Praxis in Der Ddr Der Sechziger Jahre
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Für Freiheit Und Demokratie
Bernd Eisenfeld/Rainer Eppelmann/ Karl Wilhelm Fricke/Peter Maser Für Freiheit und Demokratie 40 Jahre Widerstand in der SBZ/DDR Wissenschaftliche Dienste Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik 2 Bernd Eisenfeld/Rainer Eppelmann/Karl Wilhelm Fricke/Peter Maser Für Freiheit und Demokratie 40 Jahre Widerstand in der SBZ/DDR 3 ISBN 3-931575-99-3 Herausgeber: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Wissenschaftliche Dienste 4 INHALT Vorwort ... 7 Karl Wilhelm Fricke: Widerstand und politische Verfolgung in der DDR ... 9 Peter Maser: Die Rolle der Kirchen für die Opposition ... 20 Bernd Eisenfeld: Stasi-Methoden in den achtziger Jahren bei der Bekämpfung widerständiger Erscheinungen ... 33 Rainer Eppelmann: Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur ... 44 5 6 Vorwort Seit 1991 veranstaltet das Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik der Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung jährlich eine Tagung zum Thema ”Widerstand und Verfolgung in der SBZ/DDR. Das achte ”Buchenwald-Gespräch” fand Ende Oktober 1998 in Berlin in Verbindung mit der Gedenkstätte Hohenschönhausen statt. Hohenschönhausen ist ein authentischer Ort der kommunistischen Willkürjustiz und politischen Strafverfolgung. Die Gebäude der ehemaligen Großküche wurden nach Kriegsende von der sowjetischen Besatzungsmacht als Internierungslager für NSDAP- Mitglieder und NS-Verdächtige genutzt. Nach Auflösung des ”Speziallagers Nr. 3” diente Hohenschönhausen als zentrales sowjetisches Untersuchungsgefängnis für politisch- ideologische Gegner. 1950 richtete dort das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit eine zentrale Untersuchungshaftanstalt für politische Häftlinge ein. Der Rundgang unter Führung ehemaliger Häftlinge ließ die bedrückende Atmosphäre, Isolation und seelische Zermürbung lebendig werden, der die Insassen ausgesetzt waren. Im Mittelpunkt der Vorträge stand die Verfolgung der Regimegegner durch die SED in den fünfziger, siebziger und achtziger Jahren. Eine Auswahl der Beiträge ist in dieser Broschüre abgedruckt. -
Dableiben Oder Ausreisen
Aus der Veranstaltungsreihe des Bundesbeauftragten Ausreisen oder dableiben? Regulierungsstrategien der Staatssicherheit Öffentliche Veranstaltung am 26. Oktober 1995 Bitte zitieren Sie diese Online-Publikation wie folgt: Bernd Eisenfeld, u. a.: Ausreisen oder dableiben? Regulierungsstragtegien der Staats- sicherheit (Reihe B: Analysen und Berichte, Nr. 1/97). Hg. BStU. 2. Auflage, Berlin 1998. http://www.nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421304316 Mehr Informationen zur Nutzung von URNs erhalten Sie unter http://www.persistent-identifier.de/ einem Portal der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Reihe B: Analysen und Berichte, Nr. 1/97 Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Abteilung Bildung und Forschung Postfach 218 10106 Berlin Die Meinungen, die in dieser Schriftenreihe geäußert werden, geben ausschließlich die Auffassungen der Autoren wieder. Abdruck und publizistische Nutzung sind nur mit An- gabe des Verfassers und der Quelle sowie unter Beachtung der Bestimmungen des Urhe- berrechtsgesetzes gestattet. 2. Auflage, Berlin 1998 ISBN 978-3-942130-43-1 Eine PDF-Version dieser Publikation ist unter der folgenden URN kostenlos abrufbar: urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421304316 Schutzgebühr: 5,00 € 3 Inhalt Vorbemerkung 3 Joachim Gauck Begrüßung und Einführung 4 Bernd Eisenfeld Strategien des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit zur Steuerung der Ausreisebewegung 6 Hans-Hermann Lochen Die geheimgehaltenen Bestimmungen über das Ausreiseverfahren als Ausdruck staatlicher Willkür 19 Irena Kukutz Jede Weggegangene hinterließ eine Lücke 29 Werner Hilse Die Betreuung von Ausreiseantragstellern war eine Gratwanderung 32 Aus der Diskussion 37 Joachim Gauck Schlußbemerkung 56 Zu den Autoren 58 Dokumentenverzeichnis und Dokumente 60 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 126 Literaturhinweise 128 4 Vorbemerkung Seit Beginn der Entspannungspolitik fanden immer mehr Bürger der DDR den Mut, ihre Ausreise in den Westen, vornehmlich in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und nach Berlin- West, zu betreiben. -
Bstu / State Security. a Reader on the GDR
Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Imprint Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic Department of Education and Research 10106 Berlin [email protected] Photo editing: Heike Brusendorf, Roger Engelmann, Bernd Florath, Daniela Münkel, Christin Schwarz Layout: Pralle Sonne Originally published under title: Daniela Münkel (Hg.): Staatssicherheit. Ein Lesebuch zur DDR-Geheimpolizei. Berlin 2015 Translation: Miriamne Fields, Berlin A READER The opinions expressed in this publication reflect solely the views of the authors. Print and media use are permitted ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE only when the author and source are named and copyright law is respected. token fee: 5 euro 2nd edition, Berlin 2018 ISBN 978-3-946572-43-5 6 STATE SECURITY. A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE CONTENTS 7 Contents 8 Roland Jahn 104 Arno Polzin Preface Postal Inspection, Telephone Surveillance and Signal Intelligence 10 Helge Heidemeyer The Ministry for State Security and its Relationship 113 Roger Engelmann to the SED The State Security and Criminal Justice 20 Daniela Münkel 122 Tobias Wunschik The Ministers for State Security Prisons in the GDR 29 Jens Gieseke 130 Daniela Münkel What did it Mean to be a Chekist? The State Security and the Border 40 Bernd Florath 139 Georg Herbstritt, Elke Stadelmann-Wenz The Unofficial Collaborators Work in the West 52 Christian Halbrock 152 Roger Engelmann -
Projektbericht »Strahlen«
Projektbericht »Strahlen« Einsatz von Röntgenstrahlen und radioaktiven Stoffen durch das MfS gegen Oppositionelle - Fiktion oder Realität Bernd Eisenfeld, Thomas Auerbach, Gudrun Weber, Dr. Sebastian Pflugbeil Faksimilierter Nachdruck Bitte zitieren Sie diese Online-Publikation wie folgt: Bernd Eisenfeld, Thomas Auerbach, Gudrun Weber, Dr. Sebastian Pflugbeil: Projektbericht »Strahlen«. Einsatz von Röntgenstrahlen und radioaktiven Stoffen durch das MfS gegen Oppositionelle - Fiktion oder Realität? Hg. BStU. Berlin 2002. http://www.nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421308513 Mehr Informationen zur Nutzung von URNs erhalten Sie unter http://www.persistent-identifier.de einem Portal der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Abteilung Bildung und Forschung 10106 Berlin E-Mail: [email protected] Die Meinungen, die in dieser Schriftenreihe geäußert werden, geben ausschließlich die Auffassungen der Autoren wieder. Abdruck und publizistische Nutzung sind nur mit Angabe des Verfassers und der Quelle sowie unter Beachtung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes gestattet. 2., überarbeitete Auflage, Berlin 2002 Schutzgebühr für diese Lieferung: 1,00 € ISBN 978-3-942130-85-1 Eine PDF-Version dieser Publikation ist unter der folgenden URN kostenlos abrufbar: urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421308513 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Ausgangslage 4 2 Methodisches Vorgehen und Quellenlage 7 3 Untersuchungsergebnisse 9 3.1 Zu einigen rechtlichen Fragen des Umgangs des MfS mit Röntgengeräten und radioaktiven Substanzen 9 3.2 Der Einsatz von Röntgengeräten im Rahmen der Untersuchungshaft 12 3.2.1 Ausstattung 15 3.2.2 Umgang 16 3.3 Berichte von Untersuchungshäftlingen des MfS 17 3.4 Beschaffung und Anwendung radioaktiver Substanzen zu operativen Zwecken 20 3.4.1 Beschaffung/Transport 20 3.4.2 Einsatz und Umgang 22 3.5 Strahlenquellen im Schrankenbetrieb bzw. -
Findbuch Zum Bestand
Findbuch zum Bestand Persönlicher Archivbestand Peter Eisenfeld bearbeitet von Tina Krone ROBERT-HAVEMANN-GESELLSCHAFT Berlin 2011 Dieses Findbuch ist Ergebnis eines Erschließungsprojektes, das durch die Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur und den Landesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR des Landes Berlin finanziert wurde. Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft e.V. Schliemannstraße 23 10437 Berlin www.havemann-gesellschaft.de Reproduktion, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung der Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft e.V. I Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Geschichte und Aufbau des Bestandes ................................................................................................... II Biografische Daten Peter Eisenfeld ..................................................................................................... VIII Hinweise zur Benutzung des Findbuches .............................................................................................. IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................................................... X Bestandsverzeichnis 1. Dokumentationen zu einzelnen Etappen der Biografie ......................................................................... 1 2. Korrespondenz ..................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Unterlagen publizistischer Tätigkeit ..................................................................................................... -
Diss Gradschool Submission
OUTPOST OF FREEDOM: A GERMAN-AMERICAN NETWORK’S CAMPAIGN TO BRING COLD WAR DEMOCRACY TO WEST BERLIN, 1933-72 Scott H. Krause A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Klaus W. Larres Susan Dabney Pennybacker Donald M. Reid Benjamin Waterhouse © 2015 Scott H. Krause ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Scott H. Krause: Outpost of Freedom: A German-American Network’s Campaign to bring Cold War Democracy to West Berlin, 1933-66 (under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) This study explores Berlin’s sudden transformation from the capital of Nazi Germany to bastion of democracy in the Cold War. This project has unearthed how this remarkable development resulted from a transatlantic campaign by liberal American occupation officials, and returned émigrés, or remigrés, of the Marxist Social Democratic Party (SPD). This informal network derived from members of “Neu Beginnen” in American exile. Concentrated in wartime Manhattan, their identity as German socialists remained remarkably durable despite the Nazi persecution they faced and their often-Jewish background. Through their experiences in New Deal America, these self-professed “revolutionary socialists” came to emphasize “anti- totalitarianism,” making them suspicious of Stalinism. Serving in the OSS, leftists such as Hans Hirschfeld forged friendships with American left-wing liberals. These experiences connected a wider network of remigrés and occupiers by forming an epistemic community in postwar Berlin. They recast Berlin’s ruins as “Outpost of Freedom” in the Cold War. -
H-Diplo Article Review Forum 1 June 2017 (Updated Selvage Review)
H-Diplo Article Review 20 17 Article Review Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse H-Diplo Web and Production Editor: George Fujii @HDiplo Commissioned for H-Diplo by Thomas Maddux Article Review No. 701 An H-Diplo Article Review Forum 1 June 2017 (updated Selvage review) H-Diplo Forum on “CSCE, the German Question, and the Eastern Bloc” in the Journal of Cold War Studies 18:3 (Summer 2016): 3-180. Reviewed by: Aryo Makko, Stockholm University Federico Romero, European University Institute Peter Ruggenthaler, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on War Consequences, Graz Douglas Selvage, Office of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records in Berlin URL: http://tiny.cc/AR701 Introduction by Gottfried Niedhart, University of Mannheim, Emeritus uring a visit to Israel in June 1973, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt spoke at the Weizmann Institute in Jerusalem about the development of East-West relations. As always, he emphasized the gradual nature of his own approach. A “sustainable peace policy” was to him no “project of large Dleaps.” Instead, he described his own policy as one of “small, progressing steps.” Even the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which was about to start in Helsinki in the summer of 1973 and comprised all European states (with the exception of Albania) plus Canada and the United States, should not lead to “wishful thinking,” Brandt declared. “And yet, who would have dared to predict a decade ago that a conference of such constructive substance was taking shape!”1 The preceding years—the early 1970s—had witnessed a new form of rapprochement between East and West in general and between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the member-states of the Warsaw Pact in particular. -
1 Narrative and the Body in Uniform: East-German
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery NARRATIVE AND THE BODY IN UNIFORM: EAST-GERMAN MILITARY MASCULINITIES IN CLAUS DOBBERKE’S EIN KATZENSPRUNG AND JÜRGEN FUCHS’S FASSONSCHNITT The uniforms of the Nationale Volksarmee (NVA) were an all-too-visible presence in the German Democratic Republic. The NVA was founded in 1956, when militarized police units of the Kasernierte Volkspolizei were converted into an army. Its foundation was part of an escalation of repressive measures on the part of the GDR government in the late 1950s and early 1960s, culminating in the NVA’s role in closing the border to the West in August 1961 and the introduction of conscription in January 1962. The 1962 ‘Wehrpflichtgesetz’ introduced a compulsory eighteen-month military service for men aged eighteen to fifty, but young men were often encouraged or pressurized into enlisting for three or four years.1 From this point, almost every young man wore the NVA uniform at some time.2 The GDR 1 The GDR had no civilian alternative to military service. From 1964, conscientious objectors could serve as so-called ‘Bausoldaten’ (conscripts working for the NVA in non-armed capacities, particularly construction), but relatively few chose, or were permitted to choose, this alternative, which in any case still took place within military units whose members were uniformed and performed drill. See Bernd Eisenfeld and Peter Schicketanz, Bausoldaten in der DDR: Die ‘Zusammenführung feindlich-negativer Kräfte’ in der NVA (Berlin: Links, 2011). 2 Women did serve in the NVA, and from 1982 could in theory even be conscripted in time of war. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews Book Reviews Timothy Snyder, The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke. New York: Basic Books, 2008. 344 pp. Reviewed by Piotr S. Wandycz, Yale University The Red Prince is more than a biography of the little known Wilhelm Habsburg (1895–1948). Timothy Snyder, a prominent Yale University historian, weaves the story of the archduke and his family into the rich canvas of European history. Were it not for a most impressive array of sources and a scholarly apparatus, the book could almost qualify as a vie romancée. This is legitimate because the house of Habsburg oc- cupied for centuries several thrones in Europe as well as brieºy that of Mexico. Wil- helm’s father thought of extending his dynasty’s domain into Poland and the Balkans, and he trained his sons to be future rulers of these countries. Wilhelm identiªed him- self with the Ukrainians. In ten chapters with catchy titles (Gold, Blue, Green, Red, Grey, White, Lilac, Brown, Black, Orange), Snyder describes the life and activities of this eccentric indi- vidual, somewhat unbalanced and politically naive, starting with a happy childhood in a villa on the Adriatic and ending with his death as a Western secret agent in a So- viet prison. In previous writings Snyder has shown a talent for large synthetic analysis, as in The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), and for biographical studies, notably in Sketches from a Secret War: A Polish Artist’s Mission to Liberate Soviet Ukraine (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005). -
Transitions from Nazism to Socialism: Grassroots Responses to Punitive and Rehabilitative Measures in Brandenburg, 1945-1952
Transitions from Nazism to Socialism: Grassroots Responses to Punitive and Rehabilitative Measures in Brandenburg, 1945-1952 Doctoral Thesis of Julie Nicole Deering-Kraft University College London PhD in History 1 Declaration I, Julie Nicole Deering-Kraft, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This study examines transitions from Nazism to socialism in Brandenburg between 1945 and 1952. It explores the grassroots responses and their relative implications within the context of both punitive and rehabilitative measures implemented by the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) and the communist Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). The present study is based on archival and oral history sources and addresses two main research questions: First, in what ways did people at the grassroots attempt to challenge the imposition of punitive measures, and did their responses have any effect on the manner in which these policies were implemented at a grassroots level? These punitive measures were designed to remove remnants of Nazism and included punitive Soviet practices, Soviet NKVD camps and denazification and sequestering. Second, to what extent did grassroots Brandenburgers participate in political organisations which were designed to integrate East Germans during the rehabilitative stage and what impact did these responses have on the post-war transition? This study focuses on the National Democratic Party and the Society for German-Soviet Friendship as well as examining wider factors which may have impeded and facilitated the processes of post-war transitions. Two main arguments are proposed. -
(SED) Lasts Forty Years in the GDR, and Dissent Is Articulated Against It the Enti
PIcture: Andreas Schoelzel Youth opposition in the German Democratic republic (GDr) The dictatorship of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) lasts forty years in the GDR, and dissent is articulated against it the entire time. Young people searching for guidance and truth confront over and over again the limits set by the regime. Music and litera ture are censored, music bands and writers forbidden; the militarization of the entire society gives the lie to offi cial peace policies; elections are rigged. Whoever desires something else is penalized by the state, arrested, condemned. There are nevertheless people – from the Baltic Sea to the Thuringian Forest, in the cities and in An exhibition of the Robert the co untryside – who resist and stand up for their ideals. Havemann Society and the Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of It is often young people who take a stand. This exhibition the SED Dictatorship. presents some of the actors who emerged from this great variety of opposition and resistance. arno esch * 1928 † 1951 rno Esch, who has not yet A reached his sixteenth birthday, is drafted into the army in January 1944. After the war his family moves from Memel to Mecklenburg, where Esch begins to study at the Universi Photo Archive Marburg / LA 420915 The University of Rostock around 1950. Arno Esch studies ty of Rostock in 1946. He aspires to law and economics here. In the fall of 1947, at the age of nineteen, he becomes the university advisor of the LPD an academic career, is considered to state organization of Mecklenburg. be extraordinarily talented and very hardworking. -
Constructing Socialism at the Grass-Roots: the Transformation of East Germany, 1945-1965
Constructing Socialism at the Grass-Roots: The Transformation of East Germany, 1945-1965 by Corey David Ross Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University College London ProQuest Number: U641949 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U641949 Published by ProQuest LLC(2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract The thesis examines how the socialist transformation of East Germany during the two decades following the defeat of the Third Reich was received, implemented, refashioned and adapted at the grass-roots. Concentrating on the region of East Berlin and Brandenburg, it focuses on a selected number of points where the personal lives and interests of ‘ordinary’ people intersected most closely and were confronted most immediately by the ruling Socialist Unity Party’s (SED) attempt to refashion society in the Soviet Occupation Zone/German Democratic Republic: 1.) increasing industrial productivity in raw materials and heavy industry, which meant mobilizing and disciplining workers to produce more; 2.) dispossessing old agrarian elites and later coaxing and coercing farmers into large collective farms; and 3.) protecting these ‘achievements’ through the creation of armed forces, which meant recruiting East German youths into the army.