Canarium Schweinfurthii)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diversification of Tree Crops: Domestication of Companion Crops for Poverty Reduction and Environmental Services
Expl Agric. (2001), volume 37, pp. 279±296 Printed in Great Britain Copyright # 2001 Cambridge University Press REVIEW PAPER DIVERSIFICATION OF TREE CROPS: DOMESTICATION OF COMPANION CROPS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES By R. R. B. LEAKEY{ and Z. TCHOUNDJEU{ {Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK and {International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 2067, YaoundeÂ, Cameroon (Accepted 19 January 2001) SUMMARY New initiatives in agroforestry are seeking to integrate indigenous trees, whose products have traditionally been gathered from natural forests, into tropical farming systems such as cacao farms. This is being done to provide from farms, marketable timber and non-timber forest products that will enhance rural livelihoods by generating cash for resource-poor rural and peri-urban households. There are many potential candidate species for domestication that have commercial potential in local, regional or even international markets. Little or no formal research has been carried out on many of these hitherto wild species to assess potential for genetic improvement, reproductive biology or suitability for cultivation. With the participation of subsistence farmers a number of projects to bring candidate species into cultivation are in progress, however. This paper describes some tree domestication activities being carried out in southern Cameroon, especially with Irvingia gabonensis (bush mango; dika nut) and Dacryodes edulis (African plum; safoutier). As part of this, fruits and kernels from 300 D. edulis and 150 I. gabonensis trees in six villages of Cameroon and Nigeria have been quantitatively characterized for 11 traits to determine combinations de®ning multi-trait ideotypes for a genetic selection programme. -
Sokoudjou Et Al.Pdf
Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants 6(10): 331-341, October 2018 DOI: 10.15413/ajmp.2018.0166 ISSN 2315-7720 ©2018 Academia Publishing Research Paper In vitro antisalmonellal and antioxidant activities of Canarium schweinfurthii stem bark extracts Accepted 24th September, 2018 ABSTRACT The use of antibiotics has been, and continues to be the main control strategy for avian salmonellosis, as well as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in humans. Resistance of Salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing both in the veterinary and human health sectors and has emerged as a global problem. This resistance has been linked to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially in poultry farm. New control strategies of salmonellosis are needful. This study therefore aimed at evaluating in vitro antisalmonellal and antioxidant power of a medicinal plant, Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. (Burseraceae) commonly used as antityphoid plant in oder to implement it in poultry farm. For antisalmonellal assay, serial microdilution method was used to determine the MIC and MBC of plants extracts against four isolates and one strain of Salmonella; the antioxidant activities of the extracts, as well as the phytochemical screening, were performed using different standard methods. The result showed that most of the extracts exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64 to 1024 1 Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou , Guy Sedar µg/ml; ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extract being the most effective as compared Singor Njateng1, Siméon Pierre Chegaing Fodouop2, Norbert Kodjio1, Serge Secco with aqueous extracts. As far as the antioxidant activities are concerned, all the Atsafack1, Alain Bertrand Fowa1, Merline tested concentrations of ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts exhibited good Namekong Djimeli1 and Donatien DPPH scavenging activities as compared with the aqueous extracts. -
Journal of Agriculture and Social Research, Vol. 13, No.2, 2013 SEED VIABILITY of Dacryodes Edulis (G
Journal of Agriculture and Social Research, Vol. 13, No.2, 2013 SEED VIABILITY OF Dacryodes edulis (G. DON) H. J. LAM SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT LENGTHS OF STORAGE OLAYODE, O.O.* AND F. S. KOLAWOLE Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. *Corresponding author: [email protected], +2348034811371. ABSTRACT Four hundred and fifty seeds of Dacryodes edulis were extracted from mature fruits obtained from the same source. These were divided into five parts and subjected to five treatments thus: T1: Fresh; T2: 7 days storage; T3: 14 days storage; T4: 21 days storage and T5: 28 days storage. Storage was done at room temperature. Each part was weighed in three replicates and then sown in germination box filled with topsoil. Analysis of Variance showed significant difference in seed weight at α = 0.05 although Duncan’s Multiple Range Test revealed that T1 and T2 were not significantly different from each other. Germination was observed on the 17th Day after Sowing (DAS), 21 DAS and 24 DAS for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Furthermore, T1 had the highest germination percentage of 96.7%, followed by T2 with a value of 70.0% while T3 had the least value of 36.7%. However, seeds in T4 and T5 did not germinate till the experiment was concluded. This study revealed that as length of storage increased, viability of Dacryodes edulis seeds reduced and this knowledge is crucial to its domestication. Keywords: seed viability, storage, germination, non-timber forest products. INTRODUCTION The fruits of Dacryodes edulis are a delicacy among the people of Southern Nigeria where it is consumed as an accompaniment with fresh maize (Agbogidi and Eshegbeyi, 2006). -
The Biogeographic Origin of a Radiation of Trees In
Federman et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:216 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0483-1 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access The biogeographic origin of a radiation of trees in Madagascar: implications for the assembly of a tropical forest biome Sarah Federman1*, Alex Dornburg2, Alexander Downie1, Alison F. Richard3, Douglas C. Daly4 and Michael J. Donoghue1 Abstract Background: Madagascar’s rain forests are characterized by extreme and uneven patterns of species richness and endemicity, the biogeographic and evolutionary origins of which are poorly understood. Methods: Here we use a time-calibrated phylogeny of a dominant group of trees in Madagascar’seastern rain forests, Canarium, and related Burseraceae (Canarieae), to test biogeographic hypotheses regarding the origin and radiation of the flora of this unique biome. Results: Our findings strongly support the monophyly of Malagasy Canarium, suggesting that this clade represents a previously undocumented in situ radiation. Contrary to expectations of dispersal from Africa during the Oligocene, concurrent with the formation of Madagascar’s rain forest biome, our analyses support a late Miocene origin for Malagasy Canarium, probably by long distance dispersal from Southeast Asia. Discussion: Our study illustrates the importance of considering long distance dispersal as a viable explanation for clades with pantropical distributions diversifying subsequent to the Oligocene, and it highlights the formation of the Indo-Australian Archipelago and associated fast-moving equatorial surface currents, suggesting an under-appreciated evolutionary link among tropical centers of endemism. Conclusions: We postulate that the relatively recent establishment and radiation of Canarium in Madagascar may have been facilitated by the highly stochastic climates associated with these forest ecosystems. -
Nupe Plants and Trees Their Names And
NUPE PLANTS AND TREES THEIR NAMES AND USES [DRAFT -PREPARED FOR COMMENT ONLY] Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This printout: January 10, 2008 Roger Blench Nupe plant names – Nupe-Latin Circulation version TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLES........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. THE NUPE PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 2 2.1 Nupe society ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 The environment of Nupeland ............................................................................................................. 3 3. THE NUPE LANGUAGE .......................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. -
The Relationship Between Ecosystem Services and Urban Phytodiversity Is Be- G.M
Open Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10, 788-821 https://www.scirp.org/journal/oje ISSN Online: 2162-1993 ISSN Print: 2162-1985 Relationship between Urban Floristic Diversity and Ecosystem Services in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka Neighbourhood in Brazzaville, Congo Victor Kimpouni1,2* , Josérald Chaîph Mamboueni2, Ghislain Bileri-Bakala2, Charmes Maïdet Massamba-Makanda2, Guy Médard Koussibila-Dibansa1, Denis Makaya1 1École Normale Supérieure, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo 2Institut National de Recherche Forestière, Brazzaville, Congo How to cite this paper: Kimpouni, V., Abstract Mamboueni, J.C., Bileri-Bakala, G., Mas- samba-Makanda, C.M., Koussibila-Dibansa, The relationship between ecosystem services and urban phytodiversity is be- G.M. and Makaya, D. (2020) Relationship ing studied in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka district of Brazzaville. Urban forestry, between Urban Floristic Diversity and Eco- a source of well-being for the inhabitants, is associated with socio-cultural system Services in the Moukonzi-Ngouaka Neighbourhood in Brazzaville, Congo. Open foundations. The surveys concern flora, ethnobotany, socio-economics and Journal of Ecology, 10, 788-821. personal interviews. The 60.30% naturalized flora is heterogeneous and https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.1012049 closely correlated with traditional knowledge. The Guineo-Congolese en- demic element groups are 39.27% of the taxa, of which 3.27% are native to Received: September 16, 2020 Accepted: December 7, 2020 Brazzaville. Ethnobotany recognizes 48.36% ornamental taxa; 28.36% food Published: December 10, 2020 taxa; and 35.27% medicinal taxa. Some multiple-use plants are involved in more than one field. The supply service, a food and phytotherapeutic source, Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and provides the vegetative and generative organs. -
<I>Dacryodes</I> <I>Edulis</I>, <I>P.</I> <I>Americana</I>, Oils
American Journal of Chemistry 2019, 9(1): 13-20 DOI: 10.5923/j.chemistry.20190901.02 Comparative Study on the Cosmeceutical Properties of Oils from Dacryodes edulis (African Pear) and Persea americana (Avocado) Fruits Iniobong S. Enengedi1,*, Okon D. Ekpa2, Magdalene E. Ikpi2 1Department of Chemistry, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract Fruits are major sources of oils for human nutrition as well as for several industrial purposes. The properties of Dacryodes edulis fruit oils from two locations (Uyo and Ikom) were compared to those of Persea americana, a widely used oil in cosmeceutical formulations. All the oils extracted from each of these fruits were liquid at room temperature. The oil yield of P. americana (18.55%) was low in comparison to those of D. edulis-Uyo (49.57%) and D. edulis-Ikom (52.49%). The saponification value of D. edulis-Uyo, D. edulis-Ikom and P. americana oils were 189.33 mgKOH/g, 188.64 mgKOH/g and 185.13 mgKOH/g respectively, indicating their potential application in soap making. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra of P. americana and D. edulis oils appear very similar, however, they revealed slight differences. Soap produced with D. edulis oil from Uyo gave the best quality soap considering the high fatty matter of 89.2% as compared to that of D. edulis soap from Ikom oil (65.4%) and soap from P. americana oil (70.8%). The oils from these fruits could be used as emollients in cosmeceuticals. -
Determination of Proximate and Mineral Elements Compositions in the Bark of Dacryodes Edulis (G.Don) H.J
Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ____________________________________________E-ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 6(4), 12-16, April (2016) Res. J. Chem. Sci. Determination of Proximate and Mineral Elements Compositions in the Bark of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam Ogboru R.O.1*, Idibie C.A.2, Okolie P.L.3 and Agboje I.1 1Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria: Moist Forest Research Station, P.M.B 2444, Benin-City, Nigeria 2Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, P.M.B 100, Agbarha-Otor, Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria 3Delta State Polytechnic, Azagbaroad, P.M.B. 1030, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria [email protected] Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 12th February 2016, revised 13th March 2016, accepted 12th April 2016 Abstract Determination of proximate, mineral elements compositions, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of the bark of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam was carried out. Proximate study revealed that the bark is adequate in nutrients and minerals. Macro nutrient like protein Carbohydrates was determined with a content level of 580.16mg/kg. Other macro nutrients were also relatively high in content level.While crude Protein had a content level of 61.730.11mg/kg, crude Lipid had a content level of 48.560.20mg/kg. Proximate analysis for crude Fibre, Vitamin C, Ash, and Moisture also revealed their contents levels to be 61.660.92mg/kg, 24.010.16mg/kg, 52.370.38mg/kg and 14.560.18 mg/kg, respectively. The existence of essential minerals and their contents levels analysed showed that Dacryodes edulis contains sodium (Na; 7.200.04) mg/kg, potassium (K; 2.570.25) mg/kg and Iron (Fe; 17.760.02) mg/kg, calcium (Ca; 83.240.89)mg/kg, Zinc (Zn; 3.650.08)mg/kg, and manganese (Mn; 241.28) mg/kg, respectively, values range that are non-lethal, therapeutic and idea for the maintenance of good health except for Manganese that was on the very high side. -
Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Toxicity Studies of the Leaf of Dacryodes Edulis (G
Uwumarongie et al. Evaluation and toxicity studies of the leaf of Dacryodes edulis Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy June 2018; 5 (1): 193-195 Available at http://www.jsppharm.org ISSN: 2449-0458 (print); 2449-0466 (electronic) ©Official Journal of the Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia, University of Benin Branch, Benin City, Nigeria. All rights reserved. Proceedings Pharmacognostic evaluation and toxicity studies of the leaf of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. Lam (Burseraceae) Proceedings of the University of Benin, Faculty of Pharmacy Research Day. February, 2018 Henry O Uwumarongie1*, Abayomi B Akinmutola1, Dickson Uwaya2, Gerald I Eze3, Abiodun M Emokpae4, Chike Obiechie5 Departments of 1Pharmacognosy, 2Science Laboratory Technology, 3Anatomy, 4Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria. 5Department of Haematology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. * For correspondence: Email: [email protected]. Tel: +2348036700935 Abstract Purpose: D. edulis leaf is used in the treatment of arrangement. The findings also included various ailments such as anaemia and malaria. Hence chemomicroscopical, quantitative and phytochemical this study, designed to evaluate the leaf for its contents. LD50 of the aqueous leaf extract was 6 g/kg pharmacognostic and toxicity potentials. and the values of the various haematological Methods: Pharmacognostic characteristics and oral parameters were elevated. The spleen showed brisk toxicity tests were evaluated using standard methods activation of the immune system. of analyses. Conclusion: Thus, data have been provided Results: Macroscopically, the leaf was found to be pharmacognostically for the correct identification of compound imparipinnate, oblong-lanceolate in shape, D. edulis leaf and the aqueous extract have been shown has entire margin with asymmetric base and pinnate to be practically non-toxic. -
Phytochemical Screening and Medicinal Potentials of the Bark of Dacryodes Edulis (G. Don) HJ
ntal A me na on ly ir ti v c n a l E C f h o e Journal of Environmental Analytical l Ogboru et al., J Environ Anal Chem 2015, 2:5 m a n i s r t DOI: 10.4172/2380-2391.1000158 u r y o J Chemistry ISSN: 2380-2391 Research article Open Access Phytochemical Screening and Medicinal Potentials of the Bark of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) HJ Lam Ogboru RO1*, Okolie PL2 and Agboje I1 1Moist Forest Research Station, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria 2Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria Abstract The bark of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J Lam have been used over the years in rural communities across the tropical region for its medicinal potentials. Phytochemicals are bioactive constituents which are produced via secondary metabolism in relatively small amounts. To ascertain the phytochemical components responsible for the ethno-medicinal properties, a qualitative and quantitative screening of the bark of the tree was conducted. The phytochemical screening of the bark of Dacryodes edulis was sourced from benin city , south-south Nigeria revealed that alkaloids(18.13 mg/kg), Phenolic compounds (22.01 mg/kg), Flavenoids (60.91 mg/kg), Tannins (18.16 mg/kg), Saponins (3.16 mg/kg), Anthraquinones (12.16 mg/kg), Cardiac glycosides (0.81 mg/kg) and steroids (0.91 mg/kg) were significantly present in the sample. The presence of these phytochemicals gives credence to the medicinal benefits that the bark of this plant has been used for in the past years. -
The Ecological Role of the Bonobo: Seed Dispersal Service in Congo Forests
The ecological role of the Bonobo : seed dispersal service in Congo forests David Beaune To cite this version: David Beaune. The ecological role of the Bonobo : seed dispersal service in Congo forests. Agricultural sciences. Université de Bourgogne, 2012. English. NNT : 2012DIJOS096. tel-00932505 HAL Id: tel-00932505 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932505 Submitted on 17 Jan 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Bourgogne Discipline : Sciences Vie par David Beaune le 28 novembre 2012 The Ecological Role of the Bonobo Seed dispersal service in Congo forests Directeurs de thèse Pr Loïc Bollache, uB Pr François Bretagnolle, uB Dr Barbara Fruth, MPI Jury Bollache, Loïc Prof. Université de Bourgogne Directeur Bretagnolle, François Prof. Université de Bourgogne Directeur Hart, John Dr. Lukuru Research Fundation Rapporteur Krief, Sabrina Dr. MNHN Paris Examinateur McKey, Doyle Prof. Université de Montpellier Rapporteur © Aux jardiniers des forêts. Puissent-ils encore vivre… tout simplement 1 Remerciements Financeurs : Le projet « Rôle écologique des bonobos » a bénéficié de diverses sources de financements : . -
Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D.