual inland waterways G., ed. Latin America in Sozmiet Writings, A transportation systems. Bibliography: Vol. 1, 1917-IW8, Vol. 11, 1959- CROOK, Ronald E. A Bibliography of Joseph 1964. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins Press, Priestley 1733-1804. London: The Library Associa- 1966. (~01.1)xvii, 257 p. (vol. 2) xii, 311 p. tion, 7 Ridgmount St., 1966. xiv, 201 p. 48s.; both vols. $25; separately $15 each. (L.C. 66- 36s. to members of the Library Association (ap-. - 16037) pros. $7). Comprehensive two-volume work developed Comprehensive list of his works in all fields: under a Ford Foundation grant by the Hispanic 1:trundation of the Library of Congress in coopera- analysts, librarians and information specialists tion with the Library's Sla\ic and Central Euro- whose organizaticms are within NASA's decen- pean Dixision. The complete work contains tralized tape user program, and also as a reference almost 9,000 entries and, while fundamentally an tool in the general area of NACA-NASA publica- inventory of writings in the Russian language, it tions. also records Soviet translations of works by Latin CIJRTICE.Robert M. Experimental Retriecal Sy.r- American authors. Includes separate author and terns Stndirs, Report No. I: Magnetic Tape and subject indexes, as well as lists of abbreviated Disc File Organizations for Retriez~al.Bethlehem, names of publishing houses, of periodicals cited. Pa.: Lehigh University, Center for the Information and of periodicals available in English. Sciences, 1966. v, 44 p. pap. charts. Apply. WALFORD,A, J., ed, Guide to Referetice Matr- Discusses general considerations involved in the rial, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Science and Technologj. design of file organizations for information re- London: Library Association, 1966. vii, 483 p. trieval systems and reviews inverted file and serial $15. (Distr. by R. R. Bowker) file searching on magnetic tape. The report was Three thousand entries arranged by Universal prepared under a grant from the National Science Decimal classification, each providing data on pub- Foundation. lication date, edition, publisher, and price as well HEISER,Robert C. and HILLMAN,Donald J. A as including an annotation. Emphasis is on British Formal Theory of Conceptual Affiliation for Doc- works although US., Russian, French, and Ger- ument Reron.rtructio~z,Report No. I: The Afilia- man material, particularly bibliographies and dic- tioli-Value Model. Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh Uni- tionaries, are included. Author, subject, title index. versity, Center for the Information Sciences, 1966. WEINBERGER,Teris, et al. Lincoh Laboratory 30 p. pap. charts. Apply. Librarj 23rd Reference Bibliography: Attitude A research project supported by a grant from Perturbations a71d Control of Arlificial Earth the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Wash- Satellites (Prepared under Electronic Systems ington, D. C. Discusses significant issues involved Division Contract AF 19(628) -5 167.) Lexington, in the development of adequate text-processing Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, procedures for document retrieval systems, the 1966. vi, 58 p. pap. Apply. problems of characterizing or indexing a docu- Lists the title literature published between Janu- ment, of reconstructing documents from their ary 1957 and December 1964. Entries are ar- given characteristics, and introduces the notion of ranged alphabetically by author or by corporate concretion into retrieval theory. author. A subject outline and index are provided. KENT. Allen. Textbook on Mechanized In/orma- Contains a total of 676 references. tion Retriet,al. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience ZELL, Hans M., ed. and comp. New Reference Publishers, Division of John Wiley & Sons, 1966. Tools for Librarians, 1964-1965. London: Robert xu, 371 p. illus. charts. tables. $10.95. (L.C. Maxwell & Co., Ltd., 1965. vii, 214 p. pap. $4 66-20392) (incl. supplements #1-4). (Available from Max- Clarifies, up-datts, and augments material con- well Scientific International Inc., 44-01 21st St., tained in the 1962 first edition. Teaches funda- Long Island City, N. Y.) mentals of the IR field without requiring a This second edition emphasizes works published special mathematical background and discusses in the U.K. and the U.S. but also includes many both the human and the machine aspects of unit titles published in European continental countries operations of IR systems such as acquisition, analy- and in the USSR. Features detailed information on sis, vocabulary contrc~l, and storage of source a large number of specialized material, such as materials. Separate author and subject indexes. biblographies issued by libraries, industrial re- KISFI, Joseph L., Jr. and MORRIS,James. Micro- search establishments, and governmental organiza- film in Bu.rirtess. New York: The Ronald Press tions. Titles listed in this edition are cumulative, including all works listed in supplements 1-4 to Co., 1966. viii, 163 p. illus. charts. $7.50. Complete guide to current techniques, equip- the 1962-1963 edition as well as over 2,000 new ment, and money-saving applications both for and forthcoming reference works and bibliogra- phies. information storage alone and as an integral part of data-processing operations. Describes in detail Information Handling Techniques the various types of film and of photographic BRANDHORST,W. T. and ECKERT, Philip F. equipment, and provides \aluable information on Guide to the Processing, Storage, and Retrieval how to analyze costs and whether a microfilm of Bibliographic Infovmatio?~at the NASA Scien- system may or may not be practical in a given tific and Technical Information Facility (Prepared situation. Discusses also the permanency of micro- under Contract No. NASw-13 15 for National film, linking of microfilm files with automatic Aeronautics and Space Administration) (NASA data processing, appropriate methods of filming CR-62033.) College Park, Md.: Documentation and indexing, and the legality of microfilm rec- Inc., 1966. ix, 149 p. pap. charts. tables. $3.25. ords. Glossary and index. (Order from Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific MACKAY,Neil. The Hole in the Card, The Story and Technical Information, Springfield, Va. of the Microfilm Aperture Card. St. Paul, Minn.: 22151) Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Designed to serve as an instruction manual for 1966. 122 p. illus. $3.95. As the title indicates this 4% x 734 volume Designed for first course in EDP with empha- traces the history of the aperture card from the sis on business operations and procedures. IBM invention of microfilm in the early 1800's to the 1440 computer is used as model, and thorough growth and development of the operation at 3M discussion of COBOL is given. Bibliography and Company. questions at end of each chapter. Index. MERSEL, Jules, et al. Information Transfer in WITHINGTON,Frederic G. The Use of Computers Educational Research (OE-5-99-264). Sherman in Business Organizations. Reading, Mass.: Addi- Oaks, Calif.: Informatics Inc., 1966. var. p. post son-Wesley Publishing Company, 1966. viii, 245 binding. Apply. p. illus. charts. $7.95. (L.C. 66-22577) One hundred fifty-four university USOE grant- Concise coverage of all subjects relevant to ees, state departments of education research staff decisions about the acquisition and use of com- members, USOE staff members, and information puters. Written in layman's language, the book scientists were interviewed as questionnaire provides a good comprehension of computers for method was eschewed. Part 1 covers dissemina- the non-specialist without requiring extensive tech- tion of information, Part 2 the changing informa- nical training. Includes detailed bibliography, tion technology, Part 3 ERIC and the future, Part glossary of terms, and index. 4 current awareness, and Part 5 data processing for current needs. Major problem was not result of Cataloging and Classification information explosion but accounting procedures in government research contracts. DAVISON,Keith. Classification Practice A Brilain. London: Library Association, 1966. 34 p. pap. REED, David M. and HILLMAN,Donald J. Docu- offset. 12s. ; 9s. to members. ment Retrieval Theory, Relevance, and the Meth- A report on a survey of classification opinion odology of Ef~aluation,Report No. 4: Canonical and practice in Great Britain, with particular Decomposition. Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University, reference to the Dewey Decimal Classification Center for the Information Sciences, 1966. 33 System, undertaken by the DDC Revision Sub- p. pap. tables. Apply. committee of LA'S Library Research committee. Supported by a grant from the National Science Analysis is of 716 replies to a questionnaire. Foundation this study describes a computer pro- gram for reducing the strings of categories pro- WTLLEMIN,Silrcre. Technique of Union Cata- duced by the microcategorization procedure to logues: A Practical Guide. 319 E. 34th St., New their canonical components. York: UNESCO, 1966. 26 p. pap. 506. Outlines the advances made in recent years ROSENBERG,Victor. Studies in the Man-System in establishing union catalogs. Contents include Interface in Libraries, Report No. 2: The Appli- general principles, organization. contents, use, cation of Pyschometric Techfziques to Determine and administration. the Attitudes of Individuals toward Information Seeking. Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University, Cen- Dictionaries ter for Information Sciences, 1966. v, 46 p. pap. tables. Apply. GERWICK,Ben C., Jr. and PETERS,Peter V., eds. A study partially supported by grants from the Russian-English Dictionary of Prestressed Con- Air Force Office of Aerospace and from the Na- crete and Concrete Construction. New York: Gor- tional Science Foundation. Discusses and evalu- don and Breach Science Publishers, 1966. 120 p. ates questionnaire information provided by pro- $20. (L.C. 66-23104) fessional personnel in industrial and government Designed to enable the English-speaking archi- organizations regarding preference in their use tect or engineer to read and translate Russian of eight different information-gathering methods. journals, books, and technical papers in these specialized fields. A comprehensive and up-to- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENTOF COMMERCE, date reference work containing some 13,000 terms. NATIONALBUREAU OF STANDARDS.File Organ- ization for a Large Chemical Information Sys- Appendixes. tem, comp. by Ruth Anderson, et al. (NBS Tech- MOLLETT,J. W., comp. An Illustrated Dictionary nical Note 285). Washington, D. C.: 1966. 17 of Art and Archaeology. New York: American p. pap. 256. (A~ailablefrom Government Printing Archives of World Art, Inc., 1966. 350+ p. Office) illus. $12.50. (L.C. 65-29110) Describes a new approach to the structuring of The fact that this Dirtioizary was first prepared a large file containing diverse information. Spon- by J. W. Mollett in 1883 and republished with- sored by the Army Research Office, representative out revision of the original accounts for the data inputs from the Department of the Army emphasis on Greek, Roman, and Christian antiqui- were used in the project. The proposed file or- ties, the random selection of terms (etymological ganization consists of two parts: a master file derivations where possible), and old-fashioned of fixed length information, and information files line engravings. Subjects include architecture, of variable length information. jewelry, heraldly, costume, music, weaving, paint- ing, furniture, pottery, and ecclesiastical ritual, but WHEELER,Gershon J. and JONES, Donlan I;. most modern technical terms are missing. Business Data Processing: An Introduction. Read- ing, Mass., and Don Mills, Ont.: Addison-Wesley, STEIN, Jess, ed. The Random House Dictionary 1966. vii, 152 p. illus. $5.95. (L.C. 66-20467) of the English Language, unabr. New York: Random House, 1966. xxxii, 1959+ p. illus. professional experience required ; medical library $25. (L.C. 66-21939) certification preferred. Applications, including cur- Over 260,000 items (Webster's 3rd edition has riculum vitae, should be addressed to: Sonia L. over 450,000) in easy-to-read type including well- Gruen, Librarian, D. Samuel Gottesman Library, known book titles, plus 64 pages of physical and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Morris Park Avenue and Eastchester Road, Bronx, New York economic areal maps of the world. Supplements 10461. cover signs and symbols from several disciplines, a college and university directory, concise French, DOCUMENTINDEXER-We are seeking the serv- Spanish, Italian, and German dictionaries with ices of an experienced Document Indexer, prefer- both English words and foreign words first, a ably with a bioscience background. Candidate must manual of style, major reference works, major know government contract reports and should dates in history, UN Charter, and geographical have some knowledge of information retrieval sys- tems. A library science degree desired but not information on volcanoes, mountains, oceans, etc. necessary. Please forward your resume to The Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Directories Research, 5200 Gibson Boulevard, S.E., Albuquer- DONOHUE,Arthur C. J., ed. Trade Association que, New Mexico 87108, Attn: Personnel. An Directory for New York City, 2nd ed. New equal opportunity employer. ~ -- York: NYC Department of Commerce and In- INDUSTRIAL REFERENCELIBRARIAN-Technical. dustrial Development, n.d. 73 p. pap. Apply. Master's in library science, working knowledge of Lists more than 1,000 trade associations and German, French, or Russian. Comprehensive refer- chambers of commerce in New York City. Asso- ence and bibliographic work. Prefer candidates ciations are listed alphabetically under subject. with minimum of one year experience, but will Name index. consider recent graduates. Located near Wake For- est, Duke, and University of North Carolina. FROST AND SULLIVAN,INC., comp. Aerospace Starting salary $7,500-$9,600. Write to Mr. F. W. and Defense Research Contracts Roster, Fiscal Ragan, Jr., Western Electric Company, Incorpo- Year 196j. Washington, D. C. and London: rated, 3300 Lexington Road, Winston-Salem, North Bowker Associates, 1966. 1285+ p. $35. (L.C. Carolina 27102. 66-19301) MEDICALCATALOGER-5th year degree in library Offset computer printout of over 11,000 con- science required with three years experience, or tracts with information on company name and extensive experience in cataloging. Experience with address, major federal government programs, National Library of Medicine Classification desir- phase, award date, dollar amount, name and able. Usual fringe benefits. Salary, $8,496-$9,080. address of awarding agency procurement centers, Send resume to Fred D. Bryant, Milton S. Hershey system product category designation, and de- Medical Center Library, Pennsylvania State Uni- scriptive statement of objectives. Indexes cover versity, Community Center Building, Hershey, Systems Product, Hardware Product Category, Pro- Pennsylvania 17033. Equal opportunity employer. gram, Awarding Agency Procurement Point, and MEDICALLIBRARIAN-To assume duties of Assist- State. Roster was formerly titled "Roster of US. ant Librarian. 5th year library degree required Government Research and Development Contracts with ten years experience in library work, at least in Aerospace and Defense." fi\.e of which have been in a medical library. Must be able to supervise every library activity. Usual fringe benefits. Salary, $11,500-$12,000. Send CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING resume to Fred D. Bryant, Milton S. Hershey Med- Positions o en and wanted-50 cents per line; ical Center Library, Pennsylvania State University, minimum chrge $I.SO. Other classifieds-90 cents Community Center Building, Hershey, Pennsyl- a line; $2.70 minimum. Copy must be received by vania 17033. Equal opportunity employer. tenth of month preceding month of publication. TECHNICALPROCESSING CHIEF-Dynamic. Soundly grounded in acquisitions needed. Library with 100,- POSITIONS OPEN 000 volumes and a book budget of nearly $45,000 seeks successor to retiring chief of technical proc- ACQUISITIONSAND SERIALSLIBRARIAN-TO assist essing. Library is a member of the New York with acquisition of all types of library materials, State Employees Retirement System and also of especially for reference collection, and take charge its Health Plan; Social Security; month's vacation of all serials transactions. College degree, pref- plus eleven paid holidays allowable on annual erably in a science or technology area. BS or MS basis; sick leave time allowed to accumulate; per- in library science required as well as some ex- sonal leave time allowable without prejudice to perience. Salary $7,500-8,500; one month vacation annual or sick leave; 35-hour week; Library is a and generous fringe benefits. Write to: Mrs. member of the Nassau Library Service System; Li- Ottilie Rollins, Acting Librarian, Clarkson College brary also computerizing its circulation procedures; of Technology, Potsdam, New York 13676. within easy commuting distance of City; community has many apartments if community residence is ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN-I~~~~~s~~~~and varied preferred. Requirements: MU, eligibility for N. Y. work, including reference and bibliographical work, State Certification; two year's experience in an in a progressive, expanding, medical center library, administrative or assistant administrative position pleasantly situated in upper Bronx. Attractive, mod- in technical processing. Salary range-basic- ern, air-conditioned building, congenial staff. 35 $7,350-$9,600. Send application to: Wilfred Lau- hour week, month's vacation, faculty status, pen- rier Morin, Library Director, Freeport Public Li- sion plan. Salary, $9,000. Library degree and brary, Freeport, New York 11520. POSITIONS WANTED MARKETINGRESEARCHEKS-Will need the Re/rf.- ence Manual to Rrpovts ol the National Com- EDITOR-28, B.A. degree, fluent French. Spanish, mission on Food Marketing. Highly significant science background, five years writing, abstracting. work cc:mpleted by this Commission totals 2,892 copy editing, translating experience. Desires pages, spread over ten Technical Studies and n yrtrwth position. Will relocate. Library courses. Summary Report. Cornell Lniversity researchers Write Box C 5 1. have compiled this Refevewre Manual, which is in-

- -- -~ ~~ - ~ - dispensable to anyone working in the food indus- LIBRARIAN-Male; 35; MLS; ten year's experience try. December 1966. 60 pages. $5. National As- cataloging referrnce, indexing, administration. Will sociation of Food Chains, 1725 Eye Street, N.W., be US citizen in s~ring1967. Prefer Los Angeles Washington, D. C. 20006. area. Box 4 1142. Los Angeles, California 90041. - - -- VYSOKOMOLEKULARYNESOED~KE~.IYA-VO~U~~~ LI~RARIAK-N~~~year's head. engineering, chem- 8. numbers 2-12, 1966. Contact: Library. Mobil ist~,hiiriness, cc,rporati~mand pa:tnt law library. Chemical Co., P.O. Box 211, Metuchen, New Jer- BA, LLB. MLS. Write BIIXB 57. sey 08840, 201 :287-0500.

WohlrN-ALA accredited MS. Seven year's col- lege, nursing. and mcdical library experience. Seeks pcisiti(,n in north~astern area. Write Box B 56.

Important improvements achieved from wide ex- FOR SALE perlance, assure to produce hlgh quality catalog cards, with enlarged space good also for printing post-card, book card, book pocket, address, etc. FOREIGNEOOKS and periodicals. Specialty: Irregu- Plus new fealures in stencil and new ink lar serials. Albert J. Phiebig, Box 352, White lo dry in 10 minules. Plains, New York 10602. Patented . Performance Guaranteed Order "On Approval" Invited LIBRARIANS:I buy and sell scientific ancl scholarly Order now direclly from the Inventor: bad-issues. Please submit your want lists and l~sts Chiang Small Duplica+ors of duplicate materials you wish to sell or exchange. 53100 Juniper Rood, South Bend, Indiana 46637 Prompt estimates. Fred. Ludwig, Rte. 4. Hos 11 5. Tucsc~n.Ariz~!na 85704.

SCIENCE LIBRARIAN MARINE TECHNOLOGY (Assistant) SOCIETY

Industrial library serving scientists doing basic research in chemistry, physics, space Interested in sciences, metallurgy, and biosciences, has opening for person with Bachelor's Degree in a Physical or Life Science and a Master's Ocean 3echnology? Degree in Library Science. The Marine Technology Society, the leading professional society in marine Varied responsibilities will depend on technology has begun publication of its qualifications but will include cataloging, own Journal of Ocean Technology. The classifying, and indexing books, reports, etc. contents, featuring original technological Some experience in a science library de- contributions, are intended for scien- sired but will consider bright beginner with tists, engineers, managers, technicians specified education. and research librarians concerned with Located in a pleasant suburban community the marine environment. 25 miles from New York City. Excellent TYPICAL SAMPLES OF THE SIX ARTI- cultural and educational resources. CLES IN THE FIRST ISSUE INCLUDE: A Method of Computing the Terminal Please submit resume to R. G. Massey, Velocity of a Plunging Submarine Personnel Manager. Hydrostatic Actuation of Deep-sea Instruments UNION CARBIDE Library subscription fee is $3.00 yearly RESEARCH INSTITUTE ($1.50/back issue). For information on P.O. Box 278 this and other publications write to: Tarrytown, New York 10591 MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY 1030 15th St., N.W. An Equal OpPortunity Employer Washington, 0. C. 20005 THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY has immediate openings for indexers on the following periodical indexes : APPLIED SCIENCE & TECH- NOLOGY INDEX EDUCATION INDEX Applicants must be capable of performing Hundreds of Libraries-big and small-now print 3 x 5 professional catalog cards and postcards (any accurately the detailed work required in quantities) with new precision geared stencil printer assigning appropriate subject headings to especially designed for Library requirements. Buy di- articles in current periodicals on the re- rect on Five Year Guarantee. FREE-Write TO- DAY for description, pictures, and low direct price. spective subjects. Some subject background CARDMASTER, 1920 Sunnyside, Dept. 41, Chicago 41 is essential; knowledge of cataloging and/ or library experience, while desirable, are not absolute requirements. Salary will depend on qualifications and SWETS & ZElTLlNGER experience and will be reviewed annually. Keizersgracht 471 & 487 Amsterdam-C. Holland Many company benefits such as vacations, sick pay, pensions, Blue Cross, Blue Shield, Publishers and Library Agents Major Medical, etc. Five day, 35-hour week. Current Subscriptions Periodicals, Sets, Backfiles, and Separate Applications should be addressed to: Volumes, and Reprints.

The Personnel Department Av,err~.rii I:ep~t,~rj,ir~i!6 The H. W. Wilson Company 950 University Avenue WALTER D. LANTZ Bronx, New York 10452 555 WOODSIDE AVE., BERWYN, PA. Suburban Philadelphia Phone: 215-644-4944

A-Z SUBJECT GUIDE

TO TECHNICAL ARTICLES BRITISH TECHNOLOGY INDEX

Pinpoints target subjects Covers 390 British technical journals Invaluable for current awareness and for keeping marginal interest subjects in sight

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS *Aviation subject headings and classifica- Literature of executive management tion guide, 1966 ...... $6.30 (SLA Bibliography no. 5), 1963 ... 4.25 Business and industrial libraries in the hlap collections in the US. and Can- United States, 1820-1940, 1965 .... 7.00 ada; a directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 "A checklist fur the organization, operation National insurance organizations in the and evalua:ion of a company library, 2nd United States and Canada, 1957 .... 3.50 ed., 1966 ...... 3.00 Picture sources, 2nd ed., 1964 ...... 6.75 Correlation index document series & PB *SLA directoly of members, as of June reports. 1953 10.00 28, 1966, 1966 ...... members 3.00 ...... nonmembers 12.50 Creation & development of an insur- Source list of selected labor statistics, ance library. rev. ed. 1949 ...... 2.00 rw. ed., 1953 ...... 2.00 Dictionary of report series codes, 1962 12.75 Sources of commodity prices, 1960 .... 5.00 Directory of busines and financial serv- Sources of insurance statistics, 1965 ... 8.25 ices, 1963 ...... 6.50 *Special libraries: a guide for manage- Directory of special libraries, 1953 .... 5.00 ment, 1966 ...... 4.00 *German chemical abbreviations, 1966 . 6.50 S~eciallibraries: how to plan and equip them (SLA Monograph no. 2), 1963 5.55 Guide to metallurgical information Subject headings for financial libraries, (SLA Bibliography no. 3), 2nd ed., 1954 ...... 5.00 1965 ...... 7.00 Subject headings in advertising, market- Guide to Russian reference and language ing. al~dcommunications media, 1964 5.95 aids (SLA Bibliography no. 4), 1962 4.25 Translators and translations: servlces iL~ndbook of scientific and technical and sources in science and technology, awards in the United States and Can- 2nd ed., 1965 ...... 14.50 ada. 1900-1952,1956 ...... 3.00 US. sources of petroleum and natural The librag-: an introduction for librdq gas statistics, I961 ...... 6.00 assistants. 1967 ...... 4.00 *[.atest publications SCIENTIFIC MEETlNGSSubscription, $10.00 ; Single copies, $4.00 SPECIAL LIBRARIES-Subscription, $12.50;Foreign, $14.00;Single copies, $2.00 TECFIA'ICAL BOOK REVIEW' INDEX-Subscription, $10.00 ; Foreign. $1 1.00:Single copies, $1.50 The information he needs is in another library 2000 miles away. But he'll have it in a few minutes.

Even the University of Virginia library, All major universities and research one of the major depositories of knowl- centers in Virginia are linked by teletype- edge in the United States. doesn't have writer. Any library in the United state^ everything. But it has supplemented it\ with teletypewriter exchange service can resources materially by the use of tele- contact any other sinlilarly equipped typewriter service. library to send or receive information. Now, when a firm or individual needs To learn more about how Bell System information from a book or journal, the facilities can expand your library facili- request can be sent to the library which ties. contact our Communications Con- most likely has it. The required informa- sultant in the field of education. He's a tion can be sent back in a few minutes. specialist and knows your problems. Bro-Dart: Boolts SUPPLIES Furniture Charging Systems Book Processing Colorprint

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AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY SERIES Real Estate lnformation Sources-Babb and Dordick Building Construction lnformation Sources-Bentlcy Critical Dictionary of English Literature and Public Finance lnformation Sources-Knox British and American Authors-Allibone (3 volumes)...... $84 .OO Textile Industry lnformation Sources-Kopycinski \Vinchell K179. IJ The Developing Nations: A Guide to lnformation Supplement to Allibone's Critical Oictionary- Sources-ReOua and Statham Kirk (2 volumesJ ...... $43 .OO C] Standards and Specifications lnformation Sources- Winchell 111-79. Struglia Bibliophile Library of Literature-Bibliophile C] Public Utilities lnformation Sources-Hunt Dictionary...... $22.00 Transportation lnformation Sources-MetcaN Biographier. plu\ helpful \ynop\e\ of cla\\ic\. Business Trends and Forecasting lnformation Biographical Dictionary and Synopsis of Books Sources- Woy Ancient and Modern- Warner...... $17.00 From thc Warner I.ibr:iry, \+'inchcll Rl5. WRITE FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors of Great Britain and Ireland (1816/ (In press).$17.00 Ebcn heftcr co!cragc for the period th;in r\llihullc. Cyclopedia of American Literature-Duyckinck GALE RESEARCH COMPANY and Duyckinck (2 volumesJ...... $43.00 Winchell R193. Author Biography Master Index (July, 1966). .. .$28.00 Indexc\ in a \incle nlpli;~l~ctall the wlumc\ in G Attthor H~ograpliySene\. plu\ othct- public:~tion\ publishen of reference books . dictionaries . directories which include ;1~1tlior\-15O,llOt~ citation\ in all. BOOK TOWER DETROIT 48226