DOCSLIB.ORG

Rail Transit Capacity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rail Transit Capacity 7UDQVLW&DSDFLW\DQG4XDOLW\RI6HUYLFH0DQXDO PART 3 RAIL TRANSIT CAPACITY CONTENTS 1. RAIL CAPACITY BASICS ..................................................................................... 3-1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3-1 Grouping ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 The Basics................................................................................................................... 3-2 Design versus Achievable Capacity ............................................................................ 3-3 Service Headway..................................................................................................... 3-4 Line Capacity .......................................................................................................... 3-5 Train Control Throughput....................................................................................... 3-5 Commuter Rail Throughput .................................................................................... 3-6 Station Dwells ......................................................................................................... 3-6 Train/Car Capacity...................................................................................................... 3-7 Introduction............................................................................................................. 3-7 Car Capacity............................................................................................................ 3-7 Train Capacity......................................................................................................... 3-7 Station Constraints .................................................................................................. 3-8 2. TRAIN CONTROL AND SIGNALING.................................................................. 3-9 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3-9 Fixed-Block Systems................................................................................................... 3-9 Cab Signaling............................................................................................................ 3-10 Moving-Block Signaling Systems ............................................................................. 3-10 Safety Issues.......................................................................................................... 3-11 Hybrid Systems ......................................................................................................... 3-11 Automatic Train Operation ....................................................................................... 3-11 Automatic Train Supervision .................................................................................... 3-12 Fixed-Block Throughput........................................................................................... 3-12 Station Close-In Time ........................................................................................... 3-12 Moving-Block Throughput ................................................................................... 3-16 Turn-Back Throughput.............................................................................................. 3-18 Junction Throughput ................................................................................................. 3-19 Summary ................................................................................................................... 3-21 3. STATION DWELL TIMES ................................................................................... 3-23 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3-23 Dwell Time Components....................................................................................... 3-23 Doorway Flow Rates............................................................................................. 3-25 Estimating Dwell Times........................................................................................ 3-27 4. PASSENGER LOADING LEVELS ...................................................................... 3-29 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3-29 Loading Standards..................................................................................................... 3-29 Space Requirements.................................................................................................. 3-30 Vehicle Specific Calculations ............................................................................... 3-31 Default Method ..................................................................................................... 3-33 Length ....................................................................................................................... 3-33 Loading Diversity...................................................................................................... 3-35 Part 3/RAIL TRANSIT CAPACITY Page 3-i Contents 7UDQVLW&DSDFLW\DQG4XDOLW\RI6HUYLFH0DQXDO 5. OPERATING ISSUES............................................................................................ 3-39 Introduction...............................................................................................................3-39 Operating Margins.....................................................................................................3-39 Estimating Margins ...................................................................................................3-43 Skip-Stop Operation..................................................................................................3-43 Passenger-Actuated Doors ........................................................................................3-44 Other Station Constraints ..........................................................................................3-44 Wheelchair Accommodations....................................................................................3-45 6. GRADE-SEPARATED SYSTEMS CAPACITY.................................................. 3-47 Introduction...............................................................................................................3-47 The Weakest Link .....................................................................................................3-47 Growth and Achievable Capacity..............................................................................3-48 Simple Procedure ..................................................................................................3-48 Complete Procedure ..............................................................................................3-52 7. LIGHT RAIL CAPACITY..................................................................................... 3-63 Introduction...............................................................................................................3-63 Selecting the Weakest Link.......................................................................................3-63 Other Capacity Issues............................................................................................3-63 Single Track ..............................................................................................................3-64 Calculating Single-Track Headway Restrictions ...................................................3-64 Signaled Sections ......................................................................................................3-66 On-street Operation...................................................................................................3-66 Determining On-Street Capacity ...........................................................................3-67 Right-of-Way with Grade Crossings .........................................................................3-68 Signal Pre-emption................................................................................................3-68 Grade Crossings and Station Dwell Times............................................................3-68 Train Length and Station Limitations........................................................................3-69 Street Block Length...............................................................................................3-69 Station Limitations ................................................................................................3-69 Wheelchair Accessibility Effects...............................................................................3-70 Introduction...........................................................................................................3-70 High Platforms ......................................................................................................3-71 Low-Floor Cars .....................................................................................................3-73 Capacity Determination Summary.............................................................................3-74 8. COMMUTER RAIL CAPACITY ......................................................................... 3-77 Introduction...............................................................................................................3-77
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4. Rail Capacity
    69719 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Transport Capacity Analysis Procedures for Developing Cities Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Jack Reilly and Herbert Levinson September, 2011 World Bank, Transport Research Support Program, TRS Public Disclosure Authorized With Support from UK Department for International Development 1 The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of a number of people in the development of this manual. Particular among these were Sam Zimmerman, consultant to the World Bank and Mr. Ajay Kumar, the World Bank project manager. We also benefitted greatly from the insights of Dario Hidalgo of EMBARQ. Further, we acknowledge the work of the staff of Transmilenio, S.A. in Bogota, especially Sandra Angel and Constanza Garcia for providing operating data for some of these analyses. A number of analyses in this manual were prepared by students from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. These include: Case study – Bogota Ivan Sanchez Case Study – Medellin Carlos Gonzalez-Calderon Simulation modeling Felipe Aros Vera Brian Maleck Michael Kukesh Sarah Ritter Platform evacuation Kevin Watral Sample problems Caitlynn Coppinger Vertical circulation Robyn Marquis Several procedures and tables in this report were adapted from the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, published by the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Public Transport Analysis Procedures for Developing Cities 2 Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Field Guide to the Water Life
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Field Guide To The Water Life Of Britain by Reader's Digest Association Britain's Butterflies A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Britain’s Butterflies is a comprehensive and beautifully designed photographic field guide to the butterflies of Britain and Ireland. Containing hundreds of stunning colour photographs, the fourth edition has been extensively revised and updated, and provides the latest information on every species ever recorded. It covers in detail the identification of all 59 butterfly species that breed regularly, as well as four former breeders, 10 rare migrants and one species of unknown status. The easy-to-use format will enable butterfly watchers – beginners or experts – to identify any species they encounter. Produced in association with Butterfly Conservation, the fourth edition features new introductory sections on the identification of more difficult groups; revised maps that show the latest distributions recorded by the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme; expanded sections on food plants and on recording and monitoring; a new section on climate change; and a revised species order reflecting the latest taxonomy. Customer Reviews. Biography. David Newland has been a butterfly enthusiast since boyhood. He is the author of Discover Butterflies in Britain and the coauthor of Britain's Day- flying Moths (both WILDGuides). Robert Still , the cofounder of WILDGuides, is an ecologist and graphic artist, and has designed more than thirty of its titles. Andy Swash , the managing director of WILDGuides, is an ecologist and wildlife photographer. Swash and Still are the coauthors of a number of books, including Britain's Habitats , Britain's Dragonflies , Britain's Day-flying Moths and Britain's Sea Mammals (all WILDGuides).
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Elevator Performance by Monitoring Elevator Cab Volume by James O’Laughlin
    EW ECO-ISSUES: Continuing Education Improving Elevator Performance by Monitoring Elevator Cab Volume by James O’Laughlin Learning Objectives After reading this article, you should: N Understand why some elevator applications have the problem of full elevator cabs stopping unnecessarily to service hall calls. N Be able to describe several methods that help minimize the problem of full elevator cabs stopping unnecessarily to serv- ice hall calls. N Recognize why camera technol- ogy provides a better solution for monitoring consumed elevator- cab volume. N Know the application require- ments for monitoring consumed CEDES ESPROS/VOL camera installation (photo elevator-cab volume using courtesy of New York Elevator) infrared camera technology. sponding to hall calls. Increasing the N Obtain knowledge regarding the number of elevators is one possibil- installation and operation of the ity, but is generally cost prohibitive. CEDES ESPROS/VOL Camera Destination-dispatch systems can sensor. also help to alleviate this issue. How- ever, destination-dispatch systems Optimal elevator system perform- are best implemented in new instal- ance has always been a concern for lations, and also may be cost prohib- facilities and building management. itive for modernization applications. People expect that the elevator will More cost-effective solutions include Value: 1 contact hour arrive shortly after they press the hall using load-weighing systems or call button. When the elevator ar- camera-based monitoring to deter- This article is part of ELEVATOR WORLD’s mine a threshold that corresponds to rives, people are disappointed when Continuing Education program. Elevator-industry it is full, and they have to press the the consumed volume inside the ele- personnel required to obtain continuing-education hall call button and wait for the next vator cab.
    [Show full text]
  • Metro Rail Design Criteria Section 10 Operations
    METRO RAIL DESIGN CRITERIA SECTION 10 OPERATIONS METRO RAIL DESIGN CRITERIA SECTION 10 / OPERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.1 INTRODUCTION 1 10.2 DEFINITIONS 1 10.3 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PLAN 5 Metro Baseline 10- i Re-baseline: 06/15/10 METRO RAIL DESIGN CRITERIA SECTION 10 / OPERATIONS OPERATIONS 10.1 INTRODUCTION Transit Operations include such activities as scheduling, crew rostering, running and supervision of revenue trains and vehicles, fare collection, system security and system maintenance. This section describes the basic system wide operating and maintenance philosophies and methodologies set forth for the Metro Rail Projects, which shall be used by designer in preparation of an Operations and Maintenance Plan. An initial Operations and Maintenance Plan (OMP) is developed during the environmental phase and is based on ridership forecasts produced during this early planning phase of a project. From this initial Operations and Maintenance plan, headways are established that are to be evaluated by a rail operations simulation upon which design and operating headways can be established to confirm operational goals for light and heavy rail systems. The Operations and Maintenance Plan shall be developed in order to design effective, efficient and responsive transit system. The operations criteria and requirements established herein represent Metro’s Rail Operating Requirements / Criteria applicable to all rail projects and form the basis for the project-specific operational design decisions. They shall be utilized by designer during preparation of Operations and Maintenance Plan. Any proposed deviation to Design Criteria cited herein shall be approved by Metro, as represented by the Change Control Board, consisting of management responsible for project construction, engineering and management, as well as daily rail operations, planning, systems and vehicle maintenance with appropriate technical expertise and understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadway Triangle Redevelopment Project Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York
    BROADWAY TRIANGLE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT WILLIAMSBURG, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK PHASE IA CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Prepared For: New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development New York, New York Prepared By: The Louis Berger Group, Inc. New York, New York February 2009 BROADWAY TRIANGLE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT, WILLIAMSBURG, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK PHASE IA CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Prepared For: New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development New York, New York Prepared By: Tina Fortugno, RPA Zachary J. Davis, RPA Deborah Van Steen The Louis Berger Group, Inc. New York, New York February 2009 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) is seeking discretionary actions in order to facilitate the redevelopment of a nine-block area known as Broadway Triangle, located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The Proposed Action includes zoning map amendments to generally rezone the existing M1-2 Manufacturing District to Residential and Commercial Districts; zoning text amendments to establish Inclusionary Housing in the proposed R6A and R7A zoning districts; the disposition of City-owned properties; Urban Development Action Area Projects designation; the modification of an Urban Renewal Plan; and City Acquisition through eminent domain. The Project Area encompasses approximately 31 acres and is generally bounded by Flushing Avenue to the south, Throop Avenue to the east, Lynch Street to the north, and Union Avenue, Walton Street, and Harrison Avenue to the west. As part of this action, the HPD is undertaking an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed Broadway Triangle Redevelopment Project. Consideration for cultural resources, including both archaeological and historic architectural resources, must be undertaken as part of the City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR) process.
    [Show full text]
  • MDTA Metromover Extensions Transfer Analysis Final Technical Memorandum 3, April 1994
    Center for Urban Transportation Research METRO-DADE TRANSIT AGENCY MDTA Metromover Extensions Transfer Analysis FINAL Technical Memorandum Number 3 Analysis of Impacts of Proposed Transfers Between Bus and Mover CUllR University of South Florida College of Engineering (Cf~-~- METRO-DADE TRANSIT AGENCY MDTA Metromover Extensions Transfer Analysis FINAL Technical Memorandum Number 3 Analysis of Impacts of Proposed Transfers Between Bus and Mover Prepared for Metro-Dade.. Transit Agency lft M E T R 0 D A D E 1 'I'··.·-.·.· ... .· ','··-,·.~ ... • R,,,.""' . ,~'.'~:; ·.... :.:~·-·· ,.,.,.,_, ,"\i :··-·· ".1 •... ,:~.: .. ::;·~·~·;;·'-_i; ·•· s· .,,.· - I ·1· Prepared by Center for Urban Transportation Research College of Engineering University of South Florida Tampa, Florida CUTR APRIL 1994 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NUMBER 3 Analysis of Impacts of Proposed Transfers between Bus and Mover Technical Memorandum Number 3 analyzes the impacts of the proposed transfers between Metrobus and the new legs of the Metromover scheduled to begin operation in late May 1994. Impacts on passengers walk distance from mover stations versus current bus stops, and station capacity will also be examined. STATION CAPACITY The following sections briefly describe the bus terminal/transfer locations for the Omni and Brickell Metromover Stations. Bus to mover transfers and bus route service levels are presented for each of the two Metromover stations. Figure 1 presents the Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) in the CBD, as well as a graphical representation of the Metromover alignment. Omni Station The Omni bus terminal adjacent to the Omni Metromover Station is scheduled to open along with the opening of the Metromover extensions in late May 1994. The Omni bus terminal/Metromover Station is bounded by Biscayne Boulevard, 14th Terrace, Bayshore Drive, and NE 15th Street.
    [Show full text]
  • Journals | Penn State Libraries Open Publishing
    I I • I • I• .1.1' D . , I * ' PA « ~** • * ' > . Mechanized streetcars rose out ofa need toreplace horse- the wide variety ofdifferent electric railway systems, no single drawn streetcars. The horse itselfpresented the greatest problems: system had yet emerged as the industry standard. Early lines horses could only work a few hours each day; they were expen- tended tobe underpowered and prone to frequent equipment sive to house, feed and clean up after; ifdisease broke out within a failure. The motors on electric cars tended to make them heavier stable, the result could be a financial catastrophe for a horsecar than either horsecars or cable cars, requiring a company to operator; and, they pulled the car at only 4 to 6 miles per hour. 2 replace its existing rails withheavier ones. Due to these circum- The expenses incurred inoperating a horsecar line were stances, electric streetcars could not yet meet the demands of staggering. For example, Boston's Metropolitan Railroad required densely populated areas, and were best operated along short 3,600 horses to operate its fleet of700 cars. The average working routes serving relatively small populations. life of a car horse was onlyfour years, and new horses cost $125 to The development of two rivaltechnological systems such as $200. Itwas common practice toprovide one stable hand for cable and electric streetcars can be explained by historian every 14 to 20horses inaddition to a staff ofblacksmiths and Thomas Parke Hughes's model ofsystem development. Inthis veterinarians, and the typical car horse consumed up to 30 pounds model, Hughes describes four distinct phases ofsystem growth: ofgrain per day.
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast Corridor Chase, Maryland January 4, 1987
    PB88-916301 NATIONAL TRANSPORT SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 20594 RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT REAR-END COLLISION OF AMTRAK PASSENGER TRAIN 94, THE COLONIAL AND CONSOLIDATED RAIL CORPORATION FREIGHT TRAIN ENS-121, ON THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR CHASE, MARYLAND JANUARY 4, 1987 NTSB/RAR-88/01 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2.Government Accession No. 3.Recipient's Catalog No. NTSB/RAR-88/01 . PB88-916301 Title and Subtitle Railroad Accident Report^ 5-Report Date Rear-end Collision of'*Amtrak Passenger Train 949 the January 25, 1988 Colonial and Consolidated Rail Corporation Freight -Performing Organization Train ENS-121, on the Northeast Corridor, Code Chase, Maryland, January 4, 1987 -Performing Organization 7. "Author(s) ~~ Report No. Performing Organization Name and Address 10.Work Unit No. National Transportation Safety Board Bureau of Accident Investigation .Contract or Grant No. Washington, D.C. 20594 k3-Type of Report and Period Covered 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Iroad Accident Report lanuary 4, 1987 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD Washington, D. C. 20594 1*+.Sponsoring Agency Code 15-Supplementary Notes 16 Abstract About 1:16 p.m., eastern standard time, on January 4, 1987, northbound Conrail train ENS -121 departed Bay View yard at Baltimore, Mary1 and, on track 1. The train consisted of three diesel-electric freight locomotive units, all under power and manned by an engineer and a brakeman. Almost simultaneously, northbound Amtrak train 94 departed Pennsylvania Station in Baltimore. Train 94 consisted of two electric locomotive units, nine coaches, and three food service cars. In addition to an engineer, conductor, and three assistant conductors, there were seven Amtrak service employees and about 660 passengers on the train.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 3 of the Bibliography Catalogue
    Bibliography - L&NWR Society Periodicals Part 3 - Railway Magazine Registered Charity - L&NWRSociety No. 1110210 Copyright LNWR Society 2012 Title Year Volume Page Railway Magazine Photos. Junction at Craven Arms Photos. Tyne-Mersey Power. Lime Street, Diggle 138 Why and Wherefore. Soho Road station 465 Recent Work by British Express Locomotives Inc. Photo. 2-4-0 No.419 Zillah 1897 01/07 20 Some Racing Runs and Trial Trips. 1. The Race to Edinburgh 1888 - The Last Day 1897 01/07 39 What Our Railways are Doing. Presentation to F.Harrison from Guards 1897 01/07 90 What Our Railways are Doing. Trains over 50 mph 1897 01/07 90 Pertinent Paragraphs. Jubilee of 'Cornwall' 1897 01/07 94 Engine Drivers and their Duties by C.J.Bowen Cooke. Describes Rugby with photos at the 1897 01/08 113 Photo.shed. 'Queen Empress' on corridor dining train 1897 01/08 133 Some Railway Myths. Inc The Bloomers, with photo and Precedent 1897 01/08 160 Petroleum Fuel for Locomotives. Inc 0-4-0WT photo. 1897 01/08 170 What The Railways are Doing. Services to Greenore. 1897 01/08 183 Pertinent Paragraphs. 'Jubilee' class 1897 01/08 187 Pertinent Paragraphs. List of 100 mile runs without a stop 1897 01/08 190 Interview Sir F.Harrison. Gen.Manager .Inc photos F.Harrison, Lord Stalbridge,F.Ree, 1897 01/09 193 TheR.Turnbull Euston Audit Office. J.Partington Chief of Audit Dept.LNW. Inc photos. 1897 01/09 245 24 Hours at a Railway Junction. Willesden (V.L.Whitchurch) 1897 01/09 263 What The Railways are Doing.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Changes in Rail Shipping Mechanisms for Grain
    Agribusiness and Applied Economics Report No. 798 June 2020 Dynamic Changes in Rail Shipping Mechanisms for Grain Dr. William W Wilson Department of Agribusiness & Applied Economics Agricultural Experiment Station North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58108-6050 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NDSU does not discriminate in its programs and activities on the basis of age, color, gender expression/identity, genetic information, marital status, national origin, participation in lawful off-campus activity, physical or mental disability, pregnancy, public assistance status, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, spousal relationship to current employee, or veteran status, as applicable. Direct inquiries to Vice Provost for Title IX/ADA Coordinator, Old Main 201, NDSU Main Campus, 7901-231-7708, ndsu.eoaa.ndsu.edu. This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people with disabilities upon request, 701-231-7881. NDSU is an equal opportunity institution. Copyright ©2020 by William W. Wilson. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ABSTRACT Grain shipping involves many sources of risk and uncertainty. In response to these dynamic challenges faced by shippers, railroad carriers offer various types of forward contracting and allocation instruments. An important feature of the U.S. grain marketing system is that there are now a number of pricing and allocation mechanisms used by most rail carriers. These have evolved since the late 1980’s and have had important changes in their features over time. The operations and impact of these mechanisms are not well understood, yet are frequently the subject of public criticism and studies and at the same time are revered by (some) market participants.
    [Show full text]
  • Headway and Speed Data Acquisition Using Video
    TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1225 Headway and Speed Data Acquisition Using Video M. A. P. TayroR, W. YouNc, eNp R. G. THonlpsoN Accurate knowledge of vehicle speeds headways and on trallÌc ment (such as a freeway) before this study, so there was an networks is a fundamental part of transport systems modelling. excellent opportunity to evaluate the system and suggest mod- Video and recently developed automatic data-extraction tecñ- ifications to it. This equipment also made niques have the potential to provide a cheap, quick, easy, and it feasible to inves- accurate method of investigating traflic systems. This paper pre- tigate the relationship between vehicle speeds and location in sents two studies that use video-based equipment to investigate the car parks. character of vehicle speeds and headways. Investigation oÌ head- rvays on freeway traffic allows the potential of this technology in a high-speed environment to be determined. Its application to the THE VIDEO SYSTEM study ofspeeds in parking lots enabled its usefulneis in low-speed environments to be studied. The data obtained from the video was Using film equipment compared to traditional methods of collecting headway and speed to obtain a permanent record of vehicle data. movements is not a new concept. However, considerable recent developments have occurred in collecting data using video. Digital image-processing applications offer the potential to In particular, ARRB has developed a trailer-mounted video automate a large number of traffic surveys. It is, therefore, recording system (3). This relatively new equipment has until not surprising that considerable interest has been directed at recently experienced only a limited range of applications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Copenhagen Test and Treat Hepatitis C in a Mobile
    Open access Protocol BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039724 on 9 November 2020. Downloaded from The Copenhagen test and treat hepatitis C in a mobile clinic study: a protocol for an intervention study to enhance the HCV cascade of care for people who inject drugs (T’N’T HepC) Jeffrey Victor Lazarus ,1 Anne Øvrehus,2 Jonas Demant,3 Louise Krohn- Dehli,4 Nina Weis 4,5 To cite: Lazarus JV, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Øvrehus A, Demant J, et al. Introduction Injecting drug use is the primary driver of The Copenhagen test and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe. Despite the ► This protocol presents one of the first studies glob- treat hepatitis C in a mobile need for more engagement with care, people who inject clinic study: a protocol for an ally to employ a peer-led integrated model of care, drugs (PWID) are hard to reach with HCV testing and intervention study to enhance with the latest point-of- care technology, to target treatment. We initiated a study to evaluate the efficacy for the HCV cascade of care people who inject drugs for hepatitis C testing, treat- testing and linkage to care among PWID consulting peer- for people who inject drugs ment and care outside of addiction treatment. (T’N’T HepC). based testing at a mobile clinic in Copenhagen, Denmark. BMJ Open ► The study will use both antibody rapid detection Methods and analysis In this intervention study, we will 2020;10:e039724. doi:10.1136/ tests and RNA point- of-care testing in order to sim- bmjopen-2020-039724 recruit participants at a single community- based, peer- run plify and expedite hepatitis C diagnosis.
    [Show full text]