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Procedures Involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals And American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987 Proceduresinvolving the IMA Commissionon New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelineson mineral nomenclature EnNnsrH. Nrcrnr.x Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia Josnpn A. MnqoaRrNo** Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen'sPark, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada INrnonucrroN Proposedname and reasonfor its selection. and geologic The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names Description of the occurrence.Geographic paragenesis, minerals, (hereafterabbreviated as CNMMN) of the International occurrence, and a list ofassociated with the new Mineralogical Association was establishedin 1959for the particularly those in apparent equilibrium purpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro- mineral. posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral- Chemical compositionand method of analysis. ogical nomenclature,and discrediting or redefining exist- Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified. class, space ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted to Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal parameters, volume, number of the CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv- group, unit-cell unit-cell per X-ray powder data, mor- al is withheld, the proposal should not be published. formula units unit cell, This report incorporates material from previous re- phology, and crystal structure. physical properties. Grain or ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of the General appearanceand luster, trans- CNMMN (Fleischer,1970; Donnay and Fleischer,1970; crystal size, type of aggregate,color, streak, parting, fracture, Embrey and Hey, 1970;Hey and Gottardi, 1980;Man- parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, darino et al., 1984) and representsan attempt to consol- density (calculatedand measured). optical char- idate this information and to present a comprehensive Optical properties.Nonmetallic minerals: biaxial), optical summary of the subject. Where there are differencesbe- acter (isotropic or anisotropicl uniaxial or 22, orientation, tween this report and the earlier ones, this version is to sign, indices of refraction, dispersion, Metallic minerals: color in be regardedas the correct one. pleochroism, and absorption. reflected light, internal reflections, anisotropy, bireflec- SunrvrrssroN oF PRoPosAL tance, pleochroism, and reflectivity. where it is deposited. l. If the proposal deals with a new mineral, it should Type material. Museum be sent directly to the chairman of the CNMMN. In Relationship to other species. parts of the countries that require a prior review by their national Any other data that will clarify difficult committee, the proposal should first be submitted to the description. may not always be possible to national committee and subsequentlyto the CNMMN. It is recognizedthat it the author should 2. Any proposal to redefine or discredit an existing obtain all the above data; in such cases potential authors mineral or mineral name, or to revalidate an obsolete give reasonsfor the omissions.To assist proposals, should be submit- name, must be submitted to the vice-chairman of the of new-mineral a checklist part proposal. Copies of an official checklist CNMMN, with a copy to the chairman. ted as of the of the CNMMN or 3. If the proposal deals with a mineral group, it should can be obtained from the chairman representatives.Guidelines on be sent to the secretaryof the CNMMN, with a copy to from one of the national proposalsare given below. the chairman (the current secretaryis Dr. C.E.S. Arps, some aspectsof mineral Geology and Mineralogy, Hoog- National Museum of Cnrrrnr.l FoR A NEw MINERAL NAME landseKerkgracht 17 ,2312 HS Leiden,Netherlands). A mineral is a generallyaccepted as being a crystalline Nlrunr oF THE PRoPosAL substancethat has defined compositional limits and that processes.The A proposal should include as many data as possible so has been formed as the result ofgeologic of a mineral are that the CNMMN can adequatelyjudge the validity of essentialcomponents in the definition its crystallographic prop- the proposal.Ideally, a new-mineral proposal should con- its chemical composition and whose composition and/or tain the following information: erties. If a mineral is found crystallographic properties are substantially different from mineral, a new name, if needed, * those of any existing Vice-chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and must be proposed to the CNMMN. It is probably not Mineral Names. ** Chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Min- desirableto formulate rigid rules to define whether or not eral Names. a compositional or crystallographic difference is suffi- 0003-004x/87l0910-l 03I $02.00 1031 1032 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE ciently large to require a new mineral name, and each tal system and an italicized numerical symbol indicating new-mineral proposal must be considered on its own the multiplicity of the structural unit. The alphabetical merits. However, a general guideline for compositional charactersrecommended by the International Union of criteria is that at least one major structural site should be Crystallography (Guinier et al., 1984), and now by the occupied by a different chemical component than that CNMMN, are as follows: cubic, C; hexagonal,.Fl;rhom- which occursin the equivalent site in an existing mineral. bohedral, R; trigonal, Z; tetragonal, Q (quadratic); or- But if the presenceof an element occurring in a relatively thorhombic, O; monoclinic, M; ti.cliniq I (anorthic). minor amount stabilizes the structure, or if its presence Example 4. Wurtzite-4,F/is a hexagonalpolytype with in an occupied site efects a structural change owing to a periodicity of 4 times the c dimension of the wurtzite chargeor sizedifference, then considerationmay be given parent; wurtzite-15R is a rhombohedral polytype with a to a proposal to create a new name for such a mineral. l5-times periodicity. Generally speaking, a crystallographic difference suffi- Although polytypes are not regarded as mineral species, ciently largeto justify the creation of a new mineral name authors are advised to consult with officers of the is one in which the structure of the mineral is topologi- CNMMN before introducing new polytype names for cally different from that ofan existing one. minerals into the literature. Example 1. Hydroxyl-apatite and fluorapatite both crystallize in the hexagonalsystem, with the same space Regular interstratifi cations group, and have similar unit-cell parameters. They are New names can be given to regular interstratifications considered as separate minerals because the relevant where the kinds of layers, their relative proportions, structural site is predominantly occupied by OH in hy- chemical compositions, and regularity of interstratifica- droxyl-apatite and by F in fluorapatite. tion have been well documented. For detailed criteria Example 2. Sphalerite(ZnS) and "marmatite" (Zn,Fe)Sl that determine whether the interstratiflcation is suft- are both cubic, with the same spacegroup and similar ciently regular to warrant a speciesname, the reader is unit-cell parameters,but they are not regardedas separate referredto Bailey (1981). However, any proposednew minerals becausethe metal structural site is predomi- name must be submitted to the CNMMN. nantly occupied by Zn in both cases.Marmatite is re- Example 5. The name aliettite has been given to a l: I garded as a ferroan variety ofsphalerite. regular interstratification of talc and trioctahedral smec- Example 3. Graphite and diamond both have the same tlte. composition, but their structuresare topologically differ- ent, and thereforeminerals suchas thesedeserve separate Tvpn spncrrrnx names. When a new mineral is described, or an existing one redefined,the author should exercisecare in defining its Polymorphs type designationand should ensurethat a type specimen Polymorphic minerals are those that have essentially is held as permanent referencematerial by at least one the same chemical compositions, but different crystal major museum or a nationally recognizedmineral collec- structures. Polymorphs are regarded as distinct species tion. and warrant separatemineral names. If the structuresof pRoposAr, the polymorphs are topologically similar, it is preferable TnnarvrnNr oF NEw-MTNERAL to give the new polymorph a name that is related to that When the chairman of the CNMMN receives a new- of the existing polymorph (see "Selection of a Mineral mineral proposal, he is authorized to write to the author Name," below) rather than giving it a trivial name. asking for more data when he considersthis desirable,or he may point out possibleobjections either to the mineral Polytypes or to the name. If the author so desires,the chairman is Polytypes have been defined as substancesthat occur required to submit a proposal to the CNMMN whether in severaldifferent structural modifications,each of which or not he approves of it. In such cases,the chairman will may be regardedas built up by the stacking of layers of inform the authors that he will give his reasonsas to the (nearly)identical structure and composition, and with the unsuitability of the proposal under "Chairman's Re- modifications difering only in their stacking sequence marks." The chairman's abstract of a proposal is sent by (Guinier et al., 1984).Polytypes do not merit new names, air mail to each member of the CNMMN, and approxi- but can be distinguished by appropriate suffixes. The mately
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