Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18, pp. 143-150, (1980)

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AIPEA NOMENCLATURE COMMITIEE

S. W. BAILEY, Chairman· Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison,. Wisconsin 53706, U.s.A.

INTRODUCTION turn have worked closely with the Commission' on New and Names of the Because of their small particle-size and vari­ I.M.A. (International Mineralogical Association). able degree of c'rystal perfection, it is not sur­ This summary of the recommendations made prising that clay minerals proved extremely to date by the international nomenclature-com­ difficult to characterize adequately prior to the mittees has been prepared in order to dissemi­ development of modern analytical,techniques. nate more widely the decisions reached and to Problems in characterization led quite naturally aid clay scientists in the correct usage of clay to problems in nomenclature, undoubtedly more nomenclature. Some of the material in the so than for the macroscopic, more perfectly present summary has been taken from an earlier crystalline minerals. The popular adoption in summary by Bailey et al. (1971a). the early 19508 of the powder X-ray diffracto­ meter for clay studies helped to solve some of CLASSIFICATION the problems of identification. Improvements in electron microscopy, electron diffraction and Agreement was reached early in the inter­ oblique texture electron diffraction, infrared and national discussions that a sound nomenclature DTA equipment, plus the development of nu­ is necessarily based on a satisfactory classifica­ clear and isotope technology, high-speed elec­ tion scheme. For this reason, the earliest and tronic computers, Mossbauer spectrometers and most extensive efforts of the several national most recently, the electron microprobe and committees on nomenclature have been ex­ scanning electron-microscope all have aided in pended on classification schemes. Existing the accumulation of factual information on schemes were collated and discussed (e.g., clays. This, in turn, should facilitate eventual Brown 1955 Mackenzie 1959, Pedro 1967), agreement on the nomenclature of clays. symposia we~e held at national meetings, and Probably the earliest attempt by clay scientists polls were taken of clay scientists in ~2 coun­ to reach agreement on nomenclature and classi­ tries as to their preferences. Armed With these fication on an international basis occurred at data the international representatives have been the International Soil Congress held in Amster­ able'to agree upon most features of a broadly dam in 1950 (Brindley et al. 1951). Since that based scheme for the phyllosilicates as a whole time national Nomenclature Committees have (Mackenzie 1965a,b, Brlndley 1967). been established in many countries. Recom­ Table 1 gives the classification sche~~ in mendations from these national groups have its present form. The phyllosilicates are diVided been considered every three years at the Inter­ into groups, each containing dioctahedr.al and national Clay Conference, first by the Nomen­ trioctahedral subgroups. Each sub~oup l~ .t~rn clature Subcommittee of CIPEA (Comite Inter­ is divided into mineral species. This subdLvlslon national pour l'Etude des Argiles) and since corresponds to successive stages ~f ref~n~ment 1966 by the Nomenclature Committee of in the identification process. It IS antICipated AIPEA (Association Internationale pour l'Etude that the precise definitions of t~e groups and des Argiles). These international committees in subgroups and their names will evolve and change with time. This. tabl.e differs from •for the AIPEA (Association Internationale pour previously published verSIons 10 two respects. l'Etude des Argiles) Nomenclature Committee: A. Smectite has now been accepted as the group Alieni (Italy), G. W. Brindley (U.S.A.), M. L. L. name for clay minerals with layer. char~e be­ Formosa (Brazil), K. Jasmund (F.R.G.), J. Konta tween 0.2 and 0.6 per formula urut. This de­ (Czechoslovakia), R. C. Mackenzie (U.K.), K. Nagasawa (Japan), R. A. Rausell-Colom (Spain) cision, made at the 1975 Mexico City meeting and B. B. Zvyagin (U.S.S.R.). (Brindley & Pedro 1976), was based on an 143 144 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

TABLE 1. CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR PHYLLOSILICATES RELATED TO CLAY MINERALS Group Layer ("aeharge per Type fonnula unit) Subgroup Species·

1,1 Kaollnlte-serpentlne Kaollnlte Kaollnfte, dickfte, hanoyslte " '" 0 Serpentl ne Chrysotlle, lfzardlte, erneslte Pyrophylllte-tal c Pyrophyll Ite Pyrophyll fte Talc " '" 0 SIrectfte 010ctahedral smectfte Montmorlllonlte, beldelllte " '" 0.2-0.6 Trloctahedral smectfte , . sauconfte Vennlcullte Oloctahedral vennlcullte Oloctahedral vennl cuI Ite " '" 0.6-0.9 Trloctahedral vennl cuI fte Trloctahedral vennl cul lte 2:1 ' Oloctahedral ml ca , paragonite "", 1 Trloctahedral mlca Phlogopfte, blotlte, lepldolfte Brittle mica Oloctahedral brittle mica Marg.rlte ,,"'2 Trloctahedral brittle mica Cl I ntonl te, anandl te Chlorfte Oloctahedral chlorfte Oonbasslte " variable Ol,trloctahedral chlorlte Cookel te, sudol te Trloctahedral chlorfte Cllnochlore, chomoslte, nlmlte • Only a few examples are given. , The status of I1lfte (or hydromlca), serlcfte, etc. must be left open at present, because It Is not clear whether or at what level they would enter the table: many materials so designated may be Interstratlfled.

increased world-wide usage of this name as cal properties. Thus, it does not require a opposed to the alternate dual name montmo­ category of "pseudolayer " for minerals rillonite-saponite for the group. Dual names such as and that do not still exist for the -serpentine and pyro­ possess marked basal cleavages. The criterion phyllite-talc groups. Suggested names of kandite of a continuous tetrahedral sheet does exclude

I and septechlorite for the kaolin and serpentine "quasilayer silicates" such as astrophyllite, lam­ minerals, respectively, have not been approved prophyllite, bafertisite and haradaite, in which by the AIPEA Committee and shoUld not be 5- or 6-fold coordinated groups interrupt the used. The second change is to treat chlorlte as continuity of the tetrahedral net. consisting of a 2: 1 layer plus an interlayer sheet, rather than as a 2: 1: I .or 2:2 STANDARDIZATION OF STRUCTURAL TERMS layer type. This emphasizes the similarity of chlorite with other clay minerals containing At the 1975 Mexico City meeting the AIPEA interlayer material (Brindley & Pedro 1972). Nomenclature Committee noted that lattice and structure continue to be misused by authors and DEFINITION OF PHYLLOSILICATE speakers. A lattice is not synonymous with structure; it is a uniform distribution of points Table 1 assumes a specific definition of a in space (e.g., the 14 Bravais lattices). The terms. phyllosilicate (or layer ). This definition "layer lattice" and "Schichtgitter" are incorrect was discussed most recently at the AIPEA No­ and should not be used. Layer structure, layer menclature Committee meeting held in Madrid silicate and phyllosilicate are acceptable terms in 1972, at which a 1969 definition was modi­ (Brindley 1967, Brindley & Pedro 1976). fied. The present definition (Brindley & Pedro In 1972 the Committee agreed upon usage 1972) states: "Clay minerals belong to the of the terms plane, sheet, layer, unit structure family of phyllosilicates and contain contin­ and their equivalents in other languages (Brind­ uous two-dimensional tetrahedral sheets of com­ ley & Pedro 1972). Recommended usage of position TgOs (T = Si, Al, Be, ...) with tetra­ these is: a single plane of atoms, a tetrahedral hedra linked by sharing three corners of each, or octahedral sheet and a 1:1 or 2:1 layer. Thus, and with the fourth corner pointing in any di­ plane, sheet and layer refer to increasingly rection. The tetrahedral sheets are linked in the thicker arrangements. A sheet is a combination unit ;ltructure to octahedral sheets, or to groups of planes and a layer is a combination of sheets. of coordinated cations, or individual cations." In addition, layers may be separated from one The present definition is based on the nature another by various interlayer materials, includ-. of the silicate parts of the structure, and does ing cations, hydrated cations, organic molecules not include previous requirements of weaker and hydroxide octahedral groups and sheets. interlayer bonding or of certain resultant physi- The total assembly of a layer plus interlayer AIPEA NOMENCLATURE RECOMMENDATIONS 145

'TABLE 2. STRUCTURAL TERMS OF REFERENCE AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES Engl1sh French German Russ1an Span1 sh Ital1an

plane plan Ebene l1JJOCl

sheet couche Sch1cht OOTKB, capa strato

layer feu111et Sch1 chtpaket cm!! estrato 0 pacchetto paquete (de capas)

1nterlayer espace Zw1 schensch1 cht MI31KCJlD8BO mater1al 1nterlam1nar interstrato 1nterfol1a1re ~K (MelKCJlOi1)

un1t structure unit~ structurale Struktur E1nheit llllKeT un1 dad estructuraI unita strutturale

material is referred to as a unit structure. suffix that defines the layer stacking differ­ Table 2 lists the equivalent terms in other ences." A recommended system of structural languages, as modified at the 1978 Oxford symbols is described in the report. meeting. 3. "Polytype mineral names already in ex­ The terms "talc layer" and "brucite sheet" istence that have international acceptance and are not suitable descriptions of the component serve a useful function need not be discarded. parts of the chlorite structure because the min­ Decision on retention of individual names erals talc and brucite permit very little substi­ should be the responsibility of the I.M.A. Com­ tution of Mg by AI, and such substitution is an mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names." essential feature of trioctahedral chlorites. It is 4. "It is recommended that X, Y, Z or [100], recommended that 2:1 layer be used in place [010], [001] be used for directions of crysta1­ of "talc layer" and hydroxide sheet or inter­ lographic axes and a. b, c for the repeat dis­ layer sheet in place of "brucite sheet" (Brindley tance along these axes." & Pedro 1972). It is permissible to write brucite­ like or brucitic or gibbsite-like or gibbsitic if one INTERSTRATlFICATIONS AND wishes to specify the trioctahedral or diocta­ NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS hedral nature of the interlayer. Attention is drawn also to the report of the No general agreement has, been reached yet I.M.A.-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomen­ regarding the preferred terminology for inter­ clature (Bailey 1978); the following recom­ stratified minerals, except that (1) the material mendations, approved by the AIPEA Nomen­ should be characterized fully as to degree of clature Committee, will be of special interest regularity or irregularity of the interstratification to clay scientists. and (2) it should be described in terms of the I. Polytypism is defined as "the phenomenon nature and ratios of the component layers. The of the existence of an element or compound in best descriptive terms for those layers are still two or more layer-like crystal structures that in question. At the 1972 Madrid meeting the differ in layer stacking sequences. The layers Committee recommended that specific names need not be crystallographically identical, but not be given to poorly defined materials such should be similar. Polytypism differs from poly­ as irregularly interstratified systems, to imper­ morphism (in the present and strict definition fect structures (e.g., deweyIite and aquacreptite) of the latter term) in permitting small differ­ or to noncrystalline constituents. Special names ences in chemical composition between struc­ can be given to regularly interstratified min­ tures, not to exceed 0.25 atoms per formula erals subject to acceptance by the AlPEA No­ unit of any constituent element. Layer struc­ menclature Committee and the I.M.A. Com­ tures that differ from one another by more mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names than this amount are to be called polytypoids (Brindley & Pedro 1972). Names already in the rather than polytypes," literature at that time were rectorite for a regular 2. "In general, polytypes should not receive 1: 1 interstratification of dioctahedral parago­ individual mineral names. Instead, a set of nite-smectite (Brown & Weir 1963), corrensite related polytypes should be designated by a for a regular 1: 1 interstratification of triocta­ single name followed by a structural symbol hedral chlorite-"swelling chlorite" (Lippmann 146 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

1954), tosudite for a regular 1: 1 interstratifica­ chamosite [Fe2+ dominant end member (pe2+.AI) tion of dioctahedral chlorite-smectite (Frank­ (SisAI)O,o(OH>&], nimite [Ni dominant, end mem­ Kamenetskii et a1. 1963, Shimoda 1969) and ber (Ni.AI)(Si.AI)O,o(OH).] and pennantite aliettite for a regular I:1 interstratification of [MnH dominant, end member (MoH.AI)(Si3AI) trioctahedral talc-saponite (Veniale & van der 01O(OH>&]. All other species and varietal names Marel 1969). The I.M.A. Commission on New should be discarded, because arbitrary SUbdivi­ Minerals and Mineral Names has disapproved sions according to octahedral and tetrahedral the name sangarite for a regular 1: 1 interstratifi­ compositions have been shown to have little or cation of trioctahedral chlorite-vermiculite no structural significance. Tetrahedral composi­ (Drits & Kossovskaya 1963), and has approved tions and trivalent octahedral cations are not the name tarasovite for a regular 3: 1 interstra­ considered in the recommended species-names, tification of dioctahedral mica-smectite (Laza­ nor is the distribution of octahedral cations be­ renko & Korolev 1970). The AIPEA Nomen­ tween the 2:1 layer and the interlayer. Adjectival clature Committee has not yet taken action on modifiers, such as those of Schaller (1930), may specific names for regular interstratifications. be used to indicate either important octahedral At its Jerusalem meeting (Brindley 1967) the cations other than the dominant cation or unu­ CIPEA Nomenclature Subcommittee agreed sual tetrahedral compositions. Bayliss (1975) unanimously that the term "noncrystalline" is gives modifiers appropriate for many of the preferable to the commonly used term "amor­ chlorite species listed in other nomenclature phous". It was recommended strongly that speci­ systems. fic names not be given to newly discovered non­ crystalline minerals, but that they be described lmogolite so far as possible in terms of their chemical composition. Names may be chosen later if it At its 1969 Tokyo meeting (Brindley & Pedro becomes apparent that particular ranges of 1970) the Committee approved the name imog­ chemical composition exist for these minerals. ofite for a hydrous aluminosilicate having a fine, thread-like morphology and the diffraction char­ SPECIFIC PHYLLOSILlCATE NAMES acteristics described by Wada & Yoshinaga (1969) and others. Dioctahedral chlorite The Committee has recommended (Brindley & Pedro 1970) that the be sub­ The 1975 AIPEA Nomenclature Committee divided into the three subgroups dioctahedral reviewed the several terminologies in use for chlorite, di,trioctahedrai chlorite and trioctahe­ the less hydrous and the more hydrous forms dral chlorite (Table I). Dioctahedral chlorite is of halloysite. The terms halloysite(7A) and hal­ dioctahedral in both the 2: 1 layer and the inter­ loysite(IOA) were recommended for general layer hydrox:ide sheet. An example is donbassite usage as being least ambiguous (Brindley & (Lazarenko 1940). Trioctahedral chlorite is trioc­ Pedro 1976). The term endellite should not be tahedral in both octahedral sheets. A di,triocta­ used. hedral chlorite is dioctahedral in the 2: 1 layer but trioctahedral in the interlayer sheet. Cookeite Celadonite and sudoite are examples, with cookeite being Li-rich and sudoite Li-poor. No examples are The 1978 AIPEA Nomenclature Committee yet known of chlorites with trioctahedral 2: I has defined celadonite as a dioctahedral mica layers but dioctahedral interlayers. of ideal composition KMgFe3+Si.OlO (OH). but allowing a range in tetrahedral Al (or Fe3 +) of 0 Trioctah,edral chlorite to about 0.2 atoms per formula unit. Substantial octahedral variations from this formula can At the 1978 Oxford meeting the AIPEA be described by adjectival modifiers, such as Nomenclature Committee adopted the sugges­ aluminian celadonite or ferroan celadonite. tion of Bayliss (1975) for simplification of Further characteristics of celadonite are d(060) chIorite nomenclature. Trioctahedral chlorites < 1.510 A and sharp infrared spectra, as de­ shOUld be narned according to the dominant scribed by Buckley et al. (1978). There is an divalent octahedral cation present. Recom­ area of potential overlap between celadonite and mended species-names are clinochlore [Mg in the range of AlIV = 0.17 to 0.20 dominant, end member (Mg~)(Si.AI)O,o(OH)s], atoms. For compositions near this boundary and AIPEA 'NOMENCLATURE RECOMMENDATIONS 147 for cases in which analytical errors or impur­ 1973). Ephesite, described originally as a Li­ ities are suspected, application of the other Na brittle mica (Schaller et al. 1967), is more identification criteria are especially important. accurately described as a true mica with a layer charge per formula unit of unity. Glauconite The name palygorskite has priority over attapulgite for the mineral with a ribbon-like Buckley et al. (1978) have shown that with structure in which the ribbons have a width of careful purification and modern analytical tech­ two pyroxene-like chains (Bailey et a1. 1971b) . niques there is little or no overlap between The name anauxite has been discredited. It celadonite and glauconite compositions and is a mixture of components, of which the kaolin that the two minerals also can be differentiated by d(060) values and infrared spectra. The component is true kaolinite (Langston & Pask n 1978 AIPEA Nomenclature Committee has de­ 1968, Alien et al. 1969, Bailey & Langsto fined glauconite as an Fe-rich dioctahedral mica 1969). with tetrahedral AI (or FeS+) usually greater Medmontite is a mixture of chrysocolla and than 0.2 atoms per formula unit and octa­ mica; the name should be discarded (Chukhrov hedral R S + correspondingly greater than 1.2 et al. 1968, 1969, Fleischer 1969a). . atoms. A generalized formula is K(R3+UsRH 0.8.) Nimite is the preferred term for the triocta­ s (Sis. 8.Alo.ss)Olo(OH). with Fe + » Al and Mg hedral chlorite with Ni dominant (Hiemstra & > FeH (unless altered). Further characteristics de Waal 1968a). Specimens previously termed of glauconite are d(060) > 1.510 A and, usual­ schuchardtite have Ni < Mg (Fleischer 1969b) ly, broader infrared spectra than celadonite, as and should be called nickeloan clinochlore. described by Buckley et a1. (1978). The species Brindley & De Souza (1975) also have shown glauconite is single-phase and ideally is not that some "schuchardtites" are transitional be­ interstratified. Mixtures containing an iron-rich tween chlorite and vermiculite. mica as a major component can be called Caryopilite is the preferred term for a 1: 1 glauconitic. Specimens with expandable layers layer-type mineral that is the MnH analogue can be described as randomly interstratified of greenaIite. The name bementite, sometimes glauconite-smectite. Mode of origin is not a used for the former mineral, has priority for criterion, and a green fecal pellet in a marine a Mn-rich mineral that belongs to the friedelite sediment that meets the definition for celadonite group of minerals and is not a layer silicate should be called celadonite. (Kato 1963). The name rectorite has priority over allevar­ Miscellaneous dite for a regular I: 1 interstratification of para­ gonite-smectite (Brown & Weir 1963). Attention is drawn here to recommendations Sungulite and kolskite are mixtures of liz­ made by other nomenclature committees, al­ ardite and sepiolite; the names should be dis­ though not specifically considered by the AIPEA carded (Ivanova et al. 1973). Nomenclature Committee. A lushtite is a mixture of and hydrous The name berthierine has priority for the mica; the name should be discarded (Logvinenko Fe-rich 1: I-type layer silicate having appreciable & Frank-Kamenetskii 1955). Some specimens tetrahedral Al and commonly found in iron­ that have been called 'alushtite have been identi­ stones and iron formations. Brindleyite is the fied later as tosudite (Frank-Kamenetskii et al. Ni-analogue of berthierine. The name chamosite has priority for a 2: 1 chlorite of composition 1963) . similar to berthierine (Orcel et al. 1949). Deweylite is a mixture in variable proportions The name clintonite has priority over other of a disordered form of talc (kerolite) and a species names (xanthophyllite, seybertite, bran­ disordered form of serpentine. Both components disite, valuevite) for the Li-poor, Ba-poor trioc­ have excess water, probably associated with tahedral brittle mica. All of, these are so simi­ unbalanced surface bonds. The name is useful lar in crystallography, chemical composition only as a field term (Bish & Brindley 1978). and mode of origin that only a single species Kerolite is a varietal name for a mineral close name is justified (Forman et a1. 1967). Bityite to talc in composition and structure but with (Li, Be-rich), anandite (Ba, Fe-rich) and highly random layer-stacking and an enlarged kinoshitalite (Ba, Mg-rich) appear to be other basal spacing of about 9.6 A due to misfitting valid trioctahedral brittle-mica species (Schaller layers; RHs(Si20.MOH)2onH,.Q with n ,..., 0.8­ et al. 1967, Pattiaratchi et al. 1967, Yoshii et al. 1.2 (Brindley et a1. 1977). 148 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

Pimelite is a Ni-analogue of kerolite with ANKINOVICH, S.G., ANKINOVICH, E.A., ROZHDEST­ Ni > Mg (Maksimovic 1966, Brindley et al. VENSKAYA, LV. & FRANK-KAMENETSKll, V.A. 1979). (1972): Chernykhite, a new barium-vanadium mica from northwestern Karatau: Zap. Vses. Nepouite is a Ni-analogue of lizardite Mineral. Obshchest. 101, 451-458 (in Russ.). (Glasser 1907, Maksimovic 1973, Brindley & Wan 1975). BAILEY, S.W., BRlNDLEY, G.W., JOHNS, W.O., MAR­ TIN, R.T. & Ross, M. (1971a): Summary of New names for layer silicate minerals ap­ national and international recommendations on proved recently by the I.M.A. Commission on nomenclature. Clays Clay Minerals New Minerals and Mineral Names are listed 19, 129-132. below: --,--,--,--&-- (1971b): hendricksite, a trioctahedral Zn-rich mica Clay Mineral Society. Report of nomenclature (Frondel & Ito 1966, Frondel & Einaudi committee 1969-1970. Clays Clay Minerals 19, 1968) 132-133. willemseite, a Ni-analogue of talc (Hiemstra & --- & UNGSTON, R.B. (1969) Anauxite and de Waal 1968b) kaolinite structures identical. Clays Clay Minerals pecoraite, a Ni-analogue of c1inochrysotile 17, 241-243. (Faust et al. 1969) --- et al. (1978): Report of the International Mn-sepiolite, Mn-palygorskite, Mn-jerrisepio­ Mineralogical Association (IMA)-International lite, Mn-jerropalygorskite (Semenov 1969) Union of Crystollagraphy (IUCr) Joint Com­ chernykhite, a dioctahedral V, Ba, Na-rich mica mittee on Nomenclature. Can. Mineral. 16, 113­ (Ankinovich et al. 1972) 117. kellyite, a MnH -analogue of amesite (Peacor BAYLISS, P. (1975): Nomenclature of the triocta­ et al. 1974) hedral chlorites. Can. Mineral. 13, 178-180. swinejordite, a Li,Al,Mg-rich smectite inter­ BISH, D.L. & BRINDLEY, G.W. (1978): Deweylites, mediate between dioctahedral and trioctahe­ mixtures of poorly crystalline hydrous serpentine dral (Tien et al. 1975) and talc-like minerals. Mineral. Mag. 42, 75-79. baumite, a Mn,Fe,Zn-rich serpentine (Frondel BRINDLEY, G.W. (1967): CIPEA Nomenclature Sub­ & Ito 1975) Committee, Minutes of meetings held June 20 masutomilite, a MnH -analogue of zinnwaldite and 23 (1966). Proc. Int. Clay Conf. 1966 (Jeru­ (Harada et al. 1976). salem) 11, xxvii-xxix. yojortierite, a Mn+2-analogue of palygorskite ---, BISH, D.L. & WAN, HSlEN-MING (1977): (Perrault et al. 1975) The nature of kerolite, its relation to talc and jalcondoite, a Ni-analogue of sepiolite with Ni > stevensite. Mineral. Mag. 41, 443-452. Mg (Springer 1976) ---, --- & --- (1979): Compositions, jerripyrophyllite, a Fe3+-analogue of pyrophyl­ structures, and properties of nickel-containing lite (Chukhrov et al. 1979). minerals in the kerolite-pimelite series. Amer. Mineral. 64, 615-625. Several layer silicates incorporating interlayer --- & DE SOUZA, J.V. (1975): Nickel-containing metallic elements have been recognized re­ and chlorites from Brazil, with cently. Chapmanite and bismutojerrite have 1: 1 remarks on schuchardtite. Mineral. Mag. 40, 3 layers with Si in the tetrahedral sheet and Fe + 141-152. in the octahedral sheet. The surface hydroxyl groups of the octahedral sheet are replaced by ---, MACEwAN, D.M.C., CAILLERE, S., CORRENS, C.W., FAVAJEE, J.C.L. & GRIM, R.E. - (1951): , and Sb and Bi (in chapmanite and The nomenclature of clay minerals. Clay Min­ bismutoferrite, respectively) are in the inter­ erals Bull. 1, 194-195. layer space (Zhukhlistov et al. 1974, Zhukhlistov & Zvyagin 1977). Surite is a smectite having a -- & PEDRO, G. (1970): Report of the AIPEA defect, cerussite-like lead carbonate interlayer Nomenclature Committee. AIPEA Newsletter 4, (Haysase et al. 1978). 3-4. -- & -- (1972): Report of the AIPEA Nomenclature Committee. AlPEA Newsletter 7, REFERENCES 8-13. ALLEN, V.T., FAHEY, J.J. & Ross, M. (1969): --- & --- (1976): Meeting of the Nomen­ Kaolinite and anauxite in the lone Formation, clature Committee of A.LP.E.A., Mexico City, California. Amer. Mineral. 54, 206-211. July 21, 1975. AIPEA Newsletter 12, 5-6. AIPEA NOMENCLATURE RECOMMENDATIONS 149

--- & WAN, HSlEN-MING (1975): Compositions, GLASSER, E. (1907): Sur une espece minerale nou­ structures, and thermal behavior of nickel-con­ velle, la nepouite, silicate hydrate de nickel et taining minerals in the lizardite-nepouite series. de magnesie. Soc. tran~. Mineral. Bull. 30, 17-28. Amer. Mineral. 60, 863-871. HARADA, K., HONDA, M., NAGASHIMA, K. & KANI­ BROWN, G. (1955): Report of the Clay Minerals SAWA, S. (1976): Masutomilite, manganese anal­ Group Sub-Committee on Nomenclature of Clay ogue of zinnwaldite, with special reference to Minerals. Clay Minerals Bull. 2, 294-302. masutomilite-Iepidolite-zinnwaldite series. Min­ eral. J. (Japan) 8, 95-109. -- & WEIR, A.H. (1963): The identity of rectorite and allevardite. Proc. Int. Clay Cont. HAYASE, K., DRlSTAS, J.A., TsuTsuMl, S., OTSUKA, 1963 (Stockholm) I, 27-35. R., TANABE, S., SUDO, T. & NISHlYAMA, T. (1978): Surite, a new Pb-rich layer . BUCKLEY, H.A., BEVAN, J.C., BROWN, K.M., JOHN­ Amer. Mineral. 63, 1175-1181. SON, L.R. & FARMER, V.C. (1978): Glauconite and celadonite: two separate mineral species. HIEMSnU, S.A. & DE WAAL, SA. (1968a): Nickel Mineral. Mag. 42, 373-382. minerals from Barberton. 11. Nimite, a nickelian chlorite. Nat. Inst. Met. (S. Atr.) Res. Rep. CHUKHROV, F.V., ZVYAGlN, B.B., DRlTS, V.A., 334, 1-10. (The correct adjectival modifier is GORSHKOV, A.I., ERMILOVA, L.P., GOILO, E.A. & nickeloan.) RUDNlTSKAYA, E.S. (1979): The ferric analogue of pyrophyllite and related phases. Proc. Int. --- & --- (1968b): Nickel minerals from Clay Cont. 1978 (Oxtord) , 55-64. Barberton. Ill. WilIemseite, a nickelian talc. Nat. Inst. Met. (S. Atr.) Res. Rep. 353, 1-14. ---,---, ERMILOVA, L.P., GORSHKOV, A.I. & (The correct adjectival modifier is nickeloan.) RUDNITSKAYA, E.S. (1969): The relation between chrysocolIa, medmontite, and copper-halloysite. IVANOVA, V.P., KASATOV, B.K. & MOSKALEVA, V.N. Proc. Int. Clay Cont. 1969 (Tokyo) 1, 141-150. (1973): Thermographic studies of serpentines on heating them to 1400°. Zap. Vses. Mineral. ---, ---, GORSHKOV, A.I., ERMILoVA, L.P. Obshchest. 102, 3-15 (in Russ.). & RUDNITSKAYA, E.S. (1968): The nature of medmontite. lzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., KATo, T. (1963): New data on the so-called be­ 67-71 (in Russ.). mentite. J. Mineral. Soc. Japan 6, 93-103 (in Jap.). DRlTS, V.A. & KOSSOVSKAYA, A.G. (1963): Sanga­ rite, a new clay mineral with ordered mixed-layer LANGSTON, R.B. & PASK, 1.A. (1968): The nature structure. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 151, 934-937 of anauxite. Clays Clay Minerals 16, 425-436. (in Russ.). LAZARENKO, E.K. (1940): Donbassites, a new group FAUST, G.T., FAHEY, JJ., MASON, B. & DWORNIK, of minerals from the Donetz Basin. C.R. A cad. Sci. URSS 28, 519-521 (in Russ.). E.J. (1969): Pecoraite, NieS40,o(OH) 8, nickel analog of clinochrysotile, formed in the Wolf --- & KOROLEV, Yu. M. (1970): Tarasovite, Creek meteorite. Science 165, 59-60. a new dioctahedral ordered interlayer mineral. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshchest. 99, 214-224 (in FLElSCHER, M. (1969a): New mineral names: Amer. Mineral. 54, 990-994. Russ.). --- (1969b): New mineral names. Amer. Min­ UPPMANN, F. (1954): Dber einen Keuperton von eral. 54, 1739-1742. Zaisersweiher bei Maulbronn. Heidel. Beitr. Mineral. Petrog. 4, 130-134. FORMAN, S.A., KODAMA, H. & MAXWELL, LA. (1967) LOGVINENKO, L.V. & FRANK-KAMENETSKlI, V.A. The trioctahedral brittle . Amer. Mineral. 52, 1122-1128. (1955): On the so-called alushtite. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 105, 554-557 (in Russ.). FRANK-KAMENETSKII, V.A., LOOVINENKO, N.V. & MACKENZIE, R.C. (1959): The classification and DRlTS, V.A. (1963): A dioctahedral mixed-layer nomenclature of clay minerals. Clay Minerals clay mineral, tosudite. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Bull. 4, 52-66. Obshchest. 92, 560-565 (in Russ.). --- (1965a): Report of Chairman on meeting FRONDEL, C. & EINAUDI, M. (1968): -rich of Nomenclature Sub-Committee of CIPEA. micas from Sterling Hill, New Jersey. Amer. Proc. Iflt. Clay Cont. 1963 (Stockholm) 2, Mineral. 53, 1752-1754. 439-442. --- & ITo, J. (1966): Hendricksite, a new --- (1965b): Nomenclature Sub-Committee of species of mica. A mer. Mineral. 51, 1107-1123. C.I.P.E.A. Clay Minerals 6, 123-126. --.-& --- (1975): Zinc-rich chlorites from MAKSIMOVIC, Z. (1966): ,B-kerolite-pimelite series Franklin, New Jersey. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. from Goles Mountain, Yugoslavia. Proc. Int. Abh. 123, 111-115. Clay Cont. 1966 (Jerusalem) 1, 97-105. L50 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

(1973): Lizardite-nepouite isomorphic SIUMODA, S. (1969): New data for tosudite. Clays series: Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshchesl. 102, Clay Minerals 17, 179-184. 143-149. SPRINGER, G. (1976): Falcondoite, nickel analogue ORCEL, J., 'RENIN, S. & CAlLLERE, S. (1949): Sur of sepiolite. Can. Mineral. 14, 407-409. les silicates phylIiteux des minerais de fer oolithi­ DEN, P-L., LEAVENS, P. B. & NELEN, I.A. (1975): ques. C. R. A cad. Sci. Paris 229, 134-135. Swinefordite, a dioctahedral-trioctahedral Li-rich PATIlARATCIU, D.B., SAARI, E. & SAHAMA, T.G. member of the smectite group from Kings Moun­ (1967): Anandite, a new barium-iron silicate tain, North Carolina. Amer. Mineral. 60, 540­ from Wilagedera, North Western Province, Cey­ 547. . Mineral. Mag. 36, 1-4. VENIALE, F. & VAN DER MAREL, H.W. (1969): Identification of some 1: 1 regular interstratified PEACOR, n.R., EssENE, EJ., SIMMONS, W.B., JR. & trioctahedral clay minerals. Proc. Int. Clay Conf. BIGELOW, W.C. (1974): Kellyite, a new Mn-AI 1969 (Tokyo) 1, 233-244. member of the serpentine group from Bald Knob, North Carolina, and new data on grovesite. WADA, K. & YOSHINAGA, N. (1969): The structure Amer. Mineral. 59, 1153-1156. of "imogolite". Amer. Mineral. 54, 50-71. PEDRO, G. (1967): Commentaires sur la classifica­ YOSIUI, M., MAEDA. K., KATO, T., WATANABE., S. tion et la nomenclature des mineraux argileux. Y., KATO, A. & NAGASIDMA, K. (1973): Kino­ Gr. fran,;. Argiles Bull. 19, 69-86. shitalite, a new mineral from the Noda-Tama­ gawa mine, Iwate Prefecture. Chigaku Kenkyu 24, PERRAULT, G., HARVEY, Y. & PERTSOWSKY, R. 181-190 (in lap.). (1975): La yofortierite, un nouveau silicate hy­ drate de manganese de St-Hilaire, P.Q. Can. ZHUKHLISTOV, A.P. & ZVYAGIN, B.B. (1977): Deter­ Mineral. 13, 68-74. mination of the crystal structures of chapmanite and bismuthoferrite by high-voltage electron dif­ SCHALLER, W.T. (1930): Adjectival ending of chem­ fraction. Soviet Phys.-Cryst. 22, 419-423. ical elements used as modifiers to mineral names. ---, ---, SoBOLEVA, S.V. & SHLAIN, L.B. Amer. Mineral. 15, 566-574. (1974): The determination of ---, CARRON, M.K. & FLEISCHER, M. (1967): chapmanite SbFe.Si.Os(OH) by high-voltage Ephesite, Na(LiAlz) (Al.Si.)OlO(OH)"" a triocta­ electron diffraction. 1nl. Mineral. Assoc. Gen. hedral member of the group, and Meet. (Regensburg) Coli. Abstr., 79. related brittle micas. Amer. Mineral. 52, 1689­ 1696. SEMENOV, E.I. (1969): Mineralogy 0/ the Ilimaus­ saq Alkaline Massif, Southern Greenland. Inst. Mineral., Geokhim., Kristallokhim. Redk. Ele­ mentov, Izdat, Nauka, Moscow (in Russ.). Received August 1979.