DOCSLIB.ORG

Louis Robert and His Paper Machine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Louis Robert and His Paper Machine A LOUIS ROBERT AND HIS PAPER MACHINE Another in a coniinuing series of articles on the gen­ eral history of papermakinR by J. Marshall Buehler · Papermaking was born in China in 105 A.D., but it was purchased the Robert patent, employing Bryan Donkin to reborn again in 1799 in France with the invention of the improve the paper machine. The Fourdrinier brothers, paper machine. No other single invention was of greater who were wealthy paper merchants, finally went into importance to the paper industry than the invention of the bankruptcy trying to improve and sell paper machines. One endless papermaking machine of Louis Robert. thing they did profit by was the naming of the paper In previous issues of NEKOOSA NEWS we have briefly machine in honor of them. Thus, Robert paper machine has told of the early European paper industry which was ex­ come to be known as the Fourdrinier paper machine since clusively a handmade operation, and an industry that was that time. struggling to keep pace in producing a supply of paper to Handmade paper of England in 1806 sold for 16 shill~ meet the ever-increasing demand for that product. Ob­ ings per 100 pounds. H owever, with the invention of paper viously, the price of a piece of this handmade paper pro­ machines, the price was brought down to 3 shillings per hibited widespread usage of paper. What the industry and I 00 pounds. The Fourdrinier brothers offered their ma­ the world needed was a fast, mechanical, continuous, and chines to the industry for 715 pounds of sterling, about economical way of making sheets of paper. $2,000 in today's currency. The Czar of Russia, having heard of the marvelous machine during a visit to England, Louis Robert, an employee in the French papermaking purchased three papermaking machines to be delivered establishment of Francois Didot, conceived such an idea and set up in Russia. The Fourdrinier brothers delivered for making paper on an endless, moving wire screen. the machines, but the Czar failed to pay for them. Even Robert received 8,000 francs and a 15-year patent right a personal face-to-face visit between the Czar and Henry from the French government for his invention. In true Fourdrinier failed to get the remuneration due the Four­ loyalty to his employer, Robert turned to Didot for finan­ drinier brothers, and the machines were never paid for. cial assistance in further developing the paper machine. Didot, in return, shared in the patent rights of Robert. The paper machine developed by Robert, Didot, Donkin, Didot now hired outside help in the name of John Gamble. and Fourdrinier was a wet end only and did not include But the endless paper machine was still far from perfected. facilities for drying the paper. The wet sheets of paper were taken from the press rolls and air dried in a loft. Robert and Didot finally achieved the production of two Thus, to this day, we still refer to the wet end of the sheets of paper that were 30 feet in length, a historical paper machine as the Fourdrinier section as distinguished event which spelled out the doom of the handmade paper from the dryer section. industry. Robert's loyalty to his employer, Didot, changed With the widespread use of the paper machine, the rag and both men set out to perfect and sell paper machines industry was unable to keep pace with the demand for independently. The competition between the men grew in pulp. To satisfy the appetites of these new machines, new intensity and finally resulted in a court suit which Robert sources of papermaking fiber were developed, and this won, thereby repossessing his patent rights to the paper story will be presented next in this series. machine. Lacking necessary funds at this point, he turned Space prohibits detailed histories from being presented to England for assistance. in this magazine. However, should you desire further in­ Two English brothers, Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier, formation on any historical phase of papermaking, feel who were watching these developments in France, finally free to consult the Nekoosa archives or library. 10 APRIL NEKOOSA NEWS .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Lodgepole Pine for Pulp and Papermaking
    Operational extractives management from- mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2007-15 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 (250) 363-0600 • cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/regions/pfc Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Canadian Forest Service canadien Service des forêts Operational extractives management from mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative W orking Paper 2007œ15 Paprican 3800 W esbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C. V6S 2L9 Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative PO # 8.43 Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre 506 W est Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Canada 2007 ≤ Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2007 Printed in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Allen, Larry Operational extractives m anagem ent from m ountain pine beetle-attached lodgepole pine from pulp and paperm aking / Larry Allen and Vic Uloth. (Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative working paper 2007-15) "Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative, Canadian Forest Service". "MPBI Project # 8.43". "Paprican". Includes bibliographical references: p. Includes abstract in French. ISBN 978-0-662-46480-8 Cat. no.: Fo143-3/2007-15E 1. Pulping--British Colum bia--Quality control. 2. Pulping--Alberta--Quality control. 3. Paper m ills-- Econom ic aspects--British Colum bia. 4. Pulp m ills--Econom ic aspects--Alberta. 5. Lodgepole pine--Diseases and pests–Econom ic aspects. 6. Mountain pine beetle--Econom ic aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrugated Board Structure: a Review M.C
    ISSN: 2395-3594 IJAET International Journal of Application of Engineering and Technology Vol-2 No.-3 Corrugated Board Structure: A Review M.C. Kaushal1, V.K.Sirohiya2 and R.K.Rathore3 1 2 Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering Department, Gwalior Institute of Information Technology,Gwalior, Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering 3 Departments, Gwalior Engineering College, Gwalior, M. Tech students Maharanapratap College of Technology, Gwalior, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Corrugated board is widely used in the packing industry. The main advantages are lightness, recyclability and low cost. This makes the material the best choice to produce containers devoted to the shipping of goods. Furthermore examples of structure design based on corrugated boards can be found in different fields. Structural analysis of paperboard components is a crucial topic in the design of containers. It is required to investigate their strength properties because they have to protect the goods contained from lateral crushing and compression loads due to stacking. However in this paper complete and detailed information are presented. Keywords: - corrugated boards, recyclability, compression loads. Smaller flutes offer printability advantages as well as I. INTRODUCTION structural advantages for retail packaging. Corrugated board is essentially a paper sandwich consisting of corrugated medium layered between inside II. HISTORY and outside linerboard. On the production side, corrugated In 1856 the first known corrugated material was patented is a sub-category of the paperboard industry, which is a for sweatband lining in top hats. During the following four sub-category of the paper industry, which is a sub-category decades other forms of corrugated material were used as of the forest products industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Machine System Diagram
    TMEIC Corporation Paper Machine System Diagram Paper Machine One-Line Press Section Head Box Forming Section Calender Dryer Size Reel Sections Press Driven roll Mechanical Components of Paper Associated Drive Control Concepts Regenerative Machine Drives Head Box / Fan Pump Fan pump drive control is typical for No The Paper stock at this point in the process is industrial pump loads. Variable 99% water and 1% fiber. The Fan Pump torque is required, increased speed forces the Paper stock through a set of means increased flow. nozzles in the head box onto the “wire” mesh. The fan pump speed is a major factor in the basis weight (caliper) and formation of the sheet of paper. Forming Section Forming section drives have a high No A typical flat former is a continuous rotating friction load due to the suction wire (today this is plastic) mesh that removes (normal forces) of the water through water from the paper by sucking it out of the wire mesh. This results in a high suspension. Multi-layer paper machines and normal running load, but a low paper board machines include additional acceleration load. forming sections (one forming section for each layer of paper). Press Section Press section drives also have a high No Rolls are nipped (pressed) together to load due to the strong forces in the nip squeeze the water out of the sheet of paper. between the rolls deforming the felts Multiple rolls are used with a felt (blanket) and roll. This results in a high normal supporting the sheet and accepting the water running load, but a low acceleration from the sheet.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Paper from Trees
    Making Paper from Trees Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture FS-2 MAKING PAPER FROM TREES Paper has been a key factor in the progress of civilization, especially during the past 100 years. Paper is indispensable in our daily life for many purposes. It conveys a fantastic variety and volume of messages and information of all kinds via its use in printing and writing-personal and business letters, newspapers, pamphlets, posters, magazines, mail order catalogs, telephone directories, comic books, school books, novels, etc. It is difficult to imagine the modern world without paper. Paper is used to wrap packages. It is also used to make containers for shipping goods ranging from food and drugs to clothing and machinery. We use it as wrappers or containers for milk, ice cream, bread, butter, meat, fruits, cereals, vegetables, potato chips, and candy; to carry our food and department store purchases home in; for paper towels, cellophane, paper handkerchiefs and sanitary tissues; for our notebooks, coloring books, blotting paper, memo pads, holiday greeting and other “special occasion’’ cards, playing cards, library index cards; for the toy hats, crepe paper decorations, paper napkins, paper cups, plates, spoons, and forks for our parties. Paper is used in building our homes and schools-in the form of roofing paper, and as paperboard- heavy, compressed product made from wood pulp-which is used for walls and partitions, and in such products as furniture. Paper is also used in linerboard, “cardboard,” and similar containers. Wood pulp is the principal fibrous raw material from which paper is made, and over half of the wood cut in this country winds up in some form of paper products.
    [Show full text]
  • Make Your Own Paper Students Investigate the Papermaking Process by Trying It Themselves
    Make Your Own Paper Students investigate the papermaking process by trying it themselves. Students are Activity thrilled to find that they can make paper and that their product is practical, as well as beautiful. See the PLT website, www.plt.org, to watch a video of the paper-making 51 process used in this activity. Levels OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OPPORTUNITIES Grades 1-8 Subjects n Students will describe the steps of the paper- n Ask younger students to write the directions Science, Social Studies, making process and identify the elements and for making paper on the piece of recycled paper Language Arts, Visual Arts outputs of the process. that they made. n Concepts Have students use concept mapping, graphics software, or write a script for a n By reducing waste and recy- video that explains the papermaking process. cling materials, individuals and societies can extend the value and utility of resources and can promote environ- mental quality. (2.7) The process begins when trees, grown BACKGROUND Skills especially for papermaking, are harvested Observing, Organizing and transported to a paper mill. At the Information, Comparing and Paper is a simple material. It is essentially mill, large machines strip away bark and Contrasting a mat held together by a fiber’s rough- shred the logs into millions of chips the ness, and can be made from almost any size of breakfast cereal. The wood chips fibrous material such as cotton, hemp, travel on conveyors to gigantic “pulp Higher Order Thinking, Paired/ flax, wood or recycled paper. And yet, this Cooperative Learning, Realia/ cookers,” where chemicals and steam are Hands-on Learning simple product has a tremendous effect added.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulp & Paper News
    Pulp & Paper 21 Perspectives in Liquid Process Analytics News INGOLD Leading Process Analytics Streamline Your Processes with the New iSense Software Intelligent Sensor Management (ISM®) technology is helping pulp and paper mills the world over to increase process reliability, reduce sensor lifecycle costs, and simplify sensor handling. With the new iSense software for ISM sensors, realizing the benefits of digital sensor technology is easier than ever. Significant benefits lytical equipment the more efficient will Analytical measurements are going digi- be your processes. tal. The advantages offered by the latest, cutting-edge in-line sensors and transmit- iSense, the accompanying software for ters, such as greater process quality and ISM, streamlines all your sensor activities. yield, reduced sensor maintenance, and It provides highly valuable features such simplified sensor handling, are hard to as sensor calibration away from the pro- ignore. cess, electronic documentation, instant evaluation of a sensorʼs “health”, and ISM, METTLER TOLEDOʼs digital sensor predictive information on when mainte- technology, has transformed the way ana- nance will be required. The latest version lytical sensors are handled and main- of iSense enables seamless management tained from first installation to end of life. of ISM sensors and delivers exceptional ISM offers a level of performance and usability. convenience that is not available with other systems. It is easier with iSense Spending hours learning new software is Convenience is the key a costly use of operator time, so we have Whether in production or in the lab, the made iSense extremely intuitive to greater the convenience provided by ana- operate. For a new sensor, just connect the Blue- tooth® communicator supplied with the software.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper History
    Volume 14, Year 2010, Issue 1 PAPER HISTORY Journal of the International Association of Paper Historians Zeitschrift der Internationalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Papierhistoriker Revue de l’Association Internationale des Historiens du Papier ISSN 0250-8338 www.paperhistory.org PAPER HISTORY, Volume 14, Year 2010, Issue 1 International Association of Paper Historians Contents / Inhalt / Contenu Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Papierhistoriker Letter from the President May 2010 3 Lettre de la présidente de l’IPH – may 2010 3 Association Internationale des Historiens du Papier Brief der IPH-Präsidentin, Mai 2010 4 Important plan for the reco-very of several papermills on the Amalfi Coast 5 Pulp and Paper on Stamps 8 Le congrès à Angoulême 16 IPH Assemblée générale, Angoulême (France), 9 octobre, 2010 17 Information from delegates 20 General information 23 Orbituaries 24 Guidelines for authors 26 Editor Anna-Grethe Rischel Complete your paper historical library now! Denmark Ergänzen Sie jetzt Ihre papierhistorische Co-editors IPH-Delegates Bibliothek! Maria Del Carmen Hidalgo Brinquis Completez aujourd’hui votre bibliothèque de Spain l’Histoire du papier! 27 Dr. Claire Bustarret France Prof. Dr. Alan Crocker United Kingdom Dr. Józef Dąbrowski Poland Jos De Gelas Belgium Deadline for contributions each year 15. March and 15. September Elaine Koretsky USA Paola Munafò Italy President Anna-Grethe Rischel Dr. Henk J. Porck Präsident Stenhøjgaardsvej 57 The Netherlands President DK - 3460 Birkerød Prof. Dr. Gottfried Schweizer Denmark Austria tel + 45 45 816803 [email protected] Prof. Dr. Tomas Stohr Venezuela Secretary Dr. Sabine Schachtner Göran Wohlfahrt Sekretariat LVR-Industriemuseum Sweden Secrétaire Papiermühle Alte Dombach Lay-out Karen Borchersen D- 51465 Bergisch Gladbach The School of Conservation Germany Esplanaden 34 tel + 49 2202 936880 DK – 1263 Copenhagen K [email protected] Denmark [email protected] Treasurer Alphonse Radermecker Printer Prinfo Paritas Printcenter Kassier Hochstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Print Paper During the 19Th Century
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Charleston Library Conference Changes in Print Paper During the 19th Century AJ Valente Paper Antiquities, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/charleston An indexed, print copy of the Proceedings is also available for purchase at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston. You may also be interested in the new series, Charleston Insights in Library, Archival, and Information Sciences. Find out more at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston-insights-library-archival- and-information-sciences. AJ Valente, "Changes in Print Paper During the 19th Century" (2010). Proceedings of the Charleston Library Conference. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314836 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. CHANGES IN PRINT PAPER DURING THE 19TH CENTURY AJ Valente, ([email protected]), President, Paper Antiquities When the first paper mill in America, the Rittenhouse Mill, was built, Western European nations and city-states had been making paper from linen rags for nearly five hundred years. In a poem written about the Rittenhouse Mill in 1696 by John Holme it is said, “Kind friend, when they old shift is rent, Let it to the paper mill be sent.” Today we look back and can’t remember a time when paper wasn’t made from wood-pulp. Seems that somewhere along the way everything changed, and in that respect the 19th Century holds a unique place in history. The basic kinds of paper made during the 1800s were rag, straw, manila, and wood pulp.
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Oil Soap Recovery TAPPI Kraft Recovery Short Course
    Tall Oil Soap Recovery TAPPI Kraft Recovery Short Course C.D. Foran, Arizona Chemical Co., Savannah GA Slide 1 Tall oil soap is a mixture of the sodium salts of rosin acids, fatty acids and neutrals that separates from kraft black liquor. Composition of Crude Tall Oil Northern New Southern USA & Zealand & USA Canada Scandinavia Chile Acid Number 165 135 132 158 Resin Acids % 41 30 23 43 Fatty Acids % 51 55 57 40 Neutrals % 8 15 20 14 1 Slide 2 How Much Tall Oil Can Be Recovered ? Soap Recovery Tall Oil Tall Oil 52 26 51 25.5 kg/1000 kg lb/ ODT Region 50 25 OD Wood Wood 49 24.5 Piedmont 24 48 48 24 47 23.5 kg CTO/ODt Pine Wood Pine CTO/ODt kg Coastal 26 52 Lb. CTO/ODT Pine Wood46 23 45 22.5 Canada 11.5 23 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Southwestern 31.5 63 Impact of Storage Time on West of 7.5 15 Tall Oil Loss 100% Cascades 80% 60% NZ & Chile 12 24 40% Tall Oil Loss Tall Finland 18.5 37 20% 0% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Sweden 25 50 Storage Time (weeks) Outside Chips Roundwood Chips Slide 3 Why Should Tall Oil Soap Be Recovered ? •To improve pulp and paper mill operations •To reduce the toxicity of pulp mill effluents, •To reduce accidents due to slips and falls. •To increase mill revenue 2 Slide 4 Tall Oil Soap Should Be Recovered To Improve Pulp and Paper Mill Operations : Impact of Improved Soap Removal on Evaporator Overall Heat Transfer 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Technology Journal
    Paper Technology Journal News from the Divisions: CompactPulper – the new generation of Voith broke pulpers. The success story of Shandong Huatai Paper and Voith Paper keeps on rolling. Adolf Jass, Germany – complete production line for packaging papers. PrintFlex P – development of a new press fabric concept. Paper Culture: 17 Japanese Paper Blossoms Anew. Contents EDITORIAL Title page: Foreword 1 Traditional production Mixed Tropical Hardwood – of Japanese Paper. a minor and declining source of fibre for paper 2 NEWS FROM THE DIVISIONS Fiber Systems: CompactPulper – the new generation of Voith broke pulpers 7 Fiber Systems: Rejects and residue disposal from recycled fiber plants – Europe as the pioneer in rejects handling systems 10 Paper Machines: The success story of Shandong Huatai Paper and Voith Paper keeps on rolling 15 Finishing: China’s first Twister – automated paper roll wrapping par excellence 20 Trade fair and more... Voith Paper demonstrates its technological competence and close relationship with customers 23 Paper Machines: Kimberly PM 96 – position for lang-term competitiveness 26 Paper Machines: NipcoFlex and TissueFlex – Shoe press technology for the dewatering of all paper grades 28 Paper Machines: Hengfeng PM 12 – new quality benchmark for cigarette paper 32 Paper Machines: Adolf Jass Paper Mill, Schwarza, Germany – another complete production line for packaging papers 36 Paper Machines: Zülpich PM 6 – still one of the most productive paper machines for Testliner and Corrugating Medium 39 Finishing: Excellent threading
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling Evaluation of Newly Developed Environmentally Benign Pressure Sensitive Adhesive for Postage Applications
    Recycling Evaluation of Newly Developed Environmentally Benign Pressure Sensitive Adhesive for Postage Applications Said Abubakr USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory Madison, Wisconsin, USA Joe Peng United States Postal Service Washington, DC, USA Abstract The main objective of the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) program for environmentally benign pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is to develop postage stamp adhesives that do not adversely affect the environment. The goal is to develop PSA stamp products that can be successfully recycled into fine paper products in a typical recycling facility. This paper describes the development of the final specification and approved product list for PSA stamp production. Environmentally benign PSAs are a form of adhesive that places no significant additional burden on plants that are using recycled fiber. As a result of an initiative by the USPS, a team has been working cooperatively to help solve the problem of PSAs not being recyclable in recovered paper. The team consists of the USPS; the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL); Springborn Testing and Research (STR); and industry representatives. Industry members include papermakers, paper recyclers, paper collectors, equipment manufacturers, and adhesive and chemical suppliers. The team’s goal is to work with industry to develop environmentally benign PSAs for postal applications that will fulfill both USPS specifications and be compatible with the USPS environmental strategic plan and will place no additional burdens on plants that use recycled fiber. In 1995, the USPS sponsored a conference to which the adhesive industry was invited to participate in the USPS Environmentally Benign Pressure Sensitive Adhesives for Postage Stamp Applications Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Resin Profile in a Bleached Kraft Pulp Process
    Resin Profile in a Bleached Kraft Pulp Process Jennie Berglund May 2012 Degree Project in Polymeric Materials, First Level Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Abstract The aim with this project was to investigate how the amount and composition of resins varied during the process producing bleached birch pulp at the mill SCA Packaging Munksund. A literature study about how the resin removal can be improved has also been included. Problems with resins in the process are common at pulp and paper mills, especially when birch is used as a raw material. The resin can cause deposits on the equipment leading to process stops, but also lowered mechanical properties and spots on the paper products. The addition of tall oil to the digester is one way of improving the removal of resins, seasoning of wood, and a good debarking are other ones. Also the different washing and bleaching steps can affect the amount of resin remaining in the pulp. In this study pulp samples from eight different positions in the process were analyzed. To extract the samples a Soxtec device was used. Results showed that the most effective resin removal happened during the washing in their first washing step after the digester, a DD-washer. Here 77 % of the resin was removed, of totally 88 % during the whole process. Another step which was effective was the final washing step, the PO-press. About 36 % of the remaining resins in the pulp which entered the PO-press were washed out here. The extracts were analyzed with GC-FID and GC-MS to identify and quantify the substances, and determine how the composition varied over the manufacturing process.
    [Show full text]