The Conversion of Abandoned Chestnut Forests to Managed Ones Does Not Affect the Soil Chemical Properties and Improves the Soil Microbial Biomass Activity
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CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present. -
Castanea Sativa Mill
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4, 5, 6 Castanea sativa Mill. taxonomy author, year Miller, … synonym C. vesca Gaertn. Family Fagaceae Eng. Name Sweet Chestnut tree, Spanish Chestnut, European Chestnut Dutch name Tamme kastanje subspecies - varieties - hybrids - cultivars, frequently used references Weeda 2003, Nederlandse oecologische flora, vol.1 (Dutch) PFAF database http://www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit tree, round max. height (m) 30 max. dbh (cm) 300 actual size Europe 2000? years old, d(..) 197, Etna, Sicily , Italy actual size The Netherlands year 1600-1700, d (130) 270, h 25, Kabouterboom, Beek-Ubbergen year 1810-1820, d(130) 149, h 30 leaf length (cm) 10-27 leaf petiole (cm) 2-3 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface green leaves arrangement alternate flowering June flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) 1 flower male catkins length (cm) 8-12 pollination wind fruit; length burr (Dutch: bolster) containing 2-3 nuts; 6-8 cm fruit petiole (cm) 1 seed; length nut; 5-6 cm seed-wing length (cm) - weight 1000 seeds (g) 300-1000 seeds ripen September seed dispersal rodents: Apodemus -species – Wood mice - bosmuizen rodents: Sciurus vulgaris - Squirrel - Eekhoorn birds: Garulus glandarius – Jay –Gaai habitat natural distribution Europe, West Asia in N.W. Europe since 9000 B.C. natural areas The Netherlands forests geological landscape types The Netherlands loss-covered terraces, ice pushed ridges (Hoek 1997) forested areas The Netherlands loamy and sandy soils. area Netherlands < 1700 (2002, Probos) % of forest trees in the Netherlands < 0,7 (2002, Probos) soil type pH-KCl indifferent soil fertility nutrient medium to rich light highly shade tolerant as a sapling, shade tolerant when mature shade tolerance 3.2 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. -
Nutritive Value and Degradability of Leaves from Temperate Woody Resources for Feeding Ruminants in Summer
3rd European Agroforestry Conference Montpellier, 23-25 May 2016 Silvopastoralism (poster) NUTRITIVE VALUE AND DEGRADABILITY OF LEAVES FROM TEMPERATE WOODY RESOURCES FOR FEEDING RUMINANTS IN SUMMER Emile JC 1*, Delagarde R 2, Barre P 3, Novak S 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] mailto:(1) INRA, UE 1373 FERLUS, 86600 Lusignan, France (2) INRA, UMR 1348 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France (3) INRA, UR 4 URP3F, 86600 Lusignan, France 1/ Introduction Integrating agroforestry in livestock farming systems may be a real opportunity in the current climatic, social and economic conditions. Trees can contribute to improve welfare of grazing ruminants. The production of leaves from woody plants may also constitute a forage resource for livestock (Papanastasis et al. 2008) during periods of low grasslands production (summer and autumn). To know the potential of leaves from woody plants to be fed by ruminants, including dairy females, the nutritive value of these new forages has to be evaluated. References on nutritive values that already exist for woody plants come mainly from tropical or Mediterranean climatic conditions (http://www.feedipedia.org/) and very few data are currently available for the temperate regions. In the frame of a long term mixed crop-dairy system experiment integrating agroforestry (Novak et al. 2016), a large evaluation of leaves from woody resources has been initiated. The objective of this evaluation is to characterise leaves of woody forage resources potentially available for ruminants (hedgerows, coppices, shrubs, pollarded trees), either directly by browsing or fed after cutting. This paper presents the evaluation of a first set of 12 woody resources for which the feeding value is evaluated through their protein and fibre concentrations, in vitro digestibility (enzymatic method) and effective ruminal degradability. -
Nut Production, Marketing Handout
Nut Production, Marketing Handout Why grow nuts in Iowa??? Nuts can produce the equivalent of a white-collar salary from a part-time job. They are up to 12 times more profitable per acre than corn was, even back when corn was $8/bushel. Nuts can accomplish the above with just a fraction of the investment in capital, land, and labor. Nuts can be grown in a biologically diverse perennial polyculture system with the following benefits: Builds soil instead of losing it to erosion Little or no chemical inputs needed Sequesters CO2 and builds soil organic matter Increases precipitation infiltration and storage, reduces runoff, building resilience against drought Produces high-quality habitat for wildlife, pollinating insects, and beneficial soil microbes Can build rural communities by providing a good living and a high quality of life for a whole farm family, on a relatively few acres If it’s so great, why doesn’t everybody do it? “Time Preference” economic principle: the tendency of people to prefer a smaller reward immediately over having to wait for a larger reward. Example: if an average person was to be given the choice between the following…. # 1. $10,000 cash right now, tax-free, no strings, or #2. Work part-time for 10 years with no pay, but after 10 years receive $100,000 per year, every year, for the rest of his/her life, and then for his/her heirs, in perpetuity… Most would choose #1, the immediate, smaller payoff. This is a near-perfect analogy for nut growing. Nut growing requires a substantial up-front investment with no return for the first five years, break-even not until eight to ten years, then up to $10,000 per acre or more at maturity, 12-15 years. -
Naturalization of Almond Trees (Prunus Dulcis) in Semi-Arid Regions
*Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Naturalization of almond trees (Prunus dulcis) in semi-arid 10 11 regions of the Western Mediterranean. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 1,3 19 Pablo Homet-Gutierrez , Eugene W. Schupp , José M. Gómez * 20 1Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada, España. 21 2 22 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center. Utah State University. USA. 23 3Dpt de Ecología Evolutiva y Funcional, Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZA-CSIC), 24 25 Almería, España. 26 27 28 *Corresponding author 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 63 64 65 Abstract 1 Agricultural land abandonment is rampant in present day Europe. A major consequence of this 2 3 phenomenon is the re-colonization of these areas by the original vegetation. However, some 4 agricultural, exotic species are able to naturalize and colonize these abandoned lands. In this 5 6 study we explore the ability of almonds (Prunus dulcis D.A. Webb.) to establish in abandoned 7 croplands in semi-arid areas of SE Iberian Peninsula. Domesticated during the early Holocene 8 9 in SW Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, the almond has spread as a crop all over the world. 10 We established three plots adjacent to almond orchards on land that was abandoned and 11 12 reforested with Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) about 20 13 years ago. -
Monsanto Improved Fatty Acid Profile MON 87705 Soybean, Petition 09-201-01P
Monsanto Improved Fatty Acid Profile MON 87705 Soybean, Petition 09-201-01p OECD Unique Identifier: MON-87705-6 Final Environmental Assessment September 2011 Agency Contact Cindy Eck USDA, APHIS, BRS 4700 River Road, Unit 147 Riverdale, MD 20737-1237 Phone: (301) 734-0667 Fax: (301) 734-8669 [email protected] The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’S TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. MONSANTO 87705 SOYBEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ iv 1 PURPOSE AND NEED ........................................................................................................ -
Localized Gene Expression Changes During Adventitious Root Formation in Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra L.)
Tree Physiology 38, 877–894 doi:10.1093/treephys/tpx175 Research paper Localized gene expression changes during adventitious root formation in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) Micah E. Stevens1, Keith E. Woeste2 and Paula M. Pijut2,3 1Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC), 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 2USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, HTIRC, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) Received May 31, 2017; accepted December 20, 2017; published online January 25, 2018; handling Editor Danielle Way Cutting propagation plays a large role in the forestry and horticulture industries where superior genotypes need to be clonally multiplied. Integral to this process is the ability of cuttings to form adventitious roots. Recalcitrance to adventitious root develop- ment is a serious hurdle for many woody plant propagation systems including black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), an economically valuable species. The inability of black walnut to reliably form adventitious roots limits propagation of superior genotypes. Adventitious roots originate from different locations, and root induction is controlled by many environmental and endogenous factors. At the molecular level, however, the regulation of adventitious root formation is still poorly understood. In order to eluci- date the transcriptional changes during adventitious root development in black walnut, we used quantitative real-time polymer- ase chain reaction to measure the expression of nine key genes regulating root formation in other species. Using our previously developed spatially explicit timeline of adventitious root development in black walnut softwood cuttings, we optimized a laser capture microdissection protocol to isolate RNA from cortical, phloem fiber and phloem parenchyma cells throughout adventi- tious root formation. -
The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The ffecE t of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis Colton Zirkle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Zirkle, Colton, "The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1996. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Colton Zirkle Missouri State University Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2014 May 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Ashley Dowling Thesis Director ____________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Frederick Paillet Dr. Neelendra Joshi Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis), once found throughout the Interior Highlands of the United States, has been decimated across much of its range due to accidental introduction of chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica. Efforts have been made to conserve and restore C. ozarkensis, but success requires thorough knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species. Other Castanea species are reported to have characteristics of both wind and insect pollination, but pollination strategies of Ozark chinquapin are unknown. -
An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Cross-Sensitivity to Tree Nut and Seed Allergens," Aliso: a Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 33 | Issue 2 Article 3 2015 An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Cross- sensitivity to Tree Nut and Seed Allergens Amanda E. Fisher Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California, [email protected] Annalise M. Nawrocki Pomona College, Claremont, California, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Fisher, Amanda E. and Nawrocki, Annalise M. (2015) "An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Cross-sensitivity to Tree Nut and Seed Allergens," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 33: Iss. 2, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol33/iss2/3 Aliso, 33(2), pp. 91–110 ISSN 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN CROSS-SENSITIVITY TO TREE NUT AND SEED ALLERGENS AMANDA E. FISHER1-3 AND ANNALISE M. NAWROCKI2 1Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Claremont Graduate University, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 (Current affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840); 2Pomona College, 333 North College Way, Claremont, California 91711 (Current affiliation: Amgen Inc., [email protected]) 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Tree nut allergies are some of the most common and serious allergies in the United States. Patients who are sensitive to nuts or to seeds commonly called nuts are advised to avoid consuming a variety of different species, even though these may be distantly related in terms of their evolutionary history. -
Avoiding Peanut, Tree Nuts, Egg, Corn, and Wheat Ingredients Common Food Allergens May Be Listed Many Different Ways on Food Labels and Can Be Hidden in Common Foods
Food Allergen Graph: Avoiding Peanut, Tree Nuts, Egg, Corn, and Wheat Ingredients Common food allergens may be listed many different ways on food labels and can be hidden in common foods. Below you will find different labels for common allergens. Avoiding Peanuts: Avoiding Tree Nuts: Avoiding Egg: Avoiding Corn: Avoiding Wheat: Artificial nuts Almond Albumin / albumen Corn - meal, flakes, Bread Crumbs Beer nuts Artificial nuts Egg (dried, powdered, syrup, solids, flour, Bulgur Cold pressed, expeller Brazil nut solids, white, yolk) niblets, kernel, Cereal extract Flour: pressed or extruded peanut Beechnut Eggnog alcohol, on the cob, Club Wheat all-purpose Butternut oil Globulin / Ovoglobulin starch, bread,muffins Conscous bread Goobers Cashew Fat subtitutes sugar/sweetener, oil, Cracker meal cake Durum Ground nuts Chestnut Livetin Caramel corn / flavoring durum Einkorn Mandelonas (peanuts soaked Chinquapin nut Lysozyme Citric acid (may be corn enriched Emmer in almond flavoring) Coconut (really is a fruit not a based) graham Mayonnaise Farina Mixed nuts tree nut, but classified as a Grits high gluten Meringue (meringue Hydrolyzed Monkey nuts nut on some charts) high protein powder) Hominy wheat protein Nut meat Filbert / hazelnut instant Ovalbumin Maize Kamut Gianduja -a chocolate-nut mix pastry Nut pieces Ovomucin / Ovomucoid / Malto / Dextrose / Dextrate Matzoh Peanut butter Ginkgo nut Modified cornstarch self-rising Ovotransferrin Matzoh meal steel ground Peanut flour Hickory nut Polenta Simplesse Pasta stone ground Peanut protein hydrolysate -
Juglandaceae (Walnuts)
A start for archaeological Nutters: some edible nuts for archaeologists. By Dorian Q Fuller 24.10.2007 Institute of Archaeology, University College London A “nut” is an edible hard seed, which occurs as a single seed contained in a tough or fibrous pericarp or endocarp. But there are numerous kinds of “nuts” to do not behave according to this anatomical definition (see “nut-alikes” below). Only some major categories of nuts will be treated here, by taxonomic family, selected due to there ethnographic importance or archaeological visibility. Species lists below are not comprehensive but representative of the continental distribution of useful taxa. Nuts are seasonally abundant (autumn/post-monsoon) and readily storable. Some good starting points: E. A. Menninger (1977) Edible Nuts of the World. Horticultural Books, Stuart, Fl.; F. Reosengarten, Jr. (1984) The Book of Edible Nuts. Walker New York) Trapaceae (water chestnuts) Note on terminological confusion with “Chinese waterchestnuts” which are actually sedge rhizome tubers (Eleocharis dulcis) Trapa natans European water chestnut Trapa bispinosa East Asia, Neolithic China (Hemudu) Trapa bicornis Southeast Asia and South Asia Trapa japonica Japan, jomon sites Anacardiaceae Includes Piastchios, also mangos (South & Southeast Asia), cashews (South America), and numerous poisonous tropical nuts. Pistacia vera true pistachio of commerce Pistacia atlantica Euphorbiaceae This family includes castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), rubber (Hevea), cassava (Manihot esculenta), the emblic myrobalan fruit (of India & SE Asia), Phyllanthus emblica, and at least important nut groups: Aleurites spp. Candlenuts, food and candlenut oil (SE Asia, Pacific) Archaeological record: Late Pleistocene Timor, Early Holocene reports from New Guinea, New Ireland, Bismarcks; Spirit Cave, Thailand (Early Holocene) (Yen 1979; Latinis 2000) Rincinodendron rautanenii the mongongo nut, a Dobe !Kung staple (S. -
Using Hierarchical Spatial Models to Assess the Occurrence of an Island Endemism: the Case of Salamandra Corsica Daniel Escoriza1* and Axel Hernandez2
Escoriza and Hernandez Ecological Processes (2019) 8:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0169-5 RESEARCH Open Access Using hierarchical spatial models to assess the occurrence of an island endemism: the case of Salamandra corsica Daniel Escoriza1* and Axel Hernandez2 Abstract Background: Island species are vulnerable to rapid extinction, so it is important to develop accurate methods to determine their occurrence and habitat preferences. In this study, we assessed two methods for modeling the occurrence of the Corsican endemic Salamandra corsica, based on macro-ecological and fine habitat descriptors. We expected that models based on habitat descriptors would better estimate S. corsica occurrence, because its distribution could be influenced by micro-environmental gradients. The occurrence of S. corsica was modeled according to two ensembles of variables using random forests. Results: Salamandra corsica was mainly found in forested habitats, with a complex vertical structure. These habitats are associated with more stable environmental conditions. The model based on fine habitat descriptors was better able to predict occurrence, and gave no false negatives. The model based on macro-ecological variables underestimated the occurrence of the species on its ecological boundary, which is important as such locations may facilitate interpopulation connectivity. Conclusions: Implementing fine spatial resolution models requires greater investment of resources, but this is advisable for study of microendemic species, where it is important to reduce type II error (false negatives). Keywords: Amphibian, Corsica, Mediterranean islands, Microhabitat, Salamander Introduction reason, studies evaluating the niche of ectothermic verte- Macro-ecological models are popular for evaluating eco- brates associated with forests should include parameters logical and evolutionary hypotheses for vertebrates.