Phosphate-Doped Borosilicate Enamel Coating Used to Protect Reinforcing Steel from Corrosion
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The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On
The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings. -
Glossary of Terms Abrisa Technologies Your Single Source Optics Partner!
Glossary of Terms Abrisa Technologies Your Single Source Optics Partner! December 2015 200 South Hallock Drive, Santa Paula, CA 93060 • (877) 622-7472 • FAX (805) 525-8604 • www.abrisatechnologies.com Glossary of Terms - 12/15 2 of 13 Acid Etching This process for the decoration of glass involves the application of hydrofluoric acid to the glass surface. Hydrofluoric acid vapors or baths of hydrofluoric acid salts may be used to give glass a matte, frosted appearance (similar to that obtained by surface sandblasting), as found in lighting glass. Glass designs can be produced by coating the glass with wax and then inscribing the desired pattern through the wax layer. When applied, the acid will corrode the glass but not attack the wax-covered areas. Alumina-silicate Glass Alumina (aluminum oxide Al2O3) is added to the glass batch in the form of commonly found feldspars containing alkalis in order to help improve chemical resistance and mechanical strength, and to increase viscosity at lower temperatures. Angle of Incidence The angle formed between a ray of light striking a surface and the normal line (the line perpendicular to the surface at that point). Annealing Under natural conditions, the surface of molten glass will cool more rapidly than the center. This results in internal stress- es which may cause the glass sheet or object to crack, shatter or even explode some time later. The annealing process is designed to eliminate or limit such stresses by submitting the glass to strictly controlled cooling in a special oven known as a “lehr”. Inside the lehr, the glass is allowed to cool to a temperature known as the “annealing point”. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School ADVENTURES IN HIGH DIMENSIONS: UNDERSTANDING GLASS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY A Dissertation in Material Science and Engineering by Collin James Wilkinson © 2021 Collin James Wilkinson Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2021 ii The dissertation of Collin Wilkinson was reviewed and approved by the following: John Mauro Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Chair, Intercollege Graduate Degree Program Associate Head for Graduate Education, Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Seong Kim Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Ismaila Dabo Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Susan Sinnott Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Professor of Chemistry Head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering iii Abstract Glass is infinitely variable. This complexity stands as a promising technology for the 21st century since the need for environmentally friendly materials has reached a critical point due to climate change. However, such a wide range of variability makes new glass compositions difficult to design. The difficulty is only exaggerated when considering that not only is there an infinite variability in the compositional space, but also an infinite variability thermal history of a glass and in the crystallinity of glass-cearmics. This means that even for a simple binary glass there are at least 3 dimensions that have to be optimized. To resolve this difficulty, it is shown that energy landscapes can capture all three sets of complexity (composition, thermal history, and crystallinity). The explicit energy landscape optimization, however, has a large computational cost. -
Understanding Composition–Structure– Bioactivity Correlations
Understanding Composition–Structure– Bioactivity Correlations in Bioactive Glasses Yang Yu Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Chemistry at Stockholm University to be publicly defended on Wednesday 12 December 2018 at 13.00 in De Geersalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14. Abstract Bioactive glasses integrate with bone/tooth tissues by forming a layer of hydroxy-carbonate apatite (HCA), which mimics the composition of bone mineral. In the current thesis, we investigated composition–structure–bioactivity correlations of phosphosilicate and borophosphosilicate (BPS) glasses. Bioactive phosphosilicate glasses extend the compositional space of the ”45S5 Bioglass®”, which has been in clinical use for decades. Recently developed bioactive BPS glasses with SiO2→B2O3 substitutions transform more completely into HCA and their glass dissolution behaviors can be tuned by varying the relative contents of B and Si. It is known that the average silicate network connectivity NSi and the phosphate content (x(P2O5)) affect the apatite formation (in vitro bioactivity) of phosphosilicate glasses, but the details remain poorly explored. Three series of phosphosilicate glasses were designed by independently varying NSi and x(P2O5). After immersion of the glasses in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 hours, different degrees of their apatite formation were quantified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed that a high P content widened the NSi range that generated optimum amounts of apatite and also mitigated the detrimental effects associated with using glass particles with < 50 μm. The amounts of apatite derived from FTIR agreed with those from 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. -
New Glass Review 10.Pdf
'New Glass Review 10J iGl eview 10 . The Corning Museum of Glass NewG lass Review 10 The Corning Museum of Glass Corning, New York 1989 Objects reproduced in this annual review Objekte, die in dieser jahrlich erscheinenden were chosen with the understanding Zeitschrift veroffentlicht werden, wurden unter that they were designed and made within der Voraussetzung ausgewahlt, dal3 sie the 1988 calendar year. innerhalb des Kalenderjahres 1988 entworfen und gefertigt wurden. For additional copies of New Glass Review, Zusatzliche Exemplare des New Glass Review please contact: konnen angefordert werden bei: The Corning Museum of Glass Sales Department One Museum Way Corning, New York 14830-2253 (607) 937-5371 All rights reserved, 1989 Alle Rechtevorbehalten, 1989 The Corning Museum of Glass The Corning Museum of Glass Corning, New York 14830-2253 Corning, New York 14830-2253 Printed in Dusseldorf FRG Gedruckt in Dusseldorf, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Standard Book Number 0-87290-119-X ISSN: 0275-469X Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Aufgefuhrt im Katalog der KongreB-Bucherei 81-641214 unter der Nummer 81-641214 Table of Contents/lnhalt Page/Seite Jury Statements/Statements der Jury 4 Artists and Objects/Kunstler und Objekte 10 Bibliography/Bibliographie 30 A Selective Index of Proper Names and Places/ Verzeichnis der Eigennamen und Orte 53 er Wunsch zu verallgemeinern scheint fast ebenso stark ausgepragt Jury Statements Dzu sein wie der Wunsch sich fortzupflanzen. Jeder mochte wissen, welchen Weg zeitgenossisches Glas geht, wie es in der Kunstwelt bewer- tet wird und welche Stile, Techniken und Lander maBgeblich oder im Ruckgang begriffen sind. Jedesmal, wenn ich mich hinsetze und einen Jurybericht fur New Glass Review schreibe (dies ist mein 13.), winden he desire to generalize must be almost as strong as the desire to und krummen sich meine Gedanken, um aus den tausend und mehr Dias, Tprocreate. -
Vitrification of Historic and Future High Level Nuclear Wastes Within Alkali Borosilicate Glasses
Vitrification of historic and future high level nuclear wastes within alkali borosilicate glasses Andrew James Connelly M.Eng. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Engineering Materials at the University of Sheffield in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2008 The University Of Sheffield. Abstract The disposal of highly radioactive and toxic wastes generated by the nuclear industry is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. Currently, in the UK there is a large legacy waste holding which has been accumulating since nuclear energy was first harnessed during World War 2. Processing of this waste with a view to final disposal is a complex and difficult task. This work investigates one aspect of that process, namely turning this waste into glass (or vitrification). This work uses multiple techniques including x-ray absorption spectroscopy, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamic simulations, to investigate the structural role of Zr02 and U 03 within the alkali borosilicate glass used in the UK for waste immobilisation. The effect of these additions on the bulk glass structure and selected glass properties are also explored. In waste glasses Zr occurs as a 6 co-ordinated Zr ion surrounded by Si, B, Na and Li. The effect of Zr02 additions on the bulk glass structure and properties is highly complex. The addition of Zr02 appears to be characterised by a non-linearity in the trends of certain physical and structural parameters. At low levels of Zr02 the level of leaching from the glasses and the co ordination of B increase. -
Technical Glasses
Technical Glasses Physical and Technical Properties 2 SCHOTT is an international technology group with 130 years of ex perience in the areas of specialty glasses and materials and advanced technologies. With our highquality products and intelligent solutions, we contribute to our customers’ success and make SCHOTT part of everyone’s life. For 130 years, SCHOTT has been shaping the future of glass technol ogy. The Otto Schott Research Center in Mainz is one of the world’s leading glass research institutions. With our development center in Duryea, Pennsylvania (USA), and technical support centers in Asia, North America and Europe, we are present in close proximity to our customers around the globe. 3 Foreword Apart from its application in optics, glass as a technical ma SCHOTT Technical Glasses offers pertinent information in terial has exerted a formative influence on the development concise form. It contains general information for the deter of important technological fields such as chemistry, pharma mination and evaluation of important glass properties and ceutics, automotive, optics, optoelectronics and information also informs about specific chemical and physical character technology. Traditional areas of technical application for istics and possible applications of the commercial technical glass, such as laboratory apparatuses, flat panel displays and glasses produced by SCHOTT. With this brochure, we hope light sources with their various requirements on chemical to assist scientists, engineers, and designers in making the physical properties, have led to the development of a great appropriate choice and make optimum use of SCHOTT variety of special glass types. Through new fields of appli products. cation, particularly in optoelectronics, this variety of glass types and their modes of application have been continually Users should keep in mind that the curves or sets of curves enhanced, and new forming processes have been devel shown in the diagrams are not based on precision measure oped. -
Fabrication and Characteristics of Yb-Doped Silica Fibers Produced by the Sol-Gel Based Granulated Silica Method
fibers Article Fabrication and Characteristics of Yb-Doped Silica Fibers Produced by the Sol-Gel Based Granulated Silica Method Ali El Sayed 1,2,*, Soenke Pilz 1, Hossein Najafi 1, Duncan T. L. Alexander 3,4 , Martin Hochstrasser 5 and Valerio Romano 1,2,* 1 Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 3400 Burgdorf, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.P.); hossein.najafi@bfh.ch (H.N.) 2 Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 3 Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory (LSME), Institute of Physics (IPHYS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; duncan.alexander@epfl.ch 4 Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 5 Reseachem GmbH, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 3400 Burgdorf, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.E.); [email protected] (V.R.); Tel.: +41-34-426-4347 (A.E.); +41-31-631-8940 (V.R.) Received: 7 September 2018; Accepted: 19 October 2018; Published: 23 October 2018 Abstract: Combining the sol-gel method for fiber material production with the granulated silica method for preform assembly results in a robust method that offers a high degree of freedom regarding both the composition and the geometry of the produced fiber. Using this method, two types of Yb-doped silica glass composition, that feature an excess in P concentration with respect to Al, have been prepared. The elemental distributions in a fiber core were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). -
Borosilicate Glass Wafers Are an Inexpensive Alternative
Basics of Microstructuring 01 Chapter MicroChemicals® – Fundamentals of Microstructuring www.microchemicals.com/downloads/application_notes.html PRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF GLASS WAFERS For applications where neither the high dielectric strength of quartz nor the high transparency is in the ultravi- olet, visible or infrared spectral range or the thermal stability of quartz or quartz glass is required, borosilicate glass wafers are an inexpensive alternative. Borosilicate Glass and Ordinary Glass in Comparison Composition Borosilicate glass consists of approximately 80% of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and approximately 5-15% boron trioxide (B2O3). Other additives are alkaline oxide (Na2O, K2O), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and alkaline po- tassium oxide (CaO, MgO). Borosilicate glasses typically have a very low iron content, which causes the typical green colour of window glass in order to increase the transparency. Properties Due to its boron content, borosilicate glass exhibit a higher chemical stability against water, many chemi- cals and pharmaceutical products compared to window glass. In addition, borosilicate glass exhibits signifi cantly higher thermal stability against temperature fl uctua- tions due to its thermal expansion coeffi cients, which are less than half as large as compared to window glass. Production of Glass Wafers For the further processing into glass wafers, specifi c borosilicate glass is produced using the “fl oat pro- cess” (Fig. 37). Hereby the molten glass on melted tin forms a fl oating both-side smooth ribbon with a homogeneous thickness. On its way on the tin bath, the temperature is gradually reduced from 1100 down to 600°C until the sheet can be lifted onto rollers. Glass pane Glass melt Tin melt Fig. -
The Bewildering Array of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Logos and Codes
The Bewildering Array of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Logos and Codes Bill Lockhart and Russ Hoenig [In 2004, Lockhart wrote similar articles about maker’s marks and codes used by the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. for the Society for Historical Archaeology Newsletter and a collectors’ magazine. While these articles contained more detailed information than earlier works (e.g., Toulouse 1971), there were still problems with some of the identifications. The current study corrects the issues and explains past discrepancies. Parts of this study were taken from Lockhart 2007 (online version of 2004 article).] From its beginning in 1929, the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. has been a giant in the bottle and jar industry. Its history (see below) is filled with growth and innovation. As a result, there is probably no way to even estimate the billions of bottles that Owens-Illinois has produced during the more than 80 years of its tenure. That means, of course, that the Owens-Illinois manufacturer’s mark and codes are the most common of all logos found by historical archaeologists in excavations and surveys of post 1930 sites. The study of these marks and codes are therefore of great interest to archaeologists studying material culture. Bottle collectors were the first group outside of the bottle industry to be introduced to the Owens-Illinois codes via a letter from Julian Harrison Toulouse to May Jones, published in Volume 5 of The Bottle Trail (1965). Toulouse served his entire career as an employee of Owens-Illinois, and, as his retirement neared, he wrote numerous articles and two books aimed at bottle collectors. -
Corning's Care and Safe Handling of Glassware Application Note
Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware CONTENTS Glass: The Invisible Container . 1 Glass Technical Data . 2 PYREX ® Glassware . 2 PYREXPLUS ® Glassware . 2 PYREX Low Actinic Glassware . 2 VYCOR ® Glassware . 2 Suggestions for Safe Use of PYREX Glassware . 3 Safely Using Chemicals . 3 Safely Handling Glassware . 3 Heating and Cooling . 4 Autoclaving . 4 Mixing and Stirring . 5 Using Stopcocks . 5 Joining and Separating Glass Apparatus . 5 Using Rubber Stoppers . 6 Vacuum Applications . 6 Suggestions for Safe Use of PYREXPLUS Glassware . 6 Exposure to Heat . 7 Exposure to Cold . 7 Exposure to Chemicals . 7 Exposure to Ultraviolet . 7 Exposure to Microwave . 7 Exposure to Vacuum . 7 Autoclaving . 7 Labeling and Marking . 8 Suggestions for Safe Use of Fritted Glassware . 8 Selecting Fritted Glassware . 8 Proper Care of Fritted Ware . 8 Suggestions for Safe Use of Volumetric Glassware . 9 Types of Volumetric Glassware . 9 Calibrated Glassware Markings . 9 Reading Volumetric Glassware . 9 Suggestions for Cleaning and Storing Glassware . 10 Safety Considerations . 10 Cleaning PYREX Glassware . 10 Cleaning PYREXPLUS Glassware . 12 Cleaning Cell Culture Glassware . 12 Rinsing, Drying and Storing Glassware . 13 Glass Terminology . 13 Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware GLASS: THE INVISIBLE MATERIAL Q PYREX glassware comes in a wide variety of laboratory shapes, sizes and degrees of accuracy — a design to meet From the 16th century to today, chemical researchers have used every experimental need. glass containers for a very basic reason: the glass container is transparent, almost invisible and so its contents and reactions While we feel PYREX laboratory glassware is the best all- within it are clearly visible. -
The Current and Future State-Of-The-Art Glass Optics for Space-Based Astronomical Observatories
The Current and Future State-of-the-art Glass Optics for Space-based Astronomical Observatories Abstract Recent technology advancements show significant promise in the ability to reduce the cost, schedule and risk associated with producing segmented Primary Mirrors (PMs) as well as monolithic optics larger than Hubble Space Telescope (HST) scale to the surface figure and smoothness required of current and future astronomical systems. This paper describes the present state-of-the art technology for glass mirrors at ITT and a path to next generation technology for use in a wide range of applications. In-process development activities will be discussed as well as the areas in which future investments can further enhance glass PM technologies. Active, passive, monolithic, and segmented mirror technologies will be discussed along with some basic descriptions of the different ways by which light-weighted glass mirror blanks are fabricated. There will be an emphasis on Corning’s Ultra Low Expansion (ULE®) and borosilicate optics, with some discussion of glass ceramics and other material substrates. The paper closes with a table that summarizes potential areas of investment that will continue to advance the state of the art for the use of glass and other materials in optical systems. Robert Egerman ITT Corporation 585-269-6148 [email protected] Co-Authors (from ITT) Gary Matthews Jeff Wynn* Charles Kirk Keith Havey *ITT Retiree Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank David Content from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for his continued support of the development of borosilicate corrugated optics and his efforts to further this technology through NASA’s Industrial Partnership Program.