Gunnar Färber Minerals Systematic - Minerals from All Over the World 2020/03/05
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Phyllosilicates in the Sediment-Forming Processes: Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
Acta Geodyn. Geomater., Vol. 6, No. 1 (153), 13–43, 2009 PHYLLOSILICATES IN THE SEDIMENT-FORMING PROCESSES: WEATHERING, EROSION, TRANSPORTATION, AND DEPOSITION Jiří KONTA Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2 Home address: Korunní 127, 130 00 Prague 3, Czech Republic *Corresponding author‘s e-mail: [email protected] (Received October 2008, accepted January 2009) ABSTRACT Phyllosilicates are classified into the following groups: 1 - Neutral 1:1 structures: the kaolinite and serpentine group. 2 - Neutral 2:1 structures: the pyrophyllite and talc group. 3 - High-charge 2:1 structures, non-expansible in polar liquids: illite and the dioctahedral and trioctahedral micas, also brittle micas. 4 - Low- to medium-charge 2:1 structures, expansible phyllosilicates in polar liquids: smectites and vermiculites. 5 - Neutral 2:1:1 structures: chlorites. 6 - Neutral to weak-charge ribbon structures, so-called pseudophyllosilicates or hormites: palygorskite and sepiolite (fibrous crystalline clay minerals). 7 - Amorphous clay minerals. Order-disorder states, polymorphism, polytypism, and interstratifications of phyllosilicates are influenced by several factors: 1) a chemical micromilieu acting during the crystallization in any environment, including the space of clay pseudomorphs after original rock-forming silicates or volcanic glasses; 2) the accepted thermal energy; 3) the permeability. The composition and properties of parent rocks and minerals in the weathering crusts, the elevation, and topography of source areas and climatic conditions control the intensity of weathering, erosion, and the resulting assemblage of phyllosilicates to be transported after erosion. The enormously high accumulation of phyllosilicates in the sedimentary lithosphere is primarily conditioned by their high up to extremely high chemical stability in water-rich environments (expressed by index of corrosion, IKO). -
Italian Type Minerals / Marco E
THE AUTHORS This book describes one by one all the 264 mi- neral species first discovered in Italy, from 1546 Marco E. Ciriotti was born in Calosso (Asti) in 1945. up to the end of 2008. Moreover, 28 minerals He is an amateur mineralogist-crystallographer, a discovered elsewhere and named after Italian “grouper”, and a systematic collector. He gradua- individuals and institutions are included in a pa- ted in Natural Sciences but pursued his career in the rallel section. Both chapters are alphabetically industrial business until 2000 when, being General TALIAN YPE INERALS I T M arranged. The two catalogues are preceded by Manager, he retired. Then time had come to finally devote himself to his a short presentation which includes some bits of main interest and passion: mineral collecting and information about how the volume is organized related studies. He was the promoter and is now the and subdivided, besides providing some other President of the AMI (Italian Micromineralogical As- more general news. For each mineral all basic sociation), Associate Editor of Micro (the AMI maga- data (chemical formula, space group symmetry, zine), and fellow of many organizations and mine- type locality, general appearance of the species, ralogical associations. He is the author of papers on main geologic occurrences, curiosities, referen- topological, structural and general mineralogy, and of a mineral classification. He was awarded the “Mi- ces, etc.) are included in a full page, together cromounters’ Hall of Fame” 2008 prize. Etymology, with one or more high quality colour photogra- geoanthropology, music, and modern ballet are his phs from both private and museum collections, other keen interests. -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages II16-1 121, 1992 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JonN L. J,lrvrnon CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0G1, Canada Jacrr Pvztnwtcz Institute of Geological Sciences,University of Wroclaw, Cybulskiego30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland Camerolaite* wt0/0, corresponding to Na, ,u(ZnoroMnOo,o)ro ro - .4.03HrO, H. Sarp, P. Perroud (1991) (Ti38sNb0 07Fe' 04),3 e6Si8 08Or8 ideally Nau- Camerolaite,CuoAlr- . [HSbO.,SO4](OH),0(CO3). 2HrO, a new mineral from ZnTioSirO,, 4H,O. The mineral contains0.18-0.22 wto/o Cap Garonne mine, Var, France.Neues Jahrb. Mineral. F. Occurs as fan-shaped intergrowths of long prismatic Mon.,481-486. crystals,elongate [001], flattened [100], up to 7 mm long and 0.1 mm thick. Transparent, white to colorless,some Electron microprobe (ave. of eight) and CHN analyses grains with a silver tint; vitreous luster, elastic, crushes (for CO, and HrO) gaveCuO 40.56,AlrO3 14.54,SbrO5 into thin fibers along the elongation; uneven, splintery 13.55,SO3 4.75, CO2 6.26,F{2O 20.00, sum 99.66wto/o, fracture, white streak, yellow-green luminescencein the correspondingto Cu.,6,4,1, jeSo Co O,n ide- eesb' ol eeHrs 5, oo, electronmicroprobe beam, hardness 517-571 (ave.544) ally CuoAlr[HSbO4,SO4XOH),0(CO3).2HrO.Occurs as kglmm2 with a 20-g load (Mohs 5.5-6), no cleavage,{010} tufts and radiating aggregates(0.5-2 mm) of transparent, parting. D-"u" : 2.90, D"ut": 2.95 g/cm3 with Z : 2. blue-greenacicular crystalsup to 0.5 mm long and show- Colorlessin transmitted light, nonpleochroic, straight ex- ing {100} and {001}, flattenedon {100}, elongate[010]. -
( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,674,746 B2 Wozniak (45 ) Date of Patent : Jun
US010674746B2 ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,674,746 B2 Wozniak (45 ) Date of Patent : Jun . 9 , 2020 (54 ) ANIMAL NUTRITION COMPOSITIONS AND 6,475,530 B1 11/2002 Kuhrts RELATED METHODS 6,479,069 B1 11/2002 Hamilton 6,506,402 B1 1/2003 Winstrom 6,525,027 B2 2/2003 Vazquez et al . (71 ) Applicant: CYTOZYME ANIMAL NUTRITION , 6,602,512 B1 8/2003 Cavazza INC . , Salt Lake City , UT (US ) 6,620,425 B1 9/2003 Gardiner 6,682,762 B2 1/2004 Register (72 ) Inventor : Elizabeth Wozniak , Sandy , UT (US ) 6,767,924 B2 7/2004 Yu et al . 6,784,209 B1 8/2004 Gardiner et al. 6,903,136 B2 6/2005 Miller et al. (73 ) Assignee: Cytozyme Animal Nutrition , Inc. , Salt 6,932,999 B2 8/2005 Cavazza Lake City , UT (US ) 7,452,545 B2 11/2008 Yu et al. 7,597,916 B2 10/2009 Castillo ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 7,608,641 B2 10/2009 Miller et al . patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,645,742 B2 1/2010 Stohs 7,674,484 B2 3/2010 Romero U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days . 7,749,547 B2 7/2010 Heuer et al . 7,772,428 B2 8/2010 Heuer et al. ( 21) Appl. No.: 15 /958,817 ( Continued ) Filed : ( 22 ) Apr. 20 , 2018 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65 ) Prior Publication Data CN 102548568 B 4/2014 US 2018/0235257 A1 EP 1 330 957 A1 7/2003 Aug. 23 , 2018 EP 1 207 885 B1 9/2005 EP 2 081 564 B1 1/2014 Related U.S. -
Interactions of Clay Minerals and Their Effects on Copper-Gold Flotation Nestor Cruz Beng, Msc in Chemical Engineering
Interactions of Clay Minerals and their Effects on Copper-Gold Flotation Nestor Cruz BEng, MSc in Chemical Engineering A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 Sustainable Minerals Institute Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre Abstract The continuous depletion of mineral resources has resulted in the increased processing of low grade complex ores that in some cases contain clay minerals. These gangue minerals are often associated with ores containing copper and gold and can cause problems in mineral flotation. Some of the observations from industry when high clay ores are processed include the high flotation pulp viscosity, over-stable froth or absent froth, and lower grade and recovery. Clay minerals are small flat particles that occur in colloidal size ranges with charges on their surfaces that may change with pH. These characteristics allow them to interact with water, reagents and other gangue minerals present in flotation pulp. Given these properties and interactions it is expected that clay minerals can cause high slurry viscosities and mechanical entrainment contributing to the decline of flotation kinetics and/or dilution of flotation concentrates. Some solutions to high viscosity and entrainment are the dilution of flotation pulp, desliming, and the blending of easy to process ores and problematic ores. However, the dilution of flotation pulp increases water consumption and reduces plant throughput, desliming removes fine valuable minerals as well, and blending ores is also impractical since at some point it is necessary to process the high clay content ores alone. The use of dispersants or depressants to reduce viscosity and entrainment could be an effective way to improve the flotation of this type of ores, but to make the best use of this alternative it is essential to understand at a fundamental level some of the interactions of clay minerals in flotation. -
Summary of Recommendations of the Aipea Nomenclature Commitiee
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18, pp. 143-150, (1980) SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITIEE S. W. BAILEY, Chairman· Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison,. Wisconsin 53706, U.s.A. INTRODUCTION turn have worked closely with the Commission' on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the Because of their small particle-size and vari I.M.A. (International Mineralogical Association). able degree of c'rystal perfection, it is not sur This summary of the recommendations made prising that clay minerals proved extremely to date by the international nomenclature-com difficult to characterize adequately prior to the mittees has been prepared in order to dissemi development of modern analytical,techniques. nate more widely the decisions reached and to Problems in characterization led quite naturally aid clay scientists in the correct usage of clay to problems in nomenclature, undoubtedly more nomenclature. Some of the material in the so than for the macroscopic, more perfectly present summary has been taken from an earlier crystalline minerals. The popular adoption in summary by Bailey et al. (1971a). the early 19508 of the powder X-ray diffracto meter for clay studies helped to solve some of CLASSIFICATION the problems of identification. Improvements in electron microscopy, electron diffraction and Agreement was reached early in the inter oblique texture electron diffraction, infrared and national discussions that a sound nomenclature DTA equipment, plus the development of nu is necessarily based on a satisfactory classifica clear and isotope technology, high-speed elec tion scheme. For this reason, the earliest and tronic computers, Mossbauer spectrometers and most extensive efforts of the several national most recently, the electron microprobe and committees on nomenclature have been ex scanning electron-microscope all have aided in pended on classification schemes. -
Twenty-Seventh List of New Mineral Names
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1972, VOL. 38, PP. 987-1OOl Twenty-seventh list of new mineral names M. H. HEY AND P. G. EMBREY Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 THE present list includes 147 names, of which 9 are spelling variants or errors, 26 new and unnecessary synonyms for known minerals and names for synthetic or hypo- thetical products not known in nature, and I4 a group of unnecessary varietal names proposed over a century ago by J. Frrbel, most of which have escaped inclusion in the literature until now, but are here noted 'for the record'. Names for inadequately characterized minerals 02) and names for minor varieties (I) still constitute an un- necessary burden on the literature. Most of the 85 new named species have been approved prior to publication by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association, and it is noticeable that few of those published without the Commission's approval are likely to prove worthy of species rank; in the present list names (other than spelling variants) published since I96o without the Commission's approval are distinguished by an asterisk (*); valid species are in bold-face type. To save space, references to certain journals are sometimes given in shortened form: A.M., Amer. Min. ; Bull., Bull. Soc. frang. Min. Crist. ; M.A., Mineralogical Abstracts; Zap., 3at1. Beecoto3. Mnn. o6~. (Mem. All-Union Min. Soe.). Agrinierite. F. Cesbron, W. L. Brown, P. Bariand, and J. Geffroy, 1972. Min. Mag. 38, 78I. Orange orthorhombi~ crystals, a 14"o4, b 24.o7, c 14.13 A, Cmmm, D 5"7, occur with uranophane in cavities in gummite at Margnac, France. -
View of Goldstrike Property Showing Section Lines and Drill Holes
MAPPING CLAY ALTERATION ACROSS THE NORTHERN GOLDSTRIKE PROPERTY USING SPECTROSCOPY AND REMOTE SENSING, EUREKA COUNTY, NEVADA Matt Bradford A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2008 Committee: Dr. Robert Vincent, Advisor Dr. John Farver Dr. Charles Onasch ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everybody at the Barrick: Goldstrike Exploration department, but I would especially like to thank Melissa Mateer and Charles Weakly for all the help they gave me. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. John Farver and Dr. Charles Onasch along with my thesis advisor Dr. Robert Vincent for encouraging me into graduate school and for helping get through it. Last, but not least I would like to thank my family and my girlfriend for calming me down and having unwavering faith in me. iii ABSTRACT Dr. Robert Vincent, Advisor The purpose of this study is to map the clay alteration across the northern portion of Barrick’s Goldstrike property, located along the Carlin trend. The study focused on the occurrences of three specific occurrences, ammonium-illite, kandites, and changes in the AlOH feature position (broken into four classes: sodium-rich, slightly sodium-rich, “normal,” and iron- rich) along three section lines. The clay alteration was mapped using down-hole spectroscopy (a spectral measurement was collected at 5-20 ft depth intervals in each hole) and remote sensing (Probe-1 airborne sensor). The remote sensing portion utilized pixels extracted by averaging the spectra of ammonium-illites and illites showing different AlOH feature positions and individually running them through Spetral Angle Mapper and ratio codes to identify areas with ammonium-illite and changes in the AlOH feature position. -
Clay Mineral Evolution 4 5 1,2* 1,3 3 4 6 Robert M
1 American Mineralogist MS #4425—Revision 3—June 7, 2013 2 3 Clay mineral evolution 4 5 1,2* 1,3 3 4 6 Robert M. Hazen , Dimitri A. Sverjensky , David Azzolini , David L. Bish , 2 3 5 7 Stephen C. Elmore , Linda Hinnov , Ralph E. Milliken 8 9 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 10 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D. C. 20015, USA. 11 2George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 20444, USA. 12 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 13 4Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington IN 47405, USA. 14 5Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1864, Providence, RI 02912 USA 15 16 ABSTRACT 17 Changes in the mechanisms of formation and global distribution of phyllosilicate clay 18 minerals through 4.567 Ga of planetary evolution in our Solar System reflect evolving tectonic, 19 geochemical, and biological processes. Clay minerals were absent prior to planetesimal 20 formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago but today are abundant in all near-surface Earth 21 environments. New clay mineral species and modes of clay mineral paragenesis occurred as a 22 consequence of major events in Earth’s evolution—notably the formation of a mafic crust and 23 oceans, the emergence of granite-rooted continents, the initiation of plate tectonics and 24 subduction, the Great Oxidation Event, and the rise of the terrestrial biosphere. The changing 25 character of clay minerals through time is thus an important part of Earth’s mineralogical history 26 and exemplifies the principles of mineral evolution. -
Procedures Involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and Guidelines on Mineral Nomenclature
American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987 Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature ERNEST H. NICKEL * Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia JOSEPH A. MANDARINO** Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada INTRODUCTION Proposed name and reason for its selection. The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names Description of the occurrence. Geographic and geologic (hereafter abbreviated as CNMMN) of the International occurrence, paragenesis, and a list of associated minerals, Mineralogical Association was established in 1959 for the particularly those in apparent equilibrium with the new purpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro- mineral. posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral- Chemical composition and method of analysis. ogical nomenclature, and discrediting or redefining exist- Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified. ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted to Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal class, space the CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv- group, unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, number of al is withheld, the proposal should not be published. formula units per unit cell, X-ray powder data, mor- This report incorporates material from previous re- phology, and crystal structure. ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of the General appearance and physical properties. Grain or CNMMN (Fleischer, 1970; Donnay and Fleischer, 1970; crystal size, type of aggregate, color, streak, luster, trans- Embrey and Hey, 1970; Hey and Gottardi, 1980; Man- parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, parting, fracture, darino et aI., 1984) and represents an attempt to consol- density (calculated and measured). -
Clay Minerals Including Related Phyllosilicates: Interdisciplinary Research and Inward Integration
Acta Geodyn. Geomater., Vol.2, No.2 (138), 53-68, 2005 CLAY MINERALS INCLUDING RELATED PHYLLOSILICATES: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND INWARD INTEGRATION Jiří KONTA Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2 home address: Korunní 127, 13000 Prague 3, Czech Republic Corresponding author‘s e-mail: [email protected] (Received September 2004, accepted April 2005) ABSTRACT More than 110 species of clay minerals and related phyllosilicates were discovered mostly in the 20th and 19th centuries, including 13 regular interstratifications (R1 range) naturally occurring or synthesized and referred to between 1950-2003. This contribution to theoretical and applied clay science, whose evolution is based on mineralogical roots, stresses interdisciplinary research among clay science, basic sciences (physics, chemistry, mathematics, geometry), earth-, biological-, applied- and related sciences and engineering technologies as a basis for substantial past and future discoveries. Not only a novel desirable cooperation with other theoretical and applied disciplines, but also a close inward integration among the six major research regions of clay science is necessary for its further development. Two diagrammatic presentations show: 1) a desirable multidisciplinary cooperation and mutual influence among sciences and technologies affecting the development and progress of clay science; 2) a view of desirable integration among the six major research regions within clay science in the near future. KEYWORDS: theoretical -
Nanoindentation Characterization of Clay Minerals and Clay-Based
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Nanoindentation characterization of clay minerals and clay-based hybrid bio-geomaterials Rohit Raj Pant Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Pant, Rohit Raj, "Nanoindentation characterization of clay minerals and clay-based hybrid bio-geomaterials" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 958. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/958 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. NANOINDENTATION CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY MINERALS AND CLAY-BASED HYBRID BIO-GEOMATERIALS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering by Rohit Raj Pant B.E., National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 2002 M.S., Louisiana State University and A&M College, 2007 December 2013 i To My grandparents My parents My family My teachers and My alma mater ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Guoping Zhang, whose expertise, understanding and patience added considerably to my graduate experience. I cannot thank you enough for your guidance and continuous support throughout my Ph.D. journey. I also wish to express my deep appreciation to the members of my graduate committee: Dr.