Kapitalo Valstybinis Reguliavimas, Įgyvendinant Viešojo Ir Privataus Sektorių Partnerystę Torių Partnerystę

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Kapitalo Valstybinis Reguliavimas, Įgyvendinant Viešojo Ir Privataus Sektorių Partnerystę Torių Partnerystę www.mruni.eu Živilė Š utavi č IENĖ Živilė ŠutAvičienė DAKTARO DISERTACIJA VIE ĮgyVENDINANT REGULIAVIMAS, VALSTYBINIS KAPITALO Š OJO IR PRIVATAUS SE PRIVATAUS IR OJO Kapitalo valstybinis reguliavimas, įgyvendinant viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystę K Torių PARTNERYstę Torių ISBN 978-9955-19-571-9 2013 SOCIALINIAI MOKSLAI, TEISĖ (01 S) VILNIUS, 2013 MYKOLO ROMERIO UNIVERSITETAS Živilė Šutavičienė KAPITALO VALSTYBINIS REGULIAVIMAS, ĮGYVENDINANT VIEŠOJO IR PRIVATAUS SEKTORIŲ PARTNERYSTĘ Daktaro disertacija Socialiniai mokslai, teisė (01 S) Vilnius, 2013 Disertacija rengta 2006–2013 metais Mykolo Romerio universitete Mokslinis vadovas: Prof. dr. Birutė Pranevičienė (Mykolo Romerio universitetas, socialiniai mokslai, teisė – 01 S) nuo 2012 m. spalio 4 d. iki 2013 m. dr. Vytautas Šulija (Mykolo Romerio universitetas, socialiniai mokslai, teisė – 01 S) nuo 2006 m. rugsėjo 1 d. iki 2012 m. spalio 4 d. Konsultantas: Prof. dr. Algimantas Urmonas (Mykolo Romerio universitetas, socialiniai mokslai, teisė – 01 S) nuo 2006 m. iki 2013 m. ISBN 978-9955-19-571-9 Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2013 TURINYS ĮVADAS ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 I. METODOLOGINIAI VIEŠOJO IR PRIVATAUS KAPITALO SAMPRATOS NAGRINĖJIMO KLAUSIMAI TEISĖJE IR JŲ REIKŠMĖ VALSTYBINIO REGULIAVIMO TOBULINIMUI ADMINISTRACINĖS TEISĖS POŽIŪRIU ..............................................................19 1.1. Metodologiniai kapitalo sąvokos vartojimo galimybių ir jų ribų nustatymo klausimai teisėje ir socialiniuose moksluose .............................................................................................19 1.1.1. Socialinis kapitalas ir jo panaudojimo galimybės viešojo ar privataus sektorių bendrai veiklai ..................................................................................................................19 1.1.2. Ekonominis kapitalas ir jo panaudojimo galimybės viešojo ar privataus sektorių bendrai veiklai ..................................................................................................................26 1.1.3. Žmogiškasis kapitalas ir jo panaudojimo galimybės viešojo ar privataus sektorių bendrai veiklai ..................................................................................................................28 1.2. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių kapitalų kategorijos, jų vartojimo metodologinis reikšmingumas administracinėje teisėje ..................................................................................34 1.2.1. Viešojo sektoriaus kategorijos raiškos suvokimas administraciniu teisiniu požiūriu .............................................................................................................................34 1.2.2. Privataus sektoriaus kapitalo kategorijos raiškos suvokimas administraciniu teisiniu požiūriu ...............................................................................................................38 1.3. Administracinės teisės reguliacinių galių panaudojimas viešojo ir privataus sektorių sanglaudai stiprinti .....................................................................................................................40 1.4. Valstybinis reguliavimas kaip viešojo ir privataus sektorių aktualaus ir strateginio – ateityje bendradarbiavimo užtikrinimo priemonių visuma ..................................................49 II. OBJEKTYVIOS IR SUBJEKTYVIOS VIEŠOJO IR PRIVATAUS SEKTORIŲ PARTNERYSTĖS TEISINIO INSTITUTO FORMAVIMOSI GALIMYBĖS LIETUVOS TEISINĖJE SISTEMOJE ......................................................................................................61 2.1. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės genezė ir raida pasaulyje bei Lietuvoje ............61 2.2. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės teisinio reguliavimo dalykas, metodai ir principai .......................................................................................................................................86 2.3. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės teisiniai modeliai Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje ..........94 2.4. Koncesijos sutarties ir administracinės teisės sąveika ..........................................................102 2.5. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių pagrindiniai partnerystės bruožai. Argumentai „už“ ir „prieš“ taikant viešojo ir privataus sektorių teisines partnerystės formas .....................105 2.6. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės poreikis ir galimybės Lietuvoje. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės tikslai ................................................................................113 III. VIEŠOJO IR PRIVATAUS SEKTORIŲ SANGLAUDOS FORMAVIMO IR TRIKDŽIŲ ANALIZĖ LIETUVOJE ...........................................................................................................................127 3.1. Institucinis viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės modelis Lietuvoje ir jo įgyvendinimo problematika ....................................................................................................127 3 3.2. Sutartinis viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės modelis Lietuvoje ir jo įgyvendinimo problematika ....................................................................................................131 3.2.1. Koncesijos sutarčių įgyvendinimas ir problematika, kylanti iš vienos ar kitos šalies interesų nepaisymo ............................................................................................131 3.2.2. Koncesijos ir kitų teisinių kategorijų vartojimo paskirties ir galiojančių normų konkurencijos problema Lietuvos ir ES teismų praktikoje. ....................................135 3.2.3. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės bendrosios aplinkos ir teisinės valstybės principų įgyvendinimo sąveika ...................................................................152 3.3. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių bendradarbiavimo ir partnerystės projektų apžvalga Lietuvoje .....................................................................................................................................156 3.4. Viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės institucinė struktūra ........................................163 3.5. Pagrindinės valstybinio reguliavimo priemonės, įgyvendinant VPSP projektus .................................................................................................175 IŠVADOS ..................................................................................................................................................184 PASIŪLYMAI ...........................................................................................................................................190 LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS .....................................................................................................................193 PRIEDAI ...................................................................................................................................................223 SANTRAUKA ...........................................................................................................................................292 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................314 4 „Kartą suprasta išaiškinimo kontekste teisė tampa ne tik taisyklių sistema, kurios privaloma laikytis, bet pasauliu, kuriame mes gyvename“. Robert M. Cover, 1983 ĮVADAS Tiriamoji problema. Šiuolaikinės socialinės ekonominės šalies plėtros tendencijos soci- alinių pokyčių vertinimo požiūriu reikalauja iš naujo įvertinti valdžios institucijų vaidmenį ekonomikoje. Padidėjęs informacijos sklaidos greitis sudaro prielaidas kurtis naujiems tarpins- tituciniams socialiniams ir ekonominiams ryšiams, o greitėjantis socialinių ekonominių ir tei- sinių sąveikų laikas atitinkamai spartina socialinės ekonominės raidos tempus, tęstinai iškelia valstybės institucijoms naujus viešojo valdymo galimybių panaudojimo uždavinius. Valstybei, vykdant reguliacines ir kontrolės funkcijas, nustatant norminiais teisiniais aktais bendradar- biavimo taisykles tarp viešojo ir privataus sektorių, jos vaidmuo iš esmės keičiasi, kadangi vie- šasis sektorius vis dažniau turi būti aktyvus rinkos dalyvis, o ne tik stebėtojas. Tam, kad viešasis sektorius būtų norimas ir patikimas partneris privačiam sektoriui (ir atvirkščiai), neužtenka vien teisės aktų kaitos, reikalinga mūsų teisinės sąmonės sisteminė kaita, kurią lemia viešojo ir privataus sektorių bendradarbiavimo gerų pavyzdžių sklaida, matomi bendrai atlikti objektai ar darbai, kurie vertingi ir naudingi ne tik privačiam sektoriui, bet ir visuomenei. Tiriamosios problemos teisinis sudėtingumas yra tai, kad viešojo ir privataus sektorių sanglauda integruoja dviejų sektorių institucines ir veiklos galimybes bei absorbuoja teisinio statuso problemas, kurios kyla dėl to, kad vienas sektorius vadovaujasi daugiau viešosios, kitas privatinės teisės normomis. Nors kiekvienas sektorius turi savo tikslus, sektoriniame bendra- vime turi juos abipusiai derinti, ieškoti kompromisų, pasitelkti ne tik žmogiškuosius resursus, bet ir turimą socialinį bei ekonominį kapitalą. Be to, mokslinių tyrėjų kapitalas daugiau tir- tas ekonominiu požiūriu, todėl jo vartojimas teisėje nėra dažnas reiškinys, todėl šio termino teisinė analizė disertacijoje praplečia kapitalo kategorijų vartojimo galimybes teisės moksle. Disertacijoje kapitalas tiriamas per tris jo galimas socialinio, ekonominio ir žmogiškojo kapi- talo
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