DOCSLIB.ORG

Open THESIS-Nsmith-Vfinal.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Open THESIS-Nsmith-Vfinal.Pdf The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF GLASS BY THERMO-ELECTRIC POLING A Dissertation in Materials Science and Engineering by Nicholas J. Smith 2011 Nicholas J. Smith Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 ii The dissertation of Nicholas J. Smith was reviewed and approved* by the following: Carlo G. Pantano Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Michael T. Lanagan Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Venkatraman Gopalan Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Seong H. Kim Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Gary L. Messing Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Many new and emerging applications of glass rely critically on surface properties, and have led to an ever-increasing demand for methods to controllably modify glass surfaces as a pathway to enhanced properties. The genesis of this thesis arose from such pursuits, wherein the thermo-electric poling of glass—encompassing treatment with high voltage and blocking electrodes at moderate temperatures—was found to provide a fertile research area. Versatile in its application to a variety of glasses, as well as the diversity of phenomena it produces, several novel approaches to the thermo-electric treatments of multicomponent glass are carried out in this work. This included (1) poling to produce normally-forbidden, second-order nonlinearity in high breakdown strength glasses as a potential avenue to greater nonlinear coefficients; (2) capitalizing on poling-induced modifications toward the novel end of manipulating the observed breakdown strength of glass; and (3) venturing outside the “typical” parameter space of poling treatments in order to realize even greater modifications to surface composition and structure by electrolyzing the glass network. The primary outcome for the first study indicates that, contrary to the usual assumption, the stored internal field from poling is limited to a substantial fraction of the intrinsic breakdown strength, and seemingly in a broad range of glass systems. This is most likely due to nonlinear conduction effects at the high poling temperatures. Meanwhile, the results of the second study indicate that the observed breakdown strength of glass is minimally influenced by the presence of a stored space charge field, and is likely attributable to the presence of the modified surface layer concentrating the applied voltage. The results of the last study provide the most intriguing possibilities for extensive and stable surface modification. Applied to a model alkali-free glass, a nanoscale layer is formed adjacent to the anodic surface composed of essentially only network-forming elements, and whose formation is attributed to the electrolytic migration of both cationic and anionic species within the glass network. This technique has significant potential for creating novel surface structures and compositions, anticipated applicability to a wide variety of glass compositions, and extensively modified transport and corrosion-resistance properties. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... VI LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... XIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... XV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES .................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND REVIEW .......................................................................... 5 2.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5 2.2. THERMO-ELECTRIC TREATMENT OF GLASS: A ROADMAP .............................. 8 2.2.1. ELECTRODE AND ATMOSPHERE CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 9 2.2.2. ION-MIGRATION PROCESSES IN GLASS WITH BLOCKING ELECTRODES ........................................................................................... 12 2.3. THERMAL POLING FOR SECOND-ORDER NONLINEARITY ................................ 16 2.4. STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION BY THERMO-ELECTRIC TREATMENT ................. 21 2.5. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 3: THERMAL POLING OF ALKALI-FREE DISPLAY GLASSES WITH HIGH BREAKDOWN STRENGTH ....................................................................................... 27 3.1. ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... 27 3.2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 27 3.3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 29 3.4. RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 33 3.5. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 41 3.5.1. SECOND-ORDER NONLINEARITY AND EDC VERSUS BREAKDOWN .......... 41 3.5.2. CHARGE MIGRATION CONSIDERATIONS ............................................... 46 3.6. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4: DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH OF ALKALI-FREE GLASS WITH SURFACE MODIFIED BY THERMAL POLING ............................................................ 50 4.1. ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... 50 4.2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 50 4.3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 53 4.4. RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 58 4.4.1. BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS AND BREAKDOWN STRENGTH OF UNPOLED GLASS ..................................................................................... 58 4.4.2. THERMALLY POLED THIN GLASS AND BREAKDOWN STRENGTH .......... 70 4.5. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 75 4.6. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 79 v CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL AND COMPOSITIONAL MODIFICATION OF MULTICOMPONENT GLASS SURFACES BY THERMO-ELECTRIC POLING ................. 81 5.1. ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... 81 5.2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 81 5.2.1. OPTIMIZING FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION ........................................... 84 5.2.2. APPLICATION TO A MODEL GLASS SYSTEM .......................................... 86 5.3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 88 5.3.1. SAMPLE AND THERMO-ELECTRIC TREATMENT PARAMETERS .............. 88 5.3.2. ANALYTICAL METHODS ....................................................................... 91 5.4. RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 97 5.4.1. SURFACE COMPOSITIONAL MODIFICATION CORRELATED TO ANODIC OXIDATION .............................................................................................. 97 5.4.1. STRUCTURE OF MODIFIED GLASS SURFACE LAYERS ............................ 112 5.5. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 132 5.5.1. OVERVIEW OF EVIDENCE FOR ELECTROLYSIS ....................................... 132 5.5.2. GLASS STRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 135 5.6. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 140 CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK ............................................................. 141 APPENDIX A. SUMMARY OF ALKALI-FREE DISPLAY GLASS COMPOSITIONS ............. 143 APPENDIX B. VALIDATION OF INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THIN GLASS USING INFRARED MICROSCOPY .............................................................................. 146 APPENDIX C. DECONVOLUTION OF BARIUM 4P AND BORON 1S PEAKS IN QUANTIFICATION OF XPS FOR MULTICOMPONENT GLASS .................................... 150 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 159 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Schematic of thermo-electric treatment process. ..................................... 8 Figure 2-2: Concentration profiles of Na, Ca, and H for the anodic surfaces of poled soda-lime glass. (a) Profile with Al press contact electrodes and no effort to mitigate H+ injection; (b) evaporated Al/Cu bilayer electrodes, shown to effectively block H+ injection from the poling atmosphere; (c) a sample pre-etched with HF to remove hydrated surface layer prior to Al/Cu film deposition
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Topological Phases, Boson Mode, Immiscibility Window and Structural
    Topological Phases, Boson mode, Immiscibility window and Structural Groupings in Ba-Borate and Ba-Borosilicate glasses A dissertation submitted to Division of Research and Advanced Studies University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) In the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems Of the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences October 2015 by Chad Holbrook M.S., University of Cincinnati, 2007 B.S., Northern Kentucky University, 2003 Committee Chair: Punit Boolchand, Ph.D. i Abstract In a dry ambient,(BaO)x(B2O3)100-x (a pseudo-binary glass system) were synthesized over a wide composition range, 0 mol% < x < 40 mol% , by utilizing induction melting precursors. These high quality glasses were comprehensively examined in Modulated DSC, Raman Scattering, Infrared reflectance experiments. Raman Scattering experiments and the analysis of the symmetric stretch of intra-ring Boron-Oxygen (BO) bonds (A1’) of characteristic “mixed-rings”, permits the identification of Medium Range Structure (MRS) which form in the titled glasses. These modes consist of a triad of modes (705 cm-1, 740 cm-1 and 770 cm-1), and their scattering strengths display a positive correlation to the nucleation of characteristic structural groupings (SGs); analogous to structural groupings found in the corresponding crystalline phases of Barium-Tetraborate (x = 20 mol%), and Barium-Diborate (x = 33 mol%). Identification of the SG’s permit an understanding of the extended range structure apparent in these modified borate glasses. Furthermore, a microscopic understanding of the Immiscibility range in the titled glasses in the 0 mol% < x < 15 mol% range, can be traced to the deficiency of Barium that prohibits nucleation of the Barium-Tetraborate species.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On
    The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • Development, Characterization and Dissolution Behavior of Calcium
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Development, characterization and dissolution behavior of calcium- aluminoborate glass wasteforms to Received: 11 October 2017 Accepted: 12 March 2018 immobilize rare-earth oxides Published: xx xx xxxx Miae Kim1,2, Claire L. Corkhill2, Neil C. Hyatt2 & Jong Heo1 Calcium-aluminoborate (CAB) glasses were developed to sequester new waste compositions made of several rare-earth oxides generated from the pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Several important wasteform properties such as waste loading, processability and chemical durability were evaluated. The maximum waste loading of the CAB compositions was determined to be ~56.8 wt%. Viscosity and the electrical conductivity of the CAB melt at 1300 °C were 7.817 Pa·s and 0.4603 S/cm, respectively, which satisfes the conditions for commercial cold-crucible induction melting (CCIM) process. Addition of rare-earth oxides to CAB glasses resulted in dramatic decreases in the elemental releases of B and Ca in aqueous dissolution experiments. Normalized elemental releases from product consistency standard chemical durability test were <3.62·10−5 g·m−2 for Nd, 0.009 g·m−2 for Al, 0.067 g·m−2 for B and 0.073 g·m−2 for Ca (at 90, after 7 days, for SA/V = 2000m−1); all meet European and US regulation limits. After 20 d of dissolution, a hydrated alteration layer of ~ 200-nm-thick, Ca- depleted and Nd-rich, was formed at the surface of CAB glasses with 20 mol% Nd2O3 whereas boehmite [AlO(OH)] secondary crystalline phases were formed in pure CAB glass that contained no Nd2O3.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitrification of Historic and Future High Level Nuclear Wastes Within Alkali Borosilicate Glasses
    Vitrification of historic and future high level nuclear wastes within alkali borosilicate glasses Andrew James Connelly M.Eng. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Engineering Materials at the University of Sheffield in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2008 The University Of Sheffield. Abstract The disposal of highly radioactive and toxic wastes generated by the nuclear industry is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. Currently, in the UK there is a large legacy waste holding which has been accumulating since nuclear energy was first harnessed during World War 2. Processing of this waste with a view to final disposal is a complex and difficult task. This work investigates one aspect of that process, namely turning this waste into glass (or vitrification). This work uses multiple techniques including x-ray absorption spectroscopy, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamic simulations, to investigate the structural role of Zr02 and U 03 within the alkali borosilicate glass used in the UK for waste immobilisation. The effect of these additions on the bulk glass structure and selected glass properties are also explored. In waste glasses Zr occurs as a 6 co-ordinated Zr ion surrounded by Si, B, Na and Li. The effect of Zr02 additions on the bulk glass structure and properties is highly complex. The addition of Zr02 appears to be characterised by a non-linearity in the trends of certain physical and structural parameters. At low levels of Zr02 the level of leaching from the glasses and the co­ ordination of B increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallization Behavior of New Transparent Glass-Ceramics Based on Barium Borate Glasses
    Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 116 [5] 624-631 2008 Paper Crystallization behavior of new transparent glass-ceramics based on barium borate glasses Fatma Hassan MARGHA,*,** Salwa Abdel-Hameed Mohamed ABDEL-HAMEED,* Nagwa Abd El-Shafy GHONIM,* Shigeo SATOKAWA**,† and Toshinori KOJIMA** *Glass Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt **Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan This paper describes the preparation of several new transparent and very fine crystal glass-ceramics from the BaO–B2O3 system utilizing an appropriate additive of fluorides, partial replacement of B2O3 by SiO2, and introducing nucleating agents, such as TiO2. The physical properties of the prepared materials and the changes with varying base glass compositions and heat treatment programs were investigated. The thermal behavior and microstructure of the developed phases were characterized using DTA, XRD, and SEM. Glass-ceramics with marked transparency were prepared. These transparent derivatives owe their transparency to the distinctive properties of the nano-crystalline samples. The dielectric constant of transparent glass- ceramics samples at 100 kHZ were between 14–20, which is very suitable for a wide range of applications, such as the high- – speed switching of large-scale integrators. It was found that the addition of F and SiO2 greatly influenced the transparency of the produced glass-ceramics. Also, the addition of TiO2 greatly enhanced transparency, in spite of increasing cutoff in the UV region to a higher wavelength. ©2008 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved. Key-words : Glass-ceramics, Transparent, Barium borate, Dielectric [Received December 8, 2007; Accepted March 21, 2008] ride crystal phase, offer an economical alternative with substan- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • To Technical Glasses Catalogue
    Technical Glasses Physical and Technical Properties 2 SCHOTT is a leading international technology group in the areas of specialty glass and glass-ceramics. With more than 130 years of outstanding development, materials and technology expertise we offer a broad portfolio of high-quality products and intelligent solutions that contribute to our customers’ success. For 130 years, SCHOTT has been shaping the future of glass technol- ogy. The Otto Schott Research Center in Mainz is one of the world’s leading glass research institutions. With our development center in Duryea, Pennsylvania (USA), and technical support centers in Asia, North America and Europe, we are present in close proximity to our customers around the globe. 3 Foreword Apart from its application in optics, glass as a technical ma- SCHOTT Technical Glasses offers pertinent information in terial has exerted a formative influence on the development concise form. It contains general information for the deter- of important technological fields such as chemistry, pharma- mination and evaluation of important glass properties and ceutics, automotive, optics, optoelectronics and information also informs about specific chemical and physical character- technology. Traditional areas of technical application for istics and possible applications of the commercial technical glass, such as laboratory apparatuses, flat panel displays and glasses produced by SCHOTT. With this brochure, we hope light sources with their various requirements on chemical- to assist scientists, engineers, and designers in making the physical properties, have led to the development of a great appropriate choice and make optimum use of SCHOTT variety of special glass types. Through new fields of appli- products.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Striking Red Glass Fabrication at Low Temperature Using Gold Nanoparticles
    Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.28 No.2 pp.27-32, 2018 Self-striking red glass fabrication at low temperature using gold nanoparticles Yotsakit RUANGTAWEEP1,2,*, Jakrapong KAEWKHAO1,3 and Narong SANGWARANTEE4,* 1Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University,Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 2Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 3Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 4Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received date: Abstract 9 May 2018 Revised date: This research is intended to determine the appropriate condition for gold ruby 24 May 2018 glass production at low temperature. The effects of reducing agent (SnO2 and SeO2) Accepted date: concentrations on coloration of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) in glass samples have 29 September 2018 been investigated. The glasses with chemical compositions of SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, CaO, K2O, Sb2O3, SnO2, SeO2 and AuNPs were fabricated by conventional Keywords: Gold nanoparticles melt-quench technique at 1,200C in normal atmosphere. The results found that the Reducing agent red glasses were obtained by SnO2 with concentration of 0.5 wt% and SeO2 with Red glasses concentration of 0.05 wt%. The color of glasses were confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 300-1100 nm and color coordinate in CIE L*a*b* system. Moreover, the color of glasses were obtained immediately when took the glass out of furnace without second heat treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Glass and Glass-Ceramics
    Chapter 3 Sintering and Microstructure of Ceramics 3.1. Sintering and microstructure of ceramics We saw in Chapter 1 that sintering is at the heart of ceramic processes. However, as sintering takes place only in the last of the three main stages of the process (powders o forming o heat treatments), one might be surprised to see that the place devoted to it in written works is much greater than that devoted to powder preparation and forming stages. This is perhaps because sintering involves scientific considerations more directly, whereas the other two stages often stress more technical observations M in the best possible meaning of the term, but with manufacturing secrets and industrial property aspects that are not compatible with the dissemination of knowledge. However, there is more: being the last of the three stages M even though it may be followed by various finishing treatments (rectification, decoration, deposit of surfacing coatings, etc.) M sintering often reveals defects caused during the preceding stages, which are generally optimized with respect to sintering, which perfects them M for example, the granularity of the powders directly impacts on the densification and grain growth, so therefore the success of the powder treatment is validated by the performances of the sintered part. Sintering allows the consolidation M the non-cohesive granular medium becomes a cohesive material M whilst organizing the microstructure (size and shape of the grains, rate and nature of the porosity, etc.). However, the microstructure determines to a large extent the performances of the material: all the more reason why sintering Chapter written by Philippe BOCH and Anne LERICHE.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Earth-Doped Glass-Ceramic Scintillators As X-Ray Flat Panel Detector Substrates
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2021 Rare Earth-Doped Glass-Ceramic Scintillators as X-Ray Flat Panel Detector Substrates Austin M. Thomas The University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics Commons, and the Ceramic Materials Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Austin M., "Rare Earth-Doped Glass-Ceramic Scintillators as X-Ray Flat Panel Detector Substrates. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/6219 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Austin M. Thomas entitled "Rare Earth-Doped Glass-Ceramic Scintillators as X-Ray Flat Panel Detector Substrates." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Biomedical Engineering. Jacqueline A. Johnson, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Jacqueline A. Johnson, Russell L. Leonard, Feng-Yuan Zhang Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Rare Earth-Doped Glass-Ceramic Scintillators as X-Ray Flat Panel Detector Substrates A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Austin Michael Thomas May 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by giving my thanks to my academic advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Study of Wound-Healing Capabilities of Bioactive Glass Fibers Under Ariousv Culture Conditions
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 2015 In vitro study of wound-healing capabilities of bioactive glass fibers under ariousv culture conditions Sisi Chen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons, and the Chemistry Commons Department: Recommended Citation Chen, Sisi, "In vitro study of wound-healing capabilities of bioactive glass fibers under ariousv culture conditions" (2015). Masters Theses. 7703. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7703 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IN VITRO STUDY OF WOUND-HEALING CAPABILITIES OF BIOACTIVE GLASS FIBERS UNDER VARIOUS CULTURE CONDITIONS by SISI CHEN A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY 2015 Approved by Yinfa Ma, Advisor Honglan Shi, Co-advisor Klaus Woelk 2015 Sisi Chen All Rights Reserved iii PUBLICATION THESIS OPTION This thesis has been prepared in the style utilized by the Journal of Acta Biomaterialia. Pages 1-29 will be submitted for publication in that journal. iv ABSTRACT Bioactive borate glass has been recognized to have both hard and soft tissue repair and regeneration capabilities through stimulating both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the underlying physiological and cellular mechanism behind this function remains unclear.
    [Show full text]
  • Lead Borate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Singly Doped with Dy3+ for White Leds
    materials Article Lead Borate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Singly Doped with Dy3+ for White LEDs Agata Górny *, Marta Kuwik , Wojciech A. Pisarski and Joanna Pisarska * Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (W.A.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (J.P.) Received: 24 September 2020; Accepted: 4 November 2020; Published: 7 November 2020 Abstract: In this paper, some series of lead borate glasses and glass ceramics singly doped with Dy3+ ions were prepared and then studied using spectroscopic techniques. Our research includes mainly studies of the luminescence properties of received materials for white light. The luminescence bands associated with the characteristic 4F 6H (blue), 4F 6H (yellow) 9/2! 15/2 9/2! 13/2 and 4F 6H (red) transitions of trivalent dysprosium in lead borate systems are well observed. 9/2! 11/2 In particular, the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were calculated in relation to potential applications for white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs). Their values depend on the relative B2O3/PbO ratios and PbX2 contents (where X = Cl, F, Br) in glass composition. For glass-ceramics, the chromaticity coordinates are changed significantly under different excitation wavelengths. Keywords: lead borate glasses; glass-ceramics; dysprosium ions; white luminescence 1. Introduction Rare earth doped inorganic glasses are promising amorphous materials for tricolor W-LEDs (white light emitting diodes), solid-state lasers emitting visible light or near-infrared radiation, and other optoelectronic device applications [1–5].
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Surface Chemical Reactivity and Optical Properties in Glasses
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2016 Design of surface chemical reactivity and optical properties in glasses Antoine Lepicard University of Central Florida Part of the Engineering Science and Materials Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lepicard, Antoine, "Design of surface chemical reactivity and optical properties in glasses" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5264. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5264 DESIGN OF SURFACE CHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES IN GLASSES by ANTOINE M.J. LEPICARD M.S. ENSCI, FRANCE, 2013 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2016 Major Professor: Kathleen A. Richardson ABSTRACT Thermal poling is a technique which involves the application of a strong DC electric field to a glass substrate heated below its glass transition temperature (Tg). Following the treatment, a static electric field is frozen inside the glass matrix, effectively breaking its centrosymmetry. Historically, this treatment has been used as a way to gain access to second order non-linear optical properties in glasses.
    [Show full text]