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Promoting Seattle During the Gold Rush. a Historic Resource Study for the Seattle Unit of the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park

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Promoting Seattle During the Gold Rush. a Historic Resource Study for the Seattle Unit of the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park DOCUMENT RESUME ED 437 334 SO 031 419 AUTHOR Mighetto, Lisa; Montgomery, Marcia Babcock TITLE Hard Drive to the Klondike: Promoting Seattle during the Gold Rush. A Historic Resource Study for the Seattle Unit of the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park. SPONS AGENCY National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1998-11-00 NOTE 407p. AVAILABLE FROM National Park Service, Columbia Cascades Support Office, Attn: Cultural Resources, 909 First Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-1060. For full text: <http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/k1se/hrstoc.htm>. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Built Environment; *Cultural Context; Heritage Education; History Instruction; Local History; *Municipalities; Secondary Education; *Social History; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Alaska; Historical Research; National Register of Historic Places; Urban Development; *Washington (Seattle) ABSTRACT The Alaskan Klondike Gold Rush coincided with major events, including the arrival of the railroad, and it exemplified continuing trends in Seattle's (Washington) history. If not the primary cause of the city's growth and prosperity, the Klondike Gold Rush nonetheless serves as a colorful reflection of the era and its themes, including the celebrated "Seattle spirit." This historic resource study examines the Klondike Gold Rush, beginning in the early 1850's with the founding of Seattle, and ending in 1909 with the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition commemorating the Klondike Gold Rush and the growth of the city. Chapter 1 describes early Seattle and the gold strikes in the Klondike, while the following three chapters analyze (how the city became the gateway to the Yukon, how the stampede to theFar 'North stimulated local businesses, and how the city's infrastructure and boundaries changed during the era of the gold rush. Chapter 5 looks at how historians have interpreted the Klondike Gold Rush throughout the 20th century. The final chapter brings the Klondike story up to the present, describing the establishment of Seattle's Pioneer Square Historic District and the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park. The chapter titles include: (1) "'By-and-By': The Early History of Seattle"; (2) "Selling Seattle"; (3) "Reaping the Profits of the Klondike Trade"; (4) "Building the City"; (5) "Interpreting the Klondike Gold Rush"; and (6)"Historic Resources in the Modern Era." Contains an extensive 147-item partially annotated bibliography; 12 appendixes contain historical documents and photographs. (BT) POOR PRINT QUALITY Pgs YY 569 {g 3I Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Hard .Drive to the Promoting Seattle BuOng the Gold. :Rush A^ HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY FOR THE SEATTLE UNIT OF THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK 6The fiold Fever Is Raging" And we are working night and day putting up the very best outfits that money can buyout- fitsthat will make youglad when yuu get there.Wehavo pat up miners' outfits for years, And can give you some good, healthy advice as to what you should and what you should nut take. seo to It that your hill of fare 113 well balancednot too much of this anti too little of that.as Cor) thechances are aanist;z your evening It lip to your satisfac- reowei thin when you get to thu GOLD! GOLD! GOLD! GOLD! 7t- KLONDYKE Sixty-Eight Rich Menon the Steamer Portland. ,tr. ikocER§, I.,%.0.6.%./..44'Oin OCCIDENTAL..AV.e. STICKS OF YELLOW METAL! U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Eeucatfonte Research and Improvement C4f) EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received itC411 the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions staled in this document do not necessarily represent ST COPY MI LE official OERI position or policy. HARD DRIVE TO THE KLONDIKE: PROMOTING SEATTLE DURING THE GOLD RUSH A HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY FOR THE SEATTLE UNIT OF THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Prepared for NATIONAL PARK SERVICE COLUMBIA CASCADES SUPPORT OFFICE Prepared by Lisa Mighetto Marcia Babcock Montgomery Historical Research Associates, Inc. Seattle, Washington November 1998 , 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the following individuals who reviewed this work for the National Park Service: Edwin C. Bearss, Marc Blackburn, Betsy Duncan-Clark, Gretchen Luxenberg, and Frank Norris. Terrence Cole of the Department of History at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks reviewed the manuscript as well, and he provided illustrations and research materials. Richard Engeman of the Special Collections Division at the University of Washington; Lorraine McConaghy of the Museum of History and Industry, Seattle; and Robert Weaver of Hart-Crowser, Inc., Seattle also provided research materials and valuable suggestions. Additional repositories consulted included the following: Alaska and Polar Regions Archives, Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Bellingham Public Library; British Library, London; Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Library, Seattle; Jefferson County Historical Society Museum, Port Townsend; Oregon History Center, Portland; Seattle City Archives; Seattle Department of Construction and Land Use; Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, Office of Urban Conservation; Seattle Public Library; Tacoma Public Library; Vancouver City Archives, British Columbia; Washington State Archives, Puget Sound Regional Branch; and the Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma. We are grateful to their staffs for their time and attention. Lastly, we appreciated the efforts of Carol Conrad, Linda Naoi Goetz, and Beverly Hawkins of Historical Research Associates, Inc. in assisting with formatting and layout of the text and images. Lisa Mighetto Marcia Babcock Montgomery Seattle, 1998 Klondike Gold Rush Historic Resource Study Page i 2 yr Pioneer Square, including the Maynard Building (pictured left), Pioneer Building (in the middle), and the Hotel Seattle (pictured right) during the Klondike Gold Rush era, 1899. Pioneer Square from a similar vantage point a century later, 1998. 5 COPY AMABLE TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i TABLE OF CONTENTS iii INTRODUCTION THE LEGACY OF THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH 1 CHAPTER ONE "BY-AND-BY": THE EARLY HISTORY OF SEATTLE 9 CHAPTER TWO SELLING SEATTLE 37 CHAPTER THREE REAPING THE PROFITS OF THE KLONDIKE TRADE 67 CHAPTER FOUR BUILDING THE CITY 117 CHAPTER FIVE INTERPRETING THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH 143 CHAPTER SIX HISTORIC RESOURCES IN THE MODERN ERA 159 BIBLIOGRAPHY 199 INDEX 215 APPENDIX A-1 U.S. Statute Creating the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Local Firms Involved with the Klondike Gold Rush and Still in Business Locally Pioneer Square Historic District National Register Nomination (Established, 1970) Pioneer Square Historic District National Register Nomination (Boundary Extension, 1978) Pioneer Square Historic District National Register Nomination (Boundary Extension, 1987) First Avenue Groups National Register Nomination U.S. Assay Office National Register Nomination Colman Building National Register Nomination Grand Pacific Hotel National Register Nomination Klondike Gold Rush Historic Resource Study Page iii Table of Contents Holyoke Building National Register Nomination Globe Building National Register Nomination Moore Theatre and Hotel National Register Nomniation Klondike Gold Rush Historic Resource Study 7 Page iv INTRODUCTION 8 INTRODUCTION THE LEGACY OF THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH "It was through the gold rush that Seattle learned the marketing flair it now applies to selling computer software or persuading people to pay $2 ... for a cup of coffee." The Economist, 1997 Seattle, according to a recent article in The Economist, "is remarkable for its golden touch." The metropolitan area serves as a base for Bill Gates, America's richest man, along with several thousand Microsoft millionaires. The city supports numerous companies recognized as "standard-setters in their businesses," including Boeing, Nordstrom, and Starbucks. Seattle became the largest city in the Pacific Northwest almost a century ago and for nearly that long historians and other analysts have examined the reasons for this growth. The Economist has offered an intriguing, if somewhat ahistorical, interpretation: what sets Seattle apart from other successful cities is a series of characteristics resulting from the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897 1898.' During these years, thousands of prospectors headed for the Far North, passing through San Francisco, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria, and Vancouver, British Columbia. Of the approximately 100,000 miners who started for the gold fields, 70,000 used Seattle as their point of departure.2 For the most part, however, it was not the stampeders who struck it rich. As was the case with other gold rushes in the western United States, it was the merchants who profited from the Klondike Gold Rush and Seattle provides an excellent example of how this event encouraged population growth and the development of businesses that outfitted and transported the miners. During the late 1890s, "Klondike" became a "magic word," and Seattle merchants used it to sell a variety of goods and services.3 The Klondike Gold Rush fueled a longstanding commercial spirit in Seattle that has continued through the present. John Nordstrom and George Bartell, for example, started companies during this era, providing
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