DOCSLIB.ORG

Vitrification of Historic and Future High Level Nuclear Wastes Within Alkali Borosilicate Glasses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vitrification of Historic and Future High Level Nuclear Wastes Within Alkali Borosilicate Glasses Vitrification of historic and future high level nuclear wastes within alkali borosilicate glasses Andrew James Connelly M.Eng. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Engineering Materials at the University of Sheffield in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2008 The University Of Sheffield. Abstract The disposal of highly radioactive and toxic wastes generated by the nuclear industry is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. Currently, in the UK there is a large legacy waste holding which has been accumulating since nuclear energy was first harnessed during World War 2. Processing of this waste with a view to final disposal is a complex and difficult task. This work investigates one aspect of that process, namely turning this waste into glass (or vitrification). This work uses multiple techniques including x-ray absorption spectroscopy, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamic simulations, to investigate the structural role of Zr02 and U 03 within the alkali borosilicate glass used in the UK for waste immobilisation. The effect of these additions on the bulk glass structure and selected glass properties are also explored. In waste glasses Zr occurs as a 6 co-ordinated Zr ion surrounded by Si, B, Na and Li. The effect of Zr02 additions on the bulk glass structure and properties is highly complex. The addition of Zr02 appears to be characterised by a non-linearity in the trends of certain physical and structural parameters. At low levels of Zr02 the level of leaching from the glasses and the co­ ordination of B increase. However, with higher Zr02 contents this trend is reversed. It is believed that the increase in B co-ordination destabilises the glass network and so increases leaching from the glass. Work with Molecular Dynamic (MD) computer simulation of glasses showed the applicability of this approach to nuclear waste glasses and its ability to accurately reproduce changes in glass structure with changing compositions. The possibilities for solubility limit prediction using MD are also shown. In waste glasses U03 is shown to exist as the uranyl (U02)2+ species bound to the glass network. Addition of UO3 to glasses decreases the co-ordination of B requiring 2 moles of alkali oxide to charge compensate its presence within the glass network. This indicates that U acts as an intermediate. Limited leach tests show that the presence of U 03 within the glasses destabilises the formation of a gel layer. Atomyriades Nature, it seems is the popular name for milliards and milliards and milliards of particles playing their infinite game of billiards and billiards and billiards. Piet Hein “A poet once said, 'The whole universe is in a glass of wine.' We will probably never know in what sense he meant that, for poets do not write to be understood. But it is true that if we look at a glass of wine closely enough we see the entire universe. There are the things of physics: the twisting liquid which evaporates depending on the wind and weather, the reflections in the glass, and our imagination adds the atoms. The glass is a distillation of the earth’s rocks, and in its composition we see the secrets of the universe’s age, and the evolution of stars. What strange array of chemicals are in the wine? How did they come to be?... If our small minds, for some convenience, divide this glass of wine, this universe, into parts - physics, biology, geology, astronomy, psychology, and so on - remember that nature does not know it! So let us put it all back together, not forgetting ultimately what it is for. Let it give us one more final pleasure: drink it and forget it all!” R. Feynman The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. 1,1977 3 Acknowledgements Firstly, a big thank you to my supervisors Dr. Neil Hyatt, Dr. Karl Travis, Dr. Russell Hand and Dr. Ewan Maddrell, without whom none of this would have been possible. Thank you for your enthusiastic support, and for putting up with my insistent questioning. I must also thank all the people who have helped me in achieving this piece of work. A big thank you to Dr. Diane Holland and Dr. Ben Parkinson at the University of Warwick for running MAS- NMR experiments and providing lots of advice and useful discussions. A big thank you as well to Dr. David Apperley at the EPSRC MAS-NMR service at the University of Durham for being so understanding about putting radioactive glass in his MAS-NMR spectrometer. Thank you also to Bob Billsborrow at the SRS for his beam line, which produced some great XAS results. Thank you to Oliver Hannant and Dr. Sue Forder and Sheffield Hallam University for the Mossbauer work. Thank you to Paul Bingham for many enthusiastic and interesting conversations on everything glassy. Thank you to Ian “Killer” Watts and Dean Hemlock for some great times glass melting, to Mouldy for mending everything I broke, and Bev Lane for running all the DTA experiments. A big thank you to Andy Brown at the University of Leeds for producing such beautiful images of the active glasses. Also, thank you to Tim Brewer, Lin Marvin and Nick Marsh at the University of Leicester for ICP and XRF analysis. Thanks also goes to the EPSRC and Nexia Solutions Ltd. for funding this project. Thank you to all the guys in the ISL, particularly Ollie, James, Lyubka, Gillian, Laura and everyone else for keeping me sane and putting up with my alternate enthusiasms and stresses. A huge thank you goes to all my friends, particularly Lisa for believing in me and being great, Jo for keeping me sane and being a great friend, Nev for never dropping me and always being up for an adventure, Nat, Harry, and everyone else. Finally, thank you to all my family without whose support and love over the years I wouldn't have been able to get this far and certainly would never have been able to finish. A special thank you to Mum and Dad for always being there when I needed them. I dedicate this to you. 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................12 1.1 Glossary................................................................................................................................14 1.2 Publications and conferences from thesis.........................................................................15 1.2.1 Refereed Papers in Primary Journals - Submitted................................................... 15 1.2.2 Contributions to conferences and meetings - Posters..............................................15 1.2.3 Contributions to conferences and meetings - Talks............................................... 15 2 Literature Review.....................................................................................................16 2.1 Introduction to nuclear energy...........................................................................................16 2.1.1 The nuclear reaction.................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 Fuel rods...................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Nuclear waste...............................................................................................................20 2.1.4 Nuclear waste solutions.............................................................................................. 22 2.1.5 Vitrification.................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Glass structure..................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Borosilicate glass.........................................................................................................26 2.2.2 Alkali borosilicate glasses: chemical durability and structure............................... 29 2.3 Redox and oxygen ion activity.......................................................................................... 33 2.4 Elements in glass.................................................................................................................35 2.4.1 Zirconium (Zr)............................................................................................................. 36 2.4.2 Uranium (U).................................................................................................................43 2.4.3 Chromium (Cr)............................................................................................................ 48 2.4.4 Iron(Fe)........................................................................................................................49 2.5 Glass melting....................................................................................................................... 51 2.5.1 Viscosity....................................................................................................................... 51 2.5.2 Volatilisation........................................................................................................ !......51 2.6 M odelling............................................................................................................................52 2.6.1 Historical perspective..................................................................................................52 2.6.2 Kinetic theory of glass formation.............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Topological Phases, Boson Mode, Immiscibility Window and Structural
    Topological Phases, Boson mode, Immiscibility window and Structural Groupings in Ba-Borate and Ba-Borosilicate glasses A dissertation submitted to Division of Research and Advanced Studies University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) In the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems Of the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences October 2015 by Chad Holbrook M.S., University of Cincinnati, 2007 B.S., Northern Kentucky University, 2003 Committee Chair: Punit Boolchand, Ph.D. i Abstract In a dry ambient,(BaO)x(B2O3)100-x (a pseudo-binary glass system) were synthesized over a wide composition range, 0 mol% < x < 40 mol% , by utilizing induction melting precursors. These high quality glasses were comprehensively examined in Modulated DSC, Raman Scattering, Infrared reflectance experiments. Raman Scattering experiments and the analysis of the symmetric stretch of intra-ring Boron-Oxygen (BO) bonds (A1’) of characteristic “mixed-rings”, permits the identification of Medium Range Structure (MRS) which form in the titled glasses. These modes consist of a triad of modes (705 cm-1, 740 cm-1 and 770 cm-1), and their scattering strengths display a positive correlation to the nucleation of characteristic structural groupings (SGs); analogous to structural groupings found in the corresponding crystalline phases of Barium-Tetraborate (x = 20 mol%), and Barium-Diborate (x = 33 mol%). Identification of the SG’s permit an understanding of the extended range structure apparent in these modified borate glasses. Furthermore, a microscopic understanding of the Immiscibility range in the titled glasses in the 0 mol% < x < 15 mol% range, can be traced to the deficiency of Barium that prohibits nucleation of the Barium-Tetraborate species.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On
    The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms Abrisa Technologies Your Single Source Optics Partner!
    Glossary of Terms Abrisa Technologies Your Single Source Optics Partner! December 2015 200 South Hallock Drive, Santa Paula, CA 93060 • (877) 622-7472 • FAX (805) 525-8604 • www.abrisatechnologies.com Glossary of Terms - 12/15 2 of 13 Acid Etching This process for the decoration of glass involves the application of hydrofluoric acid to the glass surface. Hydrofluoric acid vapors or baths of hydrofluoric acid salts may be used to give glass a matte, frosted appearance (similar to that obtained by surface sandblasting), as found in lighting glass. Glass designs can be produced by coating the glass with wax and then inscribing the desired pattern through the wax layer. When applied, the acid will corrode the glass but not attack the wax-covered areas. Alumina-silicate Glass Alumina (aluminum oxide Al2O3) is added to the glass batch in the form of commonly found feldspars containing alkalis in order to help improve chemical resistance and mechanical strength, and to increase viscosity at lower temperatures. Angle of Incidence The angle formed between a ray of light striking a surface and the normal line (the line perpendicular to the surface at that point). Annealing Under natural conditions, the surface of molten glass will cool more rapidly than the center. This results in internal stress- es which may cause the glass sheet or object to crack, shatter or even explode some time later. The annealing process is designed to eliminate or limit such stresses by submitting the glass to strictly controlled cooling in a special oven known as a “lehr”. Inside the lehr, the glass is allowed to cool to a temperature known as the “annealing point”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School ADVENTURES IN HIGH DIMENSIONS: UNDERSTANDING GLASS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY A Dissertation in Material Science and Engineering by Collin James Wilkinson © 2021 Collin James Wilkinson Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2021 ii The dissertation of Collin Wilkinson was reviewed and approved by the following: John Mauro Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Chair, Intercollege Graduate Degree Program Associate Head for Graduate Education, Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Seong Kim Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Ismaila Dabo Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Susan Sinnott Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Professor of Chemistry Head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering iii Abstract Glass is infinitely variable. This complexity stands as a promising technology for the 21st century since the need for environmentally friendly materials has reached a critical point due to climate change. However, such a wide range of variability makes new glass compositions difficult to design. The difficulty is only exaggerated when considering that not only is there an infinite variability in the compositional space, but also an infinite variability thermal history of a glass and in the crystallinity of glass-cearmics. This means that even for a simple binary glass there are at least 3 dimensions that have to be optimized. To resolve this difficulty, it is shown that energy landscapes can capture all three sets of complexity (composition, thermal history, and crystallinity). The explicit energy landscape optimization, however, has a large computational cost.
    [Show full text]
  • Development, Characterization and Dissolution Behavior of Calcium
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Development, characterization and dissolution behavior of calcium- aluminoborate glass wasteforms to Received: 11 October 2017 Accepted: 12 March 2018 immobilize rare-earth oxides Published: xx xx xxxx Miae Kim1,2, Claire L. Corkhill2, Neil C. Hyatt2 & Jong Heo1 Calcium-aluminoborate (CAB) glasses were developed to sequester new waste compositions made of several rare-earth oxides generated from the pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Several important wasteform properties such as waste loading, processability and chemical durability were evaluated. The maximum waste loading of the CAB compositions was determined to be ~56.8 wt%. Viscosity and the electrical conductivity of the CAB melt at 1300 °C were 7.817 Pa·s and 0.4603 S/cm, respectively, which satisfes the conditions for commercial cold-crucible induction melting (CCIM) process. Addition of rare-earth oxides to CAB glasses resulted in dramatic decreases in the elemental releases of B and Ca in aqueous dissolution experiments. Normalized elemental releases from product consistency standard chemical durability test were <3.62·10−5 g·m−2 for Nd, 0.009 g·m−2 for Al, 0.067 g·m−2 for B and 0.073 g·m−2 for Ca (at 90, after 7 days, for SA/V = 2000m−1); all meet European and US regulation limits. After 20 d of dissolution, a hydrated alteration layer of ~ 200-nm-thick, Ca- depleted and Nd-rich, was formed at the surface of CAB glasses with 20 mol% Nd2O3 whereas boehmite [AlO(OH)] secondary crystalline phases were formed in pure CAB glass that contained no Nd2O3.
    [Show full text]
  • New Glass Review 10.Pdf
    'New Glass Review 10J iGl eview 10 . The Corning Museum of Glass NewG lass Review 10 The Corning Museum of Glass Corning, New York 1989 Objects reproduced in this annual review Objekte, die in dieser jahrlich erscheinenden were chosen with the understanding Zeitschrift veroffentlicht werden, wurden unter that they were designed and made within der Voraussetzung ausgewahlt, dal3 sie the 1988 calendar year. innerhalb des Kalenderjahres 1988 entworfen und gefertigt wurden. For additional copies of New Glass Review, Zusatzliche Exemplare des New Glass Review please contact: konnen angefordert werden bei: The Corning Museum of Glass Sales Department One Museum Way Corning, New York 14830-2253 (607) 937-5371 All rights reserved, 1989 Alle Rechtevorbehalten, 1989 The Corning Museum of Glass The Corning Museum of Glass Corning, New York 14830-2253 Corning, New York 14830-2253 Printed in Dusseldorf FRG Gedruckt in Dusseldorf, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Standard Book Number 0-87290-119-X ISSN: 0275-469X Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Aufgefuhrt im Katalog der KongreB-Bucherei 81-641214 unter der Nummer 81-641214 Table of Contents/lnhalt Page/Seite Jury Statements/Statements der Jury 4 Artists and Objects/Kunstler und Objekte 10 Bibliography/Bibliographie 30 A Selective Index of Proper Names and Places/ Verzeichnis der Eigennamen und Orte 53 er Wunsch zu verallgemeinern scheint fast ebenso stark ausgepragt Jury Statements Dzu sein wie der Wunsch sich fortzupflanzen. Jeder mochte wissen, welchen Weg zeitgenossisches Glas geht, wie es in der Kunstwelt bewer- tet wird und welche Stile, Techniken und Lander maBgeblich oder im Ruckgang begriffen sind. Jedesmal, wenn ich mich hinsetze und einen Jurybericht fur New Glass Review schreibe (dies ist mein 13.), winden he desire to generalize must be almost as strong as the desire to und krummen sich meine Gedanken, um aus den tausend und mehr Dias, Tprocreate.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Glasses
    Technical Glasses Physical and Technical Properties 2 SCHOTT is an international technology group with 130 years of ex­ perience in the areas of specialty glasses and materials and advanced technologies. With our high­quality products and intelligent solutions, we contribute to our customers’ success and make SCHOTT part of everyone’s life. For 130 years, SCHOTT has been shaping the future of glass technol­ ogy. The Otto Schott Research Center in Mainz is one of the world’s leading glass research institutions. With our development center in Duryea, Pennsylvania (USA), and technical support centers in Asia, North America and Europe, we are present in close proximity to our customers around the globe. 3 Foreword Apart from its application in optics, glass as a technical ma­ SCHOTT Technical Glasses offers pertinent information in terial has exerted a formative influence on the development concise form. It contains general information for the deter­ of important technological fields such as chemistry, pharma­ mination and evaluation of important glass properties and ceutics, automotive, optics, optoelectronics and information also informs about specific chemical and physical character­ technology. Traditional areas of technical application for istics and possible applications of the commercial technical glass, such as laboratory apparatuses, flat panel displays and glasses produced by SCHOTT. With this brochure, we hope light sources with their various requirements on chemical­ to assist scientists, engineers, and designers in making the physical properties, have led to the development of a great appropriate choice and make optimum use of SCHOTT variety of special glass types. Through new fields of appli­ products. cation, particularly in optoelectronics, this variety of glass types and their modes of application have been continually Users should keep in mind that the curves or sets of curves enhanced, and new forming processes have been devel­ shown in the diagrams are not based on precision measure­ oped.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallization Behavior of New Transparent Glass-Ceramics Based on Barium Borate Glasses
    Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 116 [5] 624-631 2008 Paper Crystallization behavior of new transparent glass-ceramics based on barium borate glasses Fatma Hassan MARGHA,*,** Salwa Abdel-Hameed Mohamed ABDEL-HAMEED,* Nagwa Abd El-Shafy GHONIM,* Shigeo SATOKAWA**,† and Toshinori KOJIMA** *Glass Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt **Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan This paper describes the preparation of several new transparent and very fine crystal glass-ceramics from the BaO–B2O3 system utilizing an appropriate additive of fluorides, partial replacement of B2O3 by SiO2, and introducing nucleating agents, such as TiO2. The physical properties of the prepared materials and the changes with varying base glass compositions and heat treatment programs were investigated. The thermal behavior and microstructure of the developed phases were characterized using DTA, XRD, and SEM. Glass-ceramics with marked transparency were prepared. These transparent derivatives owe their transparency to the distinctive properties of the nano-crystalline samples. The dielectric constant of transparent glass- ceramics samples at 100 kHZ were between 14–20, which is very suitable for a wide range of applications, such as the high- – speed switching of large-scale integrators. It was found that the addition of F and SiO2 greatly influenced the transparency of the produced glass-ceramics. Also, the addition of TiO2 greatly enhanced transparency, in spite of increasing cutoff in the UV region to a higher wavelength. ©2008 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved. Key-words : Glass-ceramics, Transparent, Barium borate, Dielectric [Received December 8, 2007; Accepted March 21, 2008] ride crystal phase, offer an economical alternative with substan- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Open THESIS-Nsmith-Vfinal.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF GLASS BY THERMO-ELECTRIC POLING A Dissertation in Materials Science and Engineering by Nicholas J. Smith 2011 Nicholas J. Smith Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 ii The dissertation of Nicholas J. Smith was reviewed and approved* by the following: Carlo G. Pantano Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Michael T. Lanagan Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Venkatraman Gopalan Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Seong H. Kim Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Gary L. Messing Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Many new and emerging applications of glass rely critically on surface properties, and have led to an ever-increasing demand for methods to controllably modify glass surfaces as a pathway to enhanced properties. The genesis of this thesis arose from such pursuits, wherein the thermo-electric poling of glass—encompassing treatment with high voltage and blocking electrodes at moderate temperatures—was found to provide a fertile research area. Versatile in its application to a variety of glasses, as well as the diversity of phenomena it produces, several novel approaches to the thermo-electric
    [Show full text]
  • Borosilicate Glass Wafers Are an Inexpensive Alternative
    Basics of Microstructuring 01 Chapter MicroChemicals® – Fundamentals of Microstructuring www.microchemicals.com/downloads/application_notes.html PRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF GLASS WAFERS For applications where neither the high dielectric strength of quartz nor the high transparency is in the ultravi- olet, visible or infrared spectral range or the thermal stability of quartz or quartz glass is required, borosilicate glass wafers are an inexpensive alternative. Borosilicate Glass and Ordinary Glass in Comparison Composition Borosilicate glass consists of approximately 80% of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and approximately 5-15% boron trioxide (B2O3). Other additives are alkaline oxide (Na2O, K2O), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and alkaline po- tassium oxide (CaO, MgO). Borosilicate glasses typically have a very low iron content, which causes the typical green colour of window glass in order to increase the transparency. Properties Due to its boron content, borosilicate glass exhibit a higher chemical stability against water, many chemi- cals and pharmaceutical products compared to window glass. In addition, borosilicate glass exhibits signifi cantly higher thermal stability against temperature fl uctua- tions due to its thermal expansion coeffi cients, which are less than half as large as compared to window glass. Production of Glass Wafers For the further processing into glass wafers, specifi c borosilicate glass is produced using the “fl oat pro- cess” (Fig. 37). Hereby the molten glass on melted tin forms a fl oating both-side smooth ribbon with a homogeneous thickness. On its way on the tin bath, the temperature is gradually reduced from 1100 down to 600°C until the sheet can be lifted onto rollers. Glass pane Glass melt Tin melt Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • To Technical Glasses Catalogue
    Technical Glasses Physical and Technical Properties 2 SCHOTT is a leading international technology group in the areas of specialty glass and glass-ceramics. With more than 130 years of outstanding development, materials and technology expertise we offer a broad portfolio of high-quality products and intelligent solutions that contribute to our customers’ success. For 130 years, SCHOTT has been shaping the future of glass technol- ogy. The Otto Schott Research Center in Mainz is one of the world’s leading glass research institutions. With our development center in Duryea, Pennsylvania (USA), and technical support centers in Asia, North America and Europe, we are present in close proximity to our customers around the globe. 3 Foreword Apart from its application in optics, glass as a technical ma- SCHOTT Technical Glasses offers pertinent information in terial has exerted a formative influence on the development concise form. It contains general information for the deter- of important technological fields such as chemistry, pharma- mination and evaluation of important glass properties and ceutics, automotive, optics, optoelectronics and information also informs about specific chemical and physical character- technology. Traditional areas of technical application for istics and possible applications of the commercial technical glass, such as laboratory apparatuses, flat panel displays and glasses produced by SCHOTT. With this brochure, we hope light sources with their various requirements on chemical- to assist scientists, engineers, and designers in making the physical properties, have led to the development of a great appropriate choice and make optimum use of SCHOTT variety of special glass types. Through new fields of appli- products.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Striking Red Glass Fabrication at Low Temperature Using Gold Nanoparticles
    Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.28 No.2 pp.27-32, 2018 Self-striking red glass fabrication at low temperature using gold nanoparticles Yotsakit RUANGTAWEEP1,2,*, Jakrapong KAEWKHAO1,3 and Narong SANGWARANTEE4,* 1Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University,Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 2Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 3Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 4Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received date: Abstract 9 May 2018 Revised date: This research is intended to determine the appropriate condition for gold ruby 24 May 2018 glass production at low temperature. The effects of reducing agent (SnO2 and SeO2) Accepted date: concentrations on coloration of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) in glass samples have 29 September 2018 been investigated. The glasses with chemical compositions of SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, CaO, K2O, Sb2O3, SnO2, SeO2 and AuNPs were fabricated by conventional Keywords: Gold nanoparticles melt-quench technique at 1,200C in normal atmosphere. The results found that the Reducing agent red glasses were obtained by SnO2 with concentration of 0.5 wt% and SeO2 with Red glasses concentration of 0.05 wt%. The color of glasses were confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 300-1100 nm and color coordinate in CIE L*a*b* system. Moreover, the color of glasses were obtained immediately when took the glass out of furnace without second heat treatment.
    [Show full text]