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Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass- Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity

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Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass- Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by IR@CGCRI - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR) Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society ISSN: 0371-750X (Print) 2165-5456 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcer20 Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass- Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity Arnab Mahato, Biswanath Kundu, Prasenjit Mukherjee & Samit Kumar Nandi To cite this article: Arnab Mahato, Biswanath Kundu, Prasenjit Mukherjee & Samit Kumar Nandi (2017): Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity, Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, DOI: 10.1080/0371750X.2017.1360799 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750X.2017.1360799 Published online: 12 Sep 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tcer20 Download by: [University of Sussex Library] Date: 19 September 2017, At: 07:12 Trans. Ind. Ceram. Soc., vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 149-158 (2017). © 2017 Indian Ceramic Society Topical Reviews ISSN 0371-750X (Print), ISSN 2165-5456 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750X.2017.1360799 Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity Arnab Mahato1, Biswanath Kundu,1, * Prasenjit Mukherjee2 and Samit Kumar Nandi3 1Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India 2Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, India 3Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India [MS received December 06, 2016; Revised copy received July 21, 2017; Accepted July 24, 2017] ABSTRACT Throughout the world, research has been carried out in development of new methods SiO and materials involving multidisciplinary approach for effective bone tissue repair 2 and regeneration. Amid various biomaterials, bioactive glass material has drawn considerable attention due to their superior biocompatibility, degradability, ion leaching A-WGC I =10 phenomena and propagation of osteogenic cells. In this concise review, effort has IB=8 B (High P2O5) been made to summarize different material combinations available as composition to elaborate their biological properties both in vitro and in vivo, reaction kinetics in E simulated body fluid, effect of different constituents of bioactive glass and glass- IB=2 IB=5 ceramic compositions, porosity, etc and finally these materials’ applications as bone IB=0 graft substitutes and various clinical applications have been detailed. In this review an attempt has been made to sum up the recent advancement of different bioactive glass and composite materials for osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity in CaO Na2O orthopaedic surgical challenges. [Keywords: Bioactive glass, Bioglass®, Osteoconductivity, Osteoinductivity, Hydroxycarbonate apatite, 45S5, S53P4, Bone graft] Introduction osteoinductivity and addition of osteogenic cells onto For effective bone tissue repair and regeneration scaffolds to trigger bone renewal. research has been carried out in designing of new During bone healing, extracellular matrix (ECM) materials involving multidisciplinary approach. Numerous containing collagen fibre and mineralized calcium scaffold systems for bone tissue engineering have been phosphate is released from osteoblasts.1, 2 A biomaterial introduced with novelty in scaffolds’ design, drug and scaffold having three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure protein growth factors impregnation, mechanical strength mimicking the ECM is prerequisite for successful bone Downloaded by [University of Sussex Library] at 07:12 19 September 2017 and neo bone forming ability, etc. Nonetheless, autograft regeneration in non load bearing defects.3–5 Moreover, the has still no alternative way for bone tissue repair. Autografts scaffolds should not show any inflammatory or fail to meet in general medical requirement for orthopaedic immunogenic reaction, be bioactive (ability to bond with implants. Alternative sources of allograft and xenograft are bone) and bioresorbable, permit new bone formation, be detrimental as may cause disease transmission and cost effective, easily sterilizable, have optimal mechanical immune rejection. Accordingly, synthetic material plays a properties6–9 and controllable interconnected porosity with crucial role to meet the vast demand, apart from its pore diameter of no less than 100 m (allow cells to grow limitations of strength, properties of osteoconduction, within pores and angiogenesis).10–12 osteoinduction, osseointegration and biodegradation. To In bone tissue engineering, a number of biomaterials overcome such drawbacks, current research has been are presently being used as bone graft alternatives that paying attention on improvement of newer biomaterials, include bioceramics, magnesium phosphate, sulfate, enhanced alteration of structural and mechanical carbonate, calcium silicate and collagen. Some other properties, performance enhancement of biocompatibility, materials, like metal alloys (titanium, cobalt-chrome), ceramics (zirconia, alumina), are also being used for the *Corresponding author; email: [email protected], same purpose, but having the drawbacks of resorbability [email protected] and impaired osseointegration at the bone-implant VOL. 76 (3) JULY – SEPTEMBER 2017 149 interface. However, synthetic biodegradable polymers, like and thus Si-OH groups of borosilicate glass helped apatite polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formations as it acted as nucleation sites.66 Moreover, zinc polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), show positive addition helps in better cell attachment by maintaining the interaction with cells without any deleterious effects in body pH of SBF solution as well as causes osteoblast 13, 14 system. proliferation. Figure 1 shows Na2O-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glass Amid various biomaterials, bioactive glass material has composition (constant 6 wt% of P2O5) dependence for hard drawn considerable attention due to their superior and soft-tissue bonding. Region A is the bioactive-bone biocompatibility, degradability, ion leaching phenomena, bonding boundary, composition of which forms bond with enhancing the adhesion and production of osteogenic bone. Region B (e.g. composition of those silica glasses cells.15, 16 Mechanism of ion leaching includes exchange have applications including window, bottle or slides of + + + of monovalent cations (Na or K , with H3O ) from glass, microscope) behaves almost inert and forms fibrous increase in pH of solution as a consequence which enables morphology at implant-tissue interface. Region C osteoblast synthesis subsequently.17, 18 The macroporous compositions are resorbable, which, within a day structure with large surface areas of bioactive glass favours disappears when implanted. Region D is not practical bone bonding. technically and not tested in vivo. Collagen part of soft- Pores of bioactive glass are also advantageous for tissues usually adheres strongly in case of glass resorption and bioactivity19 with nearly ten times more compositions shown in region E (Fig. 1). strength than the contact osteogenesis.20 High modulus and brittle nature limits its potential widespread application SiO and thus used widely as coating of metal implants which 2 forms calcium-deficient carbonated calcium phosphates with time. The aim of this review is to summarize the current IB=10 advancement of different bioactive glass and glass- IB=8 A-WGC ceramic materials for osteoconductivity and (High P2O5) osteoinductivity in orthopaedic surgical challenges. E Bioactive Glass Materials IB=2 I =5 Prof. L. L. Hench discovered (in the year 1969) that IB=0 B various compositions of glasses, when implanted to living tissues, could bond chemically with bone.21–43 These ‘bioactive glasses’, since discovery, have mostly been used CaO Na O as bone substitutes for repair of damaged tissues;31, 44 2 certain compositions of the same formed bond with soft Fig. 1 – Na2O-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 based bioactive glass and glass- tissues and bone as well.40, 41, 45 Kinetic modification of ceramics compositions and their influence on hard and soft 26, 29 surfaces when implanted in vivo, and formation of tissue bonding; Region A has constant 6 wt% P2O5 composition, hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) on top leading to bonding soft tissue bonding at region E is inside dashed line with bioactivity index (level of bioactivity of a material related to the at interface with tissues are some of very interesting time with >50% of interface bonded) IB>8 [*: 45S5 Bioglass®, characteristics of these bioactive glasses. An interface is : Ceravital®, : 55S4.3 Bioglass®, (....): soft-tissue bonding; developed between materials and tissues that oppose IB=100/t0.5bb, where t0.5bb is the time with more than 50% of implant 29,46 considerable mechanical forces. Faster surface reaction surface bonded to surrounding bone ] Downloaded by [University of Sussex Library] at 07:12 19 September 2017 leads to faster bonding with living tissues, however, with Melt-quench is still the most popular method to develop low mechanical properties. 67–73 74, 75 To make the glass surface with enhanced surface
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