DOCSLIB.ORG

Saving the Symbol of the Andes: a Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur Gryphus)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saving the Symbol of the Andes: a Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur Gryphus) Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Robert Wallace, Ariel Reinaga, Natalia Piland, Renzo Piana, F. Hernán Vargas, Rosa Elena Zegarra, Pablo Alarcón, Sergio Alvarado, José Álvarez, Fernando Angulo, Vanesa Astore, Francisco Ciri, Jannet Cisneros, Celeste Cóndor, Víctor Escobar, Martín Funes, Jessica Gálvez-Durand, Carolina Gargiulo, Sandra Gordillo, Javier Heredia, Sebastián Kohn, Alejandro Kusch, Sergio Lambertucci, Diego Méndez, Rubén Morales, Alexander More, Adrián Naveda- Rodríguez, David Oehler, Oscar Ospina-Herrera, Andrés Ortega, José Antonio Otero, Fausto Sáenz-Jiménez, Carlos Silva, Claudia Silva, Rosa Vento, Guillermo Wiemeier, Galo Zapata-Ríos & Lorena Zurita May 2020 Results of Andean Condor Range Wide Priority Setting Workshop, May 6th-9th 2015, held in Lima, Peru. Author order is based on the following criteria. The first author led the design of the workshop and research, raised funding for the meeting, provided data and supervised the systematization of Andean condor data across the range, facilitated the RWPS portion of the workshop, and led write-up efforts. The second author systematized Andean condor data and produced maps and spatial analyses for the workshop and the publication. The third author produced a note record of the workshop and then wrote up significant portions of the document. The next three authors were fundamental in the organization and design of the workshop, provided data and reviewed and contributed to this document. The next 31 authors participated in the workshop, generously provided data, and reviewed and edited the report. 1 Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Thomas Kramer4 5 Title: Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) First edition: May 2020 Editor: Robert B. Wallace Collaborators: Ariel Reinaga, Natalia Piland, Renzo Piana, F. Hernán Vargas, Rosa Elena Zegarra, Pablo Alarcón, Sergio Alvarado, José Álvarez, Fernando Angulo, Vanesa Astore, Francisco Ciri, Jannet Cisneros, Celeste Cóndor, Víctor Escobar, Martín Funes, Jessica Gálvez-Durand, Carolina Gargiulo, Sandra Gordillo, Javier Heredia, Sebastián Kohn, Alejandro Kusch, Sergio Lambertucci, Diego Méndez, Rubén Morales, Alexander More, Adrián Naveda- Rodríguez, David Oehler, Oscar Ospina-Herrera, Andrés Ortega, José Antonio Otero, Fausto Sáenz-Jiménez, Carlos Silva, Claudia Silva, Rosa Vento, Guillermo Wiemeier, Galo Zapata-Ríos & Lorena Zurita Participating institutions: Wildlife Conservation Society, The Peregrine Fund, SERFOR, MINAM Photographs: Víctor Escobar Design: Natalia Ramírez Yaksic Suggested citation: Wallace, R.B., A. Reinaga, N. Piland, R. Piana, H. Vargas, R-E. Zegarra, P. Alarcón, S. Alvarado, J. Álvarez, F. Angulo, V. Astore, F. Ciri, J. Cisneros, C. Cóndor, V. Escobar, M. Funes, J. Gálvez-Durand, C. Gargiulo, S. Gordillo, J. Heredia, S. Kohn, A. Kusch, S. Lambertucci, D. Méndez, R. Morales, A. More, A. Naveda-Rodríguez, D. Oehler, A. Ortega, O. Ospina-Herrera, J-A. Otero, F. Sáenz-Jiménez, C. Silva, C. Silva, R. Vento, F.G. Wiemeier, G. Zapata-Ríos & L. Zurita. 2020. Saving the Symbol of the Andes: A Range Wide Conservation Priority Setting Exercise for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus). Wildlife Conservation Society, La Paz, Bolivia. 194 p. Legal deposit: 4-1-885-20 ISBN: 978-99974-925-7-9 Printed in Bolivia Acknowledgements Murillo, Mónica Olazabal, Jessica Oliden, Yoissy Pari Morales, Gregorio Raúl Peña Gutierrez, Karl We would like to thank the following people for Ploog Cortés, Carmen Portugal, Aparicio Dionisio their active participation in the workshop: Roque Quintana Zevallos, Winson Ramírez Lequernaque, Abad Flores, Christian Abramonte Núñez, Alejandra Ricardo Reátegui Marchesi, José Antonio Ríos Anchante Villacorte, Leonardo Arias Bernal, Suárez, Indra Rodríguez Bandach, Abelardo Justo William Ayala Hinostroza, Yuri Beraun Baca, Lizette Salcedo Jesús, Letty Salinas Sánchez, Karina Santti Bermúdez, Franciz Boscato Navarro, Víctor Eduardo Sánchez, Darwin Abimael Soto Guzmán, Trinidad Bullón Alcalá, Jimmy Cáceres Anticona, Lilia Campos Tapia, Víctor Wilber Tello Alfaro, Mauricio Ugarte Zumaeta, José Carrasco Montoya, Fabiola Carreño Lewis, Anthony Vásquez Najarro, David Velarde Villa, Miguel César Castillo Ordinola, Lizeth Natali Falconi and Rob Williams. Cayo Rodríguez, Karina Chávez, Ronald Daniel Concha Sánchez, Alfredo Correa, Víctor Cotrina We are especially grateful for the generous financial Jaranga, Alex Cruz, Virginia Micaela de la Puente support provided by the Servicio Nacional Forestal León, Karina Espinoza Lima, Ana Carolina Falla y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR) and the Ministerio Beltrán, Abad Flores Portugal, Guillermo Eduardo del Medio Ambiente (MINAM) in Peru, as well Gálvez Túpac, Julián García Anaya, Lucio Gil Perleche, as significant matching funds from the Wildlife Elizabeth Gonzáles, Joep Hendriks, Catalina Conservation Society (WCS) and The Peregrine Fund. Hermoza Guerra, Lissete Herrera, Wilder Huarancay AVIANCA S.A. kindly supported the airfares of several Matamoros, Víctor Eduardo Injante Palomino, Silvia of the international condor experts, ensuring a Eleonora Janneau Vildozo, Augusto Jara Justiniani, workshop with adequate participation of experts Marianella Lavalle Valdivia, Jorge Lozada Cañote, from across the region. Miluska Machicado Figueroa, Julio Erick Mamani Fernández, Henry Igor Márquez Rodríguez, José We would also like to thank Natalia Piland and Elvira Masías, Carlos Andrés Menacho Barriga, Fernando Salinas who translated the bulk of the document David Mendez Huamán, Armando Mercado, Yovana into Spanish. Content List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... 12 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 List of Contributors ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Andean Condor Symposium Results .................................................................................................................... 19 Brief Summaries of Expert Presentations .................................................................................................... 19 State of Knowledge on Andean Condors in each Country .............................................................. 22 Experiences in Rehabilitation and Research ......................................................................................... 24 Research Priorities Identified in Resulting Symposium Discussions ....................................................... 28 Inputs for a Regional Action Plan for Andean Condor Conservation ..................................................... 29 Standardized Methodology for a Regional Census .................................................................................... 29 National Plan for Andean Condor Conservation in Peru ............................................................................... 33 Andean Condor Range Wide Priority Setting Exercise ................................................................................. 34 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 34 General Approach ................................................................................................................................ 34 Pre-Workshop Methodology ................................................................................................................ 35 Andean Condor Range Wide Priority Setting Exercise Workshop Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 35 Workshop Methodology ................................................................................................................... 36 Post-Workshop Methodology ............................................................................................................. 36 Andean Condor Range Wide Priority Setting Exercise Results ....................................................................... 38 Historical Range of the Andean Condor ................................................................................................... 38 Andean Condor Distribution Points ............................................................................................................ 38 Areas Identified With and Without Andean Condor Expert Knowledge ................................................. 43 Andean Condor Extirpated Areas ............................................................................................................... 43 Threats to the Andean Condor in the 21st Century ......................................................................................... 47 Habitat Conversion ........................................................................................................................................47
Load more

Recommended publications
  • El Usurpador De Cadáveres
    Robert Louis Stevenson El usurpador de cadáveres Todas las noches del año nos sentábamos los cuatro en el pequeño reservado de la posada George en Debenham: el empresario de pompas fúnebres, el dueño, Fettes y yo. A veces había más gente; pero tanto si hacía viento como si no, tanto si llovía como si nevaba o caía una helada, los cuatro, llegado el momento, nos instalábamos en nuestros respectivos sillones. Fettes era un viejo escocés muy dado a la bebida; culto, sin duda, y también acomodado, porque vivía sin hacer nada. Había llegado a Debenham años atrás, todavía joven, y por la simple permanencia se había convertido en hijo adoptivo del pueblo. Su capa azul de camelote era una antigüedad, igual que la torre de la iglesia. Su sitio fijo en el reservado de la posada, su conspicua ausencia de la iglesia, y sus vicios vergonzosos eran cosas de todos sabidas en Debenham. Mantenía algunas opiniones vagamente radicales y cierto pasajero escepticismo religioso que sacaba a relucir periódicamente, dando énfasis a sus palabras con imprecisos manotazos sobre la mesa. Bebía ron: cinco vasos todas las veladas; y durante la mayor parte de su diaria visita a la posada permanecía en un estado de melancólico estupor alcohólico, siempre con el vaso de ron en la mano derecha. Le llamábamos el doctor, porque se le atribuían ciertos conocimientos de medicina y en casos de emergencia había sido capaz de entablillar una fractura o reducir una luxación, pero, al margen de estos pocos detalles, carecíamos de información sobre su personalidad y antecedentes. Una oscura noche de invierno—habían dado las nueve algo antes de que el dueño se reuniera con nosotros— fuimos informados de que un gran terrateniente de los alrededores se había puesto enfermo en la posada, atacado de apoplejía, cuando iba de camino hacia Londres y el Parlamento; y por telégrafo se había solicitado la presencia, a la cabecera del gran hombre, de su médico de la capital, personaje todavía más famoso.
    [Show full text]
  • Wfp Lac Situp 10 200923 Exter
    WFP LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN REGION COVID-19 Logistics Situation Update #10 23 September 2020 Date 07 July 2020 Month YYYY 1. Highlights Constraints Hurricane Season (Source: National Hurricane Center) Atlantic: • Hurricane Sally (CAT 2): Sally made landfall at Mobile, Alabama on 16 September early morning as a category 2 hurricane. As a slow-moving storm, Sally brought life-threatening storm surge and flash flooding to Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. Hundreds of people were rescued from flooding areas and more than half million population were left without electricity. Sally weakened to a tropical depression on 16 September. • Major Hurricane Teddy (CAT 4): Teddy is expected to transition to a powerful post-tropical cyclone as it moves near or over portions of Atlantic Canada on 22 September through 24 September where direct impacts from wind, rain and storm surge are expected. Very large swells produced by Teddy are expected to affect portions of Bermuda, the Leeward Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, the east coast of the United States, and the Atlantic Canada during the next few days. These swells are expected to cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. • Tropical Storm Vicky: Last advisory on Vicky was issued on 17 September. The remnant low should remain on a west south-westward heading while it is steered by the low-level north-easterly trade wind flow over 18-19 September. • Tropical Storm Beta: Beta weakened to a tropical depression on 22 September. Significant flash and urban flooding are occurring and will continue to occur for coast of Texas today. The slow motion of Beta will continue to produce a long duration rainfall event from the middle Texas coast to southern Louisiana.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Ecology of Late South American Pastoralism: an Andean Perspective A.D
    The political ecology of late South American pastoralism: an Andean perspective A.D. 1,000-1,615 Jennifer Granta1 Kevin Laneb a Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina b Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract Prehispanic South American pastoralism has a long and rich, though often understudied, trajectory. In this paper, we analyze the transition from a generalized to a specialized pastoralism at two geographical locations in the Andes: Antofagasta de la Sierra, Southern Argentina Puna, and the Ancash Highlands, Peruvian North- central Puna. Although at opposite ends of the Andes this herding specialization commences during the same moment in time, A.D. 600-1,000, suggesting that a similar process was at work in both areas. Moreover, this was a process that was irrevocably tied to the coeval development of specialized highland agriculture. From a perspective of political ecology and structuration theory we emphasis the time-depth and importance that Andean pastoralism had in shaping highland landscapes. Taking into consideration risk-management theory, ecology and environment as crucial factors in the development of a specialized pastoralism we nevertheless emphasis the importance of the underlying human decisions that drove this process. Based broadly within the field of political ecology we therefore emphasize how human agency and structure impacted on these landscapes, society and animal husbandry. Our article covers such aspects as the human and animal use of resource areas, settlement location, herding patterns, selective breeding, and human-induced alterations to pasturage. Keywords: Andes, pastoralism, political ecology, Southern Andes, Central Andes Résumé Le pastoralisme préhispanique sud-américain a une trajectoire longue et riche, mais souvent peu étudiée.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Magma Ascent and Generation of Th Excesses in the Lower Crust At
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 255 (2007) 229–242 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Rapid magma ascent and generation of 230Th excesses in the lower crust at Puyehue–Cordón Caulle, Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile ⁎ Brian R. Jicha a, , Brad S. Singer a, Brian L. Beard a, Clark M. Johnson a, Hugo Moreno-Roa b,c, José Antonio Naranjo b a Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison WI 53706, USA b Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Avenida Santa María, 0104 Santiago, Chile c Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Cerro Ñielol-Sector Antenas, Temuco, Chile Received 28 July 2006; received in revised form 7 December 2006; accepted 8 December 2006 Available online 30 January 2007 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Basaltic to rhyolitic lavas and tephras erupted over the last 70 kyr at the Puyehue–Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) were analyzed for major and trace element, Sr isotope, and U–Th isotope compositions to constrain the timescales of magmatic processes and identify the subducted and crustal components involved in magma genesis. Internal U–Th mineral isochrons from five lavas and three tephra fall deposits are indistinguishable from their eruption ages, indicating a short period (b1000 yr) of crystal residence in the magma prior to eruption. The (230Th/232Th) ratios define a narrow range (0.80–0.83) compared to that of all SVZ lavas (0.72–0.97), suggesting that Puyehue basalt was derived from a relatively uniform mantle source. Dacites and rhyolites have the largest U excesses and likely evolved via fractional crystallization of a plagioclase-dominated mineral assemblage.
    [Show full text]
  • Máriom A. Carvajal1 & Eduardo I. Faúndez1, 2 Notas Acerca De La
    Boletín de Biodiversidad de Chile 6: 30–32 (2011) http://www.bbchile.com/ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF IDIOSTOLUS INSULARIS BERG, 1883 HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: IDIOSTOLIDAE) Máriom A. Carvajal1 & Eduardo I. Faúndez1, 2 1 Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad (CEBCh), Magallanes, 1979, Osorno, Chile, [email protected]. 2 Grupo Entomon, Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile, [email protected]. Abstract Mistakes about the limits in the distribution of Idiostolus insularis Berg, 1883 are discussed and corrected. The northern limit for I. insularis is established in Río Blanco, Curacautín, Araucanía Region, Chile *38°26’S-71°53’W+. New records for I. insularis are provided which present new information on the biology and distribution of this species. Key words: Idiostolidae, Idiostolus insularis, distribution, Chile, New record. Notas Acerca de la distribución de Idiostolus insularis Berg, 1883 Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Idiostolidae) Resumen Se discuten y corrigen errores existentes acerca de los límites de la distribución de Idiostolus insularis Berg, 1883, estableciéndose Río Blanco, Curacautín, Región de la Araucanía *38°26’S-71°53’W+, como límite norte para esta especie. Se entregan nuevos registros que aportan nueva información acerca de la biología y distribución de esta especie. Palabras clave: Idiostolidae, Idiostolus insularis, distribución, Nuevo registro. Idiostolidae is a family of Heteroptera which shows a classic Gondwanaland distribution (Schaefer & Wilcox, 1969). There are few data about the biology of this family. It is only known that idiostolids are phytophagous insects and are associated with Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) forests (Scudder, 1962; Schaefer & Wilcox, 1969).
    [Show full text]
  • Resumen De Los Centros Poblados
    1. RESUMEN DE LOS CENTROS POBLADOS 2. 1.1 CENTROS POBLADOS POR DEPARTAMENTO Según los resultados de los Censos Nacionales 2017: XII Censo de Población, VII de Vivienda y III de Comunidades Indígenas, fueron identificados 94 mil 922 centros poblados, en el territorio nacional. Son 5 departamentos los que agrupan el mayor número de centros poblados: Puno (9,9 %), Cusco (9,4 %), Áncash (7,8 %), Ayacucho (7,8 %) y Huancavelica (7,1 %). En cambio, los departamentos que registran menor número de centros poblados son: La Provincia Constitucional del Callao (0,01 %), Provincia de Lima (0,1 %), Tumbes (0,2 %), Madre de Dios (0,3 %), Tacna (1,0 %) y Ucayali (1,1 %). CUADRO Nº 1 PERÚ: CENTROS POBLADOS, SEGÚN DEPARTAMENTO Centros poblados Departamento Absoluto % Total 94 922 100,0 Amazonas 3 174 3,3 Áncash 7 411 7,8 Apurímac 4 138 4,4 Arequipa 4 727 5,0 Ayacucho 7 419 7,8 Cajamarca 6 513 6,9 Prov. Const. del Callao 7 0,0 Cusco 8 968 9,4 Huancavelica 6 702 7,1 Huánuco 6 365 6,7 Ica 1 297 1,4 Junín 4 530 4,8 La Libertad 3 506 3,7 Lambayeque 1 469 1,5 Lima 5 229 5,5 Loreto 2 375 2,5 Madre de Dios 307 0,3 Moquegua 1 241 1,3 Pasco 2 700 2,8 Piura 2 803 3,0 Puno 9 372 9,9 San Martín 2 510 2,6 Tacna 944 1,0 Tumbes 190 0,2 Ucayali 1 025 1,1 Provincia de Lima 1/ 111 0,1 Región Lima 2/ 5 118 5,4 1/ Comprende los 43 distritos de la Provincia de Lima 2/ Comprende las provincias de: Barranca, Cajatambo, Canta, Cañete, Huaral, Huarochirí, Huaura, Oyón y Yauyos Fuente: INEI - Censos Nacionales 2017: XII de Población, VII de Vivienda y III de Comunidades Indígenas.
    [Show full text]
  • Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: Structure, Eruptive History and Hazards
    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91Ž. 1999 1±21 www.elsevier.comrlocaterjvolgeores Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: structure, eruptive history and hazards Minard L. Hall a,1, Claude Robin b,), Bernardo Beate c, Patricia Mothes a,1, Michel Monzier a,d,2 a Instituto Geofõsico,ÂÂ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador b Institut de Recherches Pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, OPGC, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France c Departamento de Geologõa,ÂÂÂ Facultad de Geologõa, Minas y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador d Institut de Recherches pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, A.P. 17-11-6596, Quito, Ecuador Accepted 25 March 1999 Abstract Tungurahua, one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of three volcanic edifices. Tungurahua I was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. Tungurahua II, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years BP, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event, 2955"90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced a ;8-km3 debris deposit. The avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for ;15 km. A large lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. Southwestward, the damming of the Chambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in a ;10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached, generating another catastrophic debris flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Sources for Tephra from AD 1259 Volcanic Signal in Antarctic Ice
    Multiple sources for tephra from AD 1259 volcanic signal in Antarctic ice cores Biancamaria Narcisi, Jean Robert Petit, Barbara Delmonte, Valentina Batanova, Joel Savarino To cite this version: Biancamaria Narcisi, Jean Robert Petit, Barbara Delmonte, Valentina Batanova, Joel Savarino. Mul- tiple sources for tephra from AD 1259 volcanic signal in Antarctic ice cores. Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2019, 210, pp.164-174. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.005. hal-02350371 HAL Id: hal-02350371 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02350371 Submitted on 25 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manuscript Details Manuscript number JQSR_2019_21 Title MULTIPLE SOURCES FOR TEPHRA FROM AD 1259 VOLCANIC SIGNAL IN ANTARCTIC ICE CORES Abstract Strong volcanic signals simultaneously recorded in polar ice sheets are commonly assigned to major low-latitude eruptions that dispersed large quantities of aerosols in the global atmosphere with the potential of inducing climate perturbations. Parent eruptions responsible for specific events are typically deduced from matching to a known volcanic eruption having coincidental date. However, more robust source linkage can be achieved only through geochemical characterisation of the airborne volcanic glass products (tephra) sometimes preserved in the polar strata.
    [Show full text]
  • Las Regiones Geográficas Del Perú
    LAS REGIONES GEOGRÁFICAS DEL PERÚ Evolución de criterios para su clasificación Luis Sifuentes de la Cruz* Hablar de regiones naturales en los tiempos actuales representa un problema; lo ideal es denominarlas regiones geográficas. Esto porque en nuestro medio ya no existen las llamadas regiones naturales. A nivel mundial la única región que podría encajar bajo esa denominación es la Antártida, donde aún no existe presencia humana en forma plena y sobre todo modificadora del paisaje. El medio geográfico tan variado que posee nuestro país ha motivado que a través del tiempo se realicen diversos ensayos y estudios de clasificación regional, con diversos criterios y puntos de vista no siempre concordantes. Señalaremos a continuación algunas de esas clasificaciones. CLASIFICACIÓN TRADICIONAL Considerada por algunos como una clasificación de criterio simplista, proviene de versión de algunos conquistadores españoles, que en sus crónicas y relaciones insertaron datos y descripciones geográficas, siendo quizá la visión más relevante la que nos dejó Pedro de Cieza de León, en su valiosísima Crónica del Perú (1553), estableciendo para nuestro territorio tres zonas bien definidas: la costa, la sierra o las serranías y la selva. El término sierra es quizá el de más importancia en su relato pues se refiere a la característica de un relieve accidentado por la presencia abundante de montañas (forma de sierra o serrucho al observar el horizonte). Este criterio occidental para describir nuestra realidad geográfica ha prevalecido por varios siglos y en la práctica para muchos sigue teniendo vigencia -revísense para el caso algunas de las publicaciones de nivel escolar y universitario-; y la óptica occidental, simplista y con vicios de enfoque,casi se ha generalizado en los medios de comunicación y en otros diversos ámbitos de nuestra sociedad, ya que el común de las gentes sigue hablando de tres regiones y hasta las publicaciones oficiales basan sus datos y planes en dicho criterio.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia
    geosciences Article Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia Pamela Soto-Rogel 1,* , Juan-Carlos Aravena 2, Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier 1, Pamela Gross 3, Claudio Pérez 4, Álvaro González-Reyes 5 and Jussi Griessinger 1 1 Institute of Geography, Friedrich–Alexander-University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] (W.J.-H.M.); [email protected] (J.G.) 2 Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 4 Private Consultant, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 5 Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 June 2020; Accepted: 13 August 2020; Published: 16 August 2020 Abstract: Spatio-temporal patterns of climatic variability have effects on the environmental conditions of a given land territory and consequently determine the evolution of its productive activities. One of the most direct ways to evaluate this relationship is to measure the condition of the vegetation cover and land-use information. In southernmost South America there is a limited number of long-term studies on these matters, an incomplete network of weather stations and almost no database on ecosystems productivity. In the present work, we characterized the climate variability of the Magellan Region, southernmost Chilean Patagonia, for the last 34 years, studying key variables associated with one of its main economic sectors, sheep production, and evaluating the effect of extreme weather events on ecosystem productivity and sheep production.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Nomination - Iucn Technical Evaluation
    WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION PENINSULA VALDES (ARGENTINA) 1. DOCUMENTATION i) IUCN/WCMC Data Sheet (11 references). ii) Additional Literature Consulted: Davis, S. ed. 1997. Centres of Plant Diversity. Vol. 3. IUCN/WWF, pp 549-542; Kelleher, Bleakley & Wells. ed. 1995. A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas. Vol. 2. IUCN/ WB/GBRMPA, pp 76-83; Stattersfield, Crosby, et al. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. Birdlife Conservation Series No. 7, pp 256-258; Reeves & Leatherwood. 1994. Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales – Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans. IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group, pp 26-30; Bubas. 1996. Orcas de la Península Valdés. 13 p; Conway, R. & K. Payne. 1976. Patagonia: A wild shore where two worlds meet. National Geographic. 3/1976, pp 290-322; Erize. 1966. Sea Mammals of Patagonia. Animals. Vol. 8. No. 18, 4/1966, pp 479-481; CPPS/PNUMA. 1992. Plan de Acción para la Conservación de los Mamíferos Marinos en el Pacífico Sudeste. Informes y Estudios del Programa de Mares Regionales del PNUMA (UNEP), pp 110-155; Administración de Parques Nacionales de la Argentina. 1998. Las Areas Naturales Protegidas de la Argentina. APN/IUCN/FAO, 65 p; Leitch. 1990. South America's National Parks: A Visitor's Guide. The Mountaineers, pp 73-89. iii) Consultations: 5 external reviewers, National Parks Administration of Argentina, National Secretary for Tourism, National Commission of Co-operation with UNESCO, Patagonia Natural Foundation, Direction of Conservation and Tourism of the Chubut Province, EcoValdés Foundation, Superintendent of Península Valdés, National Centre for Patagonia, Association of Landowners of Península Valdés, Association of Artisan Fishermen, University of Patagonia, representative of Puerto Pirámides community, Whale watching tour operators, landowners iv) Field Visit: January 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Dossier
    THE LATIN AMERICA TRAVEL COMPANY TAILOR MADE ARGENTINA SELF DRIVE, MENDOZA TO SALTA ITINERARY ▶ CONTENTS, ABOUT US & TRIP SUMMARY CONTENTS OF THIS DOSSIER TRIP SUMMARY 2 ..... Contents, about us & trip summary DAY 1: Meet & greet at airport, private transfer to hotel 3 ….. Testimonials DAY 2: A city tour of the highlights of Buenos Aires 4 ..... Guide price and inclusions DAY 3: Fly to Mendoza, transfer to vineyard & asado dinner 5 ..... Detailed day by day itinerary DAY 4: A day of wine tasting at high end wineries & lunch 19 ... Recommended reading list DAY 5: Start driving north, stopping in Villa Unión 20 ... Booking conditions DAY 6: 4X4 excursion to the high Andean Puna DAY 7: Talampaya national park & a scenic drive to Belen ABOUT OUR COMPANY DAY 8: Drive to the wine town of Cafayate DAY 9: A day at leisure to visit wineries & enjoy the scenery As one of the UK’s leading, independent and family owned Latin DAY 10: Drive past the most stunning landscapes to Cachi America tour specialists our focus is on well thought through private and tailor made adventures. Our emphasis is very much on DAY 11: Continue past Los Cardones to Salta creating the right trip for you and we work closely with you in order DAY 12: A day at leisure or optional horse riding to achieve this. We use our experience and knowledge to ensure DAY 13: Return to Salta airport & fly back to Buenos Aires your trip to Latin America is a trip of a lifetime! DAY 14: Private transfer to the airport for departure ALL TOURS ARE FINANCIALLY PROTECTED SPEAK TO SOMEONE WHO HAS BEEN TO ARGENTINA THE LATIN AMERICA TRAVEL COMPANY We are members of ABTA (Y1699) and our tours are ATOL protected ■ www.thelatinamericatravelcompany.com (license 10287) giving you full peace of mind when booking with us ■ [email protected] both for monies paid to us as well as the code of conduct and high ☎ standards that membership of these organisations require.
    [Show full text]