Investigation of the Role of T and B Cells in a Novel Humanized Mouse Model for Systemic Sclerosis

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Investigation of the Role of T and B Cells in a Novel Humanized Mouse Model for Systemic Sclerosis Aus dem Forschungszentrum Borstel Leibniz Lungenzentrum Direktor: Prof. Dr. Stefan Ehlers und der Universität zu Lübeck Klinik für Rheumatologie Direktorin: Prof. Dr. Gabriela Riemekasten Investigation of the role of T and B cells in a novel humanized mouse model for systemic sclerosis Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Universität zu Lübeck - Sektion Medizin- submitted by Yaqing Shu from JiangXi, China Lübeck 2019 First referee: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Xinhua Yu Second referee: Prof. Dr. med. Peter König Date of oral examination: 15. 01. 2020 Approved for printing. Lübeck, den 15.01.2020 - Promotionskommission der Sektion Medizin - Table of Contents Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................................... 1 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Abbreviation ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Systemic sclerosis (SSc)........................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1. Clinical features in SSc .......................................................................................................6 1.1.2. Immunological features of SSc........................................................................................... 7 1.1.3. Risk factors for SSc.............................................................................................................8 1.1.3.1 Role of environmental factors in SSc..............................................................................8 1.1.3.2 Role of genetic factors in SSc .........................................................................................9 1.2. Humanized mouse models for SSc…………………………………………................... 10 1.2.1. Humanized mouse model for autoimmune diseases....................................................... 11 1.2.2. Humanized mouse models for SSc....……..………………………….……....………...12 1.3. Aim of this study................................................................................................................ 13 2. Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................. 14 2.1. Materials........................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1. Patients enrollment........................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2. Mice.................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3. Equipment and consumables…………………………….………………………...... 14 2.1.4. Chemical reagents..............................................................................................................16 2.1.5. Buffers and solutions........................................................................................................ 17 2.1.6. Antibodie…………………………………………………….………………………......18 2.1.7. Kits………………………………………………………….………………………...... 19 2.2. Methods ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.1. Isolation of human PBMC………….……………………...…..........……...……............20 2.2.2. Depletion of human T or B cells from PBMC.................................................................. 20 2.2.3. Adoptive transfer of PBMC.............................................................................................. 20 2.2.4. Isolation of leukocytes from murine blood................................................................... 20 I 2.2.5. Preparation of murine serum samples ...................................................................... 21 2.2.6. Flow cytometry (FACS) ................................................................................................ 21 2.2.7. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...................................................... 22 2.2.8. Histology ……………................................................................................................ 22 2.2.9. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining ............................................................. 24 2.2.10. Statistical analysis …………………………………………………………………... 27 3. Results.......................................................................................................................................... 28 3.1. Experimental setup of the study ........................................................................................... 28 3.2 Demographic and clinical features of patients with SSc ....................................................... 28 3.3 Depletion of T- or B- cells from human PBMC..................................................................... 30 3.4 PBMC transfer-induced mortality in mice .............................................................................31 3.5 Adoptively transferred human PBMC in murine peripheral blood….................................... 32 3.6 Architecture and cellularity of spleens after transfer of human PBMC..................................35 3.7 Production of human IgG and autoantibodies.........................................................................36 3.8 Tissue inflammation in recipient mice ..................................................................................39 4. Discussion.................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1. Role of T cells in the humanized mouse model for SSc............................................... 41 4.2. Role of B cells in the humanized mouse model for SSc ........................................... 42 4.3. Interaction between T and B cells......................................................................................….43 4.4. Clinical relevance of the humanized mouse model for SSc.................................................. 45 4.5. Limitations of this study........................................................................................................ 45 5. Conclusion and perspectives ..................................................................................................... 46 5.1. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 46 5.2. Perspectives.......................................................................................................................... 46 References ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 60 Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................................................... 61 Publications .................................................................................................................................... 62 II Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Die Systemische Sklerose (SSc) ist eine komplexe autoimmune Bindegewebserkrankung mit unklarer Pathogenese. Vor kurzem wurde in unserer Arbeitsgruppe ein neuartiges humanisiertes Mausmodell für SSc etabliert, bei dem mononukleäre periphere Blutzellen (PBMC) aus SSc-Patienten in Rag2-/-Il2R-/- immundefiziente Mäuse übertragen werden. Mäuse, die PBMC von SSc-Patienten erhalten, entwickeln systemische Entzündungssymptome in Lunge, Niere und Leber, welche in dieser Form auch in der SSc auftreten. In der vorliegenden Studie sollte die Rolle der menschlichen T- und B-Zellen in der Pathogenese der experimentellen SSc im humanisierten Mausmodell untersucht werden. Methoden: PBMC wurden aus 11, in der Rheumatologischen Klinik der Universität Lübeck behandelten, SSc-Patienten isoliert. Humane CD3+ T- oder CD19+ B-Zellen wurden mit Hilfe magnetischer Zellsortierung (MACS) aus den PBMC entfernt. Um eine Erkrankung bei Mäusen zu induzieren, wurden 2 × 107 PBMC vor bzw. nach T- oder B-Zelldepletion mittels intraperitonealer (i.p.) Injektion in die Rag2-/-Il2R-/- Mäuse übertragen. Die Empfängermäuse wurden 12 Wochen nach dem Transfer abgetötet und Blut, Milz, Lunge, Niere, Herz, Leber, Muskel, Ösophagus, Darm sowie Haut für weitere Untersuchungen gesammelt. Menschliche T- und B-Zellen wurden vor dem Transfer und in der 6. und 12. Woche nach dem Transfer mittels Durchflusszytometrie (FACS) bestimmt. Weiterhin wurden die Serumspiegel des humanen Gesamt- IgGs, sowie die Spiegel spezifischer Antikörper gegen Angiotensin-II-Typ-1-Rezeptors (AT1R) und Endothelin-1-Typ-A-Rezeptors (ETAR) in den Empfängermäusen mittels ELISA gemessen. Die Histopathologie der Haut und der inneren Organe wurde in Schnitten nach Hämatoxylin- und Eosin-(H&E-)Färbung untersucht. Definierte Zellpopulationen in den erkrankten Organen wurden durch immunhistochemische Verfahren bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Sowohl T-Zellen als auch B-Zellen konnten durch Depletion erfolgreich aus den PBMC der Patienten entfernt werden. Dabei zeigte
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