Global Warming Potentials (Gwps), and Global Temperature Change Potentials (Gtps)
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Aldrich Vapor
Aldrich Vapor Library Listing – 6,611 spectra This library is an ideal tool for investigator using FT-IR to analyze gas phase materials. It contains gas phase spectra collected by Aldrich using a GC-IR interface to ensure chromatographically pure samples. The Aldrich FT-IR Vapor Phase Library contains 6,611 gas phase FT-IR spectra collected by Aldrich Chemical Company using a GC interface. The library includes compound name, molecular formula, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number, Aldrich catalog number, and page number in the Aldrich Library of FT-IR Spectra, Edition 1, Volume 3, Vapor-Phase. Aldrich Vapor Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 6417 ((1- 3495 (1,2-Dibromoethyl)benzene; Styrene Ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy)trimethylsilane dibromide 2081 (+)-3-(Heptafluorobutyryl)camphor 3494 (1-Bromoethyl)benzene; 1-Phenylethyl 2080 (+)-3-(Trifluoroacetyl)camphor bromide 262 (+)-Camphene; 2,2-Dimethyl-3- 6410 (1-Hydroxyallyl)trimethylsilane methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 6605 (1-Methyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1- 2828 (+)-Diisopropyl L-tartrate yl)manganese tricarbonyl 947 (+)-Isomenthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5b)]-2- 6250 (1-Propynyl)benzene; 1-Phenylpropyne Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexano 2079 (1R)-(+)-3-Bromocamphor, endo- 1230 (+)-Limonene oxide, cis + trans; (+)-1,2- 2077 (1R)-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-1,7,7- Epoxy-4-isopropenyl-1- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan- 317 (+)-Longifolene; (1S)-8-Methylene- 976 (1R)-(+)-Fenchyl alcohol, endo- 3,3,7-trimethyltricyclo[5.4.0 2074 (1R)-(+)-Nopinone; (1R)-(+)-6,6- 949 (+)-Menthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5a)]-(+)-2- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2- -
An Automated Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry System for the Sensitive Shipboard Analysis of Volatile Organi
J. Sep. Sci. 2001, 24, 97–103 Hashimoto, Tanaka, Yamashita, Maeda97 Shinya Hashimotoa), An automated purge and trap gas chromatography- Toshiyuki Tanakab), mass spectrometry system for the sensitive Nobuyoshi Yamashitab), Tsuneaki Maedac) shipboard analysis of volatile organic compounds in seawater a) Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of We developed an automated purge and trap unit connected to a gas chromatograph- Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato- mass spectrometer for shipboard determination of unstable volatile organic com- ku, Tokyo 108±8477, Japan pounds in seawater. The device used a small column for the rapid desorption of ad- b) National Institute for sorbed compounds, thus eliminating the need for post-desorption cryofocusing. The Resources and Environment, a 16-3 Onogawa, Tsukuba, repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD; n = 7) was typically 5%. The detection Ibaraki 305±8569, Japan limits were 0.1–4.3 pM for chloromethane, bromomethane, dichloromethane, iodo- c) DKK Corporation, 4-13-14 methane, dimethyl sulfide, iodoethane, isoprene, bromochloromethane, chloroform, Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino- tetrachloromethane, dibromomethane, bromodichloromethane, iodopropane, chlor- shi, Tokyo 108-0001, Japan oiodomethane, dimethyl disulfide, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, and diiodo- methane. To investigate the stability of seawater samples, we obtained a concentra- tion-time profile of volatile organic compounds using this method during the incubation of a seawater sample with and without the addition of HgCl2 in the dark at 48C. We found shipboard determination to be suitable and essential for the determination of un- stable compounds such as dimethyl sulfide in seawater, as the concentration of di- methyl sulfide increased considerably during the incubation of a seawater sample both with and without the addition of HgCl2. -
IIIHIIII US005202462A United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 5,202,462 Yazawa Et Al
IIIHIIII US005202462A United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 5,202,462 Yazawa et al. 45) Date of Patent: Apr. 13, 1993 (54) PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HALOMETHYL PVALATE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 75) Inventors: Naoto Yazawa, Shizuoka; Keinosuke 224.5457 3/1973 Fed. Rep. of Germany . Ishikame, Tokyo, both of Japan 3152341 6/1988 Japan ................................... 560/236 73) Assignee: hara Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., OTHER PUBLICATIONS Tokyo, Japan Chemical Abstracts, vol. 107, No. 17, Oct. 26, 1987, Andreev et al: "Chloromethyl pivalate." p. 664, Ab (21) Appl. No.: 920,529 stract No. 153938q. (22 Filed: Jul. 28, 1992 Chemical Abstracts, vol. 101, No. 23, Dec. 3, 1984, Binderup et al: "Chlorosulfates as reagents in the syn Related U.S. Application Data thesis of carboxylic acid esters . ', p. 563, Abstract 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 686,921, Apr. 18, 1991, aban No. 210 048b. doned. Primary Examiner-Arthur C. Prescott (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt Apr. 20, 1990 JP Japan .................................. 2-104544 (51) Int. Cl* ... co7C 69/62 57 ABSTRACT 52) U.S. C. ............... A process for producing a halomethyl pivalate which 58) Field of Search ......................................... S60/236 comprises reacting an aqueous solution of a metal salt of pivalic acid with a dihalomethane selected from the (56) References Cited group consisting of bromochloromethane, chloroi U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS odomethane and bromoiodomethane in the presence of 3,992,432 11/1976 Napier ................................. 560/236 a phase transfer catalyst. 4,421,675 12/1983 Sawicki. ... 560/236 4,699,991 0/1987 Arkles ................................. 560/236 14 Claims, No Drawings 5,202,462 1 2 According to the present invention, it is essential to PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HALOMETHYL have a phase transfer catalyst present during the reac PVALATE tion of the aqueous solution of metal salt of pivalic acid with the dihalomethane. -
SROC Annex V
Annex V Major Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature This annex presents the formulae and nomenclature for halogen-containing species and other species that are referred to in this report (Annex V.1). The nomenclature for refrigerants and refrigerant blends is given in Annex V.2. V.1 Substances by Groupings V.1.1 Halogen-Containing Species V.1.1.1 Inorganic Halogen-Containing Species Atomic chlorine Cl Atomic bromine Br Molecular chlorine Cl2 Molecular bromine Br2 Chlorine monoxide ClO Bromine monoxide BrO Chlorine radicals ClOx Bromine radicals BrOx Chloroperoxy radical ClOO Bromine nitrate BrONO2, BrNO3 Dichlorine peroxide (ClO dimer) (ClO)2, Cl2O2 Potassium bromide KBr Hydrogen chloride (Hydrochloric acid) HCl Inorganic chlorine Cly Antimony pentachloride SbCl5 Atomic fluorine F Molecular fluorine F2 Atomic iodine I Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) HF Molecular iodine I2 Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 Nitrogen trifluoride NF3 IPCC Boek (dik).indb 467 15-08-2005 10:57:13 468 IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System V.1.1.2 Halocarbons For each halocarbon the following information is given in columns: • Chemical compound [Number of isomers]1 (or common name) • Chemical formula • CAS number2 • Chemical name (or alternative name) V.1.1.2.1 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 CCl3F 75-69-4 Trichlorofluoromethane CFC-12 CCl2F2 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane CFC-13 CClF3 75-72-9 Chlorotrifluoromethane CFC-113 [2] C2Cl3F3 Trichlorotrifluoroethane CCl FCClF 76-13-1 CFC-113 2 2 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane -
Reactive Chlorine Compounds in the Atmosphere
CHAPTER 1 Reactive Bromine Compounds O.N.Singh 1 · P.Fabian 2 1 Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Munich, Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Bromine, a minor constituent in the Earth’s atmosphere – with its 50-fold higher efficiency of ozone destruction compared to chlorine – contributes significantly to the ozone hole formation and wintertime stratospheric ozone depletion over northern mid and high latitudes.In addition ozone episodes observed in the Arctic during polar sunrise are solely due to atmospheric bromine.CH3Br, CH2Br2 and CHBr3 are the major brominated gases in the atmosphere, of which CH3Br being most abundant, contributes about 50% and CH2Br2 around 7 to 10% of the total organic stratospheric bromine.Bromocarbons with shorter lifetimes like CHBr3 ,CH2BrCl, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2 and CH2BrI decompose before reaching the stratosphere, and are responsible for the ozone episodes.But for 3CHBr, which has also significant anthropogenic sources, all the aforementioned bromocarbons are mostly of marine origin.Halons (H-1211, H-1301, H-2402, H-1202) are solely anthropogenic and are far more stable.They decompose only after reaching the stratosphere.It is estimated that 39% of the stratospheric organic bromine (ª 7 pptv) loading is due to these halons.Increa- ses are being still registered in the atmospheric abundance of halons in spite of production restrictions.Though extensively investigated,the existing knowledge with regard to the pro- duction and degradation of atmospheric bromine gases, is not commensurate with its importance. -
Maine Remedial Action Guidelines (Rags) for Contaminated Sites
Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites (RAGs) Effective Date: May 1, 2021 Approved by: ___________________________ Date: April 27, 2021 David Burns, Director Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management Executive Summary MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 17 State House Station | Augusta, Maine 04333-0017 www.maine.gov/dep Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites Contents 1 Disclaimer ...................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................... 1 2.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Consistency with Superfund Risk Assessment .............................................................................. 1 2.3 When to Use RAGs and When to Develop a Site-Specific Risk Assessment ................................. 1 3 Applicability ................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Applicable Programs & DEP Approval Process ............................................................................. 2 3.1.1 Uncontrolled Hazardous Substance Sites ............................................................................. 2 3.1.2 Voluntary Response Action Program -
Burske Norbert W 195708 Phd
"In presenting the dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology, I agree that the Library of the Institution shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to copy from, or to publish from, this dissertation may be granted by the professor under whose direction it was written, or, in his absence, by the dean of the Graduate Division when such copying or publication is solely for scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from, or publication of, this dissertation which involves potential financial gain will not be allowed without written permission. n It THE KINETICS OF THE BASE-CATALYZED DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE OF SOME HALOFORMS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate Division Georgia Institute of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemistry By Norbert William Burske June 1957 1< THE KINETICS OF THE BASE-CATALYZED DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE OF SOME HALOFORMS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Approved, J I ki Jack Hine I ,r Lod D. Frashier Erlft.Edg Grovenstein, Jr. Date Approved by Chairman, ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to gratefully acknowledge his in- debtedness to Dr. J. Hine for invaluable guidance and without his aid this project would never have been completed. Also, the author is indebted to the Atomic Energy Commission and the Office of Ordnance Research, U. S. Army for sponsoring assistantships. -
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Brominated Trihalomethanes
United States Office of Science and EPA-822-R-05-011 Environmental Technology November 15, 2005 Protection Agency Washington, D.C. EPA Office of Water DRINKING WATER CRITERIA DOCUMENT FOR BROMINATED TRIHALOMETHANES Prepared for Health and Ecological Criteria Division Office of Science and Technology Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 under EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-206 Work assignment 3-16 by Syracuse Research Corporation 6225 Running Ridge Road North Syracuse, NY 13212 Under subcontract to The Cadmus Group, Inc. 135 Beaver Street Waltham, MA 02452 FOREWORD Section 1412 (b) (3) (A) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1986, requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to publish Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and promulgate National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for each contaminant, which, in the judgment of the Administrator, may have an adverse effect on public health and which is known or anticipated to occur in public water systems. The MCLG is nonenforceable and is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse health effects in humans occur and which allows for an adequate margin of safety. Factors considered in setting the MCLG include health effects data and sources of exposure other than drinking water. This document provides the health effects basis to be considered in establishing the MCLGs for brominated trihalomethanes found in chlorinated drinking water. To achieve this objective, data on pharmacokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology and mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated. Specific emphasis is placed on literature data providing dose-response information. -
Nicolet Vapor Phase
Nicolet Vapor Phase Library Listing – 8,654 spectra This library is one the most comprehensive collections of vapor phase FT-IR spectra. It is an invaluable tool for scientist involved in investigations on gas phase materials. The Nicolet Vapor Phase Library contains 8654 FT-IR spectra of compounds measured in gas phase. Most spectra were acquired by the Sigma-Aldrich Co. using product samples. Additional spectra were collected by Hannover University, University of Wurzburg and Thermo Fisher Scientific applications scientists. Spectra were collected using sampling techniques including heated or room temperature gas cell or a heated light-pipe connected to the outlet of a gas chromatograph. Nicolet Vapor Phase Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 8402 ((1- 5457 (-)-8-Phenylmenthol; (-)-(1R,2S,5R)-5- Ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy)trimethylsilane Methyl-2-(2-phenyl-2-propyl)cyc 4408 (+)-1,3-Diphenylbutane 1095 (-)-Carveol, mixture of isomers; p- 4861 (+)-1-Bromo-2,4-diphenylbutane Mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol 2406 (+)-3-(Heptafluorobutyryl)camphor 3628 (-)-Diisopropyl D-tartrate 2405 (+)-3-(Trifluoroacetyl)camphor 1427 (-)-Limonene oxide, cis + trans; (-)-1,2- 281 (+)-3R-Isolimonene, trans-; (1R,4R)- Epoxy-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl (+)-p-Mentha-2,8-diene 1084 (-)-Menthol; [1R-(1a,2b,5a)]-(-)-2- 289 (+)-Camphene; 2,2-Dimethyl-3- Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 2750 (-)-Menthoxyacetic acid 3627 (+)-Diisopropyl L-tartrate 1096 (-)-Myrtanol, cis-; (1S,2R)-6,6- 2398 (+)-Fenchone; (+)-1,3,3- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2-metha -
Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options
PROJECT NO. 4991 Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options Prepared by: Jean Debroux Kennedy Jenks Consultants Megan H. Plumlee Orange County Water District Shane Trussell Trussell Technologies, Inc. Co-sponsored by: California State Water Resources Control Board 2021 The Water Research Foundation (WRF) is a nonprofit (501c3) organization which provides a unified source for One Water research and a strong presence in relationships with partner organizations, government and regulatory agencies, and Congress. The foundation conducts research in all areas of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, and water reuse. The Water Research Foundation’s research portfolio is valued at over $700 million. WRF plays an important role in the translation and dissemination of applied research, technology demonstration, and education, through creation of research-based educational tools and technology exchange opportunities. WRF serves as a leader and model for collaboration across the water industry and its materials are used to inform policymakers and the public on the science, economic value, and environmental benefits of using and recovering resources found in water, as well as the feasibility of implementing new technologies. For more information, contact: The Water Research Foundation 1199 North Fairfax Street, Suite 900 6666 West Quincy Avenue Alexandria, VA 22314-1445 Denver, Colorado 80235-3098 www.waterrf.org P 571.384.2100 P 303.347.6100 [email protected] ©Copyright 2021 by The Water Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Permission to copy must be obtained from The Water Research Foundation. WRF ISBN: 978-1-60573-555-9 WRF Project Number: 4991 This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by The Water Research Foundation. -
Potential Chemical Contaminants in the Marine Environment
Potential chemical contaminants in the marine environment An overview of main contaminant lists Victoria Tornero, Georg Hanke 2017 EUR 28925 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Name: Victoria Tornero Address: European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D Sustainable Resources, Water and Marine Resources Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA) Email: [email protected] Tel.: +39-0332-785984 JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC 108964 EUR 28925 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-79-77045-6 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/337288 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 © European Union, 2017 The reuse of the document is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the original meaning or message of the texts are not distorted. The European Commission shall not be held liable for any consequences stemming from the reuse. How to cite this report: Tornero V, Hanke G. Potential chemical contaminants in the marine environment: An overview of main contaminant lists. ISBN 978-92-79-77045-6, EUR 28925, doi:10.2760/337288 All images © European Union 2017 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 2 Compilation of substances of environmental concern ............................................. -
Ozone Depletion by Bromine and Iodine Over the Gulf of Mexico
Final Report Ozone Depletion by Bromine and Iodine over the Gulf of Mexico Prepared for: Jocelyn Mellberg Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 12100 Park 35 Circle, MC 164 Austin, TX 78753 Prepared by: Greg Yarwood, Tanarit Sakulyanontvittaya, Ou Nopmongcol and Bonyoung Koo ENVIRON International Corporation 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115 Novato, California, 94945 www.environcorp.com P-415-899-0700 F-415-899-0707 November 2014 November 2014 CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 CHEMICAL MECHANISM ................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Base Mechanism: CB6r2 .................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Halogen Chemistry ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Chlorine Mechanism ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Bromine Mechanism ........................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Iodine .................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.4 Integrated Halogen Mechanism ......................................................................... 20 3.0 MODELING DATABASE ................................................................................................