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February 1920 FEBRUARY 1920 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTEOF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 33 -WEST 39TH ST NEW YORK CITY MIDWINTER CONVENTION NUMBER rwf-;Irr New Hudson Ave. Station The Brooklyn Edison Coll, Turbine Room New Hudson Ave Station Hellsate PowerStation 50,0001041.7i/rho Generator N fa -9' 4 -` ' Industrie/ Lighting Demonstration Edison Lighting Institute 11 A Systems AThermionic 'Development Bell Telephone Speech Input Eouipment7 r Research B'ell Telephone Laboratory WEA-F, N.Y , ficA / Laboratory LaboratogIncNYIL Some Notable Electrical Engineering Features in and near New York Open to A. I. E. E. Members and Guests at Midwinter Com ention OFTHE American InstituteofElectricalEngineers PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 33 West 39th Street, New York Subscription.$10.00 per year to United States, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Phillipines, $10.50 to Canada and $11.00 to all other Countries.Single copies $1.00. Entered as matter of the second class at the Post Office, New York, N. Y., May 10, 1905, under the Act of Congress, March 3,1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3. 1917, authorized on August 3, 1918. Vol. XLV FEBRUARY, 1926 Number 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Papers, Discussions, Reports, Etc. Notes and Announcements 107 The Distance Range of Radio -Telephone Broad - Cipher Printing Telegraph Systems for Secret casting Stations 159 Wire and Radio Telegraphic Communica- The Cross -Field Theory of Alternating -Current tions, by G. S. Vernam 109 Machines, by H. R. West 160 Dielectric Phenomena 115 The Calculation of Magnetic Attraction by the Supervisory Systems for Electric Power Appara- Aid of Magnetic Figures, by Th. Lehmann... 167 tus, by Chester Lichtenberg 116 Discussion at Pacific Coast Convention Flux in a Circular Circuit, by Carl Hering 123 Application of Electric Propulsion to Double - The Ratings of Electrical Machines as Affected by EndedFerry -Boats,.(Kennedyand Altitude, by Carl Feehheimer 124 Smith) 174 Railway Electrification in Java Planned 130 A High -Voltage Distributing System, (Glen A New Wave -Shape Factor and Meter, by L. A. H. Smith) 174 Doggett, J. W. Heim and M. W. White 131 On the Nature of Corona Loss, (Hesselmeyer U. S. Has Five Radio Stations to Every One in and Kostko) 175 Europe 136 Power Distribution and Telephone Circuits- Terms of Applications for Broadcasting License in Inductive and Physical Relations, (True - India Changed 136 blood and Cone) 177 Voltage for Home Use 136 Opportunities and Problems in the Electric Current Limiting Reactors with Fire -Proof Insu- Distribution System, (Blake) 180 lation on the Conductor, by F. H. Kierstead.. 137 DistributiontoSupplyIncreasing Load PreventianofDeteriorationofVulcanized Densities, (Crawford) 184 Rubber 141 Spans having Supports at Unequal Elevation, Practical Aspects of System Stability, by Roy (Smith) 186 Wilkins 142 Distribution Line Practise of the San Joaquin Correspondence Light and Power Corporation, (Moore and Minor) 1 88 Leakage Reactance, by W. V. Lyons 151 Illumination Items Radio Sets on Farms 152 Depreciation of the Reflecting Properties of Starting Characteristics and Control of Polyphase White Paints 188 Squirrel -Cage Induction Motors, by Horace Dielectric Constant, Power Factor and Resist - M. Norman 153 ivity of Rubber 190 Institute and Related Activities Midwinter Convention, February 8-11 191 Can American and British Screw Threads Regional Meeting at Cleveland, March 18-19 192 Be Unified? 197 Niagara Falls and Madison, Wis., Regional Meet- Sharon, Pa., Has New Section 197 ings in May 193 New Metallurgical Laboratories 197 Student Convention at Cambridge 193 Monthly Bulletin of the Mexico Section 197 Future Section Meetings 193 G. E. Review Plans 5 -Year Index ' 197 American Engineering Council National AcademyofSciencesAppealsfor Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C., January Research Funds 197 13-15, 1926 193 Personal Mention 197 John Fritz Medal Awarded to Edward Dean Addresses Wanted 198 Adams 195 Obituary 198 RelationofDieselElectricLocomotiveto Engineering Societies Library 199 Electrification 195 Book Review 200 Engineering Foundation Past Section and Branch Meetings 200 A Platform for Engineering Foundation- Engineering Societies Employment Service 203 An Announcement 195 American Erncineering Standards Committee Membership and Application and Transfer 204 New Limit -Gage for Mass Production 196 Officers of A. L E. E 213 Unification of Wire and Sheet Metal Gages Local Honorary Secretaries 213 Proposed 196 Digest of Current Industrial News 214 A REQUEST FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS must be received at Institute headquartersat least ton days before the dato of issue with which It is to take effect.Duplicate copies cannot be sent without charge to replace those issues undelivered through failure to send such advance notice.With your new address ho sure to mention the old one, indicating also any change in business connectior; Copyright 1926.By A. I. E. E. Printed In U. S. A. Premission is given to reprint any article after its date of publication, providedproper credit is given. Current Electrical Articles Published by Other Societies Engineers and Engineering, December, 1925 Motorbus as an Adjunct to the Street Railway, by B. II. Iloilo,' Power Plant of the Motorbus, by J. C. Thinl%;t11 Illinois Engineer, December, 1925 Controlling Electric Motors, F. R. Fishlwk Iron and Steel Engineer, December, 1925 Selection of Electric Drives for Reversing Mills, by L. k. Umansky Electrical Rolling Mills, by D. W. Blakeslee Proceedings of the New York Railroad Club, November 20, 1925 Electrification Achievement-Passenger Service onII& 0 Staten Island Lines, by J. H. Davis Journal of the A. I. E. E. Devoted to the advancement of the theory and practise of electrical engineering and the allied arts and sciences Vol. XLV FEBRUARY, 1926 Number 2 The Invisible Service meaning to the most sublime edifice known to man, of Science to the starry vault of heaven. Service of Science reminds us first of the visible serv- 2.SCIENCE OF ELECTRICITY IN MOTION ice of science, which one can see in every nook and The second physical reality revealed itself through corner of our daily life.But there is an invisible serv-the science of electricity in motion.Among those ice of science which has a purely intellectual, esthetic,who laid the foundation to this physical reality Fara- and spiritual value.This is the service to which Iday must be mentioned first.He discovered the wish to call attention.In this connection it is well tomeaning of acceleration in electrical motions; he is point out at this very outset that during the last threethe Galileo of the Electrical science.But who is its hundred years, since the pilgrim fathers landed atNewton?Sixty years ago Maxwell spoke like a Plymouth rock, science has revealed three distinctprophet when he made the startling announcement physical realities.The first physical reality was re-that radiation of light and heat is a manifestation of vealed through the science of matter in motion; themoving electricity.The prophecy came true and Max- second, through the science of electricity in motion;well rose to .the lofty position of a Newton of electrical and the third, through the science of energy in motion. science.Its achievements during the last sixty years Each one of these contributes a service which is notare the fruits of our efforts to find a complete interpreta- visible in every nook and corner of our daily life; buttion of Maxwell's prophecy.The. greatest among it has an intellectual as well as an esthetic and.spiritualthem is the discovery that the origin of all radiation is value. in the motions of the tiny electrons which ,are, as far as we know today, the immutable primordial building 1. THE SCIENCE OF MATTER IN MOTION stones of the material universe.Atoms have been re- The first physical reality revealed by the science ofvealed to us as complex structures, made up of positive matter in motion announced its approach three hun-and negative electrons, the unchangeable granules of dred years ago, when Galileo discovered the concept ofthat subtle substance which we call electricity.Every- acceleratiOn and its relation to the moving force.Athing that moves and has its being in this boundless hundred years later Newton finished the work whichuniverse seems to be deriving its breath of existence Galileo had commenced; he placed the crowning domefrom the electrical forces which have their origin in upon the beautiful intellectual structure the foundationthe tiny electrons.The combined activities of these of which had been laid by Galileo.The Galileo -Newtoninfinitely small but infinitely numerous workers is the science of matter in motion, the science of dynamics, isactivity of that stupendous unit, called the universe. this intellectual structure.It revealed the first phys-The book of Genesis, composed by a Moses of modern ical reality which is our earliest scientific knowledge ofscience, would probably start as follows: the material unvierse.Nothing exhibits the beauty In the beginning God said :Let electricity move, and of this reality so well as the motion of the planetsthe embryo of the universe began to form. around the sun. Here we have a cosmic system of If the contemplation of .this physical reality does not bodies, in whch each part moves along a definite path uplift the soul of man and stimulate its intellectual and with a precision unattainable in any mechanism con-esthetic as well as its spiritual activity then St. Paul structed by the hand of man. And yet the onlywas in error when he said:"We all with open face guiding force in this perfect order is the gravitationalbeholding the glory of the Lord are changed into the action of matter, operatingaccording to laws ofsame image from glory to glory lf childlike simplicity.Michelangelo, we know, rendered immortal service to the intellectualas well as to the3.THE SCIENCE OF RADIENT ENERGY IN MOTION esthetic and spiritual activity of the human soul, These two physical realities prepared the human when he impressed his genius upon that magnificentmind for a third physical reality which is being revealed edifice on the Vatican Hill, St.
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