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CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION

CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present.
Species Profile for California Live Oak (Quercus Agrifolia)

California Phenology Project: species profile for California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) CPP site(s) where this species is monitored: Redwood Regional Park, Roberts Regional Recreation Area What does this species look like? This large evergreen tree has a dark grey, stout, short trunk and wide spreading branches. The leathery leaves are shiny on the upper surface and dull on the lower surface, which is covered with fuzzy hairs. The leaf margins are spiny and holly-like. The individuals are monoecious; each tree bears both male and female flowers but the male flowers produce only anthers and the female flowers produce only pistils. The yellow-green male flowers are clustered in elongated, drooping catkins that are 4-10 cm long, and the female flowers are clustered in reddish green spikes. When monitoring this species, use the USA-NPN broadleaf evergreen (with pollen) trees and shrubs Photo credit: randomtruth (Flickr) datasheet. Species facts! • The CPP four letter code for this species is QUAG. • This oak is very fire resistant. Adaptations to fire include evergreen leaves, thick bark, and the ability to sprout post-fire from the roots, trunk, and upper crown. • Individuals can live up to 250 years. • Susceptible to Sudden Oak Death disease. • Wind pollinated. • Each acorn takes a full year to develop from a pollinated flower. Photo credit: randomtruth (Flickr) Where is this species found? • In valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen forest, and woodlands at elevations less than 1500 meters. • Endemic to California; found in North Coast Ranges, Central Western California, and SW California. • Occurs on soils ranging from silts and clays to weathered granite.
Salix Caprea (Goat Willow, Great Sallow, Pussy Willow) Goat Willow Is a Small Multi Stemmed Deciduous Tree Native to Europe and Western Asia

Salix caprea (Goat Willow, Great Sallow, Pussy Willow) Goat willow is a small multi stemmed deciduous tree native to Europe and western Asia. It is growing a silky male flower called catkins in early spring Female and male flower grows in a different tree.The leaves are dark green and hairy underneath. Mainly the weeping cultivate is used in gardens. It likes sun and well-drained soil, and benefits from a severe pruning every 2 or 3 years. Grow it where late winter and early spring interest are needed in the garden. Landscape Information French Name: Saule marsault Pronounciation: SAL-iks Plant Type: Tree Origin: Europe and western Asia. Heat Zones: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Hardiness Zones: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Uses: Screen, Hedge, Specimen, Container, Windbreak, Cut Flowers / Arrangements Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Upright, Weeping Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Medium Canopy Texture: Medium Height at Maturity: 5 to 8 m Spread at Maturity: 3 to 5 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 10 to 20 Years Plant Image Salix caprea (Goat Willow, Great Sallow, Pussy Willow) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Odd Pinnately compund Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Ovate Leaf Margins: Entire, Dentate Leaf Textures: Glossy, Medium Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 1.5 - 3 Flower Type: Catkin Flower Sexuality: Diecious (Monosexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance
Optimization of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Flat-Europe Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus Heterophylla Fisch

Biotechnology Journal International 17(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJI.31140 Previously known as British Biotechnology Journal ISSN: 2231–2927, NLM ID: 101616695 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Optimization of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Flat-Europe Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × C. avellana L.) Oil and Analysis of Its Components Chunmao Lv1*, Na Liu1, Xianjun Meng1, Changying Lu1 and Xiao Li1 1College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author CL designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors NL, CL and XM managed the analyses of the study. Author XL managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJI/2017/31140 Editor(s): (1) Ghousia Begum, Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. Reviewers: (1) Gyula Oros, PPI HAS, Budapest, Hungary. (2) Lorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Philippines. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/17872 Received 22nd December 2016 Accepted 30th January 2017 Original Research Article th Published 17 February 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: The research aimed to evaluate the technological factors of the composite enzymatic extraction of Flat-European hybrid hazelnut oil, and analyze the fatty acid composition, to lay the foundations for the industrialized production of this oil. Study Design: Based on single factor tests, the best conditions for the aqueous enzymatic extraction of the oil determined by response surface analysis.
Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3

QRNo. General description of Type of Tariff line code(s) affected, based on Detailed Product Description WTO Justification (e.g. National legal basis and entry into Administration, modification of previously the restriction restriction HS(2012) Article XX(g) of the GATT, etc.) force (i.e. Law, regulation or notified measures, and other comments (Symbol in and Grounds for Restriction, administrative decision) Annex 2 of e.g., Other International the Decision) Commitments (e.g. Montreal Protocol, CITES, etc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 Prohibition to CP 2903 77 100 0 CFCl3 (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane Article XX(h) GATT Board of Eurasian Economic Import/export of these ozone destroying import/export ozone CP-X Commission substances from/to the customs territory of the destroying substances 2903 77 200 0 CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) Dichlorodifluoromethane Article 46 of the EAEU Treaty DECISION on August 16, 2012 N Eurasian Economic Union is permitted only in (excluding goods in dated 29 may 2014 and paragraphs 134 the following cases: transit) (all EAEU 2903 77 300 0 C2F3Cl3 (CFC-113) 1,1,2- 4 and 37 of the Protocol on non- On legal acts in the field of non- _to be used solely as a raw material for the countries) Trichlorotrifluoroethane tariff regulation measures against tariff regulation (as last amended at 2 production of other chemicals; third countries Annex No. 7 to the June 2016) EAEU of 29 May 2014 Annex 1 to the Decision N 134 dated 16 August 2012 Unit list of goods subject to prohibitions or restrictions on import or export by countries- members of the
20-053 — Provisional Recommendations And

Factsheet #20-053 | AGDEX 240 | AUGUST 2020 Provisional Recommendations and Descriptions of Hazelnut Varieties in Ontario T. Leuty INTRODUCTION potential market uses and yield and sensitivity to The Ontario hazelnut industry is currently in a state winter injury (hardiness zone). of early commercial development. Hazelnut cultivars are being evaluated as potential crop cultivars and Hazelnuts are self-incompatible. This means that pollen source cultivars, based on their ability to a hazelnut plant will not pollenize its own female tolerate minimum winter temperatures, spring frost flowers or pollenize female flowers of other and manage native diseases, mainly Eastern filbert hazelnut plants within the same variety. Hazelnut blight (EFB) and bacterial blight. Maturing orchards varieties must cross-pollenize with other compatible have begun to produce an annual hazelnut crop. varieties in order to set and grow a nut crop. It is Kernels are being evaluated for quality attributes recommended that growers provide three to five and for various market uses including fresh, different compatible pollen source varieties for each confectionary and other value-added products. crop cultivar to ensure successful pollen transfer and optimize crop yield. The timing of pollen Table 1 provides provisional hazelnut variety release is also a factor. Male catkin flowers should recommendations for Ontario with revised release pollen when the female crop flowers are tolerance/susceptibility to Eastern filbert blight, open and receptive. Table 1. Provisional
Filberts PART I

Station Bulletin 208 August, 1924 Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station Filberts PART I. GROWING FILBERTS IN OREGON PART II. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON FILBERT POLLINATION By C. E. SCHUSTER CORVALLIS, OREGON The regular bulletins of the Station are sent free to the residents of Oregon who request them. BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND EXPERIMENT STATION HON.J. K. WEATI-IERFORS, President Albany I-ION. JEFEERSON MYERS, Secretary Portland Hon. B. F. IRVINE, Treasurer Portland HON.WALTER M. PIERCE, Governor Salem - HON.SAss A. KOZER, Secretary of State--.. - Salem I-ION. J A. CHURCHILL, Superintendent of Public instruction ......Salem HON. GEommcE A. PALM ITER, Master of State Grange - Hood River - HON. K. B. ALDRICH . - . .Pertdleton Hon. SAM H. BROSvN Gervams HON.HARRY BAILEY .......... Lakeview I-ION. Geo. M. CORNWALL Portland Hon. M. S. \OODCOCX Corvallis Hon. E. E. \VILON Corvallis STATION STAFF 'N. J. KERR, D.Sc., LL.D... President J. T. JARDINE, XIS Director E. T. DEED, B.S., AD... Editor H. P. BARSS, A.B., S.M - - .Plant Pathologist B. B. BAYLES - Jr Plant Breeder, Office of Cer. loses., U. S. Dept. of Agri. P. M.BRAND-C,B.S , A M Dairy Husbandmami - Horticulturist (Vegetable Gardening) A.G. G. C. BOUQUET, BROWN, B.S B.......Horticulturist, Hood River Br Exp. Station, Hood River V. S. BROWN, AD., M S Horticulturist in Charge D. K. BULL1S, B.S - Assistant Chemist LEROY CHILOC, AD - .Supt Hood River Branch Exp. Station, Hood River V. Corson, MS. .. Bacteriologist K. DEAN, B.S..............Supt. Umatilla Brsnch Exp. Station, Hermiston FLOYD M.
Descriptors for Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.)

Descriptors for Hazelnut(Corylus avellana L.) List of Descriptors Allium (E, S) 2001 Pearl millet (E/F) 1993 Almond (revised)* (E) 1985 Pepino (E) 2004 Apple* (E) 1982 Phaseolus acutifolius (E) 1985 Apricot* (E) 1984 Phaseolus coccineus* (E) 1983 Avocado (E/S) 1995 Phaseolus lunatus (P) 2001 Bambara groundnut (E, F) 2000 Phaseolus vulgaris* (E, P) 1982 Banana (E, S, F) 1996 Pigeonpea (E) 1993 Barley (E) 1994 Pineapple (E) 1991 Beta (E) 1991 Pistachio (A, R, E, F) 1997 Black pepper (E/S) 1995 Pistacia (excluding Pistacia vera) (E) 1998 Brassica and Raphanus (E) 1990 Plum* (E) 1985 Brassica campestris L. (E) 1987 Potato variety* (E) 1985 Buckwheat (E) 1994 Quinua* (E) 1981 Cañahua (S) 2005 Rambutan 2003 Capsicum (E/S) 1995 Rice* (E) 2007 Cardamom (E) 1994 Rocket (E, I) 1999 Carrot (E, S, F) 1998 Rye and Triticale* (E) 1985 Cashew* (E) 1986 Safflower* (E) 1983 Cherry* (E) 1985 Sesame (E) 2004 Chickpea (E) 1993 Setaria italica and S. pumilia (E) 1985 Citrus (E, F, S) 1999 Shea tree (E) 2006 Coconut (E) 1995 Sorghum (E/F) 1993 Coffee (E, S, F) 1996 Soyabean* (E/C) 1984 Cotton (revised)* (E) 1985 Strawberry (E) 1986 Cowpea (E, P)* 1983 Sunflower* (E) 1985 Cultivated potato* (E) 1977 Sweet potato (E/S/F) 1991 Date Palm (F) 2005 Taro (E, F, S) 1999 Durian (E) 2007 Tea (E, S, F) 1997 Echinochloa millet* (E) 1983 Tomato (E, S, F) 1996 Eggplant (E/F) 1990 Tropical fruit (revised)* (E) 1980 Faba bean* (E) 1985 Ulluco (S) 2003 Fig (E) 2003 Vigna aconitifolia and V.
How a Flower Becomes a Chestnut: Morphological Development of Chinese Chestnuts (Castanea Mollisima)

How a Flower Becomes a Chestnut: Morphological Development of Chinese Chestnuts (Castanea mollisima) Amy Miller1, Diane D, Miller2, and Paula M. Pijut3 1Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Hardwood Tree Inprovement and Regeneration Center Purdue University 715 W. State St. West Lafayette, IN 47907 2Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University Wooster, OH 44691 3Northern Research Station Hardwood Tree Inprovement and Regeneration Center USDA Forest Service West Lafayette, IN 47907 [email protected] Ph: (330) 413-9384, Fax: (765) 494-9461 hestnuts, members of the genus Castanea, family (Anagnostakis 1987). Efforts are ongoing to produce and CFagaceae, are popular worldwide and consist of three introduce blight-resistant, well-adapted chestnut back to the sections with at least seven distinct species, but may include North American forest to regain its ecological and economic up to 12 species according to their classification (Bounous benefits (Thompson 2012). and Marinoni 2005). All species have noteworthy ecologi- Of the seven distinct species, three chestnut species, cal, economic, and cultural importance in southern Europe, Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima Blume), Chinese chinqua- Anatolia, the Caucasus Mountains, temperate eastern Asia, pin (C. henryi (Skan.) Rehder. and E.H. Wilson), and Seguin and eastern North America (Conedera et al. 2004; Davis chestnut (C. seguinii Dode.) are native to China, Japanese 2006). Chestnut species regularly bear sweet, nutritious chestnut (C. crenata Siebold and Zucc.) is native to Japan nuts that are high in carbohydrate, but low in fat (Bounous and Korea, European or Sweet chestnut (C. sativa Mill.) is and Marinoni 2005; McCarthy and Meredith 1988; Senter found in Europe, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, and American et al.
CBD First National Report

FIRST NATIONAL REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY July 2010 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... 3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 4 2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Geographic Profile .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Climate Profile ...................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Population Profile ................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Economic Profile .................................................................................................. 7 3 THE BIODIVERSITY OF SERBIA .............................................................................. 8 3.1 Overview......................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Ecosystem and Habitat Diversity .................................................................... 8 3.3 Species Diversity ............................................................................................ 9 3.4 Genetic Diversity ............................................................................................. 9 3.5 Protected Areas .............................................................................................10
Eastern Filbert Blight Kaitlin Morey Gold*, UW-Madison Plant Pathology

XHT1253 Provided to you by: Eastern Filbert Blight Kaitlin Morey Gold*, UW-Madison Plant Pathology What is Eastern filbert blight? Eastern filbert blight is a potentially serious fungal disease found throughout the United States, including Wisconsin. It affects only Corylus species, commonly known as hazelnuts or filberts. On hazelnuts native to Wisconsin such as American hazelnut (Corylus americana) and beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), the disease causes little significant damage, but on the commonly grown European hazelnut (Corylus avellana), including Harry Lauder’s walking stick (Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’), the disease is lethal. Turkish filbert (Corylus colurna) also appears to be highly susceptible. What does Eastern filbert blight look like? Eastern filbert blight causes cankers (i.e., dead, collapsed areas of bark) on branches or main trunks. Easily visible within the cankers are black, football-shaped stromata (the reproductive structures of the causal fungus). The stromata often form in rows of two. Cankers first appear on new twigs and expand over time. American hazelnut trees/shrubs are able to live almost indefinitely with Eastern filbert blight, forming a small number of slowly-expanding cankers (if any cankers form at all) that lead to limited branch dieback. On European hazelnut however, cankers will expand anywhere from one inch to three feet in a year, and can eventually form long, deep gouges or grooves on severely affected trees/shrubs. Eastern filbert blight can cause small black European hazelnuts typically die due to cankers that form in rows, or deep gouges in the bark of severely infected trees/shrubs. girdling from Eastern filbert blight within five to 10 years.
Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections

Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use.