Diversification of Tree Crops: Domestication of Companion Crops for Poverty Reduction and Environmental Services
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Irvingia Gabonensis) 150 Mg ** Store Tightly Closed in a Cool, Dry Place
Scan for Read the entire label and follow the directions carefully prior to use. product info DIRECTIONS: Take two (2) capsules twice daily 15 minutes before meals. Best if taken before meals containing carbohydrates or Supplement Facts starches, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner. Serving Size 2 Vegetarian Capsules • Servings Per Container: 60 CAUTION: If you are taking blood glucose lowering medication, Amount Per Serving % Daily Value consult with your healthcare provider before taking this product. † Iodine (typical value naturally occurring from 25 mcg 17% This supplement should be taken in conjunction with a healthy diet kelp and bladderwrack) and regular exercise program. Results may vary. Chromium (as Chromium GlycoProtein Matrix) 100 mcg 83% Integra-Lean® African Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) 150 mg ** Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place. Optimized African Mango proprietary extract (seed) Calorie Control Complex providing: WARNINGS: InSea2® [proprietary composition of demineralized 125 mg ** polyphenols from brown seaweeds kelp • KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. and bladderwrack] • DO NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED DOSE. Irvingia TeaSlenderTM Green Tea Phytosome 150 mg ** • Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged. • When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician ™ Green Tea Phytosome decaffeinated if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are with Phase 3 Calorie Control Complex extract (leaf) containing standardized green tea extract pregnant or lactating. bound to phosphatidylcholine (from lecithin) Phase 2® white kidney (bean) extract 445 mg ** * These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Phase 3TM Sucrase Inhibitor L-Arabinose and Chromium 550 mg ** Administration. -
Canarium Schweinfurthii)
International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IJARCS) Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2015, PP 34- 36 ISSN 2349-039X (Print) & ISSN 2349-0403 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Characterization of African Elemi (Canarium Schweinfurthii) Maduelosi N.J and Angaye S.S Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P M B 5080, Port Harcourt [email protected] Abstract: The physicochemical and proximate compositions of African Elemi were investigated by analyzing the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fibre and total carbohydrates in the seed and pulp. The association of official analytical chemists (AOAC, 1990) methods were used. Values obtained for the physicochemical and proximate analysis of whole seeds and pulps were; seed length( 4.5cm and 6.0cm), thickness (4.0cm and 6.0cm),shape (oblong),free fatty acid content (3.52% and 3.28%), miv (1.72% and 1.70%),melting point (32oC and 30oC),moisture (25.62% and 26.09%), dry matter, ash (3.14% and 3.31), crude fat (30.06% and 30.56%), crude fibre (0.76% and 0.78%), carbohydrate (20.03% and 20.05% ), protein (19.28% and 19.31%). The results suggest that the whole seeds and pulp of African elemi (Canarium schweinfurthii ), can serve as a good source of essential nutrients for humans and livestock. KeyWords: African Elemi, Canarium schweinfurthii, pulp, seeds, proximate and physiochemical parameters. 1. INTRODUCTION The exploitation of several underutilized wild fruits and oilseeds as sources of vegetable protein, fats and vitamin C to augment supplies from the inadequate animal sources has been reported by several authors (Olaofe 1994, Ikhuoria and Maliki 2007, Dike 2010, Igidi and Edene 2014). -
Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation -
Plants for Tropical Subsistence Farms
SELECTING THE BEST PLANTS FOR THE TROPICAL SUBSISTENCE FARM By Dr. F. W. Martin. Published in parts, 1989 and 1994; Revised 1998 and 2007 by ECHO Staff Dedication: This document is dedicated to the memory of Scott Sherman who worked as ECHO's Assistant Director until his death in January 1996. He spent countless hours corresponding with hundreds of missionaries and national workers around the world, answering technical questions and helping them select new and useful plants to evaluate. Scott took special joy in this work because he Photo by ECHO Staff knew the God who had created these plants--to be a blessing to all the nations. WHAT’S INSIDE: TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO FIND THE BEST PLANTS… Plants for Feeding Animals Grasses DESCRIPTIONS OF USEFUL PLANTS Legumes Plants for Food Other Feed Plants Staple Food Crops Plants for Supplemental Human Needs Cereal and Non-Leguminous Grain Fibers Pulses (Leguminous Grains) Thatching/Weaving and Clothes Roots and Tubers Timber and Fuel Woods Vegetable Crops Plants for the Farm Itself Leguminous Vegetables Crops to Conserve or Improve the Soil Non-Leguminous Fruit Vegetables Nitrogen-Fixing Trees Leafy Vegetables Miners of Deep (in Soil) Minerals Miscellaneous Vegetables Manure Crops Fruits and Nut Crops Borders Against Erosion Basic Survival Fruits Mulch High Value Fruits Cover Crops Outstanding Nuts Crops to Modify the Climate Specialty Food Crops Windbreaks Sugar, Starch, and Oil Plants for Shade Beverages, Spices and Condiment Herbs Other Special-Purpose Plants Plants for Medicinal Purposes Living Fences Copyright © ECHO 2007. All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced for training purposes if Plants for Alley Cropping distributed free of charge or at cost and credit is given to ECHO. -
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index. -
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S. -
Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Irvingia Species Kernels from Some Markets Within Zaria Metropolis and Their Aflatoxin Content
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH IRVINGIA SPECIES KERNELS FROM SOME MARKETS WITHIN ZARIA METROPOLIS AND THEIR AFLATOXIN CONTENT BY GoddyChibuezeONUOHA ,B.Sc Botany(A. B. U) 2002 M.Sc/Scie/02872/09 – 10 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARDOF A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BOTANY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA. OCTOBER,2016 DECLARATION The research work in this dissertationentitled “ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH IRVINGIA SPECIES KERNELS FROM SOME MARKETS WITHIN ZARIA METROPOLIS AND THEIR AFLATOXIN CONTENT”has been performed by me in the Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, under the supervision of Prof. S.O. Alonge and Prof. A. B. Zarafi.The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and the list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at any university. ________________________ ________________ ONUOHA, GoddyChibueze Date M.Sc/Scie/02872/09-10 ii CERTIFICATION This dissertationentitled “ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH IRVINGIA SPECIES KERNELS FROM SOME MARKETS WITHIN ZARIA METROPOLIS AND THEIR AFLATOXIN CONTENT” by ONUOHA, GODDY CHIBUEZEmeets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Science at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Prof. S. O. Alonge _____________________ ______________ Chairman, Supervisory Committee Signature Date Prof. A. B. Zarafi _____________________ ______________ Member, Supervisory Committee Signature Date Prof. A. K. -
Towards a Global Tree Conservation Atlas
Conserving wildlife since 1903 Towards a Global Tree Conservation atlas Mapping the status and distribution of the world’s threatened tree species Adrian Newton, Sara Oldfield, Gerardo Fragoso, Paul Mathew, Lera Miles, Mary Edwards Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Conserving wildlife since 1903 UNEP World Conservation Fauna & Flora International Monitoring Centre Great Eastern House 219 Huntingdon Road Tenison Road Cambridge CB3 0DL Cambridge CB1 2TT United Kingdom United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Tel: +44 (0) 1223 571000 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 461481 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org Website: www.fauna-flora.org Director: Mark Collins Director: Mark Rose THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE is the FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL, founded in 1903 and the world’s biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the first international conservation organization, acts to conserve United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world’s threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the and take account of human needs. The organization currently value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this works in over 60 countries, including more than 25 as part of knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to the Global Trees Campaign. transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. -
Obtaining Forest Foods from Timber Trees in Cameroon: How Far Do People Walk to Collect Fruits and Caterpillars? P
Obtaining forest foods from timber trees in Cameroon: How far do people walk to collect fruits and caterpillars? P. Maukonen*, P. Donn*, L. Snook** *Bioversity International, P.O. Box 2008 Messa, Yaounde Cameroon **Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy Abstract Approximately 61% of timber species in the Congo Basin also bear locally used non- Multiple-use Tree timber forest products. Amongst these are edible fruits of Moabi (Baillonella Species toxisperma), and edible caterpillars on Sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum) and Tali (Erythrophleum suaveolens). Participatory mapping combining GPS coordinates Sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum) and interviews was carried out with 5 female and 5 male collectors in each of two hosts vast quantities of Imbrasia villages adjacent to each of two logging concessions in Cameroon to: (1) locate the (Nudaurelia) oyemensis, one of the 82 trees from which men and women obtained these foods, in space and on maps that species of caterpillars and larvae included the boundaries of nearby logging concessions; (2) determine the distances commonly consumed in Central Africa. It is travelled by men and women to collect these wild resources (3) gather information also the second most important timber species in terms of volume exported from on the trees and the collection, transformation and sale of these NTFPs, and (4) the region, contributing 1.3 million cubic assess the potential impacts of logging activities on local people’s access to these metres of wood annually to the export food resources. market (Bayol et al., 2012), and is considered vulnerable to extinction as a During one day collecting trips people walk an average of 2.7 km (± 1.42) from the result of this level of demand (Hawthorne, 1998). -
Irvingia Gabonensis Irvingiaceae (Aubrey-Lecomte Ex O. Rorke) Baill
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubrey-Lecomte ex O. Rorke) Baill. Irvingiaceae dika nut LOCAL NAMES English (wild mango,native mango,duiker nut,bush mango,bread tree,African mango tree); French (manguier sauvage,bobo); Hausa (goron,biri); Igbo (obono); Trade name (dika nut); Yoruba (oro) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Irvingia gabonensis grows to a height of 15-40 m, bole slightly buttressed. It has a dense, compact crown, branchlets ending in a narrow, curved, stipular sheath covering the leaf bud. Bark greyish, smooth or very slightly scaly; slash yellowish-brown to light yellow, brittle. Fruit on three-year-old trees in Onne, Nigeria (Anthony Simons) Leaves 5-15 x 2.5-6 cm, elliptic to slightly obovate, 1 margin often a little more rounded than the other, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate or slightly rounded at the base; leathery dark green and glossy above; with 5- 10 pairs of irregular lateral veins, the lower ones running out nearly to the margin. Flowers yellowish to greenish-white, in slender, clustered racemes or small panicles above the leaves and about as long as them, or on the branchlets and younger branchlets; individual flower stalks slender, about 6 mm long, petals bent right back and soon falling off, disc bright yellow. Tree in degraded forest near Port Harcourt, Fruits yellowish when ripe, broadly ellipsoid and variable in size between Nigeria. (Anthony Simons) varieties, 5-7.5 cm with a yellow, fibrous pulp surrounding a large seed. The genus name commemorates E.G. Irving, 1816-1855, a Scots botanist. BIOLOGY I. gabonensis is hermaphroditic, with flowers being pollinated by Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. -
Federal Register/Vol. 77, No. 163/Wednesday
50622 Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 163 / Wednesday, August 22, 2012 / Rules and Regulations CROP GROUP 14–12: TREE NUT GROUP—Continued Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) Cajou nut (Anacardium giganteum Hance ex Engl.) Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.) Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Chestnut (Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.; C. dentata (Marshall) Borkh.; C. mollissima Blume; C. sativa Mill.) Chinquapin (Castaneapumila (L.) Mill.) Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Coquito nut (Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill.) Dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill.) Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) Guiana chestnut (Pachira aquatica Aubl.) Hazelnut (Filbert) (Corylus americana Marshall; C. avellana L.; C. californica (A. DC.) Rose; C. chinensis Franch.) Heartnut (Juglans ailantifolia Carrie`re var. cordiformis (Makino) Rehder) Hickory nut (Carya cathayensis Sarg.; C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet; C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) W. P. C. Barton; C. myristiciformis (F. Michx.) Elliott; C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch; C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.) Japanese horse-chestnut (Aesculus turbinate Blume) Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche; M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson) Mongongo nut (Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm.) Monkey-pot (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) Monkey puzzle nut (Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch) Okari nut (Terminalia kaernbachii Warb.) Pachira nut (Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny) Peach palm nut (Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes) Pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.; C. villosum (Aubl.) Pers; C. nuciferum L.) Pili nut (Canarium ovatum Engl.; C. vulgare Leenh.) Pine nut (Pinus edulis Engelm.; P. koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.; P. sibirica Du Tour; P. pumila (Pall.) Regel; P. gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don; P. monophylla Torr. & Fre´m.; P. -
Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oils of Plukenetia Conophora Leaves
Vol. 13(9) pp. 210-214, September 2019 DOI: 10.5897/AJFS2015.1372 Article Number: 5588F6861952 ISSN: 1996-0794 Copyright ©2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article African Journal of Food Science http://www.academicjournals.org/AJFS Full Length Research Paper Chemical compositions of the essential oils of Plukenetia conophora leaves Akintola A. O.1, Ibikunle G. J.1, Odeniyi M. A.1, Faboya O. O. P.2, Onawumi O. O. E.2 and Ayoola P. B.1* 1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. 2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000 Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Received 28 September, 2018; Accepted 2 April, 2019 Plukenetia conophora fresh leaves were obtained from a farm in the Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The plant is a climber which normally found support in kola nut or cocoa tree. Standard method was used for the extraction of the oil. The oil was analyzed using gas chromatographic and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric methods. Fifteen compounds were identified in the leaves. The most abundant compounds in the oil were oleic (9- octadecenoic) acid (29.8%) and palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid (14.36%), while the less abundant compounds are 6-tridecenoic acid (9.05%) and 9-octadecenoic acid,1,2,3-propanetryl ester (6.24%). The characteristic of this oil is the presence of long chain fatty acids. This study seeks to evaluate the chemical constituents of the oils of P. conophora leaves and how to harmonize them in pharmaceutical and industrial uses.