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Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of September 2005 Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: P Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti University of California-Davis Armand R. Maggenti University of California, Davis Scott Gardner [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology Part of the Zoology Commons Maggenti, Mary Ann Basinger; Maggenti, Armand R.; and Gardner, Scott, "Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: P" (2005). Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology 651 palaeartic region A zoogeographical region encompassing P Europe and northern Asia including Japan, the Middle and Near East and areas along the southern coast of the Medi- terranean Sea. palatal a. [L. palatum, palate] 1. Belonging to the outer lip. 2. P 1 In Mendel's laws, the first parental generation; parents of a (MOLL: Gastropoda) Referring to folds and lamellae of the given individual of the F 1 generation. shell. pachynema n. [Gr. pachys, thick; nema, thread] Thickened, palatal setae (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Culicidae, four small pe- paired chromosomes of meiosis prophase I, third stage; glike cibarial setae located on the anterior hard palate. sometimes used as a synonym of pachytene. palate n. [L. palatum, roof of the mouth] 1. (ARTHRO: Diplo- pachyodont a. [Gr. pachys, thick; odous, tooth] (MOLL: Bival- poda) The endostome. 2. (ARTHRO: Insecta) The epiphar- via) With heavy, blunt, amorphous teeth. ynx. 3. (BRYO: Gymnolaemata) In Cheilostomata, the man- dibular part of the avicularium. pachytene n. [Gr. pachys, thick; tainia, ribbon] A prophase I stage in meiosis in which the chromosomes are thickened palatum n. [L. palatum, roof of the mouth] (ARTHRO: Insecta) and paired and crossing over occurs. see pachynema. In Culicidae, the oral surfaces of the labrum and clypeus; divided into labropalatum and clypeopalatum. pad n. [origin uncertain] (MOLL: Bivalvia) In oysters, a thin aragonite layer on which the adductor muscle is inserted. palea n.; pl. paleae [L. palea, chaff] (ANN: Polychaeta) A broad flattened seta used for burrowing. paedogenesis n. [Gr. pais, child; gennaein, to produce] 1. (ARTHRO: Insecta) Parthenogenetic reproduction by insect paleospecies n. [Gr. palaios, ancient; L. species, form] Fossils larvae structurally unable to copulate. 2. Progenesis. see that are placed in a species because of similar appearance. neoteny. paleotropical n. [Gr. palaios, ancient; tropos, turn] Of or per- paedomorphosis n. [Gr. pais, child; morphosis, shaping] taining to the tropical or subtropical regions of the old Evolutionary change in which ancestrally immature struc- world. tures are retained. palette n. [L. pala, spade] (ARTHRO: Insecta) In males of Col- paedoparthenogenesis see paedogenesis eoptera, the modified cupule-bearing tarsus of an anterior leg. pagina n. [L. pagina, leaf] (ARTHRO: Insecta) The surface of a wing; inferior= lower surface; superior= upper surface. pali n.pl.; sing. palus [L. palus, stake] 1. (ARTHRO: Insecta) A straight or pointed spine. 2. (CNID: Anthozoa) Small ridges pagiopodous a. [Gr. pagios, solid; pous, foot] (ARTHRO: In- between the columella and septa of scleractinian corals. secta) In aquatic Hemiptera, refers to the posterior coxae having the articulation in the form of a hinge joint. see tro- palidium n.; pl. -ia [L. dim palus, stake] (ARTHRO: Insecta) In chalopodous. scarabaeoid larvae, a paired group of spines placed either before the anus or from the ends of the anal slit; the pali paired see didymous are recumbent and may occur in one to many rows. pairing a. [L. par, equal] Chromosome pairing, highly specific paliform lobe (CNID) A palus detached from the inner edge of association (side by side) of homologous chromosomes. a septum. pala n.; pl. palae [L. pala, shovel] (ARTHRO: Insecta) In corixid palingenesis n. [Gr. palin, back; genesis, descent] 1. Charac- Hemiptera, the tarsus modified as a hair-fringed scoop for teristics of an individual that repeats the phylogenetic de- particle feeding. 652 Maggenti and Gardner Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology 653 velopment of its taxon. 2. The regeneration or restoration next to the pallial line. of a lost part. 3. Abrupt metamorphosis. see cenogenesis, pallial retractor muscles Muscles that withdraw the edge of recapitulation theory. the pallium into the shell. palintrope n. [Gr. palin, back; tropos, turn] (BRACHIO) The re- pallial sinus 1. (BRACHIO) see mantle canal. 2. (MOLL: Bival- curved part of the ventral valve that fills the gap between via) A notch or recess in the pallial line. the beak and hinge line in the dorsal valve of some shells. palliobranchial fusion (MOLL: Bivalvia) Having the ctenidia palisade n. [L. palus, stake] (ARTHRO: Insecta) The clear re- outer tips fused to the mantle margin. gion formed around the rhabdom in a light-adapted eucone apposition eye when exposed to darkness. palliolum n. [L. dim. pallium, mantle] (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Siphonaptera, the outer (external) wall of the aedeagus. pallets n.pl. [L. dim. pala, spade] (MOLL: Bivalvia) Two vari- ously shaped calcareous structures at the siphonal tip of palliopedal a. [L. pallium, mantle; pedis, foot] (MOLL) Pertains some woodboring forms; abrading tools. to the mantle and foot. pallial a. [L. pallium, mantle] (MOLL) Of or pertaining to the pallioperitoneal a. [L. pallium, mantle; Gr. periteinein, to mantle. stretch around] (MOLL) Pertaining to a complex that in- cludes heart, renal organs, gonads and ctenidia. pallial artery (MOLL) An artery that supplies blood to the man- tle. pallium n. [L. pallium, mantle] 1. The mantle of a bivalve Mol- lusca or a Brachiopoda. 2. (ARTHRO: Insecta) In certain pallial chamber or cavity (MOLL) The mantle cavity. Orthoptera (Caelifera), a membrane from the free margin pallial complex (MOLL) All of the organs of the mantle cavity of the subgenital plate covering the retracted phallus. combined (ctenidia, osphradia, anus, renal and genital palm see manus openings and glands). palmaria, palmars see tertibrach pallial curtain (MOLL: Bivalvia) The inner fold of the mantle edge of oysters, with a row of tentacles, supplied with palmate a. [L. palma, hand] 1. Digitate; parts arising from a muscles and blood sinuses. common center; flat and wide with projections like fingers, as certain corals. 2. (PORIF) Megasclere with chela having pallial duct (MOLL: Gastropoda) Region of the genital duct that sheetlike or winglike elaborations. has undergone elaboration or differentiation to provide for sperm storage and egg membrane formation. Palmen's organ (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Ephemeroptera, a cu- ticular nodule at the junction of four tracheae mid-dorsally pallial groove (MOLL: Polyplacophora) Ventral groove marking behind the eyes of the adult and larva; may function as a the separation between the foot and mantle. statocyst. pallial line (MOLL: Bivalvia) A fine, single-lined impression near palmula see pulvillus the periphery of each valve, produced by the edge of the mantle and indicating the internal line of attachment of the palp see palpus/palp mantle to the shell. palpation n. [L. palpus, feeler] (ARTHRO: Insecta) The act of pallial markings see vascular markings touching with labial or maxillary palps; serves as sensory probe or tactile signal to another insect. pallial nerves (MOLL) The pair of large dorsal nerves that in- nervate the mantle. palp foramen (ARTHRO: Crustacea) A small opening in the mandibular body. pallial region (MOLL: Bivalvia) Marginal region inside the shell palpifer n. [L. palpus, feeler; ferre, to carry] (ARTHRO: Insecta) 654 Maggenti and Gardner Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology 655 A small lobe of the maxillary stipes to which the maxillary shape] Violin-shaped, oblong at the two extremities and palpus (palp) articulates. palpiferous a. see palpiger. contracted in the middle; pandurate. palpiform a. [L. palpus, feeler; forma, shape] Shaped like a Pangaea n. [Gr. pan, all; gaia, earth] The theory of an ancient palpus. continent from which the present continents split off by palpiger n. [L. palpus, feeler; gerere, to carry] (ARTHRO: In- continental drift. secta) A lobe of the mentum of the labium that bears the pangamy see panmixia palpus. see palpifer. pangenesis n. [Gr. pan, all; genesis, origin] Darwin's pre- palpimacula n. [L. palpus, feeler; macula, spot] (ARTHRO: In- genetic hypothesis that somatic cells contain particles in- secta) A sensory area on the labial palps of certain insects. fluenced by the environment that can move to the sex cells palpon see dactylozooid and influence heredity. palp proboscis/proboscide (MOLL: Bivalvia) A tentaculiform panmixia, panmixy n. [Gr. pan, all; mixis, a mixing] Random outgrowth on each outer labial palp that can extend into or interbreeding in a population; nonselective breeding. pan- on the substrate, where ciliated and glandular surfaces pick mictic a. up particles of food. panoistic ovariole Ovarioles that have no specialized
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