US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Vol. XLI, No.1

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• AMERICA’S INFLUENCE ON SUN YAT-SEN • SUN YAT-SEN’S ECONOMIC POLICIES • INNER MONGOLIAN GHOST TOWN • TEACHING TEACHERS IN RURAL CHINA • ANHUI: RETURNING HOME • RURAL CO-OPS: AN UPDATE • UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S 5-YEAR PLANS Letter from the President

US-China Peoples Friendship Association Office of the National President ® 105 Treva Road, Sandston, VA 23150 804-310-6388 mobile - [email protected] [email protected] 2017 is Year of the Rooster

Dear Friends of China,

Greetings to each of you!

I must write to you about an issue that is near and dear to my heart, and should be at the top of the agenda for every chapter in the new year 2017. Our membership numbers need a big boost! Send out several communications about USCPFA in 2017 and make your chapter more visible. I suggest that your chapter have a USCPFA party with delicious Chinese food, share Chinese cultural activities and have a great topic for discussion to which you invite your friends, college students and persons from all walks of life. Most people don’t even realize how fascinating learning about China can be! You are the visionary in getting the word out that learning about China is really fun, and actually, important to every American. Find a topic about China to pique their curiosity. Look at previous articles in the USCRs to give you ideas for discussions and activities. Every chapter is unique and has its own strengths. If you can involve young people, you and they will be inspired to learn what the Chinese people have done in the past, what they currently face and how they are planning for the future. Continuing our friendship and developing a better understanding between our two peoples remain the goals for USCPFA. Please—every chapter president and board—look at your own chapter numbers and work diligently to renew as many expired memberships as possible and set a goal of bringing in at least 10 new members in the first half of 2017. This is so important! I will send out to all members the 2015 USCPFA Annual Report and the 2016 USCPFA Annual Appeal very soon. Your contribution counts, no matter how small, and every contribution is appreciated! Thank you for all you do to support USCPFA as it continues its vital work. US-China relations really matter in a world that yearns for stability and peace. In this issue of the US-China Review, Leigh-Wai Doo, former USCPFA national board member and founder of the Sun Yat-sen Hawaii Foundation, has authored an article about the history and philosophy of that revolutionary. In the year 2016, the 150th anniversary of the birthday of Sun Yat-sen was celebrated in China and in the United States. China has brought this historic figure into the limelight and into the everyday mainstream discourse of the Chinese people. It would make for an interesting discussion during one of your chapter meetings to focus on Sun Yat-sen and his great contributions to China and the United States. Barbara Cobb, current board member, wrote an informative and insightful article published in the 2001 Fall issue of USCR. She quoted the South China Morning Post (October 13, 2001) in referring to Sun Yat-sen as the “great precursor of the revolution.” I will send this article out to you in an email. I send to you best wishes for a bright and prosperous New Year! January 28, 2017 brings in the Chinese New Year of the Rooster.

Cheers!

Diana Greer President of USCPFA US-CHINA REVIEW ® Winter 2017 • Vol. XLI, No.1

US-CHINA PEOPLES Contents FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION A California Non-profit Corporation Features The US-China Peoples Sun Yat-Sen, at Home in America Leigh Wai-Doo 4 Friendship Association is a nonprofit, educational Sun Yat-Sen and His Economic Policies for China Paul B. Trescott 7 organization whose purpose is Sun Yat-Sen’s Granddaughters Send Greetings 12 to build friendship between Inner Mongolia: Ghost Town and Prosperity Mike Revzin 13 the peoples of China and the United States. Zigen Fund Helps Teach Teachers in Rural China Judy Manton 15 Returning to My Childhood Home in Anhui Douglas R. Reynolds 16 Dream of the Red Chamber an Impressive Opera Winny Lin 17 USCPFA Board of Directors Rural Cooperatives Battle “Poverty of Opportunity” John Marienthal 18 PRESIDENT A Pair of Shoe Laces John Israel 20 Diana Greer An Introduction to China’s 5-Year Plans Jason Inch 21 INTERIM TREASURER Woon Chow NATIONAL BOARD Departments Christine Brooks (East) Kirk Huang (East) Transitions: Phyllis Read 23 Barbara Harrison (Midwest) Book Reviews: Kitty Trescott (Midwest) One Child by Mei Fong Reviewed by Mike Revzin 23 Bob Edwards (South) Barbara Cobb (South) The Hundred Year Marathon by Michael Pillsbury Reviewed by Dan Southerland 24 Frances Goo (West) Friendship Work 26 Paul Morris (West) Chu Lan Shubert-Kwock (Hawai’i Subregion)

US-China Review EDITOR Mike Revzin About the cover: Sun Yat-sen with his extended family in Hawaii. PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Marci Duryea The material appearing in the US-China Review does not represent a consensus, nor SUBSCRIPTIONS does it reflect the views or policy of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association or its Marge Ketter National Board. The Review does not accept responsibility for the opinions expressed by the authors of articles, but it does accept responsibility for giving them a forum for ex- pression and consideration. It does its best to present a variety of subjects and opinions. The US-China Review is published by the USCPFA four times a year. US annual subscrip- tion rates are $38 for individuals and $38 for institutions; overseas $49. A charge may be assessed for replacement copies or special requests; contact Subscriptions for details. USCPFA General information about members’ subscriptions are included in annual dues. Address changes should be sent to: USCPFA is available online at USCPFA, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458; email [email protected]. http://www.uscpfa.org Contributions of articles and information from USCPFA members and other readers are welcome and may be submitted to [email protected]. General correspondence or The name and logo of the US-China Peoples questions should be directed to USCR, 3S244 Cypress Drive, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, email: Friendship Association are registered ® [email protected]. in the US Patent and Trademark Office. ISSN 0164-3886 All rights reserved. © 2016 by the US-China Peoples Friendship Association

USCPFA NATIONAL PRESIDENT REGIONAL OFFICES (See page 31 for complete list) 105 Treva Road Eastern Region Midwest Region Sandston, VA 23150 200 Van Rensselaer Blvd. 8718 Metcalf #202 804-737-2704 Menands, NY 12204 Overland Park, KS 66212 [email protected] 518-449-8817 913-341-5996

USCR SUBSCRIPTIONS Southern Region Western Region 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street 12 North Lynncrest Drive c/o Guardian Escrow Svcs. Jupiter, FL 33458 Chattanooga, TN 37411 2347 S. Beretania St. #200 Phone 561-747-9487 423-698-7339 Honolulu, HI 96826 Fax 561-745-6189 808-951-6991 [email protected] Sun’s English ability and Sun Yat-sen, The 150th anniversary of exposure to Western culture later the birth of Sun Yat-sen was allowed him to speak confidently at Home in November 12, 2016. The Fall around the world as he appealed for and Winter issues of USCR funds and support from Americans include articles about him. In and Europeans, bankers and America this issue, we look at his ties governments to create a new China. By Leigh-Wai Doo to the United States, and his Sun also spoke several Chinese economic policies. dialects, allowing him to appeal as Sun Yat-sen, who led the brethren directly to Overseas Chinese founding of the Republic of China, around the world. had strong ties to the United States, brother and wife and his cousin, Christianity was part of and his philosophy of government an adopted brother, who was half Sun’s Hawaii schooling, and he later was influenced by the years he lived Hawaiian and half Chinese. His son, became a Christian. This facilitated in America. Sun Fo, was educated at Saint Louis Sun’s connections with Americans In 1949, Mao Zedong pro- School in Honolulu. and Europeans, as well as with claimed the People’s Republic of Overseas Chinese, many of whom China, adding one word— “People’s— Boarded with Hawaii’s Elite From ages 13 to 17 Sun Yat- were recent converts. to the name of the government that sen was educated in, and boarded Sun’s Hawaii ties included Sun helped start. Until recent years, at prominent Honolulu Christian- family, friends, land, funds and the PRC considered him a failed founded schools: Iolani and Punahou. values—and Hawaii was his safe revolutionary, but it now recognizes Sun’s exposure to Western haven as a revolutionary seeking to the crucial role he played in China. education influenced his concept overthrow the Qing Dynasty. The United States was the of government. The Hawaii schools first country to formally recognize Support and Funds were known not just for their rigorous the Republic of China. Americans— Support and funds came academic programs, but also for including Hawaiians, Overseas from Sun’s brethren who had also developing the moral and civil Chinese and Caucasians—played an emigrated to Hawaii from the character. essential role in Sun’s career. America, Zhongshan area. It was with this Sun studied and lived with specifically Hawaii, was a second group of Chinese in Hawaii that boys from families that were Western- home for Sun. he formed the first revolutionary educated—generally wealthy party of China, in 1894, the Hsing Sun Yat-sen’s Birth Caucasians and Hawaiians. He was Chung Hui. The percentage of Sun Yat-sen was born in among the first Chinese students Hawaii membership in this and Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, at those schools and had to learn China. Upon the U.S. enactment excellent English. In contrast, most of the Chinese Exclusion Act of Leigh-Wai Doo (lower right) before a 2011 first-generation immigrant Chinese ceremony at the Great Hall of the People in 1882, and harsher reauthorizations, in Hawaii and America at the turn of Beijing, in which Sun Yat-sen was honored. which today are unconstitutional, the 19th century had a rough time Photo by Gregory Lin, great grandson of Sun Sun applied for and was granted a communicating in proper English. Yat-sen. birth certificate falsely stating that he was born in Hawaii; that allowed Sun to travel throughout the United States to raise support and funds for democracy in China. All persons born in Hawaii became American citizens upon the United States annexing Hawaii in 1898 as a territory. Sun Yat-sen was a documented American until he rectified the fact that he was truly Chinese, born in China. The Sun family immigrated to Hawaii from China. Sun Yat- sen’s elder brother, Sun Mei, came in 1871 and became a prominent entrepreneur and rancher on Maui, with 5,000 acres. He was a naturalized citizen of the Kingdom of Hawaii. After 1898, he was an American citizen. Sun Yat-sen’s immediate family lived, after 1895, in Hawaii— his mother, his wife and son, his 4 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 controlled by regional warlords. Sun because you are the pioneers of spent seven years as a military leader Western civilization in Japan, because seeking to unify China. He was an you are a Christian nation; because we early advocate of military aviation, intend to model our new government and coined the phrase, “Save China after yours; above all because you through Aviation.” are the champion of liberty and Overseas Chinese, particularly democracy. We hope we may find from Hawaii and California, many Lafayettes among you!” responded to the call. Sun Yat-sen In 1908, American military proclaimed Hawaii-born American trainer Homer Lea conceived The Sen Yet Young the father of the Long Beach Plan with Sun. They revolutionary Chinese Air Force and were introduced by Rong Hong, from of Chinese aviation. Sen Yet Young, Zhongshan, who graduated from Yale who was my maternal grandfather, in 1854. The goal of the Long Beach President Xi Jinping praises Sun Yat-sen at recruited volunteer pilots and, in plan, earlier called the Red Dragon a ceremony broadcast on TV. 1923, manufactured the first airplane Plan, was to raise $10 million in loans made in China. The air force headed from U.S. banks. While the loans later organizations was always high. by Sen Yet Young was an inspiration were not approved, the connections Sun supporters worldwide eventually to the Chinese and an important provided valuable support for the numbered in the tens of thousands. factor in Sun Yat-sen’s early military revolution. Lea employed retired In the beginning, they acted victories. U.S. military personnel as instructors in secret because the Manchus Sun returned to Hawaii to train Overseas Chinese in U.S. governing Qing Dynasty China several times and lived a total of cities for the overthrow of the Qing executed revolutionaries. Even seven years in America, more than Dynasty. Overseas Chinese who lent support in any country except China. His from abroad were considered outlaws, American Model greatest support came from America. and their families in China could be In establishing the Republic He traveled throughout the country, persecuted. of China, Sun took the American appealing in English and Chinese for Following a failed uprising democratic system as a model, and funds, manpower, military advisers, in Guangzhou in 1895, Sun spent adapted it to the traditions and political recognition, and public 16 years in exile from China. In 11 conditions of China. support. attempts at revolution, hundreds of Sun’s Three Principles of In New York he met with a Overseas Chinese, including those the People, and his Five-Power Yale law school student named Wang from Hawaii, fought and died trying Constitution, drew principally Chung-hui and authored a pamphlet to establish democracy in China. from American concepts. The that read: “We, in order to make In exile, Sun traveled the three principles were nationalism, sure of our success… must appeal world to raise funds for a revolution democracy and the livelihood of the to the people of the United States to end more than 2,000 years of people. Chinese today say he was in particular for your sympathy and absolute rule by monarchs. The inspired by Abraham Lincoln’s “of support, either moral or material, revolution was finally successful on October 10, 1911. Sun first learned of the news in an English language A gathering newspaper while traveling on a train in honor of between Denver and Kansas City. Sun Sun Yat-sen was on a trip to appeal for support, in Nanjing. and had visited 90 U.S. communities in the continental United States in 1911. Republic Declared He returned to China on Christmas Day, 1911. The Republic of China was declared on January 1, 1912. On April 1, 1912 Sun relinquished his post as provisional president to unify China under Yuan Shikai, who controlled the largest army. But when Yuan wished to have himself declared emperor, Sun opposed him. Sun again went into exile, until Yuan’s death in 1916. However, China was still Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 5 the people, by the people, for the Victor Sun (left) the great people.” grandson of Sun Mei (the The five powers were older brother of Dr. Sun) designed to include three branches and Leland Sun (right) of government, similar to the U.S. great grandson of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Photo by Leigh- system, as well as a branch for civil Wai Doo. service careers and one that had supervisory power. Sun recognized the following his spirit, inadequacies of all systems, including were his principal America’s, yet embraced America’s supporters beyond democracy. He was also welcoming to China. the endorsement and support that the His values— newly formed Chinese Communist self-confidence, Party gave to him to unite a China security, culture, factionalized by warlords. philosophy and Sun’s legacy, to me, is faith education—were built in a united country, hope for a upon the foundation democratic government and love of his life and friends for all people without distinction. in Hawaii—his second Sun died at age 58 on March home. Hawaii and her 12, 1925. Before his death, he urged people are Americans. his supporters to “unite with anyone Sun was nurtured in the world who treats the Chinese in the aloha spirit. with equality, and strive together.” As one of his many Sun’s legacy is his sterling aliases, Sun said his spirit, and his absolute resolve and name was “Mr. Aloha love for the dignity and integrity from Hawaii.” Above of all people. His greatness was not the first gateway to just in overthrowing a dynasty, for Sun Yat-sen’s burial monument in China is Sun’s calligraphy “Bo Ai”— that had been done many times meaning universal love—the spirit of Sun Yat-sen. over thousands of years. Nor was his ______greatness in uniting China. Sun’s Leigh-Wai Doo is a co-founder of the Sun Yat-sen Hawaii Foundation and a former greatness was his resolute belief national board member of USCPFA. in democracy, for which he never gave up, despite years of failure. Americans, many of whom devoted their fortunes and their lives to A museum honoring Sun Yat-sen in Nanlong, Guangdong Province.

Sun Yat-sen at age 18.

6 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Sun Yat-sen and His Economic USCPFA Policies for China NATIONAL By Paul B. Trescott DIRECTORY

Sun Yat-sen wrote extensively the harmful pressure of a growing President on economic questions and made population on limited agricultural Diana Greer many suggestions about policies land—a position he later recanted. 105 Treva Road for China’s economy. He was fluent China should upgrade agriculture Sandston, VA 23150 in English and, although he never by establishing agricultural schools, 804-737-2704 systematically studied Western send students abroad for study, and [email protected] economics, he was much influenced bring in foreign experts, he said. by Henry George and Richard T. Ely. These were sensible ideas and some Interim Treasurer George, 1839-1897, was an American were adopted. But none were very Woon Chow economist who believed that land original to Sun. 301 29th Avenue N #343 rent funds should be used for the For a brief interlude in the Nashville, TN 37203-2279 public good. Ely, 1854-1943, was an 1890s, the Qing monarchy showed cell 804-677-2469 American economist who favored an interest in modernizing and [email protected] increased government intervention. pursuing economic development. Membership Sun spent much time in A notable achievement was the Marge Ketter Japan and was very much aware of creation of the national university 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street Japan’s aggressive modernization (now Peking University) in 1898. But Jupiter, FL 33458 and rapid economic growth. As these efforts collapsed in the chaos Phone 561-747-9487 early as 1894 he prepared a brief surrounding the Boxer Rebellion. Fax 561-745-6189 proposal for China’s economic Reform advocates such as Tan [email protected] development that he submitted Sidong were executed. Sun and other to government leaders, perhaps in reformers, such as Liang Qichao and Tours hopes of an appointment. He stressed Kang Youwei, fled the country. Position currently unoccupied. building up the school system, Around 1897 Sun discovered Contact President Diana Greer an area in which China was then Progress and Poverty, a book (originally if you have questions. woefully deficient. Technological published in 1879) by George, who improvement, transport and water was also a journalist and social Center for Teaching About China resources development all received reformer. George argued that, Kathleen Trescott attention. He noted the possibilities with private ownership of land, 1214 W Schwartz of improving internal trade by landowners received too much of Carbondale, IL 62901 reducing tax barriers and improving the benefits of economic progress. 618-203-1807 law and order to protect property Governments should tax away some [email protected] rights and personal security. He was or all of the “unearned increment” US-China Review (USCR) one of the first Chinese to point to Marci Duryea, Prod. Coordinator Sun Yat-sen’s cabinet, 1915. 3S244 Cypress Drive Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-7361 630-469-8710 [email protected] USCR Subscriptions Marge Ketter 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone 561-747-9487 Fax 561-745-6189 [email protected] Film & Audio-Visual Library Richard Pendleton 19 Hemenway Street #1 Boston, MA 02115 617-353-1211 [email protected]

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 7 Sun returned in 1912 and served briefly as provisional president of the new republic but soon relinquished authority to Yuan Shikai, who had led the Qing military but turned against the Qing during the uprisings. Yuan appointed Sun Minister of Railways, in which role Sun composed a plan for a vast network of rail lines. But there was no money to develop this plan. In preparation for national elections, Sun reorganized the Tongmenghui into a new political party, the Guomindang (GMD Nationalist Party, also known in the West as the Kuomintang or KMT). The GMD became the largest element in the new national parliament, but its operating leader, Song Jiaoren, was assassinated in early 1913. Yuan moved to assume dictatorial powers and outlawed the GMD. Sun again Sun Yat-sen and his wife, Soon Ching-ling escaped to Japan. Yuan’s death in 1916 left China’s governmental of land values, he wrote. The book system in chaos, with operational devoted a lot of attention to China, power gravitating to local warlords. Sun Yat-sen’s daughters, 1912. saluting the country’s rich culture Sun reorganized the GMD in 1920, and traditions but blaming its poverty setting it on a trajectory that would Henry George. on bad government and imperialism ultimately make it the dominant force Sun’s transport proposals rather than overpopulation. For the in China’s government—after Sun’s were supplemented by much briefer rest of his career, Sun gave much death in 1925. proposals for industry. Except for a attention to land policy, although As the First World War wound token amount of private enterprise the details of his ideas changed from down in 1918, Sun was able to in mining, all the projects were time to time. As early as 1899 he was recycle his grand plans for railway to be built and managed by advocating that “all who till should development. In 1920 he published the government. To service the receive land.” This conviction helped The International Development proposed international loans, Sun shape policy in both Taiwan and the of China, in which he urged the envisioned extensive reliance on People’s Republic of China (PRC). victorious Western powers to provide taxation of land-value increments. In exile, Sun became a capital and expertise to aid China’s He gave no attention to the vast revolutionary, working toward the development. It was a bold plea, labor requirements—especially for overthrow of the Qing monarchy. which anticipated by a generation skilled managers and engineers. Much of his writing had the tone of a the kind of programs we associate And the proposals envisioned a political platform. He adopted a vague with the World Bank. The bulk Chinese government vastly more sort of socialism, probably in response of the book dealt with plans for competent, wise, and honest than to the prevailing opinions in Japan. In railway and waterway development. the reality of 1920. 1905 he wrote “The present value of He was captivated by the image Three Principles of the People land will still belong to the owner. But of a transcontinental trunk line Sun’s political speeches and all increases in value resulting from heading west from his proposed writings in the early 1920s produced reform and social improvements shall Great Northern Port near Tianjin. another book: San Min Chu I (“Three belong to the state to be shared by all In all, his rail plan was about 77,000 Principles of the People.”) Much of people in order to create a socialist miles. This can be compared with the the book presented recommendations state . . .” estimated actual mileage of 13,670 for developing a political system In 1905 Sun organized the miles in place in 1949 and 32,300 in that would embody the kind of Tongmenghui (“Revolutionary 1985. His inland waterway proposals democracy and civil liberty he had Alliance”) to promote his anti-Qing sensibly combined concern for flood experienced in the United States campaign. He worked to recruit control and reclamation, as well as and Britain. By then he had become Chinese in Japan and America to navigation. Two of his proposed familiar with the Russian Revolution work against the monarchy. While three seaport developments were in and the Bolsheviks’ early economic Sun remained outside the country, relatively undeveloped locations, to experiences. He made clear he did many of his followers returned to enable the development authorities not believe China suffered from China and played an active role in the to capture much of the rise in land overpopulation. He advocated a overthrow of the monarchy in 1911-12. values. Here we see the inspiration of development program to evolve 8 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 through transport, mining, and of 1929 in China. They proposed farmer into an owner-farmer, with heavy industry, relying primarily that China adopt a gold standard the full legal property in the land he on government ownership and for the monetary system, a system tills. . .any large properties . . . being management. “If we do not use state that would stabilize exchange rates abolished, and tenancy itself being an power to build up these enterprises, and help promote international exceptional arrangement arising only . . .the result will be simply the investment in China. out of special conditions. . . [Give] expansion of private capital and the Fortunately for China, the each tenant prima facie ownership, emergence of a great wealthy class plan was not adopted, as it would put upon each owner who is not with the consequent inequalities in have been disastrously deflationary tilling or managing the whole of society.” in the post-1929 economic collapse. his property the onus of proving his The Chinese Communist The main benefit from the Kemmerer claims to continue his ownership as Party had formed in 1921 with Commission was that several a small owner. [This was quite similar powerful sponsorship from the Soviet members remained in China as to the 1930 law and, like it, was never Union. For a time, the Communists advisers to the government. One of put into effect.] worked closely with the GMD. Sun these was Arthur Young, who had Jean Monnet, a former League viewed with approval Lenin’s New written his doctoral dissertation at staff member, came to China in 1933 Economic Policy of 1921 which Princeton on taxation of land-value on recommendation from Rajchman. backed off from extreme government increments. The Commission’s report He organized the China Development control. But Sun condemned the on revenue policy recommended Finance Corporation to issue bonds brutality of the Bolshevik regime. taxing increases in land values and finance development projects. Sun’s Influence on Guomindang resulting from urban public The Corporation made a promising Sun Yat-sen died in 1925. improvements. Young remained in start, especially in financing railway Over the next two years, his protégé China until 1947 and was a close construction, but the outbreak of Chiang Kai-shek was able to utilize confidant of Chiang Kai-shek. war with Japan put an end to its the military arm of the GMD to form Ten-Year Plan operations. a new national government with its Sun Yat-sen’s vision of One of Sun Yat-sen’s capital in Nanjing. Chiang made international assistance for China’s most enthusiastic and influential much of his role as Sun’s heir. Sun’s economic development was supporters was Xiao Zheng. He writings became sacred texts, and a somewhat achieved through the work completed his studies in Berlin compulsory weekly memorial service of the League of Nations. Ludwik in 1932 and returned to China to to Sun was initiated. In Moscow, the Rajchman, Director of the Health become a professor at the Central Sun Yat-sen University was founded Section of the League Secretariat, Political Institute and Dean of the in 1925 to serve revolution-minded visited China in late 1925. After Graduate School of Land Economics. Chinese students. An early student the GMD had achieved political After 1949, he moved to Taiwan and was Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang domination, it invited him to return, became Vice Minister of Economic Kai-shek and later to be head of which he did in 1929, for an extended Affairs, playing an important role in the government of Taiwan. Deng stay. The Chinese government Taiwan’s land reform. Sun’s vision of Xiaoping attended in 1926. created in 1931 a National Economic government-driven industrialization After seizing power in 1927, Council (NEC) to work with League received an influential endorsement Chiang Kai-shek undertook a bloody representatives on programs for in 1936 from Nankai University’s purge of Communists, while many economic development, health and influential Professor Fang Xianting. other Communists migrated to education. The government produced Fang reinforced this with a 1942 “base areas” in the interior. They a “Ten-Year Plan,” formulated pamphlet for the National Planning experimented with radical measures with League assistance. Barely an Association. for land redistribution. These issues outline, its 14 subject areas bore The war in 1937 moved the were widely debated. In 1935, strong resemblance to Sun Yat-sen’s government further in the direction economist Fang Xianting identified proposals. The League mission noted of state socialism. According to Lloyd 89 books and 251 articles on land that China had adopted some of Sun’s Eastman, “By 1942. . . the Ministry policy, most published since 1930. ideas in the Land Act of June 1930, of Economics reported that state- Sun Yat-sen’s son Sun Fo but that act was never put into effect. controlled enterprises accounted became Minister of Railways in In 1934, Rajchman published for 17.1 percent of all factories, 70 1927, but lack of funds constrained a lengthy report on collaboration percent of the capital, 32 percent actual construction. The national between the League and the NEC. of the workers and 42 percent of government created only about 1,600 This included proposals for rural the horse-power in the Nationalist miles of railway from 1928 to 1937. reconstruction in Jiangxi Province, area.” But many observers felt the In pursuit of his father’s vision of where Mao Zedong and the Nationalist economic program was international financing of China’s Communists had enjoyed some designed mainly to benefit officials economic development, Sun Fo success before being driven out by and contributed little to industrial invited noted Princeton economist Chiang’s military. The proposals progress. Dr. Edwin Kemmerer to bring to included the following: Sun Yat-sen’s collectivist China a Commission of Financial The conversion of the tenant- emphasis received a negative review Experts. The group of 17 spent most by Wu Yuanli, who completed a Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 9 doctorate in 1946 at the London factor proportions or appropriate agriculture was reversed, and farmers School of Economics under technology. Heavy industry was were given much more freedom to Friedrich Hayek. But Wu conceded given priority. Foreign experts and cultivate the plots they had been that “Chinese economic policy, foreign capital from the Soviet granted during the land reform of the finding expression through all the Union played a significant role. early 1950s. This embodied Sun’s goal programmes and plans that have There was a preoccupation with of “land to the tillers.” Cultural and been evolved under the present large centralized systems of control intellectual freedoms were renewed government, has invariably owed and management. Sun’s dislike for after the disasters of the Cultural its inspiration to Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s private enterprise was reflected in the Revolution. The endless destructive doctrines.” periodic PRC campaigns to wipe out “struggle” campaigns largely ended. Some of Sun’s main ideas “capitalist tails” and limit trade and Population growth was dramatically came under heavy criticism in 1944 transportation to bureaucratic state curtailed by the one-child policy from Wu Jingchao, a Chicago Ph.D monopolies. . . . Sun’s eye for detail (which contradicted Sun’s position). who in 1938 became a senior secretary was sufficiently sharp to anticipate Opportunities were opened for profit- in the Ministry of Economic Affairs. the Yanhee-Gezhouba multi-purpose seeking private enterprise. Creation of In his view, tenancy as such was dam project on the Yangzi River and special economic zones encouraged not an issue. “The central problem to spot the potential attractiveness of inflow of capital, technology, and of our farmers is not that a part of the area near Guangzhou for retired entrepreneurship, especially from them do not own their farms but overseas Chinese—a consideration Taiwan. The transition was similar that the average farm is too small to embodied in the Shenzhen Special to Lenin’s New Economic Policy of sustain a decent standard of living.” Economic Zone. However, transport 1921. According to the People’s Daily The small size of farms reflected development, so dear to Sun’s heart, (October 15, 1991), the PRC has overpopulation, Wu believed, a was relatively neglected, as the World created a system which “had made condition that Sun had vehemently Bank study of 1985 made clear. The Sun Yat-sen’s ideal a reality.” This was denied. That denial had become World Bank study also added: a valid claim. China became an export dogma within the government. One may doubt that powerhouse. Millions of Chinese According to Wu Jingchao “It is very Sun would have approved of the were raised out of poverty. Maddison difficult to advocate birth control just atmosphere of violence and coercion, estimated China’s per capita GDP at the present.” of class conflict and “struggles,” grew by six percent per year from In 1956 Wu Yuanli wrote which characterized the Maoist era. 1978 to 1995. “Because the government had played . . . [T]he PRC land reform measures Sun Yat-sen’s Ideas in Taiwan an increasingly important role in the of 1949-51 involved much more Chiang Kai-shek and the actual allocation and use of resources violence and confiscation than leaders of the GMD (including both before and after the war, . . . occurred in Taiwan, and the principle Sun Fo) migrated to Taiwan in there was not a broad and vigorous of “land to the tillers” was soon 1949, inheriting well-developed capitalistic economy in China at totally rejected in favor of agricultural infrastructure left by the Japanese. the time the Communists took over. collectivization. A 1952 law mandated a land reform The transition to a system of greater Mao Zedong never treated that did achieve Sun’s goal of “land regimentation. . . was made all the the economic welfare of the Chinese to the tillers.” In contrast to the PRC, easier. . .” people as a priority. In particular, rural Taiwan’s program was relatively non- Sun Yat-sen and the PRC residents under Mao experienced a violent. However, it was relatively Mao Zedong included many kind of serfdom, subject to residence confiscatory, as former owners of favorable references to Sun Yat-sen requirements that aimed to keep large tracts were poorly compensated. in his famous manifesto “On the them in the countryside. China’s Nevertheless, the policy received People’s Democratic Dictatorship,” population continued to grow high praise for contributions to issued in June 1949 on the eve of rapidly during much of Mao’s regime. economic growth, political stability the Communist take-over. Sun’s According to Angus Maddison, per and social justice. Taiwan adhered widow, Soong Qingling, became a capita gross domestic product grew more closely to Sun’s ideas in land- conspicuous (if largely ceremonial) by only 2.3 percent in the PRC from value taxation. The 1954 law taxed member of the Communist hierarchy. 1952 to 1978, compared with 5.2 land-value increments. Sun Yat-sen’s Rewi Alley, writing in 1954, boasted percent in Hong Kong, 6.3 percent view about population growth was that “the People’s Republic . . . more in Taiwan and 6.7 percent in Japan. rejected. With the blessing of Sun than fulfills Sun Yat-sen’s vision of a Millions of Chinese died violent Fo, widespread discussion of family new China.” deaths in the Korean War and the planning began in the 1950s, and a land reform campaigns, and from As I wrote in Jingji Xue, The large-scale campaign to promote use starvation during the Great Leap History of the Introduction of Western of the IUD began in 1963. Forward. China’s relative isolation Economic Ideas into China, 1850-1950: Taiwan’s policy was consistent Sun’s vision of an indus­ was one of the many ways Mao’s with Sun’s ideas in the extensive trialized China did anticipate many regime contradicted Sun’s principles. investment in infrastructure of the features of the post-1949 PRC. After Mao’s death in 1976, 1950s. However, there was not a Industrial development was pursued policies changed drastically under concerted campaign to develop with relative disregard for optimal Deng Xiaoping. The collectivization of 10 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Sun Yat-sen standing between two other Sun Yat-sen as president. revolutionaries, 1895. heavy industry through government and import restrictions led to were far above those in the PRC. enterprise. Instead, the relative role inefficiency and sluggish economic Steven Cheung, a Hong Kong-born of the private sector expanded, growth. Consequently, the regime economist, concluded that “there is influenced in part by American was dramatically transformed in no truth to the claim. . . that Taiwan’s foreign aid policies. Taiwan did the mid-1950s. Direct controls economic success is attributable to initially adopt an international trade were relaxed, import markets were the adoption of [Sun’s] economic regime consistent with Sun’s ideas for liberalized and export promotion was principles.” import restriction and encouragement given priority. These policies did Sun Yat-sen’s legacy to Taiwan of inflow of foreign capital and not stem from Sun Yat-sen but from was much more embodied in the expertise. But a complex bureaucratic two brilliant Western-trained Chinese political system. Sun was, after all, system of foreign-exchange controls economists, Liu Dazhong (T.C. Liu) the creator of the Guomindang, and Jiang Shuojie (S.C.Tsiang) which dominated Taiwan’s political In the concluding sections of life for many years. Under Chiang International Development, Sun had Kai-shek, Taiwan’s government was Member Address written “It was once thought by the an oppressive dictatorship. But after economists of the Adam Smith school Chiang’s death in 1975, his son Chiang Updates that competition was a beneficent Ching-kuo transformed the country. factor and a sound economic system By the time we visited in 1992, it are extremely but modern economists discovered had become a fully functioning important! that it is a very wasteful and ruinous democracy, with meaningful freedom US-China Review issues that system. . . Therefore China should of the press and of cultural and have incorrect addresses are make all the national industries intellectual as well as political life. not returned for correction, of China into a great Trust owned they are just discarded ! The by the Chinese people.” Taiwan ______US-China Review mailing list rejected Sun’s statist perspective. Paul B. (Bart) Trescott of the Southern relies on members, chapters The result, as noted above, was that Illinois University Department of and regions to keep mailing Taiwan maintained a high rate of Economics is a member of the Carbondale addresses current. Please send economic growth. Per capita incomes chapter of USCPFA. all corrections to Marge Ketter at 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone 561-747-9487 Fax 561-745-6189 [email protected]

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 11 Greetings from the Two Granddaughters of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Sun Suiying 孫穗瑛 and Sun Suihua 孫穗華 are the only two granddaughters of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Their father was the late Dr. Sun Fo, Sun Yat-sen’s only son. Sun Fo was a graduate of St. Louis High School in Honolulu and later held many high positions in the Chinese Nationalist government, including president of the Legislative Yuan. Sun Suiying and Sun Suihua both live in California. Here is their message for the celebration of their grandfather’s 150th birth anniversary.

Yen Chun Executive Vice President, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Hawaii Foundation (and Sun Fo’s niece). http://sunyatsenhawaii.org/

Corrections from the Fall 2016 USCR issue: The biography of the author of “The Cultural Revolution Reflected in Stamps” was omitted: Archie McKee is a board member of the China Stamp Society, a worldwide group interested in the philately of China and area. He is an expertizer for both the China Stamp Society and American Philatelic Society for the stamps of the PRC. He is past president of the Sarasota USCPFA chapter, has served on the Southern Region Board, and on the National Board.

Valerie Stern’s first name was spelled incorrectly in one reference.

12 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Inner Mongolia: Ghost Town and Prosperity By Mike Revzin For several decades, Atlanta USCPFA members Penelope Prime and her husband, John Garver, have traveled extensively throughout China. But it wasn’t until June of 2015 that they made their first trip to Inner Mongolia. “I wanted to see one of the ‘ghost cities,’” said Prime, explaining her interest in visiting that autonomous region in northern China. She was referring to the new city of Ordos, built in the past 10 years. It was designed for hundreds of thousands of people, but so far is mostly filled with unoccupied buildings. The old city of Ordos, about 36 miles away, is a normal, relatively John Garver prosperous community, said Prime. experiences a Many residents used to live in caves a unique form of few hours away, but have adapted to transportation. city life. Some members of the older Photo by generation become bored in the city Penelope Prime. and move back to the caves—which are warm in winter and cool in summer, Prime said. “If you’re back where the family was living in the cave they had a plot of land. Otherwise they “But it’s not as destitute as “They took us in a caravan of don’t. Otherwise you have to find you might expect,” Prime said. The cars out to see the desert, because we something else to do. And a lot of old Ordos city is just like most cities had requested that. The grasslands them haven’t found much to do. in China. These people have money.” and the desert. It turns out there’s not They found a lot when the place was Many people own cars and, for much grassland nearby, but there’s being built. It was a boom town.” recreation, travel out to the desert to quite a bit of desert nearby. And we “The local economy is based drive up and down the sand dunes, drove and we drove and we drove, on coal and rare earth, both of which said Prime. She and Garver went out and we’re nowhere, as far as we can have declined in value,” said Garver. to watch one such excursion. tell,” she said.

A cluster of mostly empty buildings located between the new and old parts of Ordos. Photo by Penelope Prime. Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 13 They then stopped so the drivers could let air out of the tires to make it easier to traverse the dunes. “Cars would be going up and down,” she said, and there were also some people with dune buggies. “This is middle class China in Ordos. This is what they do for fun.” During their five-day visit to Inner Mongolia, the couple did not stay in a yurt, as some tourists do, but did go to a yurt restaurant—and Penelope Prime Garver rode a camel. and John In the new Ordos, and even Garver in front in a community midway between the of a statue that old and new, they saw that “no one symbolizes lives here yet,” Prime said. the new city of Describing a plaza in the Ordos. Photo new Ordos, Prime said, “It’s vast, and courtesy of you see there’s not one person. Now Penelope Prime. granted, we were there at 9:30 in the morning. But if you’re anywhere in Shanghai at 9:30 in the morning…” There were “A few pockets where people were living” “But I don’t think any building was full,” she and Garver met spoke Chinese. The Weighing the pros and cons said, adding that there are vast food is “western Chinese food,” said of living there, Prime explained, “The intersections with no traffic. Prime. “Lots of lamb. It’s very similar air in Ordos is so much better than Huge statues of horses are to Xinjiang and Ningxia. Lots of very the air in the east. The drawback the symbol of New Ordos. And there heavy noodle dishes.” of Ordos is the weather is dreadful is no shortage of Genghis Khan Residents of Ordos enjoy a apparently 10 months of the year.” monuments in the area, even though low cost of living. the location of his tomb remains a mystery. “Genghis’s tomb (location) is unknown. Apparently he was afraid his tomb would be pillaged, so they dammed up a river, dug a grave in the bottom of the river, buried him, and then released the water so it was covered by the river,” said Garver. “But, because he’s deemed the founder of one of China’s great dynasties, the Yuan, they had to have a monument to him. So in 1954 the government decided Ordos would be the site of the Genghis Khan monument.” There is also a monument with statues of various nationalities that contributed to the region’s development—including an Arab, a Persian, a European, and some Chinese. “The idea is that it was a multi-national empire, multi- national project with Genghis Kahn,” Garver said. Today, about 90 percent of Inner Mongolia’s population is Han A restaurant in a yurt. Photo by Penelope Prime. Chinese, and the Mongols that Prime

14 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Zigen Fund Helps Teach Teachers in Rural China By Judy Manton Sixty rural teachers came to Hebei Normal University last August for two weeks of training on how to teach English. It was the 12th year for the English Teachers Training Program, previously held in small towns. The Zigen Fund, which for When the teachers have correctly completed this exercise, their reward is “English is Fun” the last 28 years has fostered human- spelled out on their papers. Photo by Judy Manton. centered development in rural China, operates the program. The 2016 Our focus was on methods and assistance to migrants in numerous program was hosted by the Training materials such as interactive activities, areas. Center on the very modern campus pair work, songs and games to enliven In addition to our program, of the university— the roots of which their classes of 40 to 60 students. Duke Zigen, conducts training programs date back to 1902. Xu, a former Zigen volunteer, now for rural elementary teachers, women, These days, nearly 40,000 working for the JUMP! Foundation, village leaders and those who volunteer full and part-time students attend gave the teachers some intensive in Zigen’s varied programs. Emphasis classes at their 21 colleges. Not only training in experiential education. is also on research to discover the root are there some 300 international JUMP! Foundation International is a causes of rural poverty. students on campus, but the university non-profit social enterprise focused In a remote village in Shanxi maintains contact with 40 prestigious on leadership development. Province, in cooperation with the universities throughout the world. Toward the end of the county government, Zigen has been Our staff—all volunteers— program all of the teachers presented focusing on their participatory poverty consisted of professional English as a model lessons. Those who were voted alleviation project. An example is Second Language/English as a Foreign the best received certificates and the providing of stipends to needy Language instructors Dr. Cynthia recognition at our closing ceremony, students, replacement of classroom Wiseman of the City University of which ended with a presentation furniture, the supplying of books and New York and me, Judy Manton, of “English is Crazy” by Zaiqin sports equipment and repair of leaky who for 32 years taught immigrants and me. This dialogue between a roofs and dilapidated classrooms. in the Adult Education Program Chinese student of English and an Eventually, with funds from the of New York City, and Yanni Zhou overly particular English teacher county government and Zigen, the who teaches with English First in is based on mispronunciations parents totally renovated the school. Guangzhou. We were ably assisted of English resulting in humorous I visited this school and was deeply by Sophie Zhang and her daughter misunderstandings. impressed. Vivienne Lu of Tenafly, New Jersey, The vision of the Zigen On the website ZigenFund. and Zaiqin Jiang of Hangzhou, who Fund is “to support people living in org there are links to three short is a senior at University of Illinois at poverty in rural China to improve films about Zigen’s work in rural Urbana–Champaign. In addition, we their unmet needs in areas of China. You might be interested in received the invaluable assistance of basic education, primary health showing them at a chapter meeting three graduate students in the English care, environmentally appropriate or at a fund-raiser. Donations to Teaching Program of the university. technologies and preservation of local support the work of the Zigen Fund The goals of the program culture.” “Zigen” means “Nourishing can be made on their website. You each year are for the teachers to the roots.” Zigen also emphasizes can designate that your donation be improve their 1) teaching skills 2) support for equal access of women used for educational stipends for poor ability to function in English and 3) and girls to full development and students, for ecology education, for self-confidence as professionals. Six opportunity. In Beijing, the Zigen the health and sex education program hours a day for two weeks, with total Fund operates a Migrant Worker for adolescent girls, or for any other immersion in English, we stressed Center with social service and self- program described on the Zigen Fund the communicative approach to improvement programs as well website. language learning that has gradually as scholarships and after-school ______replaced the teaching of English as an tutoring for their children. Excluding Judy Manton is a USCPFA member, academic subject with emphasis on scholarships, Zigen spends around Northern New Jersey Organizing grammatical structure and reading. $30,000 annually on various types of Committee. Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 15 Returning to My Childhood Home in Anhui By Douglas R. Reynolds Douglas Not all foreigners left China Reynolds when the Communists came to power on a trip in 1949. My family remained in to Henan Wuhu in Anhui Province for another Province. two years, leaving in 1951 when I was six years old. It would be more than a quarter century before my father and I had our first opportunity to go back and visit. My father, Hubert Reynolds, had been working in China as a missionary-educator since 1947. When he and my mother arrived in China, their three children were aged two to five, and I was the youngest. Chinese colleagues and friends. We visas to travel to China.” Simple as My father and mother later earned left Wuhu without incident, and that. Ph.D’s in Cultural Anthropology, but with sad farewells. After leaving, Our first stop in China was in China they were greenhorns on my father never lost his attachment Shanghai. Task number one was to their first overseas assignment. Their to China and its people. In the register with Public Security. The primary job, along with teaching, Philippines, their next post, my police wanted to know why we were was to study Chinese language and parents in fact formed friendships in China, where we planned to go, culture in preparation for working with many Chinese-Filipinos—the and for how long. As for a place to with students at the church-related next best thing to being in China stay, they recommended a hotel University of Nanking. This never The year 1979 was historic, in Shanghai’s old French Quarter, happened, because of the 1949 for the U.S. and also for my father authorized to accept foreign travelers. revolution. and me. Diplomatic relations with Several days later, we boarded a “hard But the new government China had been restored on January seat” for Nanjing, on the train line did not kick us out. In fact, I 1, 1979. Since 1976, I had been living to Wuhu. Train-travel became our learned decades later than a young in Japan with my wife, Carol, and standard mode of transportation from girl living in our home had been infant daughter Sara, for Japanese point to point. On the train, our most a Communist spy, reporting on language study and research. My memorable experience was always us, and had considered our family father was on the faculty of Silliman the people. I speak Chinese, so was “not a threat.” My father was even University in the Philippines, where able to talk to those openly curious somewhat sympathetic to the new he had lived as a missionary since (often gawking) indefatigable fellow government, because of its many 1952. travelers. They wanted to know: enlightened economic and social In the spring of 1979, a letter “Where are you from?” “Where are policies. At home in my basement I from my Dad arrived in Tokyo with a you going?” “You must be rich. How have an original copy of Chairman wild idea. “I am attending the Pacific much money do you make?” “This Mao’s important booklet, “On New Science Congress in Khabarovsk, watch of yours—how much did it Democracy,” in Chinese. My father USSR, in August, and will come back cost?” “How about your camera?” was using that for language study— to the Philippines by way of Japan. Questions like these kept us busy and it has his reading notes on it. Can you go to the Chinese Embassy and entertained. In Nanjing, Public One of my favorite souvenirs from and apply for visas to travel to China? Security was again our first stop. We China. Tell them we want to travel to our reported our travel plans, and were Nevertheless, my parents old hometown of Wuhu and also to again directed to an authorized hotel. decided to leave China the year Beijing.” Our old hometown of Wuhu after China went to the aid of North “Interesting idea,” I thought. is a further 50 miles up the Yangzi Korea in the “Kang-Mei Yuan-Chao” “But no way this will fly.” Just to River from Nanjing. There too we (“Resist America, Support Korea”) make my stubborn father happy, registered with the police. Knowing War – the Korean War. My parents however, I decided to give it a shot. I that Wuhu was a smaller city and could no longer get their salaries (I went to the Chinese Embassy and, to possibly more relaxed, I asked for think the U.S. had barred money my utter amazement, the consular permission to pick our own hotel. transfers to China), and were worried official said, “Yes, come back in a “Impossible,” was the quick response. that they might cause trouble for week and I think we can issue you “It is our duty to keep you safe.” Our 16 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 authorized hotel was at the edge of lives on as the attached middle school two Chinese couples, to my surprise: town, a set of buildings spread over of Anhui Normal University.) I can only imagine how they spoiled spacious grounds, where Chairman My father mostly wanted me rotten as a cute preschooler!) Mao had once stayed, we were told. to see old colleagues. We were told Without thinking, prayers of Our ‘Liberated’ Home that during the Cultural Revolution, thanksgiving went up, and nobody My father looked around, “the principal, pastor, and their in the compound objected. Over the and recognized the place. “This is the families were all moved into a years, the leaders later explained, old Caltech compound—right next housing compound in town, where their faith had made them strong. to where we lived!” he exclaimed. they could make themselves useful Each recognized the devotion and Sure enough, to our delight, our old through productive labor.” Someone simple decency of those they worked three-story solid brick home was wrote down the compound address, and lived with. Under persecution, right where it should have been, and we headed off by taxi. The well- their faith had been tested. Their just next door. We toured our house kept compound, it turned out, was deepened faith, evident to everyone, the next day, discovering that our not just for Protestants. It included is one reason why religious practice “liberated” missionary mansion had other Chinese leaders “tainted” in China flourishes today. been carved up into residences for by religion—Buddhists, Muslims, We had come home. Though some five families, one or two to a religious Daoists, and Catholics. My my father and I traveled to Beijing floor. Not bad use of space, though father, a Social Gospel activist, always after Wuhu, for purposes of this a bit crowded. Down the hill from preached ecumenical cooperation China note: mission accomplished. our house was the church-related across peoples and faiths. Now he saw ______middle school, Cuiwen Zhongxue, it in action, and was delighted. where my parents had taught. It too It was our good fortune, when Douglas R. Reynolds is co-president of the had been liberated. The elongated we arrived, that the middle school Atlanta chapter of the USCPFA. He has campus chapel had been sectioned principal, his wife, and the pastor and taught Chinese and Japanese history at Georgia State University, Atlanta, since into residences for multiple families. his wife were all at home—smiling, and looking happy and healthy. 1980. His formative years, ages 2 to 17, Old school buildings were still being were spent in China and the Philippines. used for education. (Today, the school Immediately, everyone recognized each other. (Even I recognized the Dream of the Red Chamber Turned into Impressive Opera By Winny Lin The War Memorial Opera Romeo and Juliet in Western culture. Sheng was first challenged in 2011 House was packed the night my The story opens with a stone left by the Chinese Heritage Foundation husband, Kenny, and I had the behind from the construction of of Minnesota to bring something pleasure of seeing San Francisco heaven by Nuwa 女媧 and a flower great in Chinese culture to the Opera’s production of Dream of the 絳珠草 existing in another world. American audience. His thorough Red Chamber” 红樓夢 last September. The stone nurtured the flower with understanding of this classic novel The performance was mesmerizing its dew for 3,000 years. Together they allowed him to synthesize it and in its storytelling, singing, lyrics, decided to be incarnated as mortals bring it to the stage while keeping stage designs and costuming. As an to experience love on Earth. Against faith with the original. added bonus, author Cao Xueqin’s sound advice from a monk, they pass Tony-winning American- beautiful poems in Chinese were through a magic mirror and assume born playwright David Henry Wang, displayed on screens on both sides human identities, one as a man and who readily accepted Bright Sheng’s of the stage. I had wondered if it the other as a woman. Their fates are challenge to do the libretto, was was possible to turn a 2,500-page intertwined and their hopes dashed unfamiliar with the novel but has Chinese classic into a two-act Western by those around them. Sitting in my a deep understanding of American style opera, but this Chinese novel seat, I could not help but wonder culture so he could ensure that the was successfully transported to the “Why couldn’t they be left alone and material would touch an American American opera stage. enjoy their pure love?” But, that’s not audience. This duo focused the opera Amazing Storyline the story. The idea of life being an on the love triangle of Bao Yu, Dai Like many operas, the illusion and filled with predestined Yu, and Bao Chai and made the story storyline is a bit complicated, suffering is deeply rooted in Buddhist relevant to modern audiences. involving alternate universes, and Daoist theologies, both of which American-born Taiwanese competing lovers, scheming adults, are prominent features of Chinese director Stan Lai joined forces with greed, chicanery and a sad ending. culture. the others to bring his vast stage Many Chinese scholars compare experience to the project. Oscar- The Creative Team winning Hong Kong-born designer the importance of Dream of the Shanghai-born and Red Chamber in Chinese culture to Tim Yip’s contributions can be seen MacArthur Award Winner Bright in every set design and costume. Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 17 Beautiful Sets Music and Singing I was very impressed by the Obviously, a major part of an Rural Co-ops stage set designs, which so effectively opera is its music, both the orchestral support and enhance the storyline. and the vocal. Bright Sheng, as Battle “Poverty One of my favorites was when Dai composer and co-librettist, and Yu (the flower in the other universe) librettist David Henry Hwang have of Opportunity” is in her living quarters surrounded worked wonders. The production by a bamboo grove. Another one was uses singers from all over the world. By John Marienthal when Dai Yu was burning the poetry Yijie Shi(a tenor from Shanghai) plays that Bao Yu (the stone in the other Bao Yu, Pureum Jo (a soprano from Editor’s note: In the 1930s, New universe) and she wrote together. The Seoul) plays Dai Yu, and Irene Roberts Zealander Rewi Alley helped popularize set has two levels. On one level, you (a messo-soprano from Sacramento) small-scale cooperatives in China. see Dai Yu in her flowing green outfit plays Bao Chai. The orchestra was at John Marienthal, a member crying and singing. At the same time, its finest. of the South Bay chapter of USCPFA, on a lower level, Bao Yu is lamenting conducted this interview with Dave Sponsorship Bromwich, president of the New Zealand that he and Dai Yu cannot marry. The This world-class production staging makes it work. Simple but China Friendship Society, about work won the support of many people from being done today. powerful. the American-Chinese community Creative Costumes who donated significant time and JOHN: What is the cooperative Tim Yip, the production money to make it a reality. Among spirit in China today? designer, made his costumes them are author Amy Tan and Yuan somewhat abstract. Take Dai Yu’s Yuan Tan, a principal dancer with DAVID: We started in 2006 costume for example. She wears a the San Francisco Ballet. The Asian in the poorer provinces as a poverty flowing green elegant piece through Art Museum of San Francisco helped reduction project. We used New both acts. Yip explained that he did it introduce the community to the Zealand government funding. Now so we could “sense the body within— novel, and features it on museum the training programs can assist any or perhaps the aura of the character’s displays. We can be very proud of the cooperatives. It is a fundamental part spirit”. The green in this case reflects way that Chinese from different parts of Chinese government policy to Dai Yu’s living quarters in the garden, of the world brought their talents make the east and west parts of the surrounded by bamboo. together to create this masterpiece. country, and the cities and rural areas, more equal. Part of their rural economic development policy is to establish ______more rural cooperatives. There are two Winny Lin (left) is approaches: Cooperatives or large- co-chair of USCPFA’s scale farming systems. Cooperatives South Bay Chapter. blend very well into larger-scale farming systems. As more farmland is available, as more people migrate to the cities, more farmers have the opportunity to lease land. The co-ops can improve the scale, not necessarily through collectivizing their land, but often through the marketing system—where they can market things on a much more efficient scale of economy. We mainly work on projects that involve collective marketing. For example, a small-scale operation in western Gansu Province can get contracts to supply Beijing companies. Some larger cooperatives are starting to export because they have the production scale that allows them to market.

JOHN: Who do you represent?

DAVID: I represent the New Zealand China Friendship Society. I 18 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 work with a colleague, Liu Guozhong Now, instead of New Zealand tends to be a little more top-down. from Shandan Bailie School, which government aid, we get some money was founded by Rewi Alley in Shaanxi from a wealthy businessman in DAVID: It has been. But, Province and moved to Gansu in Shaanxi. Also, rather than working more and more where we work— 1944. He has a master’s degree in with specific co-ops and developing particularly in Shaanxi and Gansu— rural economic development and model cooperatives, we are now we are getting support from the local also represents Gung Ho (Working offering training programs. They government. However, our trainers Together), the International are for marketing, accounting, don’t actually receive fees for their Committee for Promotion of Chinese management and communications. work. They are doing the work for Industrial Cooperatives. The other is Another aspect of what we’re expenses—for virtually no fees. My Tim Zachernuk, a Canadian who has trying to develop is a marketing colleague from Shandan is taking lived in China for 20 years. He’s a brand. Branding will often be two years leave. So we’re not talking World Bank expert. more effective in pre-production. about a $1,000-a-day World Bank It is a very good small team, Women’s handicrafts are often keen developmentalist. We are talking started in 2006 on a small scale. We on identifying their products as about volunteers who have a passion focused on two projects in one small handmade. We have a training class for this kind of work. county and established that as a for women’s handicrafts, specifically model county. We then extended that on how to market products in shops JOHN: What are to four other counties, then expanded and villages. contradictions (mao dun)? What are into other provinces. some failures? Our Chinese counterparts JOHN: Is there any possibility have included the agricultural of going back to using part of the old DAVID: One of our earlier departments responsible for rural model of expanding cooperatives in failures was where the local economic development and heads of particular areas? Is that do-able if government felt threatened by our economic management stations. there were funding? coming in there. Generally, local Often, we have teamed with governments were very receptive the All China Women’s Federation DAVID: I think there is, because, under the develop-the- because we are trying to assist with because we have just had a very west plan, they are charged with women’s development in those rural recent project that is not funded by three tasks. One is to develop roads areas. Very often, women are left the New Zealand government but has and schools. Another is technical behind in the countryside when the small-scale funding by the Friendship development, for which they had men go away for work. Women run Society. It will target other areas adequate expertise. The third is social the farms. The All China Women’s where Rewi Alley worked. development—an area they really Federation is trying to promote the struggle with. participation and development of JOHN: Who had the idea to We had a co-op with a women in society. The cooperatives put this together? supply of some poor quality seeds range from animal husbandry to fruit for planting. The whole membership growing to women’s handicrafts. DAVID: My colleague Liu lost faith in the cooperative, and that Guozhong in Shandan, who had been almost destroyed that cooperative. JOHN: About how many involved in Gung Ho, and myself. As people are we talking about? a community development program JOHN: You mentioned using cooperatives as a tool for rural cooperation with the All-China DAVID: They all start very development, we are working very Women’s Federation. small—sometimes 10 or 12 people. much in the legacy of Rewi Alley—but An indication of the success of our in the modern climate. DAVID: It has been on both cooperatives is that they quite rapidly The Chinese government a local level and provincial level in increase. We have cooperatives of policy is very supportive of that various areas. 30 to 40 people. Our biggest one is climate. One of our points of over 500 members. I think that there difference with the approach of the JOHN: I’ve always considered is a danger when they become too Chinese government is that, in our the All-China Women’s Federation large that the management and the cooperatives, we have a much more a really powerful national tool that membership become too distant. participatory bottom-up approach. could do a lot—probably a lot more One of the keys to the success and Our co-ops are able to be established than it is doing. It has the potential sustainability of the cooperatives is in a sustainable way because of the because of the migration of men to the transparent relationship between relationship between membership the cities. There are huge numbers of the members and leadership. and leadership. It is a real form of women left in the countryside. They Until 2013, our projects were community democracy. can be organized. That organization funded by aid from the New Zealand has a lot of history organizing women. government. There were about 90 co- JOHN: Yeah, it encourages ops, mainly in Gansu and Shaanxi. more democratic participation. This DAVID: Yes, that’s right. At that point, we had assisted about sometimes is a contradiction with the That’s why we partner with them. Our 20,000 households. Chinese government’s approach, which first projects in Shaanxi were through Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 19 the Women’s Federation. And we’ve had co-operatives that were run by women. There was one very effective woman in a very remote area of Shaanxi running a pig co-op. One thing that we found out: Not only do rural Chinese have poverty, but they have a poverty of opportunity. When they are given opportunity, they develop very fast— and leaders emerge. ______Dave Bromwich, president of the New Zealand China Friendship Society (NZCFS), has been involved in China since 1990. Since 2002, his main work has been in rural poverty reduction development projects. This has been in a private capacity in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, and by representing NZCFS in its work, especially in northwest China. For information on how to support his program, contact Bromwich at dbchinz@ xtra.co.nz.

A New Zealand China Friendship Society training workshop. Photo by Dave Bromwich.

“You’re American, aren’t you?” the Japanese bombing.” A Pair of Shoe asked the proprietor. “How old are you?” I asked “Yes, so what?” “Forty.” Laces “Then I couldn’t possibly charge “Then those things happened By John Israel you.” before you were born!” “Why not?” “Yes,” he replied, “but we still As an American in China, I have “Because we’re so grateful to you.” remember.” been the beneficiary of numerous “Grateful for what?” instances of hospitality and kindness. “You saved us!” A Chinese translation of this sto- My most poignant memory begins “What in the world are you talking ry was originally broadcast over the with a broken shoe lace. about?” Voice of America’s Mandarin Lan- That was back in the late1980s. “Your Flying Tigers saved us from guage Service. It was a shoelace on a pair of Amer- ican-made running shoes, the only shoes I had brought along for a month-long visit to Yunnan. I had to have a replacement. I soon discov- ered it was not so easy to find Amer- ican-style shoe laces in Kunming. Finally I walked into a shoe store on Jinbilu. Next to the door was a rack on which were hung shoe laces of different styles and lengths, Among them was a pair of the kind of laces I was looking for. I happily carried the laces to the proprietor. “How much?” I asked. “For you,” he replied, “they’re free.” “That’s not necessary,” I said, “I’ve looked for this kind of laces all over town, and I’m so pleased to have finally found a pair. I’ll be happy to pay anything you ask.” John Israel and his wife, Li Xiaoliang. 20 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 usually then revised and continued To be sure, not every industry An Introduction in the next FYP. This happened in picked is successful, and industrial the 11th FYP when China’s energy over-capacity is now a major to China’s reduction target of 20% was missed problem in many industries. Nor is by about 1%. In the 13th FYP the it necessarily the case that China has goal is now a 15% reduction in made all the right decisions on things 5-Year Plans what is called energy intensiveness, like transportation infrastructure. But By Jason Inch reflecting the increasing difficulty of think of all the economic value that In March 2016 China further reductions and also perhaps can be created when you have an officially launched its 13th Five-Year the unwillingness of industry and extensive high-speed rail network like Plan (FYP). This plan will be in effect local city governments to change the one that China is building. until 2020, and it is an important too quickly. In most cases, however, 13th FYP Themes document telling us what direction China hits its targets or at least comes This newest plan has five China’s economic and social policies close enough to be given a strong big themes. They seem to be listed are going to take in the next five grade for effort. in order of priority and importance, years. Or, as the chorus of a catchy In some cases China actually showing where the government sees tune about the plan puts it, if you surpasses its targets. In the 12th FYP, the biggest challenges and also the want to know what China’s gonna do, China achieved a restructuring of its biggest potential gains: just pay attention to the shi-san-wu! economy to 50.5% based on services, 1. Innovation: Focus on (13-five). against a target of 47%. China, as scientific research and achievements, You can see a YouTube everyone knows by now, is trying to invention patents and important cartoon about the plan at: encourage more consumption and foundation technologies. https://www.youtube.com/ urbanization—which will allow it to 2. Coordination: Streamline watch?v=LhLrHCKMqyM. get higher-value service sector jobs administration and cooperation This article will explain a little and other benefits. The new target across government, state-owned about the background of the plans, for the service economy under the enterprises, and private business, and the main themes of the current 13th 13th FYP has been set at 56%, a 5.5% also delegate power to lower levels. Five-Year Plan, some of the targets increase, which China may very well 3. Greening/Sustainability: China set in it and why those targets overshoot again. Make development more sustainable, are important. I have noted in my research clean up environmental problems, an increasing level of adherence to build a national competitive When Did Plans Start? the plans in the past decade. For The first plan was adopted advantage in “clean tech.” example, in the 11th FYP, wind 4. Opening Up: Continue in 1953 and was based on the model energy was prioritized and China used by Soviet Union central planners opening up China’s markets to the became the world’s number one user outside, encourage more Chinese to establish areas of focus for the of wind power. In the 12th FYP, from economy, but mostly production investment abroad while retaining 2011 to 2015, the focus was switched incoming investment. targets to be achieved. China to solar energy, and this happened: had several missteps in trying to industrialize too quickly. It then went through a period of going back to agriculture, followed by a slower pace of economic restructuring. It has had mostly stable growth for the past 30 years. This was thanks, in part, to the planning system. The plans are still used today, but are now called “guidelines” (规划) in Chinese to reflect their re-purposing as a strategic policy framework rather than hard-line directives and production planning. There are still numerical targets, but they are more macro-economic and social-welfare focused. Are Targets Ever Missed? Yes, they are, and this data is reported in various places and even pointed out in the following plans, but the missed targets are

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 21 Backyard furnaces during the Great Leap Forward.

needs to be done in areas such as intellectual property reform as well. Sustainability: There are more targets under the category of sustainability than in any other. For example, we will see China significantly increase the number of Chinese domestically produced electric vehicles on the road by 5 million units, according to the plan. At the end of 2015 they numbered in the mere hundreds of thousands. This target will not only help China clean up some of its air pollution but also help it build up a strategic emerging industry. Chinese drivers are adopting electric cars rapidly thanks to many subsidies available on domestic electric vehicles, making hybrids a popular choice with car-sharing and ride-hailing drivers. One ride-hailing service, Caocao, even has a fleet of all- electric vehicles serving Hangzhou. Quality of life: There are also numerous indicators related to education, health, and social services. One that stands out in terms of demographics has already been officially implemented: the revision to the Family Planning Policy allowing all families to have at least two children. Will this fix China’s demographic challenges in just five years? Definitely not, so party members, get busy making those babies! Final thoughts While the plan is only a “guideline” and some people may 5. Sharing: Make society more far, but rather China wants more discount it as just another government equitable, healthier, and happier. U.S.-style academic research and document, I believe it is critical to 13th FYP Targets entrepreneurship leading to patents. pay attention to it. The 13th FYP, at least until 2020, will affect corporate There are too many targets In particular, the focus and entrepreneurial strategies for to list here, so I’ll just pick one each should shift to invention patents businesspeople, financial returns for from three of the major categories, instead of incremental improvement investors, and career choices for those and explain them. patents. Research and Development thinking about their next, or first, job. Innovation: China wants to spending as a percentage of GDP will If you want to know what nearly double its quantity of patents also increase during the 13th FYP, China’s gonna do, just pay attention per 10,000 people, to 12 compared going from 2.1% at the end of the to the shi-san-wu! with about six per capita today, previous FYP to 2.5% at the end of ______achieved during the 12th FYP. Such this one, a significant increase in both a large increase in patents cannot percentage terms as well as in absolute Jason Inch, a Shanghai-based consultant be left only to big companies like value. This will help China achieve and expert on the Chinese economy, Huawei and ZTE, which have been its long-sought goal of becoming an is the author of China’s Economic Supertrends. dominating patent applications thus innovative country. But much work 22 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Transitions Book Reviews at all levels knew that their jobs Phyllis (Hathaway) depended on not allowing birth quotas to be exceeded. Read The policy was implemented Phyllis (Hathaway) Read, 94, died in 1980 with the promise that a on June 23, 2016. In March of 1976, less-crowded China would lead to Phyllis toured China with a group a better standard of living. Fong of 30 other people as part of one of makes a convincing argument that the first US-China Peoples Friend- the number of births prevented by ship Association tours offered by the the policy – while great – is not as Midwest Region. In those days, each large as the Chinese government says, potential traveler had to submit an and that China’s economic success in application to USCPFA. Phyllis was recent decades cannot be attributed to so excited to be one of those chosen the slower population growth. Also, to go to Communist China. Most of the trend toward smaller families had their journey was by bus or train. already begun before the policy was Upon her return, she gave lectures implemented, Fong argues. wherever people and organizations ‘One Child’ considers the long-term impact The author is a Malaysian- would have her. She wrote articles of China’s one-child policy born ethnic Chinese journalist about her experiences in China, who shared a Pulitzer Prize for her eventually creating a pamphlet and One Child reporting from China for The Wall booklet about her trip. She was always By Mei Fong Street Journal. sure to thank USCPFA for that oppor- Houghton Mifflin Harcourt In this book, she relates her tunity to see China. That trip inspired Publishing Company, 2016 own story of seeking treatment to her to travel throughout the world to conceive while covering China’s promote women globally. Reviewed by Mike Revzin attempts to prevent its citizens from Phyllis was born in Putnam, doing so. This first-person account Illinois, in 1921. It is a small rural China’s one-child policy sometimes distracts from the more community where she was able to has led to some horrible abuses, compelling narrative. explore and venture into a variety such as women being rounded up, One of the more dramatic of endeavors. She excelled in school handcuffed, and forcibly taken to sections of the book is the story of and often took leadership roles in have their pregnancies terminated, the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in the organizations and programs in writes journalist Mei Fong in her book which 8,000 couples lost their only which she participated. She received One Child. child. Fong describes traveling on a her Master’s of Science degree in Ed- ‘One Child’ describes such jam-packed train from Beijing with a ucation from Milliken University in incidents in chilling detail. But it also migrant worker couple – desperate to Decatur, Illinois. She was a teacher, a looks at the long-term harm that the get home to their isolated village to counselor, a musician and an activist policy has caused to Chinese society. find out the fate of their only child, for many positions. She leaves behind The book is especially timely, a teenage girl. six children, their spouses and their given the announcement that Some of the book’s language children, as well as many nieces and Chinese couples will now be allowed seems a bit flippant, such as when nephews. They will continue to tell to have two children. As the author Fong writes that the sound of this these tales of travel and adventure Fong notes, the policy had already migrant woman screaming upon that Phyllis told to them. been relaxed in recent years to allow, learning of her daughter’s death Her daughter, M. Christa Lee, for example, a husband and wife who meant “game over.” shared this information with USCPFA have no siblings to have a second For parents of other girls, to remember her mother’s special de- child. the one-child policy often led to light in being chosen to go to China, But when and where the infanticide or the abandonment of a and her appreciation of that oppor- policy was strictly enforced, draconian baby girl – in order to try for a son to tunity. What a wonder, this woman, measures were taken, says Fong. carry on the family line. Thousands Phyllis Read. In some cases, families were held of the unwanted girls were adopted By Kitty Trescott hostage until a pregnant woman by foreigners although, Fong reports, surrendered to the family planning some of these adoptees had actually authorities, personal possessions were been abducted by Chinese and sold confiscated, or enormous fines were to orphanages. levied. The preference for baby Some of these actions were boys has led to a tremendous gender illegal but, as Fong notes, family imbalance in China, and “One Child” planning officials and party leaders delves into many aspects of how this

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 23 Book Reviews will affect society. In foreign policy, says Similarly, a nation of one- Pillsbury, Xi has been promoting a child households may soon find itself military build­up and pursuing much without enough young workers to more nationalist actions than his support and take care of hundreds of immediate predecessors, particularly millions of retirees. when it comes to China’s territorial The children born to claims in the South China Sea. these one-child couples have been Pillsbury says that Xi’s call nicknamed “Little Emperors” because for a “strong nation dream” can be their parents and grandparents spoil traced back to “The China Dream,” a them. Fong offers examples of such book published in China in 2010 and over-indulgence, but also notes that written by an army colonel named those children are their families’ only Liu Mingfu. The book was a bestseller hope for the future, and thus come in China. under enormous pressure. It was there that Pillsbury first China’s social safety net has a spotted a reference to “the Hundred­ lot of holes in it, and the elderly often Year Marathon”. rely more on their families than on Fluent in Mandarin, Pillsbury government help. Fong notes that is a veteran China analyst who has China has few nursing homes and ‘The Hundred-Year Marathon’ outlines a served in senior positions in the hospice facilities, and explains why it long-term Chinese strategy to replace the U.S. Defense Department and on the is actually harder for an elderly person as world leader staff of U.S. Senate committees. In who has no children to be accepted the late 1990s, during the Clinton into one. The Hundred Year Marathon administration, he was tasked by In the book, we see not only By Michael Pillsbury the Defense Department and CIA the shattered dreams of couples who Henry Holt and Co., 2015 to conduct what he describes as wanted more children, but also the “an unprecedented examination poignant regrets of some officials of China’s capacity to deceive the who participated in abusive action to Reviewed by Dan Southerland United States”. enforce the one-child policy. In the course of his work, As China prospered, some Serving in various senior Pillsbury says he discovered families could afford a fine for a national security positions in the proposals formulated by Chinese second child, but an illegal birth United States government, Michael hawks (ying pai), and apparently could also mean that the child could Pillsbury has been meeting for decades accepted by China’s leaders, to not be registered for public schools with Chinese military planners and “mislead and manipulate American or health care if the parents were not civilian strategists in an effort to policymakers” with the aim of permanent residents of that city. figure out what they think. obtaining U.S. Intelligence and The author says that In the process, Pillsbury says military, technological, and economic many urban Chinese support the he’s detected a longterm­ Chinese assistance that would contribute to government’s family-planning strategy: First, to acquire Western China’s rise. policies, and only a tenth of those technology, then to develop a China’s leaders would who were already eligible to have a powerful economy, and finally – three thereby avenge what they have second child chose to do so. Some 60 to four decades from now – to replace long regarded as a century of “past percent of one-child couples said the the United States as the world’s foreign humiliations” by replacing one-child policy had nothing to do superpower. And if Chinese planners the U.S. as the economic, military, with their decision not to have more get their way, Pillsbury says, China and political leader of the world by children. may achieve its ultimate goal without the year 2049 – the 100th anniversary But even those who admit the firing a shot. of the Communist takeover of China need for family planning are highly In his book The Hundred­ in 1949. critical of the tactics used by China’s Year Marathon, Pillsbury argues that Pillsbury says that a number population police. successive U.S. administrations of assumptions about China that “Force is never justified. Those have been led to believe that as have long been accepted by American people are real evil,” one woman told China develops economically, it will diplomats and scholars – and for the author. embrace a more open economy and many years by Pillsbury himself – ______liberal democratic ideas. have turned out to be false. But it has become increasingly Making matters worse, he Mike Revzin is an editor of US-China obvious that under China’s President Review. This review was originally says, the U.S. has “underestimated Xi Jinping, things haven’t worked out published in The Christian Science the influence of China’s hawks,” who that way, and Pillsbury attempts to Monitor. in his view are now leading China’s explain why. 24 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Book Reviews strategic thinking. entirely. Beijing’s recent arrests of the U.S. still has time to take 12 As a reporter for The Chinese critics, journalists, and practical steps to prevent this from Washington Post in Beijing from 1985 lawyers and its state­controlled media’s happening. until 1990, I should state upfront demonization of the West point These steps include, among that I accepted some of those same clearly to a failure of constructive others, the development of a more assumptions about engagement engagement. effective economic competitiveness leading to more openness and Through the use of memoirs strategy and better support for the cooperation when I first arrived in and oral histories, Pillsbury has country’s prodemocracy­ reformers. China. also formulated a provocative Moderates and reformers still exist in But any remaining illusions counterpoint to Henry Kissinger’s China, he says, but they’re keeping about commerce leading to political version of the origins of President their heads down. Many of them have change that I had were shattered Nixon’s opening to China in 1971. been silenced. when the Party used the People’s China, and not the United States, Pillsbury doesn’t call for a Liberation Army to repress peaceful drove that opening process, Pillsbury new Cold War. And he leaves room pro­democracy protests in the Beijing says. for continuing U.S. cooperation with massacre of early June 1989. Pillsbury is at his best when he China in a number of areas. Pillsbury says that his own describes China’s military hawks, who But he does call for more wakeup­ call came in 1997 when have been dismissed by many in the diligence in monitoring the U.S.­ he was invited to witness a local past as a radical fringe group. In the China relationship as well as China’s “democratic” election in a village acknowledgments section of his book, implementation of international in southern China. In that village Pillsbury thanks 35 Chinese “scholar­ agreements. the “unwritten rules of the game generals” for sharing their thoughts Despite dealing with a weighty soon became clear.” Candidates and insights even if they didn’t agree subject, Pillsbury says everything weren’t allowed to criticize opponents with all of his conclusions. that he wants to say within the 233 favored by the Communist Party or In 2003, Pillsbury heard pages of this highly readable book. any policy implemented by the Party. that anti­Americanism was rife It deserves to be widely read and If Pillsbury is correct in his within senior levels of the Chinese debated. conclusions, the United States can government from a female Chinese ______expect China to keep talking about defector whom he calls Ms. Lee. Dan Southerland, executive editor of “win­win” cooperation with the Lee shared a vignette about the U.S. government funded Radio Free Asia, U.S. while covertly undermining US Warring States period with a group is a former Asia correspondent for The foreign policy goals around the world. of American officials. Christian Science Monitor and former As he sees it, the U.S. should Between 490 and 470 BC, Beijing bureau chief for The Washington not expect significant help from the story goes, Goujian, the rising Post. China in dealing with Iran or North challenger aspiring to rule the This review was originally published in Korea. According to Pillsbury, Beijing Chinese world, operated with stealth The Christian Science Monitor. will continue to support both regimes and secrecy, making false promises as counters to the United States. and concealing his motivations until China for years has been he found the right moment to strike playing a game that resembles wei qi, down the ruling hegemon or tyrant. Boost your chapter the Chinese board game that involves The heads of those two warring states encircling one’s opponent, he says. were like China and America today, membership! In addition to the numerous she said. interviews and meetings that he’s According to Pillsbury, conducted with Chinese military few Westerners know the Goujian Focus on getting strategists, Pillsbury has had access allegory, but when he asked Chinese to U.S. intelligence, defectors, and scholars who held it up as valuable new members by unpublished Chinese documents. guidance, one of them said, “if you having exciting Citing these documents want to control the whole world, you and interviews, and supporting his better not appear as ambitious…. If gatherings and analysis with 65 pages of footnotes, you appear as having an agenda you discussions he argues that China is drawing on will be revealed”. arts of warfare and deception dating This Ms. Lee maintained, was about China. from the country’s ancient Warring “exactly what China is doing with the States period. West.” Some scholars and former Pillsbury doesn’t go as far as Do a U.S. diplomats are likely to question some commentators in contending Pillsbury’s main themes. But it will that China has already won the big membership drive! be difficult to refute his argument power game. Instead, he argues that

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 25 Friendship Work

SOUTHERN REGION For USCPFA members who Our chapter also planned haven’t yet visited the Eighth Route a holiday party and program for Army Memorial, it is located near December, and will hold bi-monthly

Atlanta downtown Xi’an. Especially if you events for our members and the Doug Reynolds, co-president have visited the other major sites in public through the 2017 Winter of the Atlanta chapter, is professor and around Xi’an, this is a great place Season. —Duane Finger of East Asian history at Georgia State to visit for a first-hand impression of University. He did his doctoral dis- what life was like for Red Army mem- sertation on the Chinese Industrial WESTERN REGION bers during the Yan’an period of their Cooperative movement (Zhongguo history (1937-1945). —Ed Krebs gongye hezuo she—Gonghe for short, Honolulu and the origin of our slang term “gung Free weekly Mandarin Classes ho”). Doug visited the Eighth Route Sarasota began in September at the University Army Office Memorial in Xi’an while The Sarasota chapter works of Hawaii. in China with the Georgia University closely with several local organizations Our annual picnic for new System summer program in 2015 and that conduct China-related activities, University of Hawaii students from met a young member of the Memorial including the Ringling Museum China was also held in September. staff, Francis Yu, and the two became of Art’s Center for Asian Art, the USCPA organized the event in good friends. When Yu gave Doug a Sarasota Sister Cities Association’s conjunction with the Chinese tour of the Memorial’s collection of Sarasota-Siming (Xiamen) Sister City Students and Scholars Association. materials on this branch of the Red Relationship, and the Gulf Coast New journalists from China Army’s activities, Doug realized that Chinese American Association. Our arrived and acclimated to student this would be a good place to send chapter co-sponsored these events in life at the University of Hawaii. There the materials he had used in doctoral Sarasota: are two from China Daily, one from dissertation research. On October 18, we supported Xinhua and one from Shanghai Daily. Doug later proposed that the the China Town Hall, presented Also in September, our chapter Atlanta chapter assist with sending by the Committee for US-China had two booths at the Moon Festival these materials to the Eighth Route Relations, which featured a live celebration at the Chinese Cultural Army Memorial’s collections, and our broadcast of a presentation by former Plaza in Chinatown. Western Region leadership agreed that this would be Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. President Frances Goo arranged a good chapter project. Some weeks This annual event takes place at for Mr. He, a lantern maker from later, Ed Krebs made a trip to China sites around the country, including Shanghai, to display and sell his that took him to Xi’an, a good op- Sarasota. This year the live closed works of art. She also arranged for a portunity to deliver a “first wave” of circuit webcast took place at the well-known paper cutter and a painter Doug’s materials. When Ed reached University of South Florida, Sarasota- to display their skills. The Moon Xi’an, he got in touch with Yu and Manatee campus, and included a local Festival was sponsored and put on by also met with Mr. Guo, the Memo- speaker, Malcolm Riddell, a banker, the Chinese Chamber of Commerce rial’s director. It was a very pleasant lawyer and diplomat with 40 years of of Hawaii. —Vernon Ching visit, with this mission accomplished. experience in international relations We look forward to completing the with China. Long Beach plan to send the remainder of Doug’s In October, New College of In August, Long Beach resources to the Memorial so that Florida Chinese Professor Zhang Jing chapter members headed to the J. Chinese scholars can use these same hosted two events related to Chinese Paul Getty Museum of Los Angeles items in their research. films, co-sponsored by the Confucius to wander through the life-size Helen Foster Snow, first wife Institute. One was a screening of “Egg Mogao Cave replicas. The real caves, of Edgar Snow, author of Red Star and Stone,” with introduction by Dr. near Dunhuang in the Gobi Desert, over China, was especially active in Qi Wang, who also spoke on Space in had been filled with exquisite wall the Gonghe project. This first group Independent Chinese Cinema. paintings and sculptures. From the of materials includes a sheaf of Doug’s On November 10, we co- 4th to 14th centuries, when the Silk correspondence with Mrs. Snow sponsored a program with the Road swarmed with travelers, the (also known by her pen-name, Nym Ringling Museum of Art, featuring 450 caves were carved out to serve as Wales). She is already the focus of an a presentation by Professor Kirk rest stops, market places and shrines. impressive exhibit in the Memorial. Wang, titled “Cultural Revolutions—a Artists from the Dunhuang Academy Another important part of Doug’s ma- review of Chinese contemporary collaborated with the Getty Research terials consists of reports by Western art since the Chinese Communist and Conservation Institute to build journalists, written in English, who Revolution.” This event took place three cave replicas. had visited industrial cooperative at Ringling Museum’s new Center of Later in August, four Long centers across China, and were eager Asian Art. Beach USCPFA families hosted to report on what they had observed. English language professors from Hebei Normal University for lunch 26 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Friendship Work and tours of their homes. The visiting Chinese scholars included 16 women and one man. They explained that more women in China choose to teach languages, while Chinese men head for science and engineering. During their two-week training seminar at California State University International Studies Program, the scholars had requested an opportunity to visit homes in the U.S. and talk with USCPFA members. The four families opening their homes for lunches and tours were John Jung, Frances and Tennyson Wang, Nancy and Bob Berkoff, and Arthur and Elizabeth Kraft. The September educational meeting of the Long Beach USCPFA featured Richard Harsh with a visual presentation “The Ceramics of China.” Skilled in painting and ceramics, Harsh has taught ceramics at a high school in California for over 30 years. He pointed out that China was one of the world’s leading Elizabeth and Arthur Kraft in cave replica. Photo by Richard Yu. developers of ceramics. As early as the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD), information table at Minneapolis’ of the USCPFA, “From Frenzy to Chinese potters discovered the secret annual Sister Cities Day event. Friendship.” of adding kaolin to petuntse clay to The Hong De Lion Dance Troupe The chapter also planned produce clear white porcelain. The once again proudly represented additional China talks (including Long Beach USCPFA members hope Harbin at the event. Following their a session in late November at the to have more presentations by Harsh performance, our chapter president Minnesota History Theatre with a local on other Chinese arts, as well as a spoke about the warm relationship playwright whose production about survey of Chinese architectural styles. between Minneapolis and Harbin. a Minnesota family’s immigration —Elizabeth Kraft In September, the chapter during the Exclusion Era, “The Paper hosted a dinner for an eight-person Dreams of Harry Chin,” will be staged MIDWEST REGION delegation from Changsha led by there in March 2017), our traditional Ms. Zhong Xinlian, Vice Chairman Chinese New Year banquet and other Minnesota of the Changsha Municipal CPPCC. friendship work. The Minnesota Chapter The delegation also met with St. Paul hosted or participated in several and Minnesota leaders, and visited Every two years, Minneapolis’ events that bolster our mission of the site of the proposed garden. sister city of Harbin, China hosts an promoting friendship and mutual On October 8, the chapter international Summer Music Festival, understanding. In mid-July, the hosted a luncheon for the newly with over 100 music and theater chapter once again floated “Team appointed Consul General of China performing groups from around the Friendship” in the annual Dragon in Chicago, the Hon. Hong Lei, and world. Last August, the Minnesota Boat Festival held at Lake Phalen his delegation. Consul General Hong chapter of the USCPFA arranged for Regional Park in St. Paul. Our diverse had given a lecture at the University and supported a U.S.-based ensemble, team ranged in age from the late teens of Minnesota’s Humphrey School “The Braided Candle,” to attend and to late 60s, and was balanced between the preceding evening, which several perform at the festival. Additional genders, cultural heritage, and day- chapter members attended. support for The Braided Candle’s job backgrounds (but united in its On October 11, the chapter travel was provided by the Mid- enthusiasm). The venue is significant was treated to a lecture by Prof. Atlantic Arts Foundation. to the USCPFA because the St. Paul– Paul Trescott who, with his wife The Braided Candle is a Changsha China Garden is slated to Kitty, visited Minnesota and spoke collaboration between two master be built at Phalen Regional Park. A in our “China Talks” series on his musicians in widely divergent musical week later, the Chapter hosted an new book chronicling the history traditions and genres, who first came

Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 27 Friendship Work

Dragon Boat Team Friendship. Photo by Linda Mealey-Lohmann. together in 2011 to create a unique had journeyed there during the USCPFA-Minnesota escort were hosted blend of traditional Chinese and unsettled late days of Czarist Russia by the Harbin Foreign Affairs Office. traditional Eastern European Jewish and Eastern Europe before the First In addition to giving performances folk music. Gao Hong, a master World War. After World War II and at the Old Synagogue in Harbin (now performer and teacher of the pipa (a the founding of Israel, Harbin’s a renovated musical and theatrical Chinese pear-shaped lute), performs Jewish community shrank and, performance space) and the Small internationally and teaches in the eventually, disappeared as an active Stage at the impressive new Harbin World Music program at Carleton community. Harbin’s Jewish history Music Hall, the hosts arranged for College in Northfield, Minnesota. is well-preserved, however, and it the delegation to attend the opening Steven Greenman composes and provided a unique backdrop to the ceremonies of the festival at Harbin’s performs as a solo violinist with Chinese-Jewish blending of The stunning new Grand Theater on the symphony orchestras as well as Braided Candle’s work. The building north bank of the Songhua River, as ensembles with other musicians known as the “New Synagogue” well as an outstanding jazz concert playing klezmer, Romani and other contains the Harbin Jewish History by the Oleg Lundstrem Jazz Band Eastern European styles. Together, and Culture Museum, an extensive from Russia, and a luncheon with they brought a unique blending collection of photographs, dioramas Gao Huimin, the Director General of of Chinese folk tunes and Eastern and artifacts chronicling the impact the Harbin Foreign Affairs Office, and European and Jewish melodies to and accomplishments of the Jewish several of his colleagues at the historic their August 8 and 9 performances community in Harbin. River Club. The delegation also in Harbin. Greenman also performed In touring the city, the toured Harbin’s historic Zhongyang excerpts from the Butterfly Lovers ensemble was surprised to find a Da Jie (Central Avenue) architectural Violin Concerto, accompanied by large metal sculpture of a violin and district, the Siberian Tiger Preserve local Harbin pianist Li Mengtong. pipa (together with a guitar) in a and the Sun Island scenic park. During the early 20th century, prominent public square near the In connection with the Harbin had an active and vibrant center of Harbin. Summer Music Festival, Harbin Jewish community, many of whom The Braided Candle and their also hosts the Alice and Eleonore

28 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 Friendship Work

Bas relief panel in the Jewish museum in Harbin. Photo by Ralph Beha.

Schoenfeld International String school students, their principal and Teaching Professor, specializing in Competition, and International two teachers arrived on July 19. Central and East Asian studies. Accordion Art Week. The Minnesota The students stayed with American Tom provided interesting Chapter looks forward to continuing host families. The visit began with comments following Trescott’s its tradition of supporting our Sister a welcoming dinner. There were presentation. He recalled how the City’s Summer Music Festival, and to English lessons in the mornings. USCPFA filled a vacuum for the finding new opportunities for cultural Students visited a dairy farm and saw average citizen who, at the time, exchanges. —Ralph Beha the birth of a baby calf. They also had no access to information about visited a Boy Scout camp and a middle China. EASTERN REGION school. Thank you to the Trescotts for On August 22, about a dozen their joint work in bringing a timely Northeast New York USCPFA members and our friends book to our organization and to the A welcome picnic was held on from China attended our annual history of US-China relations. August 27 for incoming and returning China Friendship Night at Hudson —Valerie J. Stern students and scholars who attend Valley Community College to watch colleges and universities in our area. a Minor League baseball game. Our On September 24 we took members explained the basics of the a scenic hike that included visits to game to those who were unfamiliar historic sites. We held a Halloween with baseball. —Kirk Huang party for adults and children on October 29. New York City On June 4 we hiked to Grafton On August 23 the New York If you do not see your Lake State Park. City chapter welcomed Kitty and Paul chapter’s activities Apart from the beautiful Trescott to the Big Apple to celebrate here, please urge your trees and wild flowers, we saw rock the publication of “From Frenzy to formations in the forest—giving us Friendship.” The Trescotts found their chapter’s leadership to the elements of wood and stone. way through New York City in their submit news and After a hike through the woods, we well-traveled vehicle to the restaurant photos to your USCR could smell barbecues in the air as venue. This was not just a book editors often! The we approached Grafton Lake—giving tour. The Trescotts had just been to us the element of fire. We paddled in Niagara Falls, where they spent their publication schedule the water, experiencing the element honeymoon 34 years earlier. and editors’ email of water. Long-time member Tom addresses can be found We held a summer camp Grunfeld was among those in for students from Lishui, Zhejiang attendance. He is a State University at uscpfa.org/uscr.html Province. A group of 22 middle of New York (SUNY) Distinguished Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 29 Center For Teaching About China This list of CTAC materials fea- tures books and activities for children. Teachers might find some of these items useful for their classrooms. They make great gifts. China for Younger Readers, Edited by Ye Yonglie and Wei Wan, Dolphin Books, Beijing, 1989, 59 pages, paper- back, fully illustrated in color, for ages 8–12,………….…...... …...…...... $8.00 This is not a story; this is an introduction to China via 25 short articles. Maps, charts, drawings, and photos help the reader to understand China. Its history, its culture, its natural resources, its geography, its language, its art, its people, and its traditions are presented in a colorful, easy to read manner. As adults you will appreciate the quality of the presentations. Children will learn about the world that is China.

Fun With Tangrams Kit, By Susan Johnston, Dover Publication, NY, 1977, $3.95 There are 120 puzzles with the solutions and two sets of punch-out tangram pieces. The level of difficulty varies so anyone can work with these pieces, doing their best to get the intended results.

A Brocade of the Zhuang Nationality, A Chinese Folk Story, prepared by Wei Xinglang, Xiao Ding, and illustrated by Sun Jingbo, Dolphin Books, Beijing, 1987,………...... …$2.50 The Zhuang minority nationality is known for their beautiful handiwork. This folk story tells how this came to be. Every one of the 38 pages has a full page color presentation of the story. The reading level is about second grade, but it is sure to please younger and older children as well.

Two Masons, A Chinese Folk Story, prepared by Nong Yifu, Sun Jinchang, and illustrated by He Shan and Gui Runnian, Dolphin Books, Beijing, 1988,………………………...... … $5.00 In southern China, there lived a skillful mason. He was offered a job that would pay him well. He dreamed of becoming rich and all that he would do with his money. But it was not to be. His skills were needed to help his people solve a serious problem. The second story deals with a different problem that the mason’s skills are needed to solve. The water was bitter. He carved a goat to help transport him to the place he must go to bring sweet water to his people. Every one of the 70 pages is a full page colored illustration sure to delight the reader. The reading level is second grade, but an artistic treat for everyone.

Feilong: The China Game, created by Mamopalire of Vermont, Inc., $30.00 This game, “The Flying Dragon”, was created by the Asian Studies Center of The University of Vermont in collaboration with Mamopalire of Vermont, Inc. in 2005. It is a question-based board game designed for every- one, age 8 to 80+. Up to eight people can play at one time. There are three levels of questions, similar in style to Trivial Pursuit. Every player has a dragon marker that travels the board as questions are answered from cards drawn from the decks. Each player has eight destinations to reach in course of the game, ultimately landing on the map of China. More than thirty categories of questions provide options for the players. A game can be played in one hour or be prolonged for several hours. What a wonderful way to encourage and support an interest in China. There is an AV catalogue available from CTAC, with a complete listing of AV materials to buy or borrow. Request a complete catalogue of items available via CTAC; the catalogue of all the books and items has been updated. Send this form or an email to Kitty Trescott at The Center For Teaching About China. A catalogue will be mailed to you. Direct any questions to Kitty Trescott at [email protected]. Send payment for above to: CTAC, 1214 West Schwartz, Carbondale, IL 62901

Name ______Address ______City ______State______ZIP______

Phone, email, fax ______30 • US-CHINA REVIEW Winter 2017 US-China Peoples Friendship Regions, Subregions and Local Chapters Association (ANY CHANGES to this list should be sent to [email protected])

EASTERN REGION Chicago Houston-Galleria San Francisco Kailua-Kona Mel Horowitz Michael Zhao A. Cresali Lawell •David Ewing Kent Nakashima 200 VanRensselaer Blvd. 4343 N Western Ave, # 302 2600 Wonder Hill Road 838 Grant Avenue #302 77-6555 Seaview Circle Menands, NY 12204 Chicago, IL 60618-5265 Brenham, TX 77833 San Francisco, CA 94108 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 518-449-8817/fax 244-2361 217-417-3517 [email protected] 415-781-8181 808-329-6024 [email protected] [email protected] Nashville [email protected] [email protected] Eastern Region Office Kansas City Barbara Cobb •Yilla Guan Kauai 720 Massachusetts Avenue Sally Ryan Box 111927 29 Cook Street Phyllis Tokita Cambridge, MA 02139 309 Emanuel Cleaver II Nashville, TN 37222 San Francisco, CA 94118 PO Box 1783 617-491-0577/fax 491-0594 Boulevard, Apt 504 615-833-9512 phone & fax 415-221-3183/fax 753-0656 Lihue, HI 96766-5783 New England Kansas City, MO 64112-1787 [email protected] [email protected] 808-346-1793 Richard Pendleton 816-686-8119 Sarasota South Bay [email protected] 720 Massachusetts Avenue [email protected] Duane Finger •John Marienthal Cambridge, MA 02139 Minnesota 401 27th Street West 1502 Rhinecliff Way 617-491-0577 Ralph Beha Bradenton, FL 34205 San Jose, CA 95126 CHAPTERS THAT HAVE richard_pendleton@ 5040 1st Ave. South 941-539-0504 cell 408-854-0558 WEB PAGES: hms.harvard.edu Minneapolis, MN 55419 [email protected] [email protected] 612-396-0979 NORTHEAST NEW YORK New York City Southeast Florida •Winny Lin www.uscpfany.org Valerie Stern [email protected] •Marge Ketter 4201 Lancelot Drive 400 Central Park W., #9N Owensboro, KY / 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. Concord, CA 94521 MINNESOTA New York, NY 10025 Evansville, IN Jupiter, FL 33458 270-314-4023 www.uscpfa-mn.org 917-941-3695 Beth Hubbard 561-747-9487 phone [email protected] [email protected] 1419 Wright Street 561-745-6189 fax CHICAGO Southern California Northeastern New York Henderson, KY 42420 [email protected] www.uscpfa.org/Chicago Kirk Huang 270-724-0957 •David Pena SUBREGION 25 Mulberry Drive [email protected] 3160 PGA Boulevard Elizabeth D. Kraft OWENSBORO, KY and Albany, NY 12205 Quad Cities Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 412 Emerald Place EVANSVILLE, IN 518-813-9104 Yan Li 561-537-0584 Seal Beach, CA 90740 www.uscpfa.org/owensboro/ [email protected] 4371 Taho Court [email protected] [email protected] index.html Bettendorf, IA 52722 Long Beach Northern New Jersey RICHMOND Dr. Jim H. Lee 563-332-1380 WESTERN REGION Joe Lau [email protected] 1332 Via Romero http://uscpfarichmondva. 24 Gordon Circle Frances Goo com Parsippany, NJ 07054 c/o Guardian Escrow Services Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 973-394-9115 SOUTHERN REGION 2347 S. Beretania St. #200 310-541-9275 [email protected] ATLANTA [email protected] Bob Edwards Honolulu, HI 96826 www.uscpfa-atlanta.org 12 North Lynncrest Drive 808-951-6991 Los Angeles/San Gabriel Portland, Maine Chattanooga, TN 37411 [email protected] Martin Connelly Jason J. Lee SARASOTA 423-698-7339 Utah 301 N. Lake Ave., Suite 202 http://uschinasarasota. 33 Caldwell Street [email protected] Portland, ME 04103 Val Chin / Shirley Smith Pasadena, CA 91101 blogspot.com 207-619-3523 Atlanta 2890 Hackney Court 626-396-9397 [email protected] •Ed Krebs Park City, UT 84060 Fax 626-396-9114 SOUTHEAST FLORIDA 3240 McKown Road 435-640-4626 [email protected] Richmond www.uscpfa-pb.blogspot. Douglasville, GA 30134 [email protected] San Diego com Diana Greer [email protected] 105 Treva Road Alice Hu SOUTH BAY Sandston, VA 23150 •Doug Reynolds Northern CA/Northwest 1467 Via Ronda www.uscpfa-sbay.blog- 804-737-2704 [email protected] SUBREGION San Marcos, CA 92069 spot.com [email protected] Austin John Marienthal 858.246.6165 1502 Rhinecliff Way [email protected] Metro DC George Meyer WASHINGTON, DC 303 S College Street San Jose, CA 95126 Christine D. Brooks 408-854-0558 Hawai’i SUBREGION http://dc.uscpfa.org 1834 Belmont Road NW Georgetown, TX 78626-5104 [email protected] Henry N. Lim Washington, DC 20009-5162 512-863-4930 PO Box 395 202-265-3664 [email protected] North Bay Honolulu, HI 96809-0395 [email protected] Chattanooga John Marienthal 1502 Rhinecliff Way 808-540-1065 Bob and Jan (Chang) Edwards [email protected] MIDWEST REGION #12 North Lynncrest Dr. San Jose, CA 95126 Marcia Cooper Chattanooga, TN 37411 408-854-0558 O’ahu 8718 Metcalf #202 423-698-7339 [email protected] Chu Lan Shubert-Kwock Overland Park KS 66212 [email protected] Portland, Oregon 1181 Wanaka Street 913-341-5996 [email protected] Paul Morris Honolulu, HI 96818 [email protected] 2234 NE 25th Avenue 808-391-4350 Houston [email protected] Carbondale Casey Chenn Portland OR 97212 Kathleen Trescott 6200 Savoy Dr., Unit 328 503-249-3965 Honolulu 1214 West Schwartz Houston, TX 77036 [email protected] Walter T.C.Chang Carbondale, IL 62901 713-553-7833 1268 Young Street, # 301 618-203-1807 [email protected] Honolulu, HI 96814-1801 [email protected] 808-597-8135 (office & fax); 808-772-4528 (home) 2017 is [email protected]. the Year of the Rooster Winter 2017 US-CHINA REVIEW • 31 US-China Non-Profit Organization US Postage Peoples Friendship PAID Permit No. 7117 Association Palatine, Illinois 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. Jupiter, FL 33458

MEMBERSHIP, STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES The US-China Peoples Friendship Association is a non-profit educational organization.Our goal is to build active and lasting friendship based on mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of China. We recognize that friendship between our two peoples must be based on the knowledge of and respect for the sovereignty of each country; therefore, we respect the declaration of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China that the resolution of the status of Taiwan is the internal affair of the Chinese on both ® sides of the Taiwan Straits. We also recognize that friendship between our two peoples and good relations between our two governments plays a critical role in maintaining peace in the Pacific Basin and in the world. As an educational organization, our activities include sponsoring speakers and programs that inform the American people about China, organizing tours and special study groups to China, publishing newsletters and other literature, promoting friendship with Chinese students and scholars while in the United States, and promoting cultural, commercial, technical, and educational exchanges. Everyone is invited to participate in our activities, and anyone who agrees with this Statement of Principles is welcome to join. Subscription to US-China Review is included in membership.

■ I would like to become a member of USCPFA; $24 annual dues per person enclosed. ■ I do not wish to become a member, but would like to receive US-China Review. Regular subscriptions are $38 per year for four issues, $38 for institutions, $49 overseas. ■ Please send a gift subscription to the name and address below. Name______Address______City, State, Zip______Phone ______Interests ______Email (Optional)______How did you learn about us? ______Make checks payable to USCPFA and mail with this form to Marge Ketter, Membership, US-China Peoples Friendship Association, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458. 2017 is the Year of the Rooster

For information about educational tours to China, phone or fax 615-833-9512 or visit our website at www.uscpfa.org.