Juglandaceae (Walnuts)
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CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present. -
An Abstract of the Thesis Of
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Annie M. Chozinski for the degree of Master of Science in Horticulture presented on November 23. 1994. Title: The Evaluation of Cold Hardiness in Corvlus. Abstract approved: Shawn A. Mehlenbacher Anthesis of both staminate and pistillate flowers of Cory/us occurs in midwinter. To insure adequate pollination and nut set, these flowers must attain a sufficient hardiness level to withstand low temperatures. This study estimated cold hardiness of Cory/us cultivars and species using laboratory freezing of shoots without artificial hardening. In December, January and February of 1991-92 and 1992-93, one-year stems were collected 0 0 and frozen at regular intervals from -10 C to -38 C/ and visual browning assessed survival approximately 10 days after freezing. Elongated catkins were clipped prior to freezing. Percent flower bud survival was calculated and plotted against temperature. Linear regression generated an equation relating percent bud survival to temperature. From this equation, estimates of the LT^ (lethal temperature for 50% of the buds) was calculated for catkins, female inflorescences, and vegetative buds. C. avellana L. catkins, on average, were less hardy in both December and January than female inflorescences and vegetative buds. Maximum hardiness was reached in December and nearly all had elongated prior to the February freeze. Cultivars with the most hardy catkins were 'Morell', 'Brixnut', 'Creswell', 'Gem', 'Giresun OSU 54.080', 'Hall's Giant', 'Riccia di Talanico', 'Montebello' and 'Rode Zeller'. Maximum hardiness was observed for both vegetative and pistillate buds in January and was followed by a marked loss of hardiness in February. -
Common Forest Trees of NC
FFOORREESSTT TTRREEEESS OF NORTH CAROLINA North Carolina Forest Service TWENTIETH EDITION 2012 North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services The North Carolina Forest Service is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Its programs, activities and employment practices are available to all people regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, handicap or political affiliation. COMMON FOREST TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA ( R E V I S E D ) A POCKET MANUAL Produced by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consum er Services North Carolina Forest Service Wib L. Owen, State Forester TWENTIETH EDITION 2012 Foreword Trees may be the oldest and largest living things in nature. They are closely associated with our daily lives, yet most of us know little about them and barely can tell one type of tree from another. Sixteen editions of this handy pocket guide have been printed since John Simcox Holmes, North Carolina's first State Forester, put together the first edition in 1922. Holmes' idea was to provide an easy-to-use reference guide to help people of all ages recognize many of our common forest trees on sight. That goal has not changed. Although the book has changed little, some uses of wood and general information about the trees have. Carriages and wagons, for example, aren't often made from Shagbark hickory (or anything else) anymore, and Loblolly pine now is used for making tremendous amounts of pine plywood, something unheard of in the 1920's. Keeping these changes in mind, we revised Common Forest Trees of North Carolina in 1977 and 1995. -
Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation -
Optimization of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Flat-Europe Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus Heterophylla Fisch
Biotechnology Journal International 17(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJI.31140 Previously known as British Biotechnology Journal ISSN: 2231–2927, NLM ID: 101616695 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Optimization of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Flat-Europe Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × C. avellana L.) Oil and Analysis of Its Components Chunmao Lv1*, Na Liu1, Xianjun Meng1, Changying Lu1 and Xiao Li1 1College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author CL designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors NL, CL and XM managed the analyses of the study. Author XL managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJI/2017/31140 Editor(s): (1) Ghousia Begum, Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. Reviewers: (1) Gyula Oros, PPI HAS, Budapest, Hungary. (2) Lorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Philippines. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/17872 Received 22nd December 2016 Accepted 30th January 2017 Original Research Article th Published 17 February 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: The research aimed to evaluate the technological factors of the composite enzymatic extraction of Flat-European hybrid hazelnut oil, and analyze the fatty acid composition, to lay the foundations for the industrialized production of this oil. Study Design: Based on single factor tests, the best conditions for the aqueous enzymatic extraction of the oil determined by response surface analysis. -
Plants for Tropical Subsistence Farms
SELECTING THE BEST PLANTS FOR THE TROPICAL SUBSISTENCE FARM By Dr. F. W. Martin. Published in parts, 1989 and 1994; Revised 1998 and 2007 by ECHO Staff Dedication: This document is dedicated to the memory of Scott Sherman who worked as ECHO's Assistant Director until his death in January 1996. He spent countless hours corresponding with hundreds of missionaries and national workers around the world, answering technical questions and helping them select new and useful plants to evaluate. Scott took special joy in this work because he Photo by ECHO Staff knew the God who had created these plants--to be a blessing to all the nations. WHAT’S INSIDE: TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO FIND THE BEST PLANTS… Plants for Feeding Animals Grasses DESCRIPTIONS OF USEFUL PLANTS Legumes Plants for Food Other Feed Plants Staple Food Crops Plants for Supplemental Human Needs Cereal and Non-Leguminous Grain Fibers Pulses (Leguminous Grains) Thatching/Weaving and Clothes Roots and Tubers Timber and Fuel Woods Vegetable Crops Plants for the Farm Itself Leguminous Vegetables Crops to Conserve or Improve the Soil Non-Leguminous Fruit Vegetables Nitrogen-Fixing Trees Leafy Vegetables Miners of Deep (in Soil) Minerals Miscellaneous Vegetables Manure Crops Fruits and Nut Crops Borders Against Erosion Basic Survival Fruits Mulch High Value Fruits Cover Crops Outstanding Nuts Crops to Modify the Climate Specialty Food Crops Windbreaks Sugar, Starch, and Oil Plants for Shade Beverages, Spices and Condiment Herbs Other Special-Purpose Plants Plants for Medicinal Purposes Living Fences Copyright © ECHO 2007. All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced for training purposes if Plants for Alley Cropping distributed free of charge or at cost and credit is given to ECHO. -
Scientific Name Common Name NATURAL ASSOCIATIONS of TREES and SHRUBS for the PIEDMONT a List
www.rainscapes.org NATURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR THE PIEDMONT A list of plants which are naturally found growing with each other and which adapted to the similar growing conditions to each other Scientific Name Common Name Acer buergeranum Trident maple Acer saccarum Sugar maple Acer rubrum Red Maple Betula nigra River birch Trees Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Fagus grandifolia American beech Maple Woods Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree, yellow poplar Liquidamber styraciflua Sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia Amelanchier arborea Juneberry, Shadbush, Servicetree Hamamelis virginiana Autumn Witchhazel Shrubs Ilex opaca American holly Ilex vomitoria*** Yaupon Holly Viburnum acerifolium Maple leaf viburnum Aesulus parvilflora Bottlebrush buckeye Aesulus pavia Red buckeye Carya ovata Shadbark hickory Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Halesia carolina Crolina silverbell Ilex cassine Cassina, Dahoon Ilex opaca American Holly Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree, yellow poplar Trees Ostrya virginiana Ironwood Prunus serotina Wild black cherry Quercus alba While oak Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak Oak Woods Quercus falcata Spanish red oak Quercus palustris Pin oak Quercus rubra Red oak Quercus velutina Black oak Sassafras albidum Sassafras Azalea nudiflorum Pinxterbloom azalea Azalea canescens Piedmont azalea Ilex verticillata Winterberry Kalmia latifolia Mountain laurel Shrubs Rhododenron calendulaceum Flame azalea Rhus copallina Staghorn sumac Rhus typhina Shining sumac Vaccinium pensylvanicum Low-bush blueberry Magnolia -
Castanea Sativa Mill
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4, 5, 6 Castanea sativa Mill. taxonomy author, year Miller, … synonym C. vesca Gaertn. Family Fagaceae Eng. Name Sweet Chestnut tree, Spanish Chestnut, European Chestnut Dutch name Tamme kastanje subspecies - varieties - hybrids - cultivars, frequently used references Weeda 2003, Nederlandse oecologische flora, vol.1 (Dutch) PFAF database http://www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit tree, round max. height (m) 30 max. dbh (cm) 300 actual size Europe 2000? years old, d(..) 197, Etna, Sicily , Italy actual size The Netherlands year 1600-1700, d (130) 270, h 25, Kabouterboom, Beek-Ubbergen year 1810-1820, d(130) 149, h 30 leaf length (cm) 10-27 leaf petiole (cm) 2-3 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface green leaves arrangement alternate flowering June flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) 1 flower male catkins length (cm) 8-12 pollination wind fruit; length burr (Dutch: bolster) containing 2-3 nuts; 6-8 cm fruit petiole (cm) 1 seed; length nut; 5-6 cm seed-wing length (cm) - weight 1000 seeds (g) 300-1000 seeds ripen September seed dispersal rodents: Apodemus -species – Wood mice - bosmuizen rodents: Sciurus vulgaris - Squirrel - Eekhoorn birds: Garulus glandarius – Jay –Gaai habitat natural distribution Europe, West Asia in N.W. Europe since 9000 B.C. natural areas The Netherlands forests geological landscape types The Netherlands loss-covered terraces, ice pushed ridges (Hoek 1997) forested areas The Netherlands loamy and sandy soils. area Netherlands < 1700 (2002, Probos) % of forest trees in the Netherlands < 0,7 (2002, Probos) soil type pH-KCl indifferent soil fertility nutrient medium to rich light highly shade tolerant as a sapling, shade tolerant when mature shade tolerance 3.2 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. -
Take Another Look
Take Contact Details Another SUNSHINE COAST REGIONAL COUNCIL Caloundra Customer Service Look..... 1 Omrah Avenue, Caloundra FRONT p: 07 5420 8200 e: [email protected] Maroochydore Customer Service 11-13 Ocean Street, Maroochydore p: 07 5475 8501 e: [email protected] Nambour Customer Service Cnr Currie & Bury Street, Nambour p: 07 5475 8501 e: [email protected] Tewantin Customer Service 9 Pelican Street, Tewantin p: 07 5449 5200 e: [email protected] YOUR LOCAL CONTACT Our Locals are Beauties HINTERLAND EDITION HINTERLAND EDITION 0 Local native plant guide 2 What you grow in your garden can have major impact, Introduction 3 for better or worse, on the biodiversity of the Sunshine Native plants 4 - 41 Coast. Growing a variety of native plants on your property can help to attract a wide range of beautiful Wildlife Gardening 20 - 21 native birds and animals. Native plants provide food and Introduction Conservation Partnerships 31 shelter for wildlife, help to conserve local species and Table of Contents Table Environmental weeds 42 - 73 enable birds and animals to move through the landscape. Method of removal 43 Choosing species which flower and fruit in different Succulent plants and cacti 62 seasons, produce different types of fruit and provide Water weeds 70 - 71 roost or shelter sites for birds, frogs and lizards can greatly increase your garden’s real estate value for native References and further reading 74 fauna. You and your family will benefit from the natural pest control, life and colour that these residents and PLANT TYPE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS visitors provide – free of charge! Habitat for native frogs Tall Palm/Treefern Local native plants also improve our quality of life in Attracts native insects other ways. -
Conservation Assessment for Butternut Or White Walnut (Juglans Cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region 2003 Jan Schultz Hiawatha National Forest Forest Plant Ecologist (906) 228-8491 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Juglans cinerea L. (butternut). This is an administrative review of existing information only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U. S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation of this document, then subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. 2 Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES.......................................................................7 BIOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION..............................8 Species Description and Life History..........................................................................................8 SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................9 -
Filbert European Corylus Avellana Corylus Avellana Commonly Called
Filbert European Corylus avellana Corylus avellana commonly called European Filbert, European hazel, cobnut and Harry Lauder’s walking stick is a deciduous, thicket-forming, multi-trunked suckering shrub. Common names of filbert and hazel are likely interchangeable. Hazel is more often used in reference to wild specimens and filbert is more likely to be used in reference to cultivated plants. The filbert nuts to be produced in commerce primarily come from plants (C. avellano x C. maxima). ‘Contorta’, commonly called contorted filbert, corkscrew hazel or Harry Lauder’s Walking Stick, is contorted version of the species plant. It was discovered growing as a sport in an English hedgerow In the mid-1800s by Victorian Gardner Cannon Ellacombe. This plant was given the common name of Harry Lauder’s walking stick in the 1900s in honor of the Scottish entertainer Harry Lauder. The European Filbert leaves are dark green, slightly covered with fine soft hairs above and beneath; alternate; 2-4” in length, somewhat circular to egg – shaped or heart – shaped, abruptly tapers to a point at apex, edge doubly toothed, often with lobes, petiole ¼” to ½” long. The twigs are brown, glandular – hairy. Buds green to brown, hairless with hairy scale; overlapping, egg shaped to round. Flowers/Fruit: Flowers monoecious; male flowers are large (2”to 3”) catkins, yellow – brown, late winter to early spring blooming; female flowers inconspicuous. Fruit a nut; nuts inside involucre, which is toothed or lubed and nearly the length of the nut; ¾” in length; edible fruit grown commercially as a crop. European Filbert bark is pale to gray – brown, smoother with age, not an ornamental feature. -
Nutritive Value and Degradability of Leaves from Temperate Woody Resources for Feeding Ruminants in Summer
3rd European Agroforestry Conference Montpellier, 23-25 May 2016 Silvopastoralism (poster) NUTRITIVE VALUE AND DEGRADABILITY OF LEAVES FROM TEMPERATE WOODY RESOURCES FOR FEEDING RUMINANTS IN SUMMER Emile JC 1*, Delagarde R 2, Barre P 3, Novak S 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] mailto:(1) INRA, UE 1373 FERLUS, 86600 Lusignan, France (2) INRA, UMR 1348 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France (3) INRA, UR 4 URP3F, 86600 Lusignan, France 1/ Introduction Integrating agroforestry in livestock farming systems may be a real opportunity in the current climatic, social and economic conditions. Trees can contribute to improve welfare of grazing ruminants. The production of leaves from woody plants may also constitute a forage resource for livestock (Papanastasis et al. 2008) during periods of low grasslands production (summer and autumn). To know the potential of leaves from woody plants to be fed by ruminants, including dairy females, the nutritive value of these new forages has to be evaluated. References on nutritive values that already exist for woody plants come mainly from tropical or Mediterranean climatic conditions (http://www.feedipedia.org/) and very few data are currently available for the temperate regions. In the frame of a long term mixed crop-dairy system experiment integrating agroforestry (Novak et al. 2016), a large evaluation of leaves from woody resources has been initiated. The objective of this evaluation is to characterise leaves of woody forage resources potentially available for ruminants (hedgerows, coppices, shrubs, pollarded trees), either directly by browsing or fed after cutting. This paper presents the evaluation of a first set of 12 woody resources for which the feeding value is evaluated through their protein and fibre concentrations, in vitro digestibility (enzymatic method) and effective ruminal degradability.