American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987
Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature
ERNEST H. NICKEL * Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia JOSEPH A. MANDARINO** Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada
INTRODUCTION Proposed name and reason for its selection. The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names Description of the occurrence. Geographic and geologic (hereafter abbreviated as CNMMN) of the International occurrence, paragenesis, and a list of associated minerals, Mineralogical Association was established in 1959 for the particularly those in apparent equilibrium with the new purpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro- mineral. posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral- Chemical composition and method of analysis. ogical nomenclature, and discrediting or redefining exist- Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified. ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted to Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal class, space the CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv- group, unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, number of al is withheld, the proposal should not be published. formula units per unit cell, X-ray powder data, mor- This report incorporates material from previous re- phology, and crystal structure. ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of the General appearance and physical properties. Grain or CNMMN (Fleischer, 1970; Donnay and Fleischer, 1970; crystal size, type of aggregate, color, streak, luster, trans- Embrey and Hey, 1970; Hey and Gottardi, 1980; Man- parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, parting, fracture, darino et aI., 1984) and represents an attempt to consol- density (calculated and measured). idate this information and to present a comprehensive Optical properties. Nonmetallic minerals: optical char- summary of the subject. Where there are differences be- acter (isotropic or anisotropic; uniaxial or biaxial), optical tween this report and the earlier ones, this version is to sign, indices of refraction, 2 v: dispersion, orientation, be regarded as the correct one. pleochroism, and absorption. Metallic minerals: color in reflected light, internal reflections, anisotropy, bireflec- SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL tance, pleochroism, and reflectivity. 1. If the proposal deals with a new mineral, it should Type material. Museum where it is deposited. be sent directly to the chairman of the CNMMN. In Relationship to other species. countries that require a prior review by their national Any other data that will clarify difficult parts of the committee, the proposal should first be submitted to the description. national committee and subsequently to the CNMMN. It is recognized that it may not always be possible to 2. Any proposal to redefine or discredit an existing obtain all the above data; in such cases the author should mineral or mineral name, or to revalidate an obsolete give reasons for the omissions. To assist potential authors name, must be submitted to the vice-chairman of the of new-mineral proposals, a checklist should be submit- CNMMN, with a copy to the chairman. ted as part of the proposal. Copies of an official checklist 3. If the proposal deals with a mineral group, it should can be obtained from the chairman of the CNMMN or be sent to the secretary of the CNMMN, with a copy to from one of the national representatives. Guidelines on the chairman (the current secretary is Dr. C.E.S. Arps, some aspects of mineral proposals are given below. National Museum of Geology and Mineralogy, Hoog- CRITERIA FOR A NEW MINERAL NAME landse Kerkgracht 17, 2312 HS Leiden, Netherlands). A mineral is a generally accepted as being a crystalline NATURE OF THE PROPOSAL substance that has defined compositional limits and that A proposal should include as many data as possible so has been formed as the result of geologic processes. The that the CNMMN can adequately judge the validity of essential components in the definition of a mineral are the proposal. Ideally, a new-mineral proposal should con- its chemical composition and its crystallographic prop- tain the following information: erties. If a mineral is found whose composition and/or crystallographic properties are substantially different from those of any existing mineral, a new name, if needed, * Vice-chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. must be proposed to the CNMMN. It is probably not Chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Min- desirable to formulate rigid rules to define whether or not eral** Names. a compositional or crystallographic difference is suffi- 0003--004X/87 /0910-1031 $02.00 1031 1032 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE ciently large to require a new mineral name, and each tal system and an italicized numerical symbol indicating new-mineral proposal must be considered on its own the multiplicity of the structural unit. The alphabetical merits. However, a general guideline for compositional characters recommended by the International Union of criteria is that at least one major structural site should be Crystallography (Guinier et aI., 1984), and now by the occupied by a different chemical component than that CNMMN, are as follows: cubic, C; hexagonal, H; rhom- which occurs in the equivalent site in an existing mineral. bohedral, R; trigonal, T; tetragonal, Q (quadratic); or- But if the presence of an element occurring in a relatively thorhombic, 0; monoclinic, M; triclinic, A (anorthic). minor amount stabilizes the structure, or if its presence Example 4. Wurtzite-4H is a hexagonal polytype with in an occupied site effects a structural change owing to a periodicity of 4 times the c dimension of the wurtzite charge or size difference, then consideration may be given parent; wurtzite-15R is a rhombohedral polytype with a to a proposal to create a new name for such a mineral. 15-times periodicity. Generally speaking, a crystallographic difference suffi- Although polytypes are not regarded as mineral species, ciently large to justify the creation of a new mineral name authors are advised to consult with officers of the is one in which the structure of the mineral is topologi- CNMMN before introducing new polytype names for cally different from that of an existing one. minerals into the literature. Example 1. Hydroxyl-apatite and fluorapatite both crystallize in the hexagonal system, with the same space Regular interstratifications group, and have similar unit-cell parameters. They are New names can be given to regular interstratifications considered as separate minerals because the relevant where the kinds of layers, their relative proportions, structural site is predominantly occupied by OH in hy- chemical compositions, and regularity of interstratifica- droxyl-apatite and by F in fluorapatite. tion have been well documented. For detailed criteria Example 2. Sphalerite (ZnS)and "marmatite" [(Zn,Fe)S] that determine whether the interstratification is suffi- are both cubic, with the same space group and similar ciently regular to warrant a species name, the reader is unit-cell parameters, but they are not regarded as separate referred to Bailey (1981). However, any proposed new minerals because the metal structural site is predomi- name must be submitted to the CNMMN. nantly occupied by Zn in both cases. Marmatite is re- Example 5. The name aliettite has been given to a 1:1 garded as a ferroan variety of sphalerite. regular interstratification of talc and trioctahedral smec- Example 3. Graphite and diamond both have the same tite. composition, but their structures are topologically differ- ent, and therefore minerals such as these deserve separate TYPE SPECIMEN names. When a new mineral is described, or an existing one redefined, the author should exercise care in defining its Polymorphs type designation and should ensure that a type specimen Polymorphic minerals are those that have essentially is held as permanent reference material by at least one the same chemical compositions, but different crystal major museum or a nationally recognized mineral collec- structures. Polymorphs are regarded as distinct species tion. and warrant separate mineral names. If the structures of the polymorphs are topologically similar, it is preferable TREATMENT OF NEW-MINERAL PROPOSAL to give the new polymorph a name that is related to that When the chairman of the CNMMN receives a new- of the existing polymorph (see "Selection of a Mineral mineral proposal, he is authorized to write to the author Name," below) rather than giving it a trivial name. asking for more data when he considers this desirable, or he may point out possible objections either to the mineral Polytypes or to the name. If the author so desires, the chairman is Polytypes have been defined as substances that occur required to submit a proposal to the CNMMN whether in several different structural modifications, each of which or not he approves of it. In such cases, the chairman will may be regarded as built up by the stacking of layers of inform the authors that he will give his reasons as to the (nearly) identical structure and composition, and with the unsuitability of the proposal under "Chairman's Re- modifications differing only in their stacking sequence marks." The chairman's abstract of a proposal is sent by (Guinier et aI., 1984). Polytypes do not merit new names, air mail to each member of the CNMMN, and approxi- but can be distinguished by appropriate suffixes. The mately 60 days are allowed for receipt of voting papers. modified Gard notation recommended by the Interna- Members of the CNMMN are urged, not only to vote, tional Union of Crystallography (Guinier et aI., 1984) is but also to comment in detail. The chairman is autho- probably more detailed than is necessary for mineral no- rized to suspend voting on a proposal to enable more menclature since it is generally necessary only to distin- information to be obtained, or he may call for a second guish between polytypes, not to specify them accurately. vote on a proposal if, in his opinion, important com- Consequently, a simplified nomenclature is used; first ments are made by members that should be seen by all proposed by Ramsdell (1947), it consists of a suffix that the members. Second votes have the same voting periods is an italicized alphabetical character indicating the crys- (about 60 days) and require the same majorities as those NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE 1033 for original proposals (see below). Any member of the though faulty, represents a reasonable approximation to CNMMN who objects to a proposal may ask the chair- material on the specimen, the mineral is to be defined by man to suspend voting or to call for a new vote, but the reference to be type material rather than to the original final decision to do so rests with the chairman. description. This means that errors in the original de- Abstracts of proposals dealing with "ore" minerals may scription cannot be held to discredit a mineral unless the be sent to some members of the IMA Commission on original description was so grossly inaccurate that, in the Ore Mineralogy, at the discretion of the chairman. Sim- words of J. D. Dana (1868) "a recognition of the mineral ilarly, the chairman may submit abstracts of any propos- by means of it is impossible." If type material cannot be als to other specialists for advisory opinions. Such advi- obtained for study, the investigator may propose a neo- sors do not vote, but their comments are considered by type to the CNMMN, clearly stating the efforts made to the chairman. Serious objections raised by any advisors seek the original type specimen. Both the acceptance of are to be treated by the chairman as specified above. the neotype and approval of the proposal are within the Proposals dealing with minerals belonging to mineral authority of the CNMMN. groups for which subcommittees have been organized by If a mineral is shown to be a mixture and one of the the CNMMN may be sent to the appropriate subcom- components is otherwise new, the name should usually mittee chairman for circulation among the subcommittee be transferred to the new phase; a proposal to do this members if the CNMMN chairman thinks such action is must also be approved by the CNMMN before publica- advisable. Subcommittee members are invited to submit tion. opinions, and serious objections raised by them are to be If the original authors of the mineral to be discredited treated as specified above. or redefined are alive, the author of the discrediting or If two or more proposals for the same new mineral are redefinition proposal should write to the original authors received by the chairman, the proposal that arrived first asking them to comment on the proposal; these com- in the chairman's office will have priority. ments should accompany the submission to the CNMMN. A proposed new mineral will be considered approved The vice-chairman may also choose to contact the orig- if more than half (lh) of the members of the CNMMN inal authors independently. vote on the proposal and if more than two-thirds (213)of Minor modifications to the definition of a particular these members have voted "yes." A proposed name will mineral do not need to be referred to the CNMMN, but be considered approved if more than one-half (lh) of the substantial ones do. In general, a redefinition that re- members who vote on the proposal have voted "yes." In quires approval by the CNMMN is (1) one that adds or assessing the voting results, an abstention is treated as a deletes one or more chemical components essential to the negative vote. After voting on a proposal is completed, definition of the mineral; (2) proposes a new composi- the chairman sends the results to the CNMMN members tionallimit to a member of a solid-solution series; or (3) and to the author of the proposal. He includes the com- proposes importan t changes in the structure of the min- ments of the voting members, but the votes of individual eral. In case of doubt, the redefinition proposal should be members are not disclosed. Reconsideration of adverse sent to the vice-chairman of the CNMMN for a ruling. votes can be requested by an author at any time if sig- A mineral name may be discredited if it can be shown nificant new data or new interpretations are obtained. If that the mineral is identical to another one that has prior- a mineral is approved, but not the name, a new name ity, or if the name is misleading. All such cases must be should be requested by the chairman when he notifies the submitted to the vice-chairman of the CNMMN for ap- author of the voting results. In cases of repeat voting, proval. In the examples below, approval is required, ex- approvals of the mineral and the name require the same cept as noted: maj ori ties as in the original voting. Example 6. A case similar to that of johachidolite Authors who have described new minerals without (Amer. Mineral., 62, 327), in which the elements H, Na, names do not have any priority rights on the subsequent and F were found not to be essential to the mineral. naming of such minerals. Any names proposed subse- Example 7. A case similar to that of sarcolite (Mineral. quently have to be approved by the CNMMN, as do the Mag., 48, 107), in which it was shown that F is essential minerals for which the names are proposed. to the mineral. The publication of nonapproved names or the names Example 8. A case similar to that of hauchecornite of non approved minerals is not condoned. Nonapproved (Mineral. Mag., 43, 873), in which it was shown that minerals for which descriptions have been published ordering of Bi, As, Sb, and Te on two structural sites should be treated as unnamed minerals and fall under the warranted redefinition of the original name and the in- provisions of the preceding paragraph. troduction of three new mineral names for end members. Example 9. A case similar to that of minerals in the REDEFINITION, DISCREDITING, OR REVALIDATION OF amphibole group, in which compositional limits to mem- MINERALS bers of solid-solution series were proposed (Amer. Min- Whenever possible, the redefinition or discrediting of eral., 63, 1023). a mineral should be based on a study of type material. If Example 10. A case similar to that of pierrotite (Zeit. a type specimen exists and if the original description, Krist., 165, 209), in which one S atom was subtracted 1034 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE from the formula, does not require approval because no lower valency, and ian for the higher. If the valency of essential elements are added or deleted, only their pro- an element in a particular mineral is not known, the ad- portion has changed. However, if this change had also jectival modifier derived from the more likely, or more been accompanied by a change in symmetry of the min- common, valence state of the element should be used. eral, then approval would have been required. An adjectival modifier is an adjective that gives some Example 11. A case similar to that of onoratoite, orig- information on the chemistry of the mineral and is not inally described as triclinic, but later found to be mono- considered to be a part of the mineral name. Adjectival clinic (Acta Cryst., C40, 1506). modifiers should therefore be ignored in the preparation Example 12. A case similar to that of mohsite, which of alphabetical indexes. In some papers, an adjectival was discredited (Can. Mineral., 17, 635) because re-ex- modifier is given in the form of a hyphenated prefix com- amination of a type specimen showed that it is essentially posed of a chemical symbol, e.g., Li-tosudite, rather than similar to crichtonite, which has priority over mohsite. lithian tosudite or lithium-bearing tosudite. Such usage Example 13. A case similar to that of ferroschallerite, is incorrect and should be avoided. which was discredited because re-examination of type material showed that it was not the Fe analogue of schal- Group and varietal names lerite and that it did not have the schallerite structure A mineral name may be used for a group of minerals, (Mineral Mag., 48, 271). e.g., mica, or for a mineral species, e.g., muscovite. Some- A discredited name should not be used in the literature times the species name is also used as a group name, e.g., except to report its discrediting. However, if there is evi- the pyrite species is a member of the pyrite group. In the dence that a previously discredited mineral is valid, a past, varieties of minerals have been given special names, proposal to revalidate the name should be submitted to e.g., kunzite (a variety of spodumene), but this practice the CNMMN for consideration. is not approved. The treatment of proposals for redefinition, discredit- ing, or revalidation is analogous to that for the introduc- Name selection tion of a new mineral name, and more than a two-thirds Naming a new mineral is the prerogative and respon- (213) majority is required. to approve such proposals. sibility of the senior author of the proposal submitted to A list of mineral names discredited by the CNMMN is the CNMMN for approval, but the choice of a new name given as Appendix Table 1. is governed by the following guidelines: The name must be sufficiently different from existing SELECTION OF A MINERAL NAME ones to prevent confusion, both in the author's language and in others. Existing mineral nomenclature already dis- Adjectival modifiers plays a number of examples of unfortunate names that In mineralogical nomenclature, it is important to dis- are easily confused; names such as celadonite and cale- tinguish the name proper from adjectival modifiers that donite or mallardite and malladrite can easily be mis- may precede the name and are not connected to it. An spelled; names such as rhodesite, rhodizite, and rhodusite adjectival modifier is not considered to be part of the are euphonically very similar. Introduction of new names mineral name and is normally used to indicate a com- that can create similar problems must be avoided. positional variant, e.g., ferroan manganotantalite, where If the new mineral is related to an existing one, it is ferroan is the adjectival modifier that indicates the pres- desirable that this relationship be indicated by the new ence of some ferrous iron and manganotantalite is the name, e.g., clinoenstatite for the monoclinic dimorph of name proper. The adjectival modifiers recommended by enstatite, or magnesiocopiapite for the Mg analogue of Schaller (1930) have generally been used in papers pub- copiapite. Such a name should consist of one word only lished in the English language, but with the greatly in- (e.g., magnesiocopiapite, not magnesium copiapite). creased information about valence states that has become Efforts should be made to choose a simple name rather available since that time, it seems appropriate to draw up than an excessively complicated one that may be difficult a new list. to read or pronounce. A complete consensus could not be reached by mem- The use of excessively long names should be avoided, bers of the CNMMN on several adjectival modifiers. Al- as these may cause difficulties in pronunciation, tabula- though the CNMMN generally recommends that Latin- tions, and computer databases. derived prefixes should be used whenever possible (Hey The name of a mineral with essential rare-earth ele- and Gottardi, 1980), a substantial number of members ments (or the chemically related elements Y or Sc) must feel more comfortable with prefixes derived from com- have a suffix indicating the dominant rare-earth element, mon English names of chemical elements, e.g., sodium e.g., bastnasite-(Ce). Ifa new mineral with the same struc- vs. natrium and potassium vs. kalium. In such cases, either ture and analogous composition, but with a different version is regarded as acceptable. Table 1 is a list of ad- dominant rare-earth element, is discovered, it should be jectival modifiers approved by the CNMMN. given a name that is analogous to that of the existing In constructing an adjectival modifier that is not in mineral, e.g., bastnasite-(Y). A suffixof this type is known Table 1, the ending oan is to be used for the ion with the as a "Levinson modifier" after the author who introduced NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE 1035
TABLE 1. Adjectival modifiers approved by the CN M M N
Ag argentian N nitrian; (N03)- nitratian AI aluminian NH4 ammonian AS3+ arsenoan; AS5+arsenian; (AS03)3-arsenitian; (AS04)3-arsena- Na natrian or sodian tian Nb niobian; (Nb04)3- niobatian Au aurian Nd neodymian B borian; (B03)3- boratoan; (B04)5- boratian Ni2+ nickeloan; Ni3+ nickelian Sa barian o oxygenian Be beryiiian Os osmian Bi3+ bismuthoan; Bi5+bismuthian; (Bi04)5- bismuthatian P phosphorian; (P04)3- phosphatian Br bromian; (Br03)- bromatian Pb2+ plumboan; Pb4+ plumbian C carbonian; (C03)2- carbonatian Pd2+ palladoan; Pd4+ palladian Ca calcian Pr praseodymian Cd cadmian Pt2+ platinoan; pt4+ platinian Ce3+ ceroan; Ce4+cerian Ra radian CI chlorian; (CI03)- chloratian Rb rubidian C02+ cobaltoan; C03+cobaltian Re rhenian Cr chromian; (Cr04)2- chromatian Rh rhodian Cs caesian or cesian Ru ruthenian Cu+ cuproan; Cu2+cuprian S sulphurian or sulfurian; (S04)2- sulphatian or sulfatian; (S03)2- Dy dysprosian sulphitian or sulfitian Er erbian antimonoan or stiboan; Sb5+ antimonian or stibian; (Sb04)3- Eu2+ europoan; Eu3+europian antimonatian or stibatian F fluorian Sc scandian Fe2+ ferroan; Fe3+ferrian Se selenian; (Se04)2- selenatian; (Se03)2- selenitian Fr francian Si silician; (Si04)4- silicatian Ga gallian Sm samarian Gd gadolinian Sn2+ stannoan; Sn4+ stannian Ge germanian; (Ge04)4- germanatian Sr strontian H hydrogenian; (OH)- hydroxylian; (H30)+ hydronian or oxonian; Ta tantalian H20 hydrated or hydrous Tb terbian Hf hafnian Te tellurian; (Te04)2- telluratian; (Te03)2- telluritian Hg+ mercuroan; Hg2+mercurian Th thorian Ho holmian Ti3+ titanoan; Ti4+ titanian I iodian; (103)- iodatian TI+ thalloan; T13+thallian In indian Tm thulian Ir iridian U4+ uranoan; U6+ uranian; (U02)2+ uranylian K kalian or potassian V2+ vanadoan; V5+ vanadian; (V04)3- vanadatian; (VO)2+ vanadylian La lanthanian W wolframian or tungstenian; (W04)2- wolframatian or tungsta- Li lithian tian Lu lutecian Y yttrian Mg magnesian Yb ytterbian Mn2+ manganoan; Mn3+or Mn4+manganian Zn zincian Mo molybdian; (Mo04)2- molybdatian Zr zirconian
this procedure (Levinson, 1966). The CNMMN recently by the use of prefixes, e.g., clinoenstatite, the monoclinic decided that the names of all minerals containing essen- dimorph of enstatite, or magnesiochromite, the Mg ana- tial rare-earth elements, including those introduced into logue of chromite. The use of a hyphen to distinguish the the literature before the publication of Levinson's paper, prefix from the root name is to be discouraged, but where should be changed into the approved format. A list of an unhyphenated name is awkward and a hyphen assists these mineral names is given as Appendix Table 2. in deciphering the name, it may be used, e.g., hydroxyl- In a few cases, a procedure similar to that described bastnasite-(Ce ). for minerals with essential rare-earth elements has been When a chemical prefix is used, Latin-derived prefixes used for minerals that can contain different substituting should be used whenever possible, e.g., "ferro" instead elements in one or more structural sites, e.g., jahnsite- of "iron," "plumbo" instead of "blei," etc. (Hey and Got- (CaMnMg). In general, this type of nomenclature is ac- tardi, 1980). ceptable in cases where only one substituting element is The prefix is an integral part of the mineral name and suffixed, but suffixes consisting of multiple elements are should generally be treated as such in the preparation of conditionally acceptable in cases where the structure is alphabetical indexes; however, an exception can be made complex and where the use of such suffixes simplifies the in the case of prefixed symbols such as Greek letters or nomenclature. their spelled-out Latin equivalents. A recent decision by Suffixes can also be used to indicate crystallographic the CNMMN permits their positioning after the main relationships. This usage has already been noted in the name; e.g., {3-roselite may be written as roselite-{3 or ro- case of polytypes, but it has also recently been extended selite-beta. to minerals that are not polytypes according to the rig- If the mineral is named after a person with a space or orous definition, e.g., hilgardite-3Tc (Ghose, 1985). a capital letter in the name, the name should be modified Relationships to other minerals can also be indicated to eliminate them, e.g., mcnearite, not mcNearite; joe- 1036 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE smithite, not joe smithite. Otherwise, the original spelling PUBLICATION OF DESCRIPTIONS OF APPROVED of the person's name should be retained. If the mineral MINERALS is to be named after a living person, that person's per- Authors of approved proposals should publish descrip- mission must be obtained by the author, and this should tions of the minerals covered by these proposals within be done prior to the submission of the proposal to the two years of being notified of the approval by the chair- CNMMN. When deciding to name a mineral after a per- man or vice-chairman. If descriptions of new minerals son, it is well to recall J. D. Dana's (1854) precept: "It and discrediting, redefinition, or revalidation of mineral should be remembered that the use of names of persons names are not published within that time, the proposals eminent in other sciences, or of such as are ignorant of are no longer considered as approved. Any extensions of all science, is wholly at variance with good usage and this deadline must be approved by the chairman or vice- propriety; moreover, an attempted flattery of the politi- chairman, as appropriate. cally distinguished is degrading to science, and cannot be too strongly discountenanced." ADVICE TO EDITORS Although the CNMMN does not have a fixed policy Editors of mineralogical and geological journals will do on the use of compounded personal names, some mem- a service to the Earth sciences if they cooperate fully with bers feel strongly that they should be discouraged, partic- the CNMMN. All aspects of the nomenclature in sub- ularly where they become cumbersome or cacophonous, mitted manuscripts should be evaluated according to the or where they unnecessarily distort the true names of the guidelines given here. Assurance should be sought from individual who is supposedly being honored. authors that they have submitted all matters dealing with If the mineral is to be named after a geographical oc- mineral nomenclature to the CNMMN and that their currence, care must be taken to ensure that the spelling proposals have been approved. Unless they have definite conforms to that in use at the locality and should not be proof of approval, editors should consult with their na- taken from translations. tional representatives or with members of the CNMMN Mineral names proposed in languages that use other executive. Editors should be particularly cautious about than the Latin alphabet shall be transliterated into the the final acceptance of a paper bearing phrases like "has Latin alphabet according to the prevalent system opera- been submitted" or "will be submitted" to the CNMMN. tive in the country of origin. In the case of Cyrillic names, Acceptance of such papers should be delayed until evi- transliteration shall follow the British Standard System, dence is produced that the nomenclature has been ap- which has been adopted by the CNMMN. Diacritical proved by the CNMMN. marks must be retained wherever possible, but it is rec- In the case of new minerals, editors should insist on ognized that not all printing establishments have the nec- evidence that a type specimen of the new mineral has essary facilities for printing all types of diacritical marks; been lodged in at least one major museum or a nationally in such cases diacritical marks may be omitted. recognized mineral collection. Reuse of a discredited or obsolete name for a new or It would be appreciated if all journals that publish min- redefined mineral is to be discouraged, except when the eralogical papers included the following statement in their new mineral is a component of a mixture originally de- instructions to authors: scribed as a single mineral; in such a case, the original name may be transferred to the new phase. Reuse of a "This journal follows the rules of the Commission discredited name may also be permitted if there is a good on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the IMA in reason why the discredited name is particularly appro- all matters concerning mineral names and nomen- priate for the mineral in question, and the discredited or clature. " obsolete name has not appeared in the active literature (except for the report of its discrediting) for fifty years. A ACKNOWLEDGMENTS proposal to reuse an obsolete name must be accompanied National representatives on the CNMMN made substantial contribu- or preceded by a proposal to discredit the obsolete name. tions to this document by their comments and suggestions during its prep- aration. We are grateful for helpful suggestions made by Peter Bayliss, If the CNMMN does not approve a proposal to reuse a editor of the JCPDS Mineral Powder Diffraction File. discredited name, the author of the proposal has no prior- ity for the use of the discredited name, although he is free REFERENCES to propose the name again at a future time. The reuse of an obsolete or discredited name will not Bailey, S.W. (1981) Nomenclature for regular interstratifications. Cana- dian Mineralogist, 19, 651-655. be permitted if the name has been used outside the field Dana, J.D. (1854) A system of mineralogy (4th edition). Wiley, New of mineralogy (e.g., in petrography, metallurgy, paleon- York. tology, etc.) or to indicate two or more minerals. -(1868) A system of mineralogy (5th edition). Wiley, New York. If an artificial substance has been given a name, and a Donnay, G., and Fleischer, M. (1970) Suggested outline for new mineral descriptions. American Mineralogist, 55, 1017-1019. mineral corresponding to that substance is subsequently Embrey, P.G., and Hey, M.H. (1970) "Type" specimens in mineralogy. discovered, the name given to the artificial substance does Mineralogical Record, 1, 102-104. not necessarily have to be applied to the mineral. Fleischer, M. (1970) Procedure of the International Mineralogical Asso- NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE 1037
ciation Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. American Levinson, A.A. (1966) A system of nomenclature for rare-earth minerals. Mineralogist, 55, 1016-1017. American Mineralogist, 5 1, 152-158. Ghose, S. (1985) A new nomenclature for the borate minerals in the Mandarino, I.A., Nickel, E.H., and Cesbron, F. (1984) Rules of procedure hilgardite (Ca2B409Cl. H20)-tyretskite (Ca2Bs090H' H20) group. of the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, Internation- American Mineralogist, 70, 636-637. al Mineralogical Association. American Mineralogist, 69, 563-564; Ca- Guinier, A., et al. (1984) Nomenclature of polytype structures. Report of nadian Mineralogist, 22, 367-368; Mineralogical Magazine, 48, 567- the International Union of Crystallography Ad-Hoc Committee on the 568. Nomenclature of Disordered, Modulated and Polytype Structures. Acta Crystallographica, A40, 399-404. Ramsdell, L.S. (1947) Studies on silicon carbide. American Mineralogist, Hey, M.H., and Gottardi, C. (1980) On the use of names, prefixes and 32, 64-82. suffixes, and adjectival modifiers in the mineralogical nomenclature. Schaller, W.T. (1930) Adjectival ending of chemical elements used as American Mineralogist, 65, 223-224. modifiers to mineral names. American Mineralogist, 15, 567-574.
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY) THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS
Discredited name Approved name Reference Discredited name Approved name Reference
Ant i glaucophane Glaucophane or crossi te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Abkhazi te Tremoli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Arfwed90ni te Arfvedsoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Abriachani te Riebeckite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Argentocuproauri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Absi te Branneri te Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1419 Arsenate-belovite Talmessite this paper Abukumali te Bri tho1i te-( Y) Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152 Arsenodial yti te Bull. Min. 97 (1974), 520 Achremati te Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 170 Asbeferri te Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Achromai te Ibrnb1ende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Asbestini te Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Actinote Actino1 i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Asbestoide Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Actymlin Actioo1ite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Asbestus Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Actynoli te Actinolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ashari te Szajbelyite this paper Adelpholite Samarski te-( Y) Am. Min. 51 (1966), 1553 Ashtonite Strontian mordeni te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 383 Aktinoli tischer Magnesio- or ferro- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Astochite Manganoan richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 tschermaki te hornblende Astorit(e) Richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Alaskai te Mixture Am. Min. 58 (1973), 349 Astrakani te B10di te this paper Alazani te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Astroli te Muscovi te Am. Min. 57 (1972), 993 Albrittonite Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156 Aurocupri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Aldzhanite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Azorpyrrhi te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Alkali-femaghastingsi te Sodian potassian mag- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bababudani te Magnes io-r iebeck i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 nesian hastingsite Badeni te Mixture Min. Mag. 47 (1983), 411 Alkali -ferrohast ingsi te Sodian potassian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Balavinskite Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 hastingsite Barium Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 Alkali-hastingsi te Sodian potassian (has- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 a lumoptBrmacosideri te tingsite to mag- Barium pharmacosideri te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 nesiohastingsi te Barkevici te Ferroan or ferro- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Allchari te Goethite Bull. Min. 92 (1969), 99 pargasi tic hornblende Allemonti te Stibarsen Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513 Barkevikite Ferroan or ferro- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Allevard i te Rector i te Am. Min. 49 (1964), 446 pargasi tic hornblende A110pallad ium Stibiopa11adini te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 796 Barsaoovi te Eucol i te Am. Min. 54 (1969), 1499 Almosi te this paper Basal tic oornblende An oxyhornb1ende, often Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Almerii te Natroalunite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 353 ferri - or ferrian Alpha-ca taple i te Gaidonnayite Can. Min. 16 (1978), 195 titanian (magnesio- Al tmarki te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 or magnesian A1uminobe taf i te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 hastingsi te) Alumobri tooli te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Basal tine Oxyoornblene + augite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Alumocobal tomelane Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Basilii te Hausmanni te + Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562 Alumoferroaschari te Mixture Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501 fei tknechi te Ameleti te Nepheline & mixture Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 438 Sedeni te Ferrian actiooli tic Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Amiant(h) Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 hornblende Amianthini te Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 8elovite (of Nefedov) Talmassi te this paper Amianthoide Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 8ergamaschi te Hastingsite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Amianthus Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bergamaski te Hast ingst i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Amosite Asbestiform grunerite or Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bergflachs Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 anthophyllite pre 1948 Bergfle isch Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ampangabei te Samarski te-( Y) Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Berghaar Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Amphibole-anthophyll i te CUamingtonite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 8erghaut Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Amphiboli te Ibrnb1ende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bergholz Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Analci te Analcime Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 8ergkork Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Anarakite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Bergpapier Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Anauxite Kao1ini te Am. Min. 54 (1969), 206 Bergwolle Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Anophori te Ti tanian calcian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Beryllium sodalite Tugtupite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1178 magnesio-arfvedsoni te 8eryllosodali te Tugtupite Am. Min. 46 (1961),241 Anthograrrma ti te Anthophylli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Beta-a lumohydroca lei te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Antoogranmi te Anthophy 11i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Beta-broceni te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Antho1 i te Anthophylli te and Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Beta-lomooo90vi te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 cul11ningtoni te Biali te Wavellite Min. Mag. 37 (1969), 123 Antho1 i th Anthophy 11i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bidalotite Gedrite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Anthophy1line Anthophy1li te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bisbeeite Chrysocolla Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1054 Anthophyllite rayonne Anthophyll i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Bitep1apa11adite Merenskyite this paper
Continued 1038 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY) THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name Approved name Reference Discredited name Approved name Reference
Biteplatini te ftbnchei te DisthBne Cyanite/kyani te this paper BlancMrd i te Brochantite ~~s M~:~8 (1973), 562 Dixeyite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Blende Sphaler i te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Djalmaite Uranmicrol i te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Bloedite Bl()d i te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 263 D:>suli te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Blomstrandi te Uranpyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 D:>verite Min. Mag. 33 (1962),261 Boleslavi te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 D:>verite Synchysi te-( Y) Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152 Boodtite Heterogeni te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253 Droogmansi te Kasoli te Bull. Min. 101 (1978), 56 Bo~niez i te Sodian amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Dzhezkazgani te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Borickyi te this paper Eardleyi te Takovite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 458 Breadalbani te fbrnblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 ) blmeni te Cryptomelane Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513 Broceni te Fergusoni te-beta- (Ce Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Eckrite Winchite Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Bromyri te Bromargyri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Eggoni te Kolbecki te this paper Brosteni te Birnessi te + todoroki te Min. Abet. 74-3408 Eisenrichteri te Ferro-richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Buryk talski te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Ektropi te Caryopilite Am. Min. 49 (1964), 446 Byssoli te Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ellsworthi te Uranpyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Cacoclasite Mixture Am. Min. 52 (1967), 929 El1weileri te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Calafatite Alunite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184 Elroqu i te Mixture Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1421 Calamine Bemimorphite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Ehde i01 i te Impure pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Calami te Tremoli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 EPidesmine Stilbite Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1066 Calciosamarskite Uranian yttropyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 EPigeni te Mixture Min. Mag. 47 (1983), 411 Calc iotanta li te Mixture Min. Mag. 38 (1972), 765 EPi ianthini te Schoepi te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Calcium-larsenite Esperite Am. Min. 50 (1965), 1170 Erubesci te Bornite Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Calcium-rinki te Gotzeni te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Exi ~le Valentini te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 calciumhilgardi te-2M( Ca) Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Fah1erz Tetrahedri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Calciumhilgardi te-3Ta Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Fairbanksite Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Car inthine li:>rnblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Fasciculi te Hornblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Carnevallite Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Fe1dspath Feldspar Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Carptx>sideri te Hydronit.llt jarosite this paper Felspar Feldspar Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Carystine Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 FemagMstingsi te Magnesian Mstingsi te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Castaingite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Femol i te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Cataforite I(atophori te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Fengtuangli te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 CataptDri te Katophorite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Feng1uanite Isomer tie i te Am. Min. 65 (1980), 408 Catophori te I(atophori te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Feranthophylli te Ferro-anthophyll i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Celestite Celestine Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Ferri -adeni te Ferro-edeni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 cerargyri te Chlorargyri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Ferri -tremoli te Ferri -ferro-actinol i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cerolite serpentine + stevensite Am. Min. 50 (1965), 2111 Ferrian pargasi te Sodian manganoan Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cerphosphorhut toni te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 magnes io-hastingsi te ceruranopyrochlore Cerian pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Ferri glaucophane Magnesio-riebecki te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Chalcolampri te Impure pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Ferri hedri te Ferri-gedrite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cl'alcoli te Torberni te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Ferripumpe11yi te Julgoldi te- (Mg) Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219 Challanti te Ferricopiapi te Can. Min. 23 (1985), 53 Ferririchteri te Manganoan magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cl'alybite Sideri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 arfvedsoni te Chengbol i te Monchei te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Ferro-tremol i te Ferro-actioo1 i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Chemyshevi te ~il.ln amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ferroaluni te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Chessyli te Azuri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Ferrotabingtoni te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 O1iklite Manganoan ferri -ferro- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ferrofillowite Johnsomervi lIe i te this paper richteri te Ferrol'a10trichite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Chile-lowei te Hutrberstoni te Min. Abet. 70-1634 Ferrohastingsi te Hastingsi te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Chlorarsenian Allacti te Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562 Ferrolizardite Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Chlorhastingsi te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 Ferropla t inum Can. Min. 13 (1975), 117 Chloropal Nontroni te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Ferropumpe1l yi te ~::l~~~~-( Fe2+) Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219 Chloroti Ie Agardi te-( Y) Min. Mag. 37 (1970), 954 Ferrostibian Langbanite Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1779 Chronrlistl'sne Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 Ferutite LSvidite-( La) Am. Min. 49 (1964), 447 Chrome-tremoli te Tremoli te or actiooli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Feuermineral Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Chromephlogopi te Phlogopi te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Fluochlore Pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Chrominium Phoenicochroi te Bull. Min. 95 (1972), 427 Forbes i te Cobal toan annabergi te Can. Min. 14 (1976), 414 Chromsteigerite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 + arsenolite Cl-Tyretski te Hilgardi te-1Ta Am. Min. 70 (1985), 636 Foresi te Mixture Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Cl ino-antoophy 11 i te MagnesiO-Cl.I1I11ingtonite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Foucherite this paper Cliooeulite Cliooferrosili te this paper Freyali te Mixture Am. Min. 70 (1985), 1059 Clinokupfferite CLmningtoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Frigidite Mixture Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 99 Cl ioostrengi te Phosphosideri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Gajite Calcite + brucite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Clioovariscite Metavarisci te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Galenoborni te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Cobal t-frohbergi te Frohbergite this paper Gamsigradi te Manganoan (magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cobal tocalci te Spherocobal ti te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 hornblende or edeni te) Cobal tomelane Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Gastaldi te Glaucophane Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cocineri te Mixture Am. Min. 52 (1967), 1214 Gearksi te Gearksutite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 ColllRt>omicroli te Pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Gelzircon Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Cossyri te Aenigmati te Am. Min. 49 (1964), 821 Gentnerite Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144 Craigite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Gersbyi te Lazulite Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778 Crocidol i te Asbestiform riebeckite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Gioberti te Magnesi te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Cryptonickelemelane Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Girnari te Subsil icic ti tanian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Cuproartini te Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156 so
ApPENDIXTABLE 1. MINERAL NAMESDISCREDITEDBYTHE CNMMN (NOT TO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY) THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name Approved name Reference Discredited name Approved name Reference
Hen\«>Od i te Turquoise Am. Min. 46 (1961), 1520 Kymatine Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Herrengruoo i te Devllline Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 labraoor tx>mblende crthopyroxene Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hetero type Amphibole + pyroxene Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 lamprobol i te Oxyoornblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Heubachite Nickelian heterogenite Min. Mag. 33 (1962),253 tamprostibian Melanostibian Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1779 Hexabol i t Oxyhornblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 lanei te Ferroan or ferro- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hexagoni te Manganoan tremol i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 pargasi tic oornblenda Hexastibiopa11adite SucbJryi te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 lavrovite Chromian diopside N. Jb. Min., Mh. (1979), 189 Hillangsi te Dannemorite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 r.azarevicite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Starkeyite Min. Rae. 6 (1975), 144 ft>eferi te Chapmani te Am. Min. 50 (1965), 2110 Leonhardti te Lessed te Inderite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Hoepfnerite Tremo1 i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Lewistonite Carbonatian fluorapatite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 282 Ibgtveitite Tha1enite-(Y) Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 102 Lioosite Ferd- or ferrian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 fb1zasbest Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 fbngqui i te oxy-kaersuti te this paper Li thiong1aukophan 1b1mquisti te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 fbrmi tes Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Lithium-amphibole Li thian amphibole, Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hudsoni te Hastingsi te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 holmquistite and Hydrargill i te Gibbsite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 c1 ioo-oolrnquis ti te Hydroarnes i te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Liujinyinite Uytenbogaardti te this paper Hydroca1cite Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Lodoctniki te Branneri te Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1419 (of Marschner) IDrettoite Am. Min. 64 (1979), 1303 Hydrocas tor i te Mixture Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Macrokaol ini te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Hydroca taple i i te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Magantoophyllite Magnesio-anthophyll i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydroceri te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Magnesia-arfvedsoni te Magnesio-arfvedsoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydrochlore Pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Magnesian glaucophane Glaucophane Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydrocyani te Chalcocyani te this paper Magnesio1aumonti te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Hydrotalloysite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Magnesium antoophyll ite Magnesio-antoophyllite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydrokassi te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Magnesium szomolnokite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Hydrcxno1ysi te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Magnetostibian Jacobsi te Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562 Hydronaujakasi te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 Magniobod te Suani te Am. Min. 48 (1963), 915 Hydropyrochlore Altered pyroch10re Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Magnodravi te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Hydrorinki te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Magoophori te Titanian potassian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydrosedci te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 richteri te Hydrosodali te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Maigruen Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Hydrougraoo i te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Mangan amphibole Rhodoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Hydroxyl-aschari te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Manganandalusi te Manganoan anda1usi te this paper Hydroxy1-szajbe1yite Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Mangan croc idol i te Manganoan riebeckite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Idocrase Vesuviani te this paper Mangan krokidol i th Manganoan riebecki te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Mangan-actinoli te Manganoan actinolite Am. Min. 63 81978), 1023 19a1ikite Analcime + muscovi te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Igdloi te Lueshi te Min. Mag. 33 (1962),261 Mangan-tremolite Manganoan tremol i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 lmerini te Magnes io-arfvedsoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Mangano-anthophyl1 i te Tirodite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Imgre 1te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Manganomelane Psilornelane Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513 Iodyri te Iodargyr i te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Mangananossi te Manganocolumbi te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 I ron-an thophy1 li te Ferro-anthophylli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Manganosteens trupine Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Iron-oomblende Oxy-manganoan potassian Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Manganseverg ini te Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 ferrian ferro- Mangantapiol i te Manganotapio1 i te Am. Min. 70 (1985), 217 hornblende Manganurali te Manganoan magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 arfvedsoni te lron-richteri te Ferro-richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 ( lsabelli te Richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Marignaci te ceriopyrochlore- Ce) Am. Min. 62 81977), 403 Ishiganeite Cryptomelane Am. Min. 49 (1964), 448 Marmairolite Manganoan richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Matoro1ite Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 + birnessite Isopla tioocopper Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Mbozii te FOtassian tarami te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Isowolframite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Mednonti te Chrysoco1la + mica Am. Min. 54 (1969), 994 Jenkins i te Ferroan antigorite Am. Min. 47 (1962), 783 Melaconite 'Ienori te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Jezekite Morinite Am. Min. 47 (1962), 398 Melnikovite Greigite Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513 Jiningite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Mendele jevi te 8etafite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Jomstonotite Spessartine Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1065 Mendelyeevite Betafite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Juddite Manganoan magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Meta jenni te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Metaliebigite Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103 Julgoldi te JU~~~:~t: 2+) Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219 Metalomooosovi te Beta-lomonosovi te Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1413 Ka1amite Tremolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Metamurmani te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Ka1io-magnes io- Titanian potassian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Metasimpsoni te Microlite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 katophorit richterite Metastrengi te Ph:>sptns ided te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Kamarezite Brochanti te Am. Min. 50 (1965), 1450 Min:Ugi te Heterogeni te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253 te Minguettite Stilpnomelane Am. Min. 54 (1969), 1223 ~~!~~~~ fbrnblende, often ~~.M~~. 616(~~~Hf~' 18~1 Miomiri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 pargasi tic hornblende Miropolskite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Karpinskyi te Mixtur.e Am. Min. 57 (1972), 1006 Mispickel Arsenopyri te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Khlopini te Samarskite-(Y) Am. Min. 57 (1972), 329 Miyashiroite Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Khunii te Irani te Am. Min. 61 (1976), 186 Mohsi te Crichtoni te Can. Min. 17 (1979), 635 Kidney stone Actiooli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Montasite Asbestiform grunerite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Kievi te CUnmingtoni te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Montdori te this paper Killini te Hydromuscovi te Min. Mag. 48 (1984), 566 ftk:>ssite Tanta1ian ferroco1umbite Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 553 Kirwanite Impure altered Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Mounta in wood Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 oornblende Mozambikite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Kivuite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Mrazeki te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Kleber! te this paper Mumbite Plumbomicroli te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Klipsteinite Neotoci te Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 279 Munkforssi te Manganiferous apatite Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778 Kmaite Min. Mag. 36 (1967),133 Cyani te/Kyani te Knipovichi te Munkrooi te Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778 Alumohydrocalci te Am. Min. 61 (1976), 341 Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Kokscharovi te Edeni tic amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Murgoci te Kokscharowi t Fdeni tic amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Nakase i te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Ko1skite Lizardite + sepiolite Am. Min. 59 (1974), 212 Namaqualite Cyanotrichi te Min. Mag. 32 (1961), 737 Koppite Pyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Natrongranma ti t Richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Kozhaoovite Karnasurti te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Natronrichteri te Manganoan richterite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Krokidol i te crocido1 i te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Naurodite Alkali amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Krokydoli th Crocidolite Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Nenadkevi te Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 1261 Kupfferi te Magnesio-anthophylli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Neodigeni te Digeni te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 (Allen & Clement) Neotantalite Microlite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Kupfferi te (8ermann) Chromian anthophyllite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Nephrite Actinoli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Kupffed te (Koksharov) Chromian antoophyllitic Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Niccoli te Nickeline Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 amphibole Nieke lemelane Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261 Kurganta i te Strontian tyretskite Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 514 Nickelite Nickeline Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 + celestine Niobozircono1ite Zirkelite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Kusui te Wakefieldite-(ce) Bull. Min. 109 (1986), 30 Kyanophyll i te Paragonite + musoovite Am. Min. 58 (1973), 807 Continued 1040 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY) THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name Approved name Reference Discredited name Approved name Reference
Niobpyrochlore Pyrochlor:e Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Rutherfordite Ruther ford ine Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Niobtantalpyrochlore Pyrochlore/microl i te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Salmonsi te Hureaulite + jahnsite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 309 Nitroglauberi te Darapski te Am. Min. 55 (1970),' 776 Sami res i te Plumbian uranpyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Noonkanbahi te Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144 Sangari te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Noralite Ferro-hornblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Scheibeite (of Mucke) Phoenicochroite Am. Min. 56 (1971), 359, NordenskitSldi te Tremoli te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Schetel igi te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Nuola i te Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Schneiderite Scl'Jniederite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1054 Obrucmvi te Yttropyrochlore Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Schoeni te Picr
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY) THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name Approved name Reference Discredited name Approved name Reference
Thorgadol ini te Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055 Vanuranyli te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Th:>roaeschyni te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Veliki te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Tibergite Manganoan sodian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Vernadsk i te Antlerite Am. Min. 46 (1961), 146 magnes io-has tingsi te Viridine Manganoan andalusite Zts. Krist. 155 (1981), 8 Tin-tantalite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Waldheimi te Richterite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ti tanbetaf i te 8etafite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Wallerian Ebrnblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Ti tanhornblende Aenigmatite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Warthai te Cosali te + galena Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501 Ti tanmicroli te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Wathl ingi te Kieserite Am. Min. 47 (1962), 811 Ti tano-aeschyni te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Wehrlite Mixture Am. Min. 69 (1984), 215 Ti tano-obruch9vite Yttrobetafite-( Y) Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Weibyeite Bastnasite + ancylite Am. Min. 49 (1964) v 1154 Ti tanopyrochlore Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Weilerite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Ti taoortal::rlophane Min. Mag. 36 (1967),133 Weinschenki te Churchite-(Y) Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513 Toddite Columbi te + samarski te Am. Min. 47 (1962), 1363 (of Laubman) Tonerdetal tiger Tremolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Weinschenkite Ferri-magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 strahlstein (of Murgoci) oomblende or Torendrik i te Magnesio-riebecki te Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 magnesio-hastingsi te Tozali te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Westgrenite Bismutomicrolite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Transvaalite Heterogeni te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253 ~'liikite Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Tremel i te-glaucophane Richteri te Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Wilkeite Apatite/fluore1lestadite Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 514 Triphane Spodunene Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Wittingi te Neotocite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 279 Trudell i te Natroalunite + Am. Min. 57 (1972), 1317 WoHramoixiolite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 chloralumini te Woodfordi te Ettringite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Tsavolite Grossular this paper Yamatoite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Tsch9rnischew i t Sodium amphibole Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Yanzhongite Kotu1skite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Tucani te Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144 Yenshanite Vysotskite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Turi te Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 yftisite this paper Tyni te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Yokosuka i te Nsutite Am. Min. 49 (1964), 448 Tyretskite Tyretskite-1Ta Am. Min. 70 (1985), 636 Yttroha tchet tol i te Yttropyrochlore-(Y) Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Ucbkani te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055 Yttromicrolite Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156 Udumineli te Min. Mag. 39 (1974), 929 Zeiringi te Aragonite + aurichalcite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184 Ufertite D:1vidite-( la) Am. Min. 49 (1964), 447 Zeyringi te Aragonite + aurictalcite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184 Uigite Thansoni te + gyroli te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262 Zillerite Actioolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Uralite Actinolite pseudomorph Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Zillerthi te Actinolite Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023 Urangl inmer Uranite Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053 Zinc-manganese- Zinc tirodite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Uranmica Urani te Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 CUIm1ingtonite Uranoanatase Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144 Zincaluni te Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 Ureyi te Kosmoch10r this paper Zincblende Sphalerite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053 Uzbekite Volborthi te Am. Min. 50 (1965), 2111 Zirconolite Zirkeli te Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403 Vallachite Min. Mag. 38 (1971),103 Zirlite Gibbsi te Am. Min. 47 (1962),1223 Valle i te Calcian manganoan Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023 Zirsite Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133 anthophyll i te 1042 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIXTABLE 2. Revised nomenclature for rare-earth-element minerals
Original Name Revised Name Original Name Revised Name
( ) (Ce) Aesehynite Aeschyni te- Ce Lanthani ta - Aeschynita-(Nj) Lanthanite-(Nd) Agardite Agardi te-( Y) Laplandite Laplandi te- (Ce ) Agardite-(La) Lepersonnite Lepersonnite-(Gd) Allanite Allanite-(Ce) Lokkaite Lokkaite-(Y) Allanite Allani te- (La ) Lopari te Lopari te- (Ce) Allani te- (Y) Loranskite Loransk i te- (Y) Ancylite Aneylite-(Ce) Mckelveyite Mekelveyite-(Y) (Y) Asheroftine As hero f tine- Melanocerite Melanocerite-(Ce) Bastnasite Bastn!isite-(Ca) Minasgeraisite Minasgeraisite-(Y) Bastnasi te- (La) Monazite Monazite-(Ce) Bastnasite-(Y) Monazite-(La) Bijvoetite Bijvoeti te-( Y) Monazite-(Nd) Braitsehite Braitsehite-(Ce) Monteregianite Monteregianite-(Y) Bri thol i te Britholite-(Ce) Moydite Moydite-(Y) Britholite-(Y) Neodymium churchi te Churchi te- U.Jd) Calc ioancy lite Calcioancylite-(Ce) Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) Calkinsite Calkinsite-(Ce) Nordite Nardi te- (La) Cappelenite Cappelenite-(Y) Nordi te- (Ce ) Caysichi te Caysichite-(Y) Okanaganite Okanoganite-(Y) CetBite Cebai te-(Ce) Ck"thojoaquinite Ck"thojoaquinite-(Ce) Ceriani te Cerianite-(Ce) Parisite Paris i te- (Ce) Ceriopyroehlore Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce) Perrierite Perrieri te- (Ce) Cerite Cerita-(Ce) Petersite Petersite-(Y) Cerotungstite Yttrotungstite-(Ce) Polycrase Polycrase-(Y) Cheroovite Chernovite-(Y) Retzian Retzian-( Ce) Chevkinite Chevkinite-(Ce) Retzian-(La) Chukhrovite Chukhrovite-(Y) Retzian-(Nd) Chukhrovi te- (Ce ) Rhabdophane-(Ce) Churchi te Churchi te-(Y) Rhatrlophane- (La ) Cordylite Cordylite-(Ce) Rhatrlophane Rhabdophane-(Nd) Daqingshanite Daqingshanite-(Ce) ROntgenite Rontgenite-(Ce) IBvidi te Davidi te-( Ce) Rowlandite Rowlandite-(Y) Davidite Davidite-(Y) Sahamalite Sahamal ite- (Ce) Davidite Davidite-( La) Samarskite Samarski te-( Y) (Y) D::>nna yi te Ibnna yi te- Saryarkite Saryarkite-(Y) Euxeni te Euxenite-(Y) Sazhinite Sazhinite-(Ce) Ewaldite Ewaldite-(Y) Schuilingite Schuilingite-(Nd) Fergusonite Fergusonite-(Y) Steens trupine Steenstrupine-(Ce) Fergusonite-beta Fergusonite-beta-(Y) Stillwelli te Stillwellite-(Ce) Fergusonite-beta-(Ce) Synchysite Synchysite-(Ce) Fergusonite-beta-(Nd) Synchysite-(Nd) Florencite Florencite-(Ce) Synchysi te- ( Y) Floreneite-(La) Tadzhikite Tadzhikite-(Ce) Floreneite-(Nd) Tantalaeschynite-(Y) Fluocerite Fluocerite-(Ce) Tanteuxenite Tanteuxeni te-( Y) Fluocerite-(La) Tengerite Tengerite-(Y) Formanite Formanite-(Y) Thalenite Thalenite-(Y) Gadolinite Gadolinite-(Y) Tombarthite Tombarthite-(Y) ( Gadolinite-(Ce) Tornebotmite Tornebo tmi te- Ce) Gagarinite Gagarinite-(Y) T6rnebohnite T6rnetx:>hmi te-( La) Gysinite Gysinite-(Nd) Tritomite Tritomite-(Ce) Hellandi te Hellandi te-( Y) Tri tomi te- (Y) Hingganite Hingganite-(Y) Tundrite Tundrite-(Ce) Hingganite-(Yb) Tundrite-(Nd) Huanghoite Huanghoi te- (Ce) Tveitite Tvei ti te-( Y) Hydroxyl-bastnasite Hydroxyl-bastn!site-(Ce) Vitusite Vitusite-(Ce) H¥dro~¥l-tBstnasite-(Nd) Vyun tspakhk i te Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) Ilmorllte Iimoriite-{Y) Wakef ieldi te Wakefieldite-( Y) Ilimaussite Ilimaussite-(Ce) Xenotime Xenotime-( Y) Joaquinite Joaquinite-(Ce) Yttrialite Yttrialite-( Y) Kainosite Kainosite-(Y) Yttrobetafite Yttrobetafite-(Y) Karnasurtite Karnasurtite-(Ce) Yttrocolumbite Yttrocolumbite-(Y) Keivyite Keivyite-(Yb) Yttrocrasi te Yttrocrasi te-( Y) Kimurai te-( Y) Yttropyrochlore Yttropyrochlore-(Y) Kobeite Kobei te-( Y) Yttrotantalite Yttrotantalite-(Y) Kusu'lte Kusu1te-(Ce) Yttrotungstite Yttrotungstite-(Y) Ianthanite lanthani te- ( La) Zhonghuacerite Zhonghuacecite-{Ce)