Resumen De Los Centros Poblados
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Las Regiones Geográficas Del Perú
LAS REGIONES GEOGRÁFICAS DEL PERÚ Evolución de criterios para su clasificación Luis Sifuentes de la Cruz* Hablar de regiones naturales en los tiempos actuales representa un problema; lo ideal es denominarlas regiones geográficas. Esto porque en nuestro medio ya no existen las llamadas regiones naturales. A nivel mundial la única región que podría encajar bajo esa denominación es la Antártida, donde aún no existe presencia humana en forma plena y sobre todo modificadora del paisaje. El medio geográfico tan variado que posee nuestro país ha motivado que a través del tiempo se realicen diversos ensayos y estudios de clasificación regional, con diversos criterios y puntos de vista no siempre concordantes. Señalaremos a continuación algunas de esas clasificaciones. CLASIFICACIÓN TRADICIONAL Considerada por algunos como una clasificación de criterio simplista, proviene de versión de algunos conquistadores españoles, que en sus crónicas y relaciones insertaron datos y descripciones geográficas, siendo quizá la visión más relevante la que nos dejó Pedro de Cieza de León, en su valiosísima Crónica del Perú (1553), estableciendo para nuestro territorio tres zonas bien definidas: la costa, la sierra o las serranías y la selva. El término sierra es quizá el de más importancia en su relato pues se refiere a la característica de un relieve accidentado por la presencia abundante de montañas (forma de sierra o serrucho al observar el horizonte). Este criterio occidental para describir nuestra realidad geográfica ha prevalecido por varios siglos y en la práctica para muchos sigue teniendo vigencia -revísense para el caso algunas de las publicaciones de nivel escolar y universitario-; y la óptica occidental, simplista y con vicios de enfoque,casi se ha generalizado en los medios de comunicación y en otros diversos ámbitos de nuestra sociedad, ya que el común de las gentes sigue hablando de tres regiones y hasta las publicaciones oficiales basan sus datos y planes en dicho criterio. -
Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor
Silva Collins, Gabriel 2019 Anthropology Thesis Title: Making the Mountains: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor: Antonia Foias Advisor is Co-author: None of the above Second Advisor: Released: release now Authenticated User Access: No Contains Copyrighted Material: No MAKING THE MOUNTAINS: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads by GABRIEL SILVA COLLINS Antonia Foias, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Anthropology WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts May 19, 2019 Introduction Peru is famous for its Pre-Hispanic archaeological sites: places like Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines, and the city of Chan Chan. Ranging from the earliest cities in the Americas to Inca metropolises, millennia of urban human history along the Andes have left large and striking sites scattered across the country. But cities and monuments do not exist in solitude. Peru’s ancient sites are connected by a vast circulatory system of roads that connected every corner of the country, and thousands of square miles beyond its current borders. The Inca road system, or Qhapaq Ñan, is particularly famous; thousands of miles of trails linked the empire from modern- day Colombia to central Chile, crossing some of the world’s tallest mountain ranges and driest deserts. The Inca state recognized the importance of its road system, and dotted the trails with rest stops, granaries, and religious shrines. Inca roads even served directly religious purposes in pilgrimages and a system of ritual pathways that divided the empire (Ogburn 2010). This project contributes to scholarly knowledge about the Inca and Pre-Hispanic Andean civilizations by studying the roads which stitched together the Inca state. -
The PERU LNG Project’S Contribution to World Heritage
The PERU LNG Project’s Contribution to World Heritage By Gregory D. Lockard Environmental Resources Management (ERM) The PERU LNG Project involved the construction of a natural gas pipeline (Slide 2), liquefaction plant (Slide 3), and marine terminal to load liquid natural gas (LNG) ships (Slide 4). The project also involved the use of a quarry to obtain rocks for the construction of a breakwater at the marine terminal (Slide 5). The PERU LNG plant is the first natural gas liquefaction plant in South America. The pipeline extends from the community of Chiquintirca in Ayacucho to the plant and marine terminal at Melchorita (Slide 6), which is located on the Pacific coast approximately 170 kilometers south of Lima. The pipeline extends for 408 km and passes through the departments of Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Ica, and Lima. It ranges in elevation from approximately 150 meters above sea level at the plant to over 4900 meters, making it the highest natural gas pipeline in the world. The PERU LNG Project has produced significant economic benefits for the people and government of Peru, and will continue to do so for years to come. It is the largest private investment project to date in Peru at over $3.8 billion. The operation of the plant will result in the inflow of foreign currency into the economy, as the country’s export revenues will reach an estimated average of $1 billion per year. The Peruvian government will receive approximately $310 million a year in taxes and indirect royalties during its operation. A percentage of the royalties will be distributed to the project’s regions of influence by means of the Camisea Socio- economic Development Fund (Fondo Desarrollo Socioeconómico de Camisea, or FOCAM). -
A PHONOLOGICAL SKETCH of OMAGUA Clare S. Sandy And
A PHONOLOGICAL SKETCH OF OMAGUA Clare S. Sandy and Zachary O'Hagan San Jose´ State University and University of California, Berkeley 1 1 Introduction This article presents a sketch of the segmental and prosodic phonology of Omagua, a highly endangered Tup´ı-Guaran´ılanguage of northwest Amazonia with two known living speakers as of February 2019.1 Omagua (ISO 639-3: omg), along with its more vital sister language Kukama-Kukamiria (cod) (Faust 1972; Vallejos 2016), descends from Proto-Omagua-Kukama (O'Hagan 2011, 2014, 2019, to appear; O'Hagan et al. 2013, 2016), a Tup´ı-Guaran´ılanguage that underwent significant lexical and gram- matical restructuring due to language contact. Cabral (1995, 2007, 2011) and Cabral Rodrigues (2003) have proposed that Proto-Omagua-Kukama (POK) arose on Jesuit mission settlements, although more recently it has been shown that POK must be of Pre-Columbian origin (Michael 2014). Both traditional comparative work (Lemle 1971; Rodrigues 1958, 1984/1985) and more recent computational phylogenetic work (Michael et al. 2015a) have shown that POK is most closely related to Tupinamb´a, an extinct language originally spoken along the Brazilian Atlantic coast (Anchieta 1595; Figueira 1687). In the Jesuit and colonial periods, speakers of Omagua were likely in regular contact with speakers of several unrelated languages, including, at the western edge of their territory, Masamae, Peba, Yagua (Payne 1985), Yameo (Espinosa P´erez1955) (Peba-Yaguan); M´a´ıh`ık`ı(Tukanoan); Iquito (Zaparoan); and, at the eastern edge, the extinct and entirely undocumented languages Yurimagua and Aisuari. Arawak and Panoan groups populated the uplands to the north and south, respectively. -
Terra Brasilis (Nova Série), 3 | 2014 Las Ocho Regiones Naturales Del Perú 2
Terra Brasilis (Nova Série) Revista da Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica 3 | 2014 IBGE: saberes e práticas territoriais Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú Javier Pulgar Vidal Edición electrónica URL: http://journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/1027 DOI: 10.4000/terrabrasilis.1027 ISSN: 2316-7793 Editor: Laboratório de Geografia Política - Universidade de São Paulo, Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica Referencia electrónica Javier Pulgar Vidal, « Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú », Terra Brasilis (Nova Série) [En línea], 3 | 2014, Publicado el 26 agosto 2014, consultado el 10 diciembre 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/1027 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/terrabrasilis.1027 Este documento fue generado automáticamente el 10 diciembre 2020. © Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú 1 Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú Javier Pulgar Vidal NOTA DEL EDITOR Nota explicativa: A 9ª edição de Geografía del Perú (Editorial Peisa, Lima, 1987), reúne estudos de Javier Pulgar Vidal realizados ao longo de várias décadas. O volume se inicia com a tese do autor sobre as Oito Regiões Naturais do Peru, apresentada em 1941, e se encerra com a regionalização transversal e a microrregionalização administrativa do país, elaboradas entre 1976 e 1985. Nesta seção, transcrevemos fragmentos das duas primeiras partes da obra (pp. 9-24, 177-180 e 199-203), que correspondem às propostas de regionalização baseadas na integração de fatores do meio ambiente e na sabedoria geográfica tradicional peruana. Esta opção vem ao encontro das questões levantadas por Rogério Haesbaert no presente número, ao contrapor as concepções de região de Pulgar Vidal fundamentadas na percepção ambiental nativa à sua “regionalização normativa”, quando o geógrafo e político atuou nos órgãos de planejamento territorial criados nos governos peruanos reformistas. -
Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy from Biomass In
Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 6, No. 8; 2013 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy from Biomass in Peru - Overview of the Current Situation and Research With a Bench Scale Pyrolysis Reactor to Use Organic Waste for Energy Production Michael Klug1,2, Nadia Gamboa1 & Karl Lorber2 1 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru, Seccion Quimica, Lima, Peru 2 Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria Correspondence: Michael Klug, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Perú. Tel: 51-991-703-259. E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 2, 2013 Accepted: June 26, 2013 Online Published: July 24, 2013 doi:10.5539/jsd.v6n8p130 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n8p130 Abstract Peru is an interesting emerging market with a stable development and economic growth during the last years. This growth also brings new challenges for sustainable development. The rising energy demand and the increasingly high volumes of waste need sustainable solutions. Thus far, Peru has a big unused potential in the production of bioenergy, especially a big amount of unused biomass. With the construction of a small Flash Pyrolysis Reactor at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), the research of the potential of different biomass feedstock for pyrolysis process has started. The first results and an overview of the current situation in Peru are presented in this paper. Keywords: Peru, sustainable development, biomass, bioenergy, pyrolysis 1. Introduction Peru is a megadiverse country in a constant economic growth that urgently demands careful sustainable development to protect and preserve its natural wealth. -
Adverse Geography and Differences in Welfare in Peru
Discussion Paper No. 2003/73 Adverse Geography and Differences in Welfare in Peru Javier Escobal and Máximo Torero* October 2003 Abstract In Peru, a country with an astonishing variety of different ecological areas, with 84 different climate zones and landscapes, with rainforests, high mountain ranges and dry deserts, the geographical context may not be all that matters, but it could be very significant in explaining regional variations in income and poverty. The major question this paper tries to answer is: what role do geographic variables, both natural and man- made, play in explaining per capita expenditure differentials across regions within Peru? How have these influences changed over time, through what channels have they been transmitted, and has access to private and public assets compensated for the effects of an adverse geography? We have shown that what seem to be sizeable geographic differences in poverty rates in Peru can be almost fully explained when one takes into account the spatial concentration of households with readily observable non-geographic characteristics, in particular public and private assets. In other words, the same observationally equivalent household has a similar expenditure level in one place as another with different geographic characteristics such as altitude or temperature. This does not mean, however, that geography is not important but that its influence on poverty, expenditure level and growth differential comes about through a spatially uneven provision of public infrastructure…/… Keywords: regional economics, spatial distribution, welfare, poverty, Peru JEL classification: D91, R11, Q12 Copyright UNU-WIDER 2003 *Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Spatial Disparities in Human Development, directed by Ravi Kanbur and Tony Venables. -
Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast LOST LANGUAGES LANGUAGES LOST
12 Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast LOST LANGUAGES LANGUAGES LOST ESTUDIOS INDIANA 12 LOST LANGUAGES ESTUDIOS INDIANA OF THE PERUVIAN NORTH COAST COAST NORTH PERUVIAN THE OF This book is about the original indigenous languages of the Peruvian North Coast, likely associated with the important pre-Columbian societies of the coastal deserts, but poorly documented and now irrevocably lost Sechura and Tallán in Piura, Mochica in Lambayeque and La Libertad, and further south Quingnam, perhaps spoken as far south as the Central Coast. The book presents the original distribution of these languages in early colonial Matthias Urban times, discusses available and lost sources, and traces their demise as speakers switched to Spanish at different points of time after conquest. To the extent possible, the book also explores what can be learned about the sound system, grammar, and lexicon of the North Coast languages from the available materials. It explores what can be said on past language contacts and the linguistic areality of the North Coast and Northern Peru as a whole, and asks to what extent linguistic boundaries on the North Coast can be projected into the pre-Columbian past. ESTUDIOS INDIANA ISBN 978-3-7861-2826-7 12 Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz | Gebr. Mann Verlag • Berlin Matthias Urban Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast ESTUDIOS INDIANA 12 Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast Matthias Urban Gebr. Mann Verlag • Berlin 2019 Estudios Indiana The monographs and essay collections in the Estudios Indiana series present the results of research on multiethnic, indigenous, and Afro-American societies and cultures in Latin America, both contemporary and historical. -
The Tambos of the Peruvian Rural Territory: a Systematic Catalog Proposal As Design Strategy
THE TAMBOS OF THE PERUVIAN RURAL TERRITORY: A SYSTEMATIC CATALOG PROPOSAL AS DESIGN STRATEGY Cristian Yarasca-Aybar Abstract. The tambos are small buildings that function as social platforms in Peruvian rural areas to provide essential services to the entire vulnerable and dispersed rural population. The Peruvian government intends to implement more than a thousand new tambos in the national territory. However, this social infrastructure program faces heterogeneous conditions and demands according to Peru’s geographical and population complexity. This article proposes developing a systematic catalog of modular components as a design strategy for the architectural approach of future tambos. Georeferenced data and climate design guidelines were used to conduct this study. As a result, the systematic catalog synthesizes critical variables such as natural regions and programmatic requirements to generate diverse architectural configurations of the new tambos. Therefore, these future buildings would be optimally articulated in different areas of influence under a systematic vision of the Peruvian rural territory. Keywords: architectural design, design strategy, sustainability, rural, problem solving 1 Introduction In 2014, the Peruvian government created the “National Program of Tambos” (NPT) intending to fight poverty in the most remote rural areas of the national territory (Li Liza, 2016, p. 34). The NPT aims to provide access to social services to the rural population centers with the highest incidence of poverty and high population dispersion to contribute to their economic, social and productive development (MIDIS, 2017, p. 3). To achieve this, the NPT implemented the tambos, which are small buildings (Figure 1) that function as the physical platform where the different public and private institutions can offer their social services to the Peruvian rural population. -
Sustainable Agriculture in the Central Andes an Interdisciplinary Study of Pre-Columbian Agricultural Practices in a Contemporary Context
Sustainable agriculture in the Central Andes An interdisciplinary study of pre-Columbian agricultural practices in a contemporary context Lily Cannell van Dien Ing p Cover image: Clearing the canal high up near its original intake from a glacial stream. Photo by Cusichaca Trust (Cusichaca Trust n.d., 7) Sustainable agriculture in the Central Andes An interdisciplinary study of pre-Columbian agricultural practices in a contemporary context Lily Cannell van Dien s1496549 Bachelor thesis archaeology Supervised by Dr. N.E. Corcoran-Tadd University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology June 15th, 2018, final version 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Problem description 5 1.2 Research question 6 1.3 Thesis outline 6 Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 8 2.1 The bigger picture 8 2.2 Sustainable agriculture 9 2.3 Applied archaeology 12 2.4 Regional background 14 2.4.1 Geography and Climate 14 2.4.2 Pre-Columbian agricultural practices in the Central Andes 17 2.4.3 Post-conquest agricultural development in the Central Andes 18 2.4.4 Current state of agriculture in the Central Andes 19 2.5 Conclusions 20 Chapter 3. Two applied archaeology case studies 21 3.1 Methods 21 3.2 Case 1: Terraces in the Cusichaca Valley. A project by the Cusichaca Trust. 23 3.2.1 Type of agricultural infrastructure 24 3.2.2 Location 24 3.2.3 Form and chronology 24 3.2.4 Functions and benefits 26 3.2.5 Research project 26 3.2.6 Social context for abandonment and reuse 30 3.2.7 Projects self-evaluation 32 3.3 Case 2: Raised fields in the basin of Lake Titicaca. -
Sayre Chapter Outline
Life Across the River: Agricultural, Ritual, and Production Practices at Chavín de Huántar, Perú. by Matthew Paul Sayre A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Christine A. Hastorf, Chair Professor Patrick Kirch Professor Miguel Altieri Curator Dolores Piperno Spring 2010 Abstract Life Across the River: Agricultural, Ritual, and Production Practices at Chavín de Huántar, Perú. by Matthew Paul Sayre Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Christine A. Hastorf, Chair In this dissertation I examine domestic life in an early Andean highland community. While these peoples’ homes and material remains may evoke images of tranquil peasants living in quiet harmony with nature, I will challenge the assumptions inherent in that image. The community of La Banda was located directly across the river from a major ritual center. New data obtained by me and presented here reveal a community engaged in complex relationships with the temple of Chavín, the surrounding fields and communities, and the broader Andean world through the practices of trade, production, pilgrimage, and ceremony. There are four major themes presented in this dissertation: ritual, domestic life, trade and importation, and production and exchange practices. These themes are discussed in relation to activities that occurred in the monumental center, in the domestic La Banda sector, and when assessing the relations that the community of La Banda had with communities and peoples from outside the Central Andean region. Finally, the nature of local Chavín domestic life has been a long-standing concern of Andean archaeology. -
Saving the Symbol of the Andes: a Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur Gryphus)
Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Robert Wallace, Ariel Reinaga, Natalia Piland, Renzo Piana, F. Hernán Vargas, Rosa Elena Zegarra, Pablo Alarcón, Sergio Alvarado, José Álvarez, Fernando Angulo, Vanesa Astore, Francisco Ciri, Jannet Cisneros, Celeste Cóndor, Víctor Escobar, Martín Funes, Jessica Gálvez-Durand, Carolina Gargiulo, Sandra Gordillo, Javier Heredia, Sebastián Kohn, Alejandro Kusch, Sergio Lambertucci, Diego Méndez, Rubén Morales, Alexander More, Adrián Naveda- Rodríguez, David Oehler, Oscar Ospina-Herrera, Andrés Ortega, José Antonio Otero, Fausto Sáenz-Jiménez, Carlos Silva, Claudia Silva, Rosa Vento, Guillermo Wiemeier, Galo Zapata-Ríos & Lorena Zurita May 2020 Results of Andean Condor Range Wide Priority Setting Workshop, May 6th-9th 2015, held in Lima, Peru. Author order is based on the following criteria. The first author led the design of the workshop and research, raised funding for the meeting, provided data and supervised the systematization of Andean condor data across the range, facilitated the RWPS portion of the workshop, and led write-up efforts. The second author systematized Andean condor data and produced maps and spatial analyses for the workshop and the publication. The third author produced a note record of the workshop and then wrote up significant portions of the document. The next three authors were fundamental in the organization and design of the workshop, provided data and reviewed and contributed to this document. The next 31 authors participated in the workshop, generously provided data, and reviewed and edited the report. 1 Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Thomas Kramer4 5 Title: Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) First edition: May 2020 Editor: Robert B.